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Abstract Background Innate immune deficiencies can impair both cellular and humoral immune responses. In contrast, other immune functions may appear normal, leading to increased susceptibility to specific pathogens, such as severe viral infections or Mendelian Susceptibility to Mycobacterial Disease (MSMD). Studying these deficiencies is essential for understanding the pathophysiology of these infectious diseases. Main body While primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) generally cause vulnerability to multiple infections, innate immunodeficiencies increase susceptibility to specific pathogens, despite normal immune responses to others. Patients with these deficiencies show normal immunoglobulins and lymphocyte subpopulations, complicating diagnosis. This review highlights genetic susceptibility to mycobacteria, pneumococci, herpes simplex virus, and candidiasis, emphasizing recognizing this subset of PIDs. Conclusion This review highlights the diverse spectrum of genetic mutations contributing to defects in innate and intrinsic immunity, including Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD), chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, and predispositions to invasive bacterial and viral infections. Identifying key mutations in pathprovideh such as TLR3, IFN signaling, and IL-17A/F immunity provides valuable insights into the pathogenesis of these conditions. Our findings underscore the need for early genetic diagnosis and targeted interventions, particularly in regions with high undiagnosed cases, to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with defects in innate and intrinsic immunity.

Introduction . This study aims to describe the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of Multisysteminflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Methods . A retrospective study encompassing 52 children diagnosed with MIS-C according to the World Health Organization criteria, over a 3-year period at Abderrahim Harrouchi Hospital in Morocco. Results . The median age was 6 years (IQR: 1-14), with a sex ratio of 1.16 (28 boys and 24 girls). Clinical manifestations were predominantly characterized by fever in all cases (100%), respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms in 30 cases (58%) and 23 cases (44%) respectively, and shock in 9 cases (17%). We noted a myocarditis in 6 cases (12%). The treatment comprised intravenous human Immunoglobulin combined with methylprednisolone in all patients (100%). Conclusion . The characteristics of our MIS-C patients were similar to those in the literature, but more studies are needed to confirm these results.

Background: A fundus first laparoscopic cholecystectomy when performed by an experienced surgeon, provides the same level of safety and durability as an open cholecystectomy. When Calot's triangle cannot be safely dissected during laparoscopic cholecystectomy a rescue treatment is advised. Current revisions stress the importance of intraoperative observations in helping surgeons make a rescue decision and minimize additional harm. Objective: To examines the fundus-first strategy in laparoscopic cholecystectomy in an indistinct Calot's triangle and the patient's clinical outcome. Patients and Methods: This is a prospective study that was done in Rizgary Teaching Hospital from January 1st, 2020 to December 31st, 2022, on 68 cases who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy where Calot’s triangle was difficult to distinguish during the operation. Fundus: first dissection of the gall bladder down to the infundibulum and after safe ligation of the gall bladder stump and good hemostasis of the liver bed, the gallbladder is removed via a 10-mm port. This research looked at the duration of operation, postoperative pain, rate of conversion to open surgery and duration of the hospital stay. Results: Among 68 cases of fundus first laparoscopic cholecystectomy most of the patients were female 45(66.17%) and 23(33.82%) were male, majority of cases were between 31 and 50 years old, with a mean age of 39±10.44, and the majority of patients were complaining of inflammation with fibrosis at the site of the cystic duct. The duration of operation ranged from 45-60 minutes in 16(23.52%) and 60-80 minutes in 20(29.41%) cases and 130-140 minutes in 2(2.94%) cases. The majority of our cases remained in the hospital and ambulated on day 3-5, and the main hospital stay was 4.68±1.8 days. There was statistical significance in the age distribution with a P-value 0.04. Conclusion: Fundus first laparoscopic cholecystectomy remains a feasible and safe procedure. Surgeon experience and judgement affects the operative time, conversion rate, morbidity and hospital stay in difficult and obscured Calot’s triangle.

Abstract Background Clostridium perfringens, a common environmental bacterium, is responsible for a variety of serious illnesses including food poisoning, digestive disorders, and soft tissue infections. Mastitis in lactating cattle and sudden death losses in baby calves are major problems for producers raising calves on dairy farms. The pathogenicity of this bacterium is largely mediated by its production of various toxins. Results The study revealed that Among the examined lactating animals with a history of mastitis, diarrheal baby calves, and acute sudden death cases in calves, C. perfringens was isolated in 23.5% (93/395) of the total tested samples. Eighteen isolates were obtained from mastitic milk, 59 from rectal swabs, and 16 from the intestinal contents of dead calves. Most of the recovered C. perfringens isolates (95.6%) were identified as type A by molecular toxinotyping, except for four isolates from sudden death cases (type C). Notably, C. perfringens was recovered in 100% of sudden death cases compared with 32.9% of rectal swabs and 9% of milk samples. This study analyzed the phylogeny of C. perfringens using the plc region and identified the plc region in five Egyptian bovine isolates (milk and fecal origins). Importantly, this finding expands the known data on C. perfringens phospholipase C beyond reference strains in GenBank from various animal and environmental sources. Conclusion Phylogenetic analyses of nucleotide sequence data differentiated between strains of different origins. The plc sequences of Egyptian C. perfringens strains acquired in the present study differed from those reported globally and constituted a distinct genetic ancestor.

ان العتبات مفاتيح تمكن القارئ من فتح مغاليق النص وفك رموزه واستخراج دلالاته للتخلص من الغموض الذي يعتري النص، من هنا تسعى هذه الدراسة الموسومة بــ ( العتبات في شعر سعد علي مهدي مجموعة ما زلتُ أحلم بالندى أنموذجا ) إلى الوقوف على العتبات الخارجية والداخلية التي تكوّنت منها المجموعة الشعرية معتمدين على المنهج السيميائي في دراسة هذه العتبات.

Coarse-grained models describe the macroscopic mean response of a process at large scales, which derives from stochastic processes at small scales. Common examples include accounting for velocity fluctuations in a turbulent fluid flow model and cloud evolution in climate models. Most existing techniques for constructing coarse-grained models feature ill-defined parameters whose values are arbitrarily chosen (e.g., a window size), are narrow in their applicability (e.g., only applicable to time series or spatial data), or cannot readily incorporate physics information. Here, we introduce the concept of physics-guided Gaussian process regression as a machine-learning-based coarse-graining technique that is broadly applicable and amenable to input from known physics-based relationships. Using a pair of case studies derived from molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate the attractive properties and superior performance of physics-guided Gaussian processes for coarse-graining relative to prevalent benchmarks. The key advantage of Gaussian-process-based coarse-graining is its ability to seamlessly integrate data-driven and physics-based information.

Introduction: The global impact of the SARS-CoV-2-induced COVID-19 pandemic has reached Morocco. Early identification of factors contributing to severity is imperative for effective management. There is, however, a notable research gap, as only a limited number of studies have systematically investigated the importance of inflammatory biomarkers in assessing COVID-19 severity in the Moroccan context. No study has included the dosage of IL-6 which represents one of the main inflammatory agents responsible for the inflammatory storm. This study attempts to fill this gap by exploring the role of inflammatory biomarkers in the severity of COVID-19 in Moroccan patients. Material and methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Medical Immunology Laboratory of Ibn Rochd University Hospital in Casablanca, between November 2, 2020, and December 1, 2021. Data on demographic characteristics, underlying comorbidities, and laboratory tests were collected from medical records. The patients were divided into non-severe and severe groups. we performed an assay of il-6 using an automated chemiluminescence. technique. Results: The study analyzed 371 confirmed COVID-19 patients and found that lymphopenia, hyperneutrophilia, increased NLR, CRP, and IL-6 were associated with the severity of COVID-19. Significant positive correlations were found between IL-6 and other immune-inflammatory parameters, including neutrophil count, CRP, and NLR. Conclusion: our study provides evidence that NLR, CRP are potential biomarkers for predicting COVID-19 severity in Moroccans. This finding could help with the early identification of severe cases, which can lead to better management and outcomes.

The emergence of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) networks has sparked a demand for reliable and efficient communication systems. One promising strategy to overcome interference and coverage issues in IIoT setups is leveraging massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology in a cell-free configuration. However, implementing large antenna arrays for such systems can be impractical and expensive, especially in remote or dynamic environments. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have emerged as a versatile solution, including for communication relays. This study investigates the integration of UAV swarms into cell-free massive MIMO systems for IIoT networks. The proposed approach involves deploying a swarm of UAVs equipped with multiple antennas as aerial base stations to serve ground-based IIoT devices. It examines the benefits of employing UAV swarms, such as expanded coverage, better interference management, and increased flexibility. Additionally, it addresses challenges like UAV mobility, resource allocation, and power consumption. To address these challenges, an algorithm for resource allocation is proposed. This algorithm considers factors like UAV mobility, quality-of-service requirements for IIoT devices, and interference among UAVs. It aims to optimize transmit power and antenna selection for each UAV, ensuring QoS satisfaction and enhancing overall system capacity. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm, indicating improvements in system capacity, coverage, and interference management. Moreover, the findings highlight the trade-offs between system performance and power consumption within the UAV swarm. In essence, this study contributes to understanding the potential of utilizing UAV swarms in cell-free massive MIMO systems for IIoT networks. The proposed resource allocation algorithm offers insights for planning and enhancing such nodes, paving the way for further research and development in this promising field.

Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is a rare genodermatosis caused by β-human papillomaviruses (HPV) in immunodeficient patients. EV is characterized by flat warts and pityriasis-like lesions and might be isolated or syndromic, associated with some other infectious manifestations. We report here three patients from two independent families, with syndromic EV for both of them. By whole exome sequencing, we found that the patients carry new homozygous variants in STK4, both leading to a premature stop codon. STK4 deficiency causes a combined immunodeficiency characterized by a broad infectious susceptibility to bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Auto-immune manifestations were also reported. Deep immunophenotyping revealed multiple cytopenia in the three affected patients, in particular deep CD4+ T cells deficiency. We report here the fourth and the fifth cases of the syndromic EV due to STK4 deficiency.

The Iraqi plastic movement began since the first half of the twentieth century, that is, nearly a hundred years ago. It passed through different stages and harbingers that changed its paths and the visions of the artists working from the generations of the last century. Therefore, the problem of tabulating and documenting these experiences and artistic uses that witnessed various political, unanimous and economic fluctuations during The recent decades, which constituted pressing and influencing factors on the human level and on the artistic achievement that expresses the concerns, alienation and suffering of the Iraqi plastic artist, and the loss of an important part of the formal aspect of the artistic image expressing the history and civilization of Iraq and the culture of its people, as well as the loss of much of the documentary aspect of that stage and a painful example of that It is the violation of the Museum of Arts during the American occupation in 2003 AD, and not long ago these pressures formed on the structure of the social and cultural stability of the country, which prompted many artists to migrate outside Iraq, causing the loss of an important part of the link between the generation of pioneers and the generations that follow, including some names The task from this stage is Salah Jiyad, Faisal Laibi, Noman Hadi, Ghassan Faydi, Karim Al-Asadi, Kazem Khalifa, Muhammad Faradi, Ali Fanjan, and others; Although the artistic style of these artists at this stage was clearly influenced by the methods of the pioneers, the impact of alienation and the influence of social culture and the Western environment was evident in those works later, and this does not mean that they left their Iraqi environment at all, but rather you find that their adherence to the civilization of Iraq In their different Sumerian, Babylonian, and Assyrian forms, it is clear with clarity, and evidence can be found for their adherence to their original Iraqi roots, noting the influence of the Western environment on the expressive and formal image of their works, which calls for this paradox for study and analysis. Our research deals with one of the expatriate artists, Noman Hadi, who grew up in a stage in the middle of the history of the plastic movement, a member of the group of academics from the generation of the seventies, and through him we review the following question. What are the stylistic features in Noman Hadi's work?

In this article, we consider an epidemiological model in which we take into account the effects of direct and indirect transmissions. The first mode occurs through direct contact between infectious and susceptible individuals, and the second one will take place through the shedding of virus particles by infectious individuals and their acquisition by susceptible ones. We also study the effect of latency period and time needed for a susceptible person to become infected by indirect transmission mode. By considering the direct and indirect basic reproduction numbers, we define the basic reproduction number R0{R}_{0} of the model, which helps us to analyze the stability of equilibria and bifurcation and determine the most sensitive parameters. In conclusion, some numerical simulations are given to confirm the analytical analysis.

This study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of combining bezafibrate with ginkgo biloba in doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Thirty Wister albino rats were allocated into five groups: The negative control group, the positive control group, both received 1 ml of D.W, bezafibrate group received (100 mg/kg), ginkgo biloba group received (60 mg/kg) and the fifth group received bezafibrate + ginkgo biloba. All the treatments were for 14 days along with doxorubicin on days 11–14 except for the negative control. Blood samples were used for the measurement of ALT, AST, ALP, total protein, total bilirubin, albumin, globulin, GSH, catalase, and IL-6. Liver tissue was sent for histopathological examination. The combination of ginkgo biloba and bezafibrate significantly decreased AST, ALP, AST/ALT ratio, albumin/globulin ratio, and IL-6 with significant elevations of catalase, and GSH. The combination group produced more hepatoprotection. This could be attributed to the additive anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of the combination.