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Background: Whether elderly patients with aortic root or ascending aortic aneurysm (ATAA) would benefit from the new surgical size threshold of 5.0 cm is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the natural history of ATAA in elderly patients and to compare long-term outcomes of those who underwent initial surveillance versus surgery. Methods: Patients age ≥75 years with an ATAA ≥40 mm were categorized into 2 groups: initial surgery and initial surveillance. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality; Kaplan-Meier curves were plotted for survival. A multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to identify independent predictors of long-term mortality. Results: The study series comprised 300 patients, including 58 who underwent initial surgery and 242 who received surveillance between July 2010 and September 2022. In the surveillance cohort, the mean aneurysm growth rate was 0.10 cm/year. Comparing surveillance to surgery, at 8 years there was no difference in survival (mean, 77.8 ± 3.4% vs 71.8 ± 9.6%; P = .65). For 116 patients with an initial aneurysm diameter ≥5.0 cm, there was no difference in survival between the 2 groups at 8 years (76.5 ± 7.0% vs 68.4 ± 11.3%; P = .20). Larger body surface area (hazard ratio [HR], 1.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09-1.90; P = .01) and history of smoking (HR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.27-3.98; P = .01) were identified as predictors of long-term mortality. Conclusions: In our series of elderly patients with ATAA, there was no difference in 8-year survival between initial surveillance and surgical management, with a high competing risk of nonaortic mortality. Surveillance may be a reasonable alternative to surgery for selected older adults with ATAA

BACKGROUND: The mission of the emergency department involves addressing the needs of patients and their families. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the needs of patients' families and their relationship with the empathy of nurses working in inpatient emergency departments of hospitals affiliated with the Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted from January to September 2022, utilizing convenience sampling, with 427 hospitalized patients from the emergency departments of Kowsar, Towhid, and Besat hospitals. Data was collected by administering two questionnaires: the Critical Care Family Needs Inventory (CCFNI-ED) and the Barrett-Lennard Relationship Inventory (BLRI). To explore the relationships between variables, statistical tests, including Fisher's exact test, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and chi-square test, were employed based on the nature of the dependent variable. Data analysis was performed using STATA software. RESULTS: The results of this study revealed high patient family needs (average score: 114.42) and moderate nurse empathy levels (mean ± SD = 4.73 ± 0.54). Significant associations were observed between the needs of patients’ families and certain demographic variables (e.g., age, gender) (P > 0.05). Additionally, empathy levels correlated significantly with the gender, care duration, and history of the patients’ family (P > 0.05). However, no significant relationship was found between empathy levels and family needs (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of this study revealed high levels of needs of patients' families and a moderate level of empathy among nurses. Therefore, to enhance the quality of care in the emergency department, nurses should address the needs of patients' families and improve their empathy levels with them in inpatient emergency settings.

Objectives: The research sought to examine the antibacterial properties of the conditioned media derived from dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells (DPSC) that were treated with curcumin. Methods: An investigation of the physicochemical characteristics of curcumin nanoparticles was conducted utilizing scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and mapping techniques. The optimal dose of curcumin for treating DPSC cells was determined using the MTT test. The study investigated the antioxidant properties of curcumin on DPSC cells by measuring ROS. Two groups were isolated, one without treatment (control) and the other treated with curcumin. The antibacterial and antifungal properties of the supernatant culture medium of DPSC cells were then investigated. Results: The present study results indicate that curcumin possesses suitable physicochemical properties, including morphology and purity. Additionally, it exhibits no toxicity at doses ranging from 0 to 1.25 (μg/ml) and displays antioxidant properties at the IC50 concentration. Furthermore, it increases DPSCs. The antimicrobial results demonstrate that CM-CUR, at various concentrations, reduces the viability of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and inhibits the growth of Candida albicans (C. albicans) by 85%. Conclusion: The research results indicate that the combination of CM-CUR is suitable for antibacterial and antifungal applications in dentistry to enhance human health.

In this study, the experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design to discover the diversity among 300 Ali Kazemi rice populations from three provinces (ten populations) in the north of Iran using SPSS, Past, Graph Pad, and Excel software. The studies were conducted based on 30 morphological traits. Quantitative traits, like panicle traits, grain length, 100-grain weight, and number of spikelets, demonstrated high variation between populations. Cluster and ordination analyses were performed on morphological characters. The cluster analysis made it possible to divide the Ali Kazemi rice into three sub-clusters of different geographical regions, showing this local variety’s adaptability to the environment. Of the three populations, Guilan appeared to be more variable than the Qazvin and Zanjan, as variability was observed among populations for some characters, such as awn length, number of spikelets, blade length, and panicle traits between populations. GLN01 had the highest average plant height (1185.60 mm). The populations of Guilan also had the longest leaf blade and stem length. The highest value for grain size was also recorded from the Guilan populations. For the ten Ali Kazemi rice populations, the ordinal analysis revealed the traits that cause the greatest variation between populations. Highly significant correlations were found between awn length and traits such as grain length (r= 0.395), panicle length (r= 0.477), panicle weight (r= 0.349), and 100-grain weight (r= 0.440). The highest correlation was between the number of spikelets and some traits, such as plant height, leaf length, culm outer diameter, number of tillers, and panicle traits, indicating that a selection advantage for panicle traits occurs mainly for quantitative traits. Overall, the data collected in the present study could have valuable implications for improving Ali Kazemi rice cultivars in farmers' fields.

This study investigated the topological phase transition of InSb and InBi under a non-hydrostatic lattice using density functional theory and the WIEN2K code. The results of examining the band structure of InSb and InBi employing the mBJGGA exchange-correlation potential indicate that InSb is a semiconductor with a small band gap and normal band order at the Γ point. At the same time, InBi is a metal with band inversion at the Brillouin zone center. To transform these compounds into topological semiconductors, the lattice of these compounds is subjected to non-hydrostatic lattice expansion. Non-hydrostatic lattice expansion is applied in two ways. Firstly, the lattice constants are expanded in the ab plane while keeping the lattice constant along the c-axis constant. Then, the lattice constant is expanded along the c-axis while keeping the lattice constant in the ab plane constant. The calculations indicate that under the influence of both types of non-hydrostatic lattice expansion, with the breaking of cubic symmetry, a transition towards topological semiconductors occurs.

Early diagnosis of brain tumors is often hindered by non-specific symptoms, particularly in eloquent brain regions where open surgery for tissue sampling is unfeasible. This limitation increases the risk of misdiagnosis due to tumor heterogeneity in stereotactic biopsies. Label-free diagnostic methods, including intraoperative probes and cellular origin analysis techniques, hold promise for improving diagnostic accuracy. Polarimetry offers valuable information on the polarization properties of biomedical samples, yet it may not fully reveal specific structural characteristics. The interpretative scope of polarimetric data is sometimes constrained by the limitations of existing decomposition methods. On the other hand, dynamic laser speckle analysis (DLSA), a burgeoning technique, not only does not account for the polarimetric attributes but also is known for tracking only the temporal activity of the dynamic samples. This study bridges these gaps by synergizing conventional polarimetric imaging with DLSA for an in-depth examination of sample polarization properties. The effectiveness of our system is shown by analyzing the collection of polarimetric images of various tissue samples, utilizing a variety of adapted numerical and graphical statistical post-processing methods.

Objective(s): Hyperglycemia, a prevalent metabolic condition observed in diabetes, leads to oxidative damage, inflammatory responses, and other consequences. Natural compounds alleviate the adverse impacts of diabetes. We aimed to explore the effects of alpha-pinene (AP) as a monoterpene on oxidative damage and inflammation caused by high glucose (HG) in the human hepatocellular liver carcinoma (HepG2) cell line. Materials and Methods: The HepG2 cells were subjected to non or HG concentration (50 mM) and treated with or without AP (8, 16, and 32 μg/ml) for 48 hr. The effect of treatments on cellular viability, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and activity of anti-oxidant enzymes, including glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), was determined. The gene expression levels of nuclear factor-κβ (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) were estimated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results: HG exposure significantly increased cell death, MDA formation, and depletion of GSH content and GPx, CAT, and SOD activity (P

Abstract Investigation of histopathology slides by pathologists is an indispensable component of the routine diagnosis of cancer. Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy, improve efficiency, and patient outcomes in clinical pathology. However, variations in tissue preparation, staining protocols, and histopathology slide digitization could result in over-fitting of deep learning models when trained on the data from only one center, thereby underscoring the necessity to generalize deep learning networks for multi-center use. Several techniques, including the use of grayscale images, color normalization techniques, and Adversarial Domain Adaptation (ADA) have been suggested to generalize deep learning algorithms, but there are limitations to their effectiveness and discriminability. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) exhibit higher sensitivity to variations in the amplitude spectrum, whereas humans predominantly rely on phase-related components for object recognition. As such, we propose Adversarial fourIer-based Domain Adaptation (AIDA) which applies the advantages of a Fourier transform in adversarial domain adaptation. We conducted a comprehensive examination of subtype classification tasks in four cancers, incorporating cases from multiple medical centers. Specifically, the datasets included multi-center data for 1113 ovarian cancer cases, 247 pleural cancer cases, 422 bladder cancer cases, and 482 breast cancer cases. Our proposed approach significantly improved performance, achieving superior classification results in the target domain, surpassing the baseline, color augmentation and normalization techniques, and ADA. Furthermore, extensive pathologist reviews suggested that our proposed approach, AIDA, successfully identifies known histotype-specific features. This superior performance highlights AIDA’s potential in addressing generalization challenges in deep learning models for multi-center histopathology datasets.

Abstract:Problem Statement: Selmas City situated in West Azerbaijan province at coordinates 38° 12ʹ north and 44° 46ʹ and 40ʺ east experienced a significant earthquake almost a century ago. On Tuesday night or Wednesday morning, May 17, 1930, the city was struck by a powerful earthquake measuring M=7.4 on the Richter scale and 2.7 on the Geophysics Institute scale. This earthquake stood as one of the most devastating seismic events in the history of Azerbaijan and the broader Middle East region up until that time. The year 1930 became synonymous with seismic activity, earning the name "Selmas" in the annals of seismology. Objective: This research aimed to investigate and examine the impact of the May 1309 earthquake on the human geography, as well as the historical and ancient structures of Selmas City and its surrounding region. Methodology: This study adopted a fundamental research approach, employing a descriptive and analytical methodology. It relied on primary sources, such as documents, libraries, and field studies encompassing geology and earthquakes. Results: The findings of this research revealed that the Selmas earthquake had led to the destruction of Dilmaqan City and approximately 60 villages within Selmas Plain and its vicinity. The extent of the damage extended from Selmas Plain to Qatur, Khoy, and Upper Zab Regions in Turkey. Alongside the loss of 2,500 to 4,000 lives, this earthquake had caused substantial damage to numerous historical and ancient structures throughout the entire Selmas Region.Keywords: Selmas, Azerbaijan, Historical Building, Earthquake. Introduction:Nearly a century ago, on May 16, 1930, the city of Selmas experienced an earthquake measuring M=5.5 at 10:00 in the morning. This initial earthquake resulted in the destruction of several villages and caused damage to the roofs and walls of rural houses. However, the most significant event occurred later that night, marking the main earthquake. At midnight on Tuesday or the morning of Wednesday, May 17, 1930, a powerful earthquake measuring M=7.4 struck Selmas, leading to the catastrophic destruction of the city and the majority of its surrounding villages. This earthquake stood as one of the most devastating seismic events in the Azerbaijan region, resulting in the complete devastation of Dilmaqan City and approximately 60 villages within Selmas Plain and its periphery. The human casualties of this earthquake ranged between 2,500 and 4,000 lives lost. The impact was not limited to human life as numerous ancient and historical structures in Selmas fell victim to the disaster. The 4-meter wall of Dilmaqan City, mosques, Christian churches, the medieval minarets of Mirkhatun in the old city, and many old bridges were among the structures destroyed. The earthquake caused significant changes in the natural, human, and historical geography of Selmas Region. Materials & Methods:The methodology employed in this study was based on both descriptive and analytical methods, drawing upon primary sources, such as historical and geographical texts, official reports, accounts from local residents, and field studies encompassing geology and earthquakes. Research Findings:The findings presented in this research were derived from a comprehensive review of historical literature and localized investigations. The significant and devastating earthquake that struck Selmas in the year 1309 stood out as one of the most destructive seismic events in Azerbaijan Region. Occurring 15 hours after the initial pre-earthquake tremor, the main earthquake took place at midnight on Tuesday or the morning of Wednesday, May 17. Its impact resulted in the complete destruction of Dilmaqan City and approximately 60 surrounding villages within Selmas Plain and the adjacent areas. The extent of devastation extended from Selmas Plain to the village of Qatur and the Upper Zab Road in Turkey, leading to the tragic loss of 2,500 to 4,000 lives in Selmas. This article delved into the examination of the morphological changes and transformations caused by Selmas Earthquake, as well as the extent of damage inflicted upon ancient monuments in Selmas Region. Discussion of Results & Conclusion:The period following the Safavid era was marked by instability, resulting in a scarcity of significant archaeological monuments in Selmas Area. If any structures existed, they were likely constructed during the Qajar era, but unfortunately, they were largely destroyed in the aftermath of the First World War. Analysis of the ancient remnants in Selmas indicated that the structures situated in mountainous regions, such as ancient castles and Urartoi crypts, or those constructed using stone exhibited relatively good resistance against the powerful Selmas earthquake with a magnitude of 7.2. However, all the structures made of clay and other similar materials vanished.The Selmas earthquake of such magnitude brought about significant changes to the tectonic, seismotectonic, and geomorphological aspects of Selmas Region and the enduring impact of these changes is evident to this day. Notable transformations included the destruction of urban infrastructure, damage to residential areas, formation of earthquake faults and land fissures, hill collapses, landslides within the region, fluctuations in the water level of Lake Urmia accompanied by violent waves, alterations in the water level of wells, and emergence of water springs (Bolaghi Earthquake).Approximately two weeks after the city's devastation, a new city was established one kilometer away from the ruins of the earthquake-stricken city in the present location of Selmas. This new city was meticulously designed with proper urban planning and engineering, following a grid pattern. Today, little remains of the ruins of the earthquake-stricken city as they have been repurposed for agricultural and residential use.

Objectives: The high prevalence of borderline personality disorder, along with comorbid psychiatric disorders and impulsive reactions (suicide attempts, self-mutilation, substance use, and impulsive behaviors) increase the need for effective psychological interventions. In this study, the effectiveness of dialectical behavior skills training based on the Soler method and family education with individual therapies are compared in this group of patients. Methods: In this single-blind case study, eight cases were selected through a targeted sampling method based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The participants were divided into two groups: Intervention individually and individual intervention with family education. Both group members and the family members of the second group received dialectical behavior skills training based on the Soler model. The participants completed the borderline personality inventory, self-harm inventory, and Barratt impulsivity scale in four stages: At the beginning of the sessions, in the middle of the treatment, at the end of the treatment, and three months after treatment. Results: The data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test, Friedman test, and Mann-Whitney U test. The results indicate the effectiveness of the dialectical behavior skills training method based on the Soler model in reducing symptoms of borderline personality disorder and self-mutilation, as well as emotion regulation improvement at the significant level of P=0.05. Discussion: This treatment is recommended as an effective and short-term method for controlling symptoms of borderline personality disorder. Family education, in addition to dialectical behavior therapy, has been shown to have a positive effect on reducing symptoms in patients.

This paper aims to introduce a new model for stock valuation called the ZZ growth model, as well to measure its power compared to the Gordon model in estimating the intrinsic value of stocks. To test the power of the ZZ growth model in determining the fair value of the stocks of companies in the Iranian stock market, after calculating the average growth rate and the required payback period of the companies in the sample and according to their EPSs in the fiscal years 2020-2022, the values of the selected stocks in the mentioned years have been estimated and determined using this model. In the next stage, the Gordon model has been used to determine the values of companies' stocks. Finally, the values estimated using these two models and the deviation of each of them from the average adjusted stock market prices through the Independent Samples T-test, have been compared. The research findings indicate that in each of investigated industries, the ZZ growth model compared to the Gordon model, has been able to estimate the value of stocks with much higher accuracy.

BackgroundUbiquitin-specific peptidases (USPs), also known as deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), play a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by selectively removing ubiquitin molecules from targeted proteins. This process affects protein stability, subcellular localization, and activity, thereby influencing processes such as DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis. Abnormal USP activities have been linked to various diseases, including cancer. Emerging evidence in lymphoma studies highlights the significance of USPs in controlling signaling pathways related to cancer initiation and progression and presents them as potential therapeutic targets.AimThis study aimed to elucidate the multifaceted roles of USPs in lymphoma.MethodsThis systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Articles published in English up to May 2023 were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. The inclusion criteria focused on studies investigating the role of USPs in lymphoma cancer, involving human subjects or relevant lymphoma cell lines, exploring molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways, and assessing diagnostic or prognostic value.ResultsAfter the selection process, 23 studies were selected for analysis. USPs were found to affect various aspects of lymphoma development and progression. Specific USPs were identified with roles in cell-cycle regulation, apoptosis modulation, drug resistance, DNA repair, and influence of key oncogenic pathways, such as B cell receptor (BCR) signaling.ConclusionThis systematic review underscores the emerging role of USPs in lymphoma and their potential as therapeutic targets. Inhibitors of USPs, such as USP14 inhibitors, show promise in overcoming drug resistance. The dynamic interplay between USPs and lymphoma biology presents an exciting opportunity for future research and the development of more effective treatments for patients with lymphoma. Understanding the intricate functions of USPs in lymphoma offers new insights into potential therapeutic strategies, emphasizing the significance of these enzymes in the context of cancer biology.