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Vascular anomalies encompass a spectrum of tumors and malformations that can cause significant morbidity and mortality in children and adults. Use of the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) classification system is strongly recommended for consistency. Vascular anomalies can occur in isolation or in association with clinical syndromes that involve complex multifocal lesions affecting different organ systems. Thus, it is critical to be familiar with the differences and similarities among vascular anomalies to guide selection of the appropriate imaging studies and possible interventions. Syndromes associated with simple vascular malformations include hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome, Gorham-Stout disease, and primary lymphedema. Syndromes categorized as vascular malformations associated with other anomalies include Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome, Parkes Weber syndrome, Servelle-Martorell syndrome, Maffucci syndrome, macrocephaly-capillary malformation, CLOVES (

This article attempts to elucidate the female parliamentarian’s role in social and political change in Pakistan by looking at it through the lens of the country’s historical progress. With an emphasis on historical evolution and current situation, the article also discusses social constraints that have made it difficult for women to engage in the political system in the past. Women’s political engagement should be enhanced in the future, and an assessment of these concerns may produce some helpful ideas. In this study article, researchers have examined employing a qualitative research approach which is also called market research method that focuses on acquiring data through open-ended and conversational dialogue. These qualitative research approaches allow for in-depth and additional probing and questioning of respondents based on their responses, where the researchers also seek to understand their purpose and sentiments. The study also finds that Women’s political empowerment across the country is limited by social and cultural standards, as well as by their economic dependency on the male counterparts of their household. Women’s engagement is also limited by low literacy rates and the segregation of men and women in social positions. There will be no meaningful impact on women’s engagement in the public life particularly political life, until there is a progressive adjustment in societal standards, which should begin at the grassroots level and work its way up. For starters, women must be granted greater social and economic autonomy.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Research on menopause in Arab women is limited. The aim of our study was to assess the commonly experienced symptoms of menopause and their severity among Saudi women. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional study conducted at King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Four hundred and ninety healthy women aged 40–55 years and either attending KKUH themselves or accompanying their relatives in outpatient clinics participated in the study. The Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) was used to assess menopausal symptoms and severity. RESULTS: The mean (SD) age of the women in menopause was 47.9 (6.03) years. The most frequent symptoms were muscle and joint problems occurring in 411 women (83.9%), physical and mental exhaustion in 393 (80.2%), heart discomfort in 358 (73.1%), sleeping disorders in 349 (71.2%), hot flashes in 348 (71.0%), and irritability in 348 (71.0%); in addition, 179 (36.5%) of these women experienced severe psychological distress. Perimenopausal women had higher total and subscales scorings for somatic symptoms than did premenopausal and postmenopausal women (P=.008). CONCLUSION: The number of Saudi women reporting hot flashes and night sweats was comparable to the number of Western women. In addition, somatic symptoms were more prevalent among perimenopausal than among premenopausal women.