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Chlorophyll content reflects plants’ photosynthetic capacity, growth stage, and nitrogen status and is, therefore, of significant importance in precision agriculture. This study aims to develop a spectral and color vegetation indices-based model to estimate the chlorophyll content in aquaponically grown lettuce. A completely open-source automated machine learning (AutoML) framework (EvalML) was employed to develop the prediction models. The performance of AutoML along with four other standard machine learning models (back-propagation neural network (BPNN), partial least squares regression (PLSR), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM) was compared. The most sensitive spectral (SVIs) and color vegetation indices (CVIs) for chlorophyll content were extracted and evaluated as reliable estimators of chlorophyll content. Using an ASD FieldSpec 4 Hi-Res spectroradiometer and a portable red, green, and blue (RGB) camera, 3600 hyperspectral reflectance measurements and 800 RGB images were acquired from lettuce grown across a gradient of nutrient levels. Ground measurements of leaf chlorophyll were acquired using an SPAD-502 m calibrated via laboratory chemical analyses. The results revealed a strong relationship between chlorophyll content and SPAD-502 readings, with an R2 of 0.95 and a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.975. The developed AutoML models outperformed all traditional models, yielding the highest values of the coefficient of determination in prediction (Rp2) for all vegetation indices (VIs). The combination of SVIs and CVIs achieved the best prediction accuracy with the highest Rp2 values ranging from 0.89 to 0.98, respectively. This study demonstrated the feasibility of spectral and color vegetation indices as estimators of chlorophyll content. Furthermore, the developed AutoML models can be integrated into embedded devices to control nutrient cycles in aquaponics systems.

Background: Blood pressure can be monitored during regular activities like resting and light to moderate activity using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). The majority of the most current major hypertension guidelines suggest using it as a blood pressure measurement technique at home. Numerous studies now available demonstrate that when it comes to monitoring blood pressure and forecasting the risk and occurrence of cardiovascular (CV) events, ABPM is more accurate than office blood pressure disease. Many studies have shown that ambulatory blood pressure especially at night is a more reliable indicator of cardiovascular issues and overall mortality than office blood pressure. By cross-classifying patients according to their office and ambulatory blood pressure readings, it is possible to differentiate between those with white-coat hypertension and those with persistent hypertension, as well as between those with masked hypertension and normotension. White-coat hypertension was not associated with high CV risk, whereas concealed and chronic hypertension were. This review article's goal is to assess ambulatory blood pressure monitoring's utility. Conclusions: ABPM is acknowledged as a crucial component of excellent clinical practice in the field and plays a significant role in the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension. This is the only method of blood pressure monitoring available outside of an office that can give data on the 24-hour blood pressure profile, which includes nocturnal hypertension, morning blood pressure rise, and BPV. These factors are all significant indicators of TOD as well as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Background The advances of hyperspectral technology provide a new analytic means to decrease the gap of phenomics and genomics caused by the fast development of plant genomics with the next generation sequencing technology. Through hyperspectral technology, it is possible to phenotype the biochemical attributes of rice seeds and use the data for GWAS. Results The results of correlation analysis indicated that Normalized Difference Spectral Index (NDSI) had high correlation with protein content (PC) with RNDSI2 = 0.68. Based on GWAS analysis using all the traits, NDSI was able to identify the same SNP loci as rice protein content that was measured by traditional methods. In total, hyperspectral trait NDSI identified all the 43 genes that were identified by biochemical trait PC. NDSI identified 1 extra SNP marker on chromosome 1, which annotated extra 22 genes that were not identified by PC. Kegg annotation results showed that traits NDSI annotated 3 pathways that are exactly the same as PC. The cysteine and methionine metabolic pathway identified by both NDSI and PC was reported important for biosynthesis and metabolism of some of amino acids/protein in rice seeds. Conclusion This study combined hyperspectral technology and GWAS analysis to dissect PC of rice seeds, which was high throughput and proven to be able to apply to GWAS as a new phenotyping tool. It provided a new means to phenotype one of the important biochemical traits for the determination of rice quality that could be used for genetic studies.

Chlorophyll content reflects plants' photosynthetic capacity, growth stage, and nitrogen status and is, therefore, of significant importance in precision agriculture. This study aims to develop a spectral and color vegetation indices-based model to estimate the chlorophyll content in aquaponically grown lettuce. A completely open-source automated machine learning (AutoML) framework (EvalML) was employed to develop the prediction models. The performance of AutoML along with four other standard machine learning models (back-propagation neural network (BPNN), partial least squares regression (PLSR), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM) was compared. The most sensitive spectral (SVIs) and color vegetation indices (CVIs) for chlorophyll content were extracted and evaluated as reliable estimators of chlorophyll content. Using an ASD FieldSpec 4 Hi-Res spectroradiometer and a portable red, green, and blue (RGB) camera, 3600 hyperspectral reflectance measurements and 800 RGB images were acquired from lettuce grown across a gradient of nutrient levels. Ground measurements of leaf chlorophyll were acquired using an SPAD-502 m calibrated via laboratory chemical analyses. The results revealed a strong relationship between chlorophyll content and SPAD-502 readings, with an R 2 of 0.95 and a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.975. The developed AutoML models outperformed all traditional models, yielding the highest values of the coefficient of determination in prediction ( R p 2 ) for all vegetation indices (VIs). The combination of SVIs and CVIs achieved the best prediction accuracy with the highest R p 2 values ranging from 0.89 to 0.98, respectively. This study demonstrated the feasibility of spectral and color vegetation indices as estimators of chlorophyll content. Furthermore, the developed AutoML models can be integrated into embedded devices to control nutrient cycles in aquaponics systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the design and implementation of a depth control mechanism for an anguilliform swimming robot. Researchers analyzed three different methods of controlling the depth of the robot, including out-of-plane thrust direction, use of foil on the head and buoyancy control at the head and tail. It was determined that buoyancy control at the head and tail was the best method for controlling depth and pitch, given typical forward speeds of the robot. Details are given into the design of this mechanism, including a stress analysis on a critical part, as well as the impacts that these modifications have on the required torque of the drive servos.

Background Central venous catheterization is an important device that is frequently performed for various purposes in operating theatres and intensive care units, there are many different sites that are commonly used for central venous catheterization, and each site has its own advantages, disadvantages, and possible complications. To avoid catheterization failure and mechanical complications, ultrasound guidance is currently recommended in several guidelines and is widely used for central venous catheterization. It has been shown to reduce the incidence of arterial puncture, hematoma formation, pneumothorax, hemothorax, and catheterization failure. The subclavian vein (SCV) catheterization is more comfortable for patients than other sites but has a higher risk of some complication as pneumothorax. The aim of this study was to compare the Supraclavicular and Infraclavicular approaches for ultrasonographic guided right subclavian venous catheterization as regard the accessibility and the safety of both approaches. Methods This randomized controlled study was conducted in Sohag University Hospital after local ethical committee approval, 210 patients had a right subclavian vein catheterization by either the supraclavicular or the infraclavicular approach (105 for each group), using a two dimensional high-frequency ultrasound guide were enrolled in the study regarding the accessibility (time to first puncture and number of punctures) and the complications like arterial puncture, hematoma formation, arrhythmia, and catheter misplacement. Results The infraclavicular approach is more accessible, regarding the number of punctures, for the Supraclavicular approach there were 56 (53.3%) cases needed only one puncture to achieve successful venous puncture and 27 (25.7%) cases needed 2 punctures and 5 (4.8%) needed 3 punctures and 17 (16.2%) failed in catheterization, for the Infraclavicular approach there were 79 (75.2%) of cases in these group needed only one puncture to achieve successful venous puncture and 17 (16.2%) cases needed 2 punctures and 9 (8.6%) failed in catheterization with a significant difference between both groups P value was 0.003. As regard the puncture time, for the Supraclavicular approach 83 (79%) cases successes in less than 3 min, and 22 (21%) cases needed more than 3 min, in the infraclavicular approach 94 (89.5%) cases succeeded in less than 3 min and 11 (10.5%) cases needed more than 3 min at P value 0.037 and had a lower rate of complications than the supraclavicular approach, like arrhythmia, arterial puncture, hematoma formation, catheter misplacement, and postcatheterization infection, but a higher rate of pneumothorax formation however in a nonsignificant way. Conclusion The infraclavicular approach for ultrasound-guided right subclavian venous catheterization is better than the supraclavicular approach due to a higher chance of first pass success rate and a lower rate of complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is developing as a frequent and significant coronavirus illness [coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)] sequela owing to the spread of the virus in 2019. A few trials, meanwhile, have focused on AKI managed with renal replacement therapy (AKI-RRT). Aim To evaluate the effectiveness of early renal replacement treatment in COVID-19 AKI cases. Patients and methods A total of 100 individuals with AKI and confirmed COVID-19 infection participated in this case–control research. All participants were split into two groups: group A included 50 COVID-19-confirmed diagnosis patients with AKI and group B included 50 COVID-19-confirmed diagnosis patients without AKI. Following ICU admission, we collected laboratory results, physiological parameters, drugs, therapies, and organ support (including RRT), as well as clinical events like mortality. Results Use of invasive ventilation, vasopressor, deep sedation, and RRT was significantly higher in group A. When compared with patients with AKI who did not get RRT, 14 (28%) patients who had RRT were younger, had greater creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels, and experienced oliguria more often. Five patients had at least one session of intermittent hemodialysis, and all patients experienced continuous venovenous hemofiltration. Considering mortality, hospital mortality and 60-day mortality rate were significantly higher in group A. However, there was no substantial variation between the two groups regarding ICU mortality, 28-day mortality, and RRT mortality. Age, baseline creatinine, and effective RRT were the independent predictors linked to 60-day mortality in the multiple logistic regression analysis. Conclusion Patients with AKI who need RRT had a nonsignificantly higher death rate than COVID-19-infected patients without AKI. Age, initial creatinine, and RRT effectiveness were all independent variables linked to 60-day mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Severe acute pain occurs in more than 10% of patients within the first 36 h after a cesarean section and can significantly impact women's satisfaction. The aim of this study was to compare the transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block for postoperative pain relief following cesarean section operations with the most famous analgesia (intrathecal morphine) used for a cesarean section regarding its efficacy and complications. Patients and methods This interventional double-blinded randomized controlled study was carried out on 60 cases, who underwent an elective cesarean delivery. They were randomized into two groups; patients were divided into two equal groups. Group M received intrathecal 150 μg morphine in a 0.5 ml volume, mixed with 10 mg of hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% in a 2 ml volume (total volume 2.5 ml). Group B received intrathecal 10 mg hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% 2 ml volume+0.5 saline (total volume 3 ml) and at the end of surgery the patient received bilateral TAP block with a 20 ml volume of 0.25% bupivacaine on each side. Results Postoperative heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, mean arterial blood pressure, and intraoperative Bromage score were insignificantly different at all-time measurements between both groups. Visual analog score and postoperative Bromage score at 2, 3, and 4 h were higher in group B than group M (P<0.001). Time of rescue analgesia was significantly prolonged in group M than group B (P<0.001). Total paracetamol and morphine doses were significantly lower in group M than group B (P<0.001). Conclusions TAP block is a good alternative technique to intrathecal morphine in reducing postcesarean section pain, with less postoperative nausea and vomiting and pruritus compared with intrathecal morphine (ITM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]