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Objectives: The research sought to examine the antibacterial properties of the conditioned media derived from dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells (DPSC) that were treated with curcumin. Methods: An investigation of the physicochemical characteristics of curcumin nanoparticles was conducted utilizing scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and mapping techniques. The optimal dose of curcumin for treating DPSC cells was determined using the MTT test. The study investigated the antioxidant properties of curcumin on DPSC cells by measuring ROS. Two groups were isolated, one without treatment (control) and the other treated with curcumin. The antibacterial and antifungal properties of the supernatant culture medium of DPSC cells were then investigated. Results: The present study results indicate that curcumin possesses suitable physicochemical properties, including morphology and purity. Additionally, it exhibits no toxicity at doses ranging from 0 to 1.25 (μg/ml) and displays antioxidant properties at the IC50 concentration. Furthermore, it increases DPSCs. The antimicrobial results demonstrate that CM-CUR, at various concentrations, reduces the viability of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and inhibits the growth of Candida albicans (C. albicans) by 85%. Conclusion: The research results indicate that the combination of CM-CUR is suitable for antibacterial and antifungal applications in dentistry to enhance human health.

This study investigated the topological phase transition of InSb and InBi under a non-hydrostatic lattice using density functional theory and the WIEN2K code. The results of examining the band structure of InSb and InBi employing the mBJGGA exchange-correlation potential indicate that InSb is a semiconductor with a small band gap and normal band order at the Γ point. At the same time, InBi is a metal with band inversion at the Brillouin zone center. To transform these compounds into topological semiconductors, the lattice of these compounds is subjected to non-hydrostatic lattice expansion. Non-hydrostatic lattice expansion is applied in two ways. Firstly, the lattice constants are expanded in the ab plane while keeping the lattice constant along the c-axis constant. Then, the lattice constant is expanded along the c-axis while keeping the lattice constant in the ab plane constant. The calculations indicate that under the influence of both types of non-hydrostatic lattice expansion, with the breaking of cubic symmetry, a transition towards topological semiconductors occurs.

Abstract The novel structure of Hg(II) complexes including the pyridinium ylide C5H5NCHC(O)C6H4-m-Br (Y) were synthesized and reported in this study. In the first step, the pyridinium salt C5H5NCH2C(O)C6H4-m-Br (S) was produced by reacting 2,3′-dibromoactophenone and pyridine. then, treatment of S with K2CO3 gave the related pyridinium ylide Y. Finally, the reaction of Y with HgX2 and Hg(NO3)2·H2O leads to the formation of novel binuclear [HgY2][HgX4] (X=Cl (1); X=Br (2); X=I (3)) and polymeric [HgY(NO3)2]n (4) complexes. The structure of complex 2 was also determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The obtained analyses proved the coordination through the ylidic carbon to metallic center. Additionally, Natural Bond Orbital (NBO), Energy Decomposition Analysis (EDA), and EDA-NOCV studies are also used to investigate the nature of metal–ligand bonding in the complexes. Finally, the antibacterial activity of 1–4 was also examined against Gram positive and negative represented significant levels of inhibitory potency respected to used standards.

Abstract Background Horseshoe kidney is the most common renal fusion anomaly, and Wilms tumor is the most frequent renal malignancy in children. The occurrence of Wilms tumor in association with horseshoe kidney is a scarce anomaly. However, the arising of a teratoid type, which is a rare variant of Wilms tumor in a horseshoe kidney, is exceptionally unique. Case presentation This report presents a 5-year-old male admitted with horseshoe kidney involved by a large heterogeneous calcified mass that was diagnose on biopsy as Wilms tumor blastemal dominant. According to the local and regional extension and metastatic tumor in the lungs, the patient underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy and then surgery. Post-operative pathologic findings confirmed the diagnosis of teratoid Wilms tumor. Conclusions The occurrence of renal anomalies associated with a malignancy might be more frequent in the clinical environment. There are numerous differential diagnoses for renal tumors and masses, but the possibility of exceptional anomalies should not be denied, and clinicians should be prepared for these occasions. Although studies propose that chemotherapy has a trivial effect on teratoid Wilms tumors, it is essential to evaluate the tumor for any possibility of regression in non-teratoid regions before proceeding to upfront tumoral resection.

Objective(s): Hyperglycemia, a prevalent metabolic condition observed in diabetes, leads to oxidative damage, inflammatory responses, and other consequences. Natural compounds alleviate the adverse impacts of diabetes. We aimed to explore the effects of alpha-pinene (AP) as a monoterpene on oxidative damage and inflammation caused by high glucose (HG) in the human hepatocellular liver carcinoma (HepG2) cell line. Materials and Methods: The HepG2 cells were subjected to non or HG concentration (50 mM) and treated with or without AP (8, 16, and 32 μg/ml) for 48 hr. The effect of treatments on cellular viability, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and activity of anti-oxidant enzymes, including glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), was determined. The gene expression levels of nuclear factor-κβ (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) were estimated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results: HG exposure significantly increased cell death, MDA formation, and depletion of GSH content and GPx, CAT, and SOD activity (P

Abstract Background Leukemia, a type of blood cell cancer, is categorized by the type of white blood cells affected (lymphocytes or myeloid cells) and disease progression (acute or chronic). In 2020, it ranked 15th among the most diagnosed cancers and 11th in cancer-related deaths globally, with 474,519 new cases and 311,594 deaths (GLOBOCAN2020). Research into leukemia’s development mechanisms may lead to new treatments. Ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs), a family of deubiquitinating enzymes, play critical roles in various biological processes, with both tumor-suppressive and oncogenic functions, though a comprehensive understanding is still needed. Aim This systematic review aimed to provide a comprehensive review of how Ubiquitin-specific proteases are involved in pathogenesis of different types of leukemia. Methods We systematically searched the MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, and Web of Science databases according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PRISMA) to identify relevant studies focusing on the role of USPs in leukemia. Data from selected articles were extracted, synthesized, and organized to present a coherent overview of the subject matter. Results The review highlights the crucial roles of USPs in chromosomal aberrations, cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, DNA repair, and drug resistance. USP activity significantly impacts leukemia progression, inhibition, and chemotherapy sensitivity, suggesting personalized diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Ubiquitin-specific proteases also regulate gene expression, protein stability, complex formation, histone deubiquitination, and protein repositioning in specific leukemia cell types. Conclusion The diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications associated with ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) hold significant promise and the potential to transform leukemia management, ultimately improving patient outcomes.

Abstract Investigation of histopathology slides by pathologists is an indispensable component of the routine diagnosis of cancer. Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy, improve efficiency, and patient outcomes in clinical pathology. However, variations in tissue preparation, staining protocols, and histopathology slide digitization could result in over-fitting of deep learning models when trained on the data from only one center, thereby underscoring the necessity to generalize deep learning networks for multi-center use. Several techniques, including the use of grayscale images, color normalization techniques, and Adversarial Domain Adaptation (ADA) have been suggested to generalize deep learning algorithms, but there are limitations to their effectiveness and discriminability. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) exhibit higher sensitivity to variations in the amplitude spectrum, whereas humans predominantly rely on phase-related components for object recognition. As such, we propose Adversarial fourIer-based Domain Adaptation (AIDA) which applies the advantages of a Fourier transform in adversarial domain adaptation. We conducted a comprehensive examination of subtype classification tasks in four cancers, incorporating cases from multiple medical centers. Specifically, the datasets included multi-center data for 1113 ovarian cancer cases, 247 pleural cancer cases, 422 bladder cancer cases, and 482 breast cancer cases. Our proposed approach significantly improved performance, achieving superior classification results in the target domain, surpassing the baseline, color augmentation and normalization techniques, and ADA. Furthermore, extensive pathologist reviews suggested that our proposed approach, AIDA, successfully identifies known histotype-specific features. This superior performance highlights AIDA’s potential in addressing generalization challenges in deep learning models for multi-center histopathology datasets.

This paper aims to introduce a new model for stock valuation called the ZZ growth model, as well to measure its power compared to the Gordon model in estimating the intrinsic value of stocks. To test the power of the ZZ growth model in determining the fair value of the stocks of companies in the Iranian stock market, after calculating the average growth rate and the required payback period of the companies in the sample and according to their EPSs in the fiscal years 2020-2022, the values of the selected stocks in the mentioned years have been estimated and determined using this model. In the next stage, the Gordon model has been used to determine the values of companies' stocks. Finally, the values estimated using these two models and the deviation of each of them from the average adjusted stock market prices through the Independent Samples T-test, have been compared. The research findings indicate that in each of investigated industries, the ZZ growth model compared to the Gordon model, has been able to estimate the value of stocks with much higher accuracy.

Abstract Endometrial cancer (EC) has four molecular subtypes with strong prognostic value and therapeutic implications. The most common subtype (NSMP; No Specific Molecular Profile) is assigned after exclusion of the defining features of the other three molecular subtypes and includes patients with heterogeneous clinical outcomes. In this study, we employ artificial intelligence (AI)-powered histopathology image analysis to differentiate between p53abn and NSMP EC subtypes and consequently identify a sub-group of NSMP EC patients that has markedly inferior progression-free and disease-specific survival (termed ‘p53abn-like NSMP’), in a discovery cohort of 368 patients and two independent validation cohorts of 290 and 614 from other centers. Shallow whole genome sequencing reveals a higher burden of copy number abnormalities in the ‘p53abn-like NSMP’ group compared to NSMP, suggesting that this group is biologically distinct compared to other NSMP ECs. Our work demonstrates the power of AI to detect prognostically different and otherwise unrecognizable subsets of EC where conventional and standard molecular or pathologic criteria fall short, refining image-based tumor classification. This study’s findings are applicable exclusively to females.

Objectives: The high prevalence of borderline personality disorder, along with comorbid psychiatric disorders and impulsive reactions (suicide attempts, self-mutilation, substance use, and impulsive behaviors) increase the need for effective psychological interventions. In this study, the effectiveness of dialectical behavior skills training based on the Soler method and family education with individual therapies are compared in this group of patients. Methods: In this single-blind case study, eight cases were selected through a targeted sampling method based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The participants were divided into two groups: Intervention individually and individual intervention with family education. Both group members and the family members of the second group received dialectical behavior skills training based on the Soler model. The participants completed the borderline personality inventory, self-harm inventory, and Barratt impulsivity scale in four stages: At the beginning of the sessions, in the middle of the treatment, at the end of the treatment, and three months after treatment. Results: The data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test, Friedman test, and Mann-Whitney U test. The results indicate the effectiveness of the dialectical behavior skills training method based on the Soler model in reducing symptoms of borderline personality disorder and self-mutilation, as well as emotion regulation improvement at the significant level of P=0.05. Discussion: This treatment is recommended as an effective and short-term method for controlling symptoms of borderline personality disorder. Family education, in addition to dialectical behavior therapy, has been shown to have a positive effect on reducing symptoms in patients.

Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) play a fundamental role in angiogenesis. Herein, we introduce digital holographic microscopy (DHM) for the 3D quantitative morphological analysis of HUVECs in extracellular matrix (ECM)-based biomaterials as an angiogenesis model. The combination of volumetric information from DHM and the physicochemical and cytobiocompatibility data provided by fluorescence microscopy and cytology offers a comprehensive understanding of the angiogenesis-related parameters of HUVECs within the ECM. DHM enables label-free, non-contact, and non-invasive 3D monitoring of living samples in real time, in a quantitative manner. In this study, the human amniotic membrane (HAM) is decellularized, pulverized, and combined with sodium alginate hydrogel to provide an in vitro substrate for modeling HUVEC angiogenesis. Our results demonstrate that modifying alginate hydrogel with HAM enhances its biofunctionality due to the presence of ECM components. Moreover, the DHM results reveal an increase in its porous properties, which, in turn, aids in interpreting the tubulation results.

IntroductionDuring the last decade, there has been a significant rise in the use of therapeutic antibodies or passive immunotherapy for treating various conditions like inflammation and cancer. However, these proteins face challenges reaching the brain and often require specialized delivery methods such as single-domain antibodies (sdAbs). Traditional antibodies struggle to efficiently cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), hindering their effectiveness. Receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT) offers a promising pathway for transporting large molecules essential for brain function and treatment across the BBB.MethodsSdAbs and peptide ligands with an affinity for RMT receptors are commonly employed to enhance the transport of biotherapeutics compounds across the BBB. This research used a sdAbs phage-displayed library from 13 camelus dromedarius samples to identify sdABs that specifically bind to and are internalized by human BBB endothelial cells (ECs) through in vivo panning.Results and discussionOne sdAb, defined as FB24, was isolated, sequenced, translated into an open reading frame (ORF), and subjected to three-dimensional (3D) modeling. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were carried out by the HADDOCK web server and GROMACS, respectively, to evaluate the interaction between FB24 and EC receptors in silico. The docking results revealed that FB24 exhibited binding activity against potential EC receptors with −1.7 to −2.7 ranged z score and maintained a stable structure. The docked complex of FB24-RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products, also known as advanced glycation end product receptor [AGER]) showed 18 hydrogen bonds and 213 non-bonded contacts. It was chosen for further analysis by molecular dynamics simulations by GROMACS. This complex showed a stable condition, and its root mean square deviation (RMSD) was 0.218 nm. The results suggest that FB24 could serve as a suitable carrier vector for transporting therapeutic and diagnostic agents across the BBB to the brain through a non-invasive route.

The over-exploitation of groundwater resources (GWR) by the agricultural sector in Lorestan province in the west of Iran has been blamed for the severe depletion of groundwater and irreparable damages to them in this province. This problem partially originates from poor institutional interactions between groundwater institutions especially, their technical and financial interactive links. In this regard, a prerequisite is to study the interactions of the institutions, identify stakeholder institutions, categorize them, and then, study their interactive links. The process of identifying, categorizing, and studying the links of these institutions can be performed by the stakeholder analysis (SA) method. Therefore, based on this method the groundwater institutions related to agricultural sector of Lorestan province were identified, they were categorized according to the interest-power matrix, and their (technical and financial) interactive links were investigated by the social network analysis (SNA) method. Based on the results, 25 institutions were identified as groundwater institutions related to agricultural sector of Lorestan province. According to the interest- power matrix, the institutions located in the two upper categories, i.e, Key Players and Subjects, are the most important groundwater institutions related to agricultural sector of this province. The SNA shows that the institutions have, in general, poor technical and financial interactions and most technical and financial interaction links are the disposal of some limited institutions, which are mostly from the public sector. Policymaking experts have so far identified institutions related to groundwater resources management (GWRM) by relying on their limited information and subjective experience. In this regard, SA method is a comprehensive method to identify relevant institutions, categorize them, and study their interaction links. This study might have significant policy implications for groundwater management concerns in western Iran and the arid and semi-arid regions of the Middle East. The results of this study not only helps policy makers in decisions related to GWRM but also in the analysis and policy-making related to it.

Abstract Background Multiple studies have provided evidence of suboptimal or poor immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell therapy compared to healthy individuals. Given the dynamic nature of SARS-CoV2, characterized by the emergence of many viral variations throughout the general population, there is ongoing discussion regarding the optimal quantity and frequency of additional doses required to sustain protection against SARS-CoV2 especially in this susceptible population. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the immune responses of HSCT and CAR-T cell therapy recipients to additional doses of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Methods Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, the study involved a comprehensive search across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, Embase, and Cochrane Biorxiv and medRxiv, focusing on the serological responses to the third and fourth vaccine doses in HSCT and CAR-T cell patients. Results This study included 32 papers, with 31 qualifying for the meta-analysis. Results showed that after the third dose, the seroconversion rate in HSCT and CAR-T cell therapy recipients who didn’t respond to the second dose was 46.10 and 17.26%, respectively. Following the fourth dose, HSCT patients had a seroconversion rate of 27.23%. Moreover, post-third-dose seropositivity rates were 87.14% for HSCT and 32.96% for CAR-T cell therapy recipients. Additionally, the seropositive response to the fourth dose in the HSCT group was 90.04%. Conclusion While a significant portion of HSCT recipients developed antibodies after additional vaccinations, only a minority of CAR-T cell therapy patients showed a similar response. This suggests that alternative vaccination strategies are needed to protect these vulnerable groups effectively. Moreover, few studies have reported cellular responses to additional SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations in these patients. Further studies evaluating cellular responses are required to determine a more precise assessment of immunogenicity strength against SARS-CoV-2 after additional doses.

Study Design This was a retrospective study. Purpose This study aimed to assess the value of the Spinal Infection Treatment Evaluation (SITE) score, Brighton Spondylodiscitis Score (BSDS), and Pola classification to predict the need for surgical intervention in patients with spondylodiscitis. Overview of Literature Spondylodiscitis is a rare disease, and the prediction of its outcome is crucial in the decision-making process. Methods All case records were assessed to extract information on the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and Japanese Orthopedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire (JOABPEQ) scores before and after surgery. The SITE score, Pola classification, and BSDS were recorded. The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and the area under the curve (AUC) were applied to estimate the predictive ability of the scoring systems. Patients’ satisfaction with surgery outcomes was evaluated using the VAS, ASIA, JOABPEQ, and Likert scale for quality-of-life evaluation. Results In all 148 patients, case records were reviewed. The mean±standard deviation age of the patients was 54.6±14.7 years. Of these, 112 patients underwent surgery. The AUC scores were 0.86, 0.81, and 0.73 for the SITE score, BSDS, and Pola classification, respectively. In the comparison of the AUC of ROC curves, SITE score vs. BSDS showed a significantly greater AUC, 0.13 (Z=2.1, p=0.037); SITE score vs. Pola classification, 0.05 (Z=0.82, p=0.412); and Pola classification vs. BSDS, 0.08 (Z=1.22, p=0.219). The optimal cutoff score was 8.5 (sensitivity, 80.6%; specificity, 81.2%) for the SITE score and 9.5 (sensitivity, 52.8%; specificity, 83.0%) for the BSDS in the decision to surgery. VAS back pain and JOABPEQ subscales showed a significant difference when compared with preoperative scores. According to ASIA grading, none of the patients experienced neurological deterioration. Overall, patients’ satisfaction was observed. Conclusions The findings suggest that the SITE score is a useful measure and helps clinicians make clinically sound decisions in patients with spondylodiscitis.

Objectives: Music therapy has been recognized as an effective treatment for various conditions, including psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia. Given the limited number of studies on music therapy and its effects on schizophrenia in Iran, and the importance of incorporating multi-modal treatment approaches for this disorder, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of music therapy on the positive and negative symptoms and overall functioning of chronically schizophrenic patients. Methods: A pre-post clinical trial was conducted in 2021 at the Parham Care Center in Kashan, involving 43 patients with chronic schizophrenia diagnosed based on DSM-V criteria. Patients underwent three sessions of music therapy per week for six months. Assessment tools included the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), and Global Assessment Function (GAF) scale administered before and after the intervention. Results: Following music therapy, there was a significant decrease in overall scores and subscales as measured by PANSS and BPRS (P

AbstractThe present study examines and describes the process of stance-taking and engagement in the arbitration theories related to the family court grounded on Hyland’s (2008) approach to voice and stance-taking. In divorce cases, the judge asks each of the parties (wife/husband) to nominate an arbitrator who is supposed to present the result of his/her considerations on each of the parties to the judge in terms of a theory. In this research, 36 arbitration theories were selected for discussion and analysis. Eighteen theories are related to the arbitrators selected by the parties, which are non-specialist theories, and eighteen cases are related to the theory of court-selected arbitrators, which are called specialized theories. After examining the data based on quantitative and qualitative approaches, it was found that stance markers and (to a lesser extent) engagement markers have a pivotal role in the formation of the discourse of arbitration theory. This goes to the extent that for every 59.26 words in the corpus, there is one stance and engagement marker. Likewise, the comparison of specialized and non-specialized theories shows that specialized theories have more descriptive and explanatory sufficiency.Keywords: Arbitration theory; Engagement; Family court; Judicial discourse Analysis; Stance. IntroductionStance markers can be considered as one of the most influential discursive-linguistic media through which subjects can choose to represent their views in different contexts. For instance, judicial and trial context is included in cases and contexts where taking a stance, as a discursive act, can play a significant role in the evaluation, interpretation and judgment of a discursive and/or non-discursive events. Although stance-taking has been studied in a wide range of discourses (Abdi, 2010; Biber, 2006; Hyland, 2005, 2008), the study of its various strategies and functions in judicial discourse has not received much attention and it is of undeniable importance. The reason for this importance is that in judicial discourse, taking a stance in relation to an issue plays a key role in arranging and structuring arguments and perceptions to attract the opinion of judges. Therefore, in this research, we intend to examine the phenomenon mentioned in the arbitration reports in family cases. In cases where couples refer to the family court for divorce, the court refers the issue to the arbitrator to create peace and compromise between them and finally issues a decision based on the arbitrators' point of view. In this connection, the Article 28 of the Family Protection Law states that “after the issuance of the order to refer the matter to arbitration, each of the parties is obliged to introduce one of their relatives as an arbitrator to the civil court within one week from the date of notification.is the arbitrator should be at least thirty years old, male, married and familiar with Sharia, family and social issues.” Addressing the divorce matter to arbitration process, from appointing an arbitrator to announcing his opinion to the court, is a time-consuming process, and it also imposes costs on people. On this account, whether such theories can be effective and functional recognizing the necessity of long stages during the judicial process is an enquiry that has to be taken into account. Furthermore, insofar as the arbitration has to be impartial and unbiased, the central puzzle to be resolved is that how one can depend on the impartiality of the theories submitted to the judge give the fact that the arbitrators are introduced by the divorce parties? To put it differently, it is of indubitable importance to ask whether family ties and relations will influence evaluations and theories? Considering issues as such can validate the importance and necessity of the current research. Based on the material presented in the current research, we will investigate taking a stance in arbitration opinions. To this end, we will employ Hyland’s approach (2008) to stance-taking engagement. Therefore, this research aims to provide justifiable answer the following queries:What, discursive strategies and linguistic tools are constitutive of stance-taking and engagement?What is the frequency of linguistic tools and discursive strategies of stance-taking and engagement in arbitration reports? Materials and methodsThe corpus of the present research consists of 36 arbitration theories extracted from the divorce cases of the family court of Doroud, a city in court of Doroud (a city in Lorestan Province) After examining 86 cases, we opted eighteen expert and non-expert theories of arbitration for analysis. The total number of words in the corpus is 7391. The present research examines and analyzes the data with a descriptive and analytical approach based on quantitative and qualitative components. For the qualitative aspect, we recruited Hyland's (2008) approach to stance-taking and engagement. Concerning the quantitative aspect, we used the Antconc (3.5.8) concordance software and statistical analysis. In so doing, through the Antconc software, we obtained the frequency of the words in the corpus. In the next step, based on Hyland's (2008) proposed tools to study stance and engagement items and instances, we classified them according to the research objectives. We also used statistical analysis to obtain the raw frequency and measure the frequency of the desired components in the scale of 1000 words. It is worth mentioning that during the rewriting of the reports, all the personal information of the referees, feuding parties (wife/ husband), have been changed in order to protect the parties’ private information. Discussion and conclusionsFor the quantitative examination of our data, first, the interaction indicators were studied in the form of raw frequency and then in the scale of 1000 words. The findings indicate that arbitrators have used (381) stance and (57) engagement elements in their arbitration reports in their interaction with the addressee (judge). The frequency of interaction elements in the whole corpus is (438) and the frequency in the scale of 1000 words also shows that for every (59/62) words, a stance and engagement marker is used, which means that the interaction elements (both stance markers and engagement markers) form an important part of the discourse of arbitration theories. Table 1- Frequency of stance markers in arbitration reports (total 7391words).frequency in 1000 wordsraw frequencystance markers11/7787hedges13/3999boosters11/5085attitude markers14/88110self-mention51/54381total Table 2- Frequency of engagement markers in arbitration reports (total 7391words).frequency in 1000 wordsraw frequencyengagement markers4/8736reader mention00asides2/8421Shared knowledge00directives00questions7/7157total As it can be seen in table (1), among the characteristics related to stance-taking, self-mention elements and attitude markers respectively have the highest and lowest occurrence rates in the corpus.Examining the frequency of each of the linguistic elements of stance and engagement confirms that the elements of self-mention and attitude markers have the highest and lowest occurrence rates among the types of ways of expressing stance, respectively. Self-mention is a strategy that the author relies on to highlight his presence in the text, and it is observed in the corpus of the present research in the form of personal pronouns and present identifiers of the first person singular (and sometimes plural). The reason why this indicator is used more than other indicators is that in the theories of arbitration, the arbitrator tries to reflect the actions taken towards couples in order to create a compromise between them in his theory based on the responsibility assigned to him by the judge. This way also validates the result of his arbitration. All stance markers, including the use of the first-person pronoun, are tools for persuading the addressee (judge). Regarding the attitude markers, it should be said that the relatively low frequency of this type of markers in comparison with other markers is due to the fact that sometimes it is not possible to have a clear and decisive boundary between the types of markers, because for example, a linguistic structure may in a context show a positive attitude and, in another context, it expresses a negative attitude. For example, the use of reporting speech in scientific genres can increase the validity and accuracy of the author's statements, while in the theories of judgment, they are considered a form of doubt and indirectly show the author's uncertainty about the statements made. In the corpus of the current research, the frequency of positive markers was summarized in only three cases, the reason for which is the specific discourse of these theories, because the arbitrator’s opinion is usually considered when the probability of compromise between couples is low. The negative attitudes in all the reports have three main purposes: targeting the character of the couples, the consequences of not issuing a divorce decree, and announcing the arbitrator’s personal opinion. Regarding engagement markers in the corpus, we can only consider two types of reader pronouns and shared knowledge, because other engagement strategies such as questions, directives, and asides are considered to be a kind of face threatening linguistic actions, in such a way that they do not consider the position and face of the judge as a powerful participant.

PurposeWe aimed to estimate the level and trend of plasma cholesterol and raised total cholesterol (TC > 200 mg/dl) prevalence at national and subnational level of Iran.MethodsNine national surveys and 27 studies, encompassing 3,505 unique points on over 500,000 adults, aged > 25 years with a report of laboratory measurement of TC were found. Age-spatio-temporal model and Gaussian Process Regression were used to estimate mean TC for each sex, 5-year age groups, and 31 provinces from 1990 to 2016.ResultsAt national level, age-standardized prevalence of TC > 200 mg/dL has decreased from 57·2%(53·3-61·1) to 22·4%(20·5-24·3) in women and 53·2%(49·1-57·3) to 18·0%(16·4-19·6) in men. TC distribution presented a condensation between 170-200 mg/dL. At subnational level, decreasing and converging patterns of raised TC prevalence were detected.ConclusionThe decrease in raised TC is likely the result of statin widespread use, food industry improvements, and the expanded primary health care.Supplementary informationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-022-01052-w.

Regional justice, disenfranchisement and sustainable development and reducing the gap between the rich and the poor were among the ideals of the Islamic Revolution, which, despite significant progress, are still considered important issues in the society. The current research studies the dimensions of the development of the deprived areas of the country and based on the dimensions of sustainable regional development and the participation of policy makers of the development of deprived areas and regional development planners, the causal relationships of the development of the region with regard to economic, social and environmental sustainability has identified. In the following, taking into account the causal relationships of the sustainable development of deprived areas, the dynamic model of Delfan's deprived area system has been designed and simulated in a ten-year horizon using the data and the participation of the policy makers of deprivation and regional development. According to the results of sensitivity analysis of the model as well as regional sustainable development policies and development plans and feasibility studies of regional development projects with the participation of experts with regard to the economic sustainability strategies of the deprived Delfan region. social sustainability and environmental sustainability policies were identified. Economic sustainability in two categories of civil and infrastructure development policies and economic policies and investment in agriculture sectors, tourism services and industry and mining; Social sustainability policies in the four categories of policies to improve the level of public awareness, empowerment of entrepreneurship development, community-oriented empowerment and encouraging policies for the development of entrepreneurship and environmental sustainability policies also in the three categories of policies of adherence to environmental requirements, resource sustainability Water and soil resource stability were identified. Further, in line with the realization of each of the policies, the budget required for the implementation of the policies in the form of regional development plans and projects is estimated with the participation of the regional deprivation removal policy makers and by applying the strategies separately; The results of the behavior of the main variables of the model were examined and compared. In the following, considering the limitation of financial resources and the results of separate implementation of development strategies, an attempt was made to present a combination of selected sustainable development and deprivation policies for the deprived area of Delfan. The implementation of selected policies shows that by spending financial resources of about 6 thousand billion Rials in the region over three years by the institution of deprivation removal and the participation of the provincial executive bodies in the development of the infrastructure of the region and the participation of the private sector in the development Economical; The increasing trend of urban and rural poverty will be reduced by maintaining arable lands, pastures and forests after a five-year delay, and the effects of poverty and deprivation will be permanently removed in the region. The increasing trend of urban and rural poverty will be reduced by maintaining arable lands, pastures and forests after a five-year delay, and the effects of poverty and deprivation will be permanently removed in the region.