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Varicocele is a leading cause of infertility in couples. It damages sperm and increases oxidative stress (OS) in seminal fluid. Antioxidant treatments like alpha‐lipoic acid (ALA) and vitamin C (VC) can improve sperm quality by reducing OS. This study aims to explore the combined effects of these antioxidants in reducing the negative impact of OS caused by varicocele‐induced adolescent (ADO) and adult (ADU) rats. This study included 50 male Wistar rats, comprising 25 ADU rats and 25 ADO divided into 10 groups of five. The groups and treatment include Group I (ADO‐Control) and VI (ADU‐Control): the healthy group, no treatment, Groups II (ADO‐Mock) and VII (ADU‐Mock): received normal saline for 2 months, Group III (ADO‐Varicocele‐VC) and VIII (ADU‐Varicocele‐VC): received VC (100 mg/kg), Group IV (ADO‐Varicocele‐ALA) and IX (ADU‐Varicocele‐ALA): received ALA (300 mg/kg), and Group V (ADO‐Varicocele‐VC + ALA) and X (ADU‐Varicocele‐VC + ALA): received VC (100 mg/kg) + ALA (300 mg/kg). After 2 months of treatment, the rats were anesthetized. The sperm quality parameters, serum total oxidant and antioxidant properties, and testicular pathology were assessed. There were significant differences (p < 0.05) in the varicocele‐ALA + VC and varicocele‐ALA groups compared to the varicocele‐VC and the Mock group (ADO and ADU). Additionally, there was a significant variance (p < 0.05) in the OS index between the varicocele‐ALA + VC and Varicocele‐ALA groups compared to the other groups. The use of ALA has a positive impact on sperm parameters and the structure and function of testicular tissue, leading to a decrease in the OS index. Treatment with VC, along with other antioxidants like ALA, may provide a protective effect, but treatment with VC alone did not show significant effectiveness in varicocele‐induced ADO and ADU rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 4‐year‐old white male DSH cat was presented to the Veterinary Hospital on 18 December 2023, with a history of lethargy, loss of appetite, and salivation. During the inspection of the oral cavity, unilateral swelling was observed on the ventral side of the jaw. Before any therapeutic intervention, a cell blood count (CBC) test and FNA cytology were conducted. A five‐day course of adjunctive treatment, including ceftriaxone (5.5 mg/kg via IV) and clindamycin (25 mg/kg via IV), was given due to a suspicion of infection. Pantoprazole, metoclopramide (administered at 1 mg/kg via IV and IM), and duphalyte 500 mL (10 mL/kg IV) were used concurrently to alleviate nausea and stimulate appetite. Following a lack of improvement, a radical excision procedure was performed on tooth number 304 after the 5‐day treatment to excise the mass for histopathology and immunohistochemical analysis. The observation of mitotic bodies, pleomorphism, necrosis, and haemorrhage were consistent with malignancy, and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was suspected. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for the vimentin marker, the S‐100 protein, and desmin. This report describes a rare case of oral fibrosarcoma in a DSH cat in Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Changes in platelet indices in naturally occurring type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM) have been described in several studies. In this study, platelet indices such as platelet count (PLT), plateletcrit (PCT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), and MPV to PLT ratio were investigated according to diabetic duration after streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced T1DM, as well as for their correlation with glucose. Methods: Forty healthy adult Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four experimental groups of ten (5 rats of each sex), including the control group, the 7, 14, and 28 days diabetic groups (D7, D14, and D28, respectively). Results: In diabetic groups, plasma glucose was significantly higher than in control (P < 0.01). D7, D14, and D28 groups presented significantly lower PLT than the control (P < 0. 01). A significant decrease in PCT was observed in D14 and D28 females (P < 0.05). Mean platelet volume was significantly higher in the D28 group than in to control. D28 females also showed a significant difference in PLT, MPV, and the MPV‐to‐PLT ratio compared with D7 females (P < 0.05). A comparison between D28 females and males showed a significant difference in PDW (P < 0.05). Both females and males showed a significant correlation between glucose and PLT, PCT, MPV, and the MPV‐to‐PLT ratio. Conclusions: Platelet indices change significantly with the duration of diabetes compared with the baseline values, and female and male rats did not have significant differences in platelet indices in any period except the 28 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Detecting Döhle body inclusions in cat neutrophils is one of the most relevant toxic changes with clinical significance. It is necessary to study pre-analytical factors such as temperature and blood storage time on the formation of these toxic changes. Objectives: The present study sought to investigate the impact of blood storage time and temperature on Döhle or Döhle-like inclusions in cat neutrophils. Methods: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) blood samples were obtained from 8 cats without evidence of Döhle inclusions on fresh blood smears (T0). Samples were stored at room temperature (RT) and 4°C as routine storage temperatures of samples in the laboratory. Smears were prepared 2 (T2), 4 (T4), 8 (T8), and 24 (T24) hours following the blood draw for each storage condition. Döhle or Döhle-like inclusions were assessed on each smear randomly selected. Results: The percentages of neutrophils with Döhle or Döhle-like inclusions in T8 and T24 increased significantly at RT and 4°C, respectively (P<0.001) compared to T0. The smears prepared from blood samples stored at RT contained more neutrophils with Döhle or Döhle-like inclusions than 4°C. A significant difference was not found in the percentages of neutrophils with these inclusions between the two temperatures at any storage times. Conclusion: The development of Döhle body-like in cat neutrophils occurs when the analysis is delayed, especially at higher storage temperatures. This condition may affect diagnosis and clinical decisions. Therefore, the blood smears should be prepared as soon as the blood is drawn to reduce pre-analytical changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Insulin, an essential peptide hormone, conjointly regulates blood glucose levels by its receptor and it is used as vital drug to treat diabetes. This therapeutic hormone may undergo different chemical modifications during industrial processes, pharmaceutical formulation, and through its endogenous storage in the pancreatic β-cells. Insulin is highly sensitive to environmental stresses and readily undergoes structural changes, being also able to unfold and aggregate in physiological conditions. Even; small changes altering the structural integrity of insulin may have significant impacts on its biological efficacy to its physiological and pharmacological activities. Insulin analogs have been engineered to achieve modified properties, such as improved stability, solubility, and pharmacokinetics, while preserving the molecular pharmacology of insulin. The casually or purposively strategies of chemical modifications of insulin occurred to improve its therapeutic and pharmaceutical properties. Knowing the effects of chemical modification, formation of aggregates, and nanoparticles on protein can be a new look at the production of protein analogues drugs and its application in living system. The project focused on effects of chemical modifications and nanoparticles on the structure, stability, aggregation and their results in effective drug delivery system, biological activity, and pharmacological properties of insulin. The future challenge in biotechnology and pharmacokinetic arises from the complexity of biopharmaceuticals, which are often molecular structures that require formulation and delivery strategies to ensure their efficacy and safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigated the sperm quality parameters and platelet indices in adolescent and adult varicocele rats. Twenty male Wistar rats were distributed into four groups (n = 5): I—sham adolescent group, II—sham adult group, III—varicocele adolescent group, and IV—varicocele adult group. Rats were sacrificed on the 61st day of the experiment. Sperm count (×106 ml−1), sperm motility and viability (%) were significantly (p < 0.05) different between varicocele and sham groups in adolescent and adult rats. Varicocele adults had significant (p < 0.05) lower platelet count (PLT) than sham adolescents and adults. The mean platelet volume (MPV), the MPV/PLT ratio, plateletcrit (PCT) and platelet distribution width (PDW) differ significantly (p < 0.05) between varicocele and sham groups of adolescent and adult rats. It is the first time the ratio MPV/PLT was evaluated in association with other platelet indices in adolescent and adult varicocele rats. Based on the results, it would appear these indicators can become a promising tool in varicocele diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A treatment containing Zataria multiflora essential oil was compared with antibiotic therapy for Staphylococcus aureus subclinical mastitis in dairy cows in a field trial. Treatment outcomes in response to ointment were monitored using microbiological culture. Intramammary ointment of a Z. multiflora essential oil (Group 1; IOZM) was compared with placebo ointment (Group 2; PO), cefquinome intramammary lactating cow ointment (Group 3; CFQ) and a negative control group (Group 4) in 18 dairy cows with Staphylococcus aureus subclinical mastitis each group. Effects on bacteriological cure rate in response to ointment treatment were monitored by culture. Results from this field trials demonstrated that IOZM treatment had the potential to be as effective at eliminating Staphylococcus aureus subclinical mastitis as treatment. Following a 14-d and 28-d experimental period, bacteriological responses were observed in 9 out of 18 IOZM treated cows compared with 10 out of 18 CFQ treated cows. Also, the California Mastitis Test grade had no significant effect on treatment. The results of this trial suggest that S. aureus subclinical mastitis treatment with Z. multiflora essential oil, which indicates that this treatment could be used as an alternative treatment. We successfully treated the S. aureus subclinical mastitis in bovine with Z. multiflora essential oil and can suggest it's used instead of antibiotic use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine is the property of University of Tehran and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: It is essential to minimize the effect of time and temperature on the serum biochemical parameters and determine the stability limits of each analyte in pre-centrifuged blood samples. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the stability limits of 10 analytes in Turkoman racehorses blood samples stored in different temperatures and time points. METHODS: The whole blood samples from healthy horses (n=10) were stored for 2 h (baseline), 6, 12, 24, and 48 h at 25°C or 4°C. The commercial kits (Parsazmoon, Tehran, Iran) were used for the samples analysis. RESULTS: Albumin (ALB), total bilimbin (TB), and phosphorous (P) exhibited remarkable changes at 25°C. The storage time for as long as 12 h at 25°C had no significant effect on urea, total protein (TP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The stability of alanine transaminase (ALT) in serum samples stored at 25°C was for 24 h and for LDH was for 48 h at 4°C. Aspartate transaminase (AST) was the most unstable analyte at different storage times at both temperahares. Urea, TP, ALB, TB, and P were stable at 4°C for as long as 6 h. Creatinine and ALP were affected by 24 and 48 h storage times at both temperatures. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in AST and ALT activities between two temperatures. No significant difference was observed in creatinine, urea, and TB concentrations between two storage temperatures at any of the storage times. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that some analytes have acceptable stability in the clotted blood samples stored at 4°C for 6 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine is the property of University of Tehran and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most important causes of death worldwide. The effect of flunixin meglumine (FM) on MI is unknown. We investigated the protective effect of FM on the serum biochemical profile, malondialdehyde (MDA), and heart histology changes induced by isoproterenol (ISO) in adult male rats. Methods: Rats were randomly divided into four groups of six each as follows: Group 1, control. Group 2, was administered ISO subcutaneously at 85 mg/kg for 2 days. Group 3 was administered FM intraperitoneally at 2 mg/kg/d, for 3 days; and Group 4 was administered FM 2mg/kg/d intraperitoneally for 3 days and ISO 85mg/kg subcutaneously for two consecutive days. Blood samples were collected after anesthesia, 24h after the second ISO administration. The heart tissue was immediately removed for histopathological examination. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine and serum MDA levels were measured on an autoanalyzer and spectrophotometer. Results: In Group 4 (FM+ISO) the levels of AST, LDH and MDA decreased compared with those for Group 2 (ISO) (P< 0.05). Histopathologic tests revealed that ISO induced myocardial injury in Group 3 rats, whereas the alterations of the heart architecture were improved by FM in Group 4 (FM+ISO). Conclusions: The results suggest that FM has a potential cardioprotective effect against an experimental model of MI in rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to investigate the diagnostic evaluation of milk lactate dehydrogenase (mLDH) and alkaline phosphatase (mALP) activities by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis curve in early lactation of ewes with subclinical mastitis (SCM) and determine the correlation between number of somatic cell count (SCC) and mLDH and mALP activities. A total of 196 udder half milk samples were collected within the first 6 weeks of lambing. The SCM was determined by positive milk bacterial culture and positive California mastitis test (CMT); SCC was determined by fossomatic method and enzyme activities were determined spectrophotometrically. The mLDH and mALP of SCM cases were positively correlated with SCC values. Values of mLDH, mALP and SCC were significantly higher in SCM than non-SCM udder halves. The optimum cut-off points of mLDH and mALP activities for SCM diagnosis were determined at 203.61 (U L-1) and 329.84 (U L-1), respectively. In conclusion, SCC has positive correlation with mALP and mLDH activities in SCM ewes and mLDH and mALP activities could be considered as reliable indicators for intramammary inflammation diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Chronic hyperglycemia and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are strong predictors of the development of reproductive complications of diabetes. The present study was conducted to determine the effects of crocin on biochemical parameters, oxidative stress, and sperm characteristics as well as testes histopathology in diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four rats were divided into the four groups as follows: control, untreated diabetic and two crocin (40 and 60 mg/kg/day)-treated diabetic groups. Diabetes was induced by injection of a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ, 60 mg/kg). Administration of crocin (intraperitoneally) was started three days after STZ injection and was continued until the 28th day. At the end of the experiment, rats were anesthetized after weighing. Blood samples and epididymal sperm were subsequently collected to measure biochemical parameters (glucose and lipid profile), total oxidant and antioxidant status (TOS and TAS, respectively), oxidative stress index (OSI), and sperm characteristics (count, motility, and viability); also, testes were dissected out for histopathology examination. Results: Our result indicated that blood glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL cholesterol levels, as well as TOS, and OSI decreased, but body weight, sperm counts, motility and viability, as well as TAS and HDL levels increased significantly in the crocintreated diabetic rats (P<0.05). In testis sections from diabetic rats treated with crocin (40 and 60 mg/kg), seminiferous tubules exhibited normal shape and restoration of testis architecture was observed. Conclusion: Administration of crocin in the present study, ameliorated blood glucose, lipid abnormalities, oxidative stress, sperm characteristics and testis damage in STZ-diabetic rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to investigate the diagnostic evaluation of milk lactate dehydrogenase (mLDH) and alkaline phosphatase (mALP) activities by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis curve in early lactation of ewes with subclinical mastitis (SCM) and determine the correlation between number of somatic cell count (SCC) and mLDH and mALP activities. A total of 196 udder half milk samples were collected within the first 6 weeks of lambing. The SCM was determined by positive milk bacterial culture and positive California mastitis test (CMT); SCC was determined by fossomatic method and enzyme activities were determined spectrophotometrically. The mLDH and mALP of SCM cases were positively correlated with SCC values. Values of mLDH, mALP and SCC were significantly higher in SCM than non-SCM udder halves. The optimum cut-off points of mLDH and mALP activities for SCM diagnosis were determined at 203.61 (U L-1) and 329.84 (U L-1), respectively. In conclusion, SCC has positive correlation with mALP and mLDH activities in SCM ewes and mLDH and mALP activities could be considered as reliable indicators for intramammary inflammation diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ethinylestradiol (EE) has induced cholestasis and hepatotoxicity in animal studies through reducing bile acid uptake by hepatocytes and induce of oxidative stress. Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a drug that by inhibition of release or transcription of proinflammatory cytokine cause prevents oxidative stress of liver cell and reduction of damage. We aimed to evaluate the effects of pentoxifylline on liver injury induced by Ethinylestradiol in rats. Methods: Twenty-four female Wistar rats (300±20 gr) were divided into four groups, equally. Duration of treatment was 5 consecutive days for each group. The control group Simultaneously received orally and subcutaneously normal saline. PTX group Simultaneously received Pentoxifylline orally and normal saline subcutaneously, EE Group Simultaneously received EE subcutaneously and normal saline orally. In the EE+PTX group, rats Simultaneously received EE subcutaneously and PTX orally. Rats were anesthetized and blood and tissue samples were collected for measurement of hematological and biochemical parameters. Results: The EE administration increased the serum levels of ALP and MDA significantly. The EE administration also decreased albumin and GPX levels were significant. These aberrations were improved by PTX treatment in EE + PTX group. Most of hematological parameters were not significant by the EE. The plasma level of TNF- in the PTX+ES treated group showed a significant decrease in comparison to that in the ethinyl estradiol group. Conclusion: PTX has partial capacity to protect against liver changes induced by Ethinyl Estradiol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 10-year-old, male Rottweilerdog was presented to Small Animal Hospital of Tehran University with a history of lethargy, anorexia, weight loss, vomiting, polyuria, polydipsia and blindness. The dog showed symptoms of depression, high body temperature (39.2 ˚C), tachypnea (40 breaths min-1) and cachexia. In ophthalmic examination, bilateral hyphema (hemmorrahge in anterior chamber of the eye) and blindness were detected. The pulse of the animal was normal (90 beats min-1) and obvious general lymphadenopathy was determined. Lymph nodes were firm, freely movable, and painless on palpation. Initial differential diagnosis of lymphoma included lymphoma, metastatic neoplasia, lymphoid hyperplasia, and lymphadenitis. In hematology and cytology tests, this case was suspected to lymphoma. Immunohistochemical staining of neoplastic lymph node revealed that nearly 20.00 - 25.00% of neoplastic cells were strongly positive for anti CD3, whereas they were negative for both CD20 and CD79a. According to the microscopic and immunohistochemical findings, a diagnosis of T cell lymphoma was made. The present report is the first case of multicentric lymphoma with ocular metastasis in a dog in Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to evaluate the hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic and antioxidant properties of Mentha spicata (Labiateae) leaves aqueous extract (MSLA) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. In this study, hyperglycemia was induced in male rats by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg). The aqueous extract of M. spicata was orally administered at a dose of 300 mg/kg body weight to diabetic rats for 21 days and the effects were compared with glibenclamid (2 mg/kg). Fasing blood sugar (FBS), body weight, lipid profile and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) were monitored at 0, 7, 14 and 21 days after induction of diabetes. Total phenol contents (TP) and reducing power (RP) were also evaluated. TP and RP of aqueous extract were 2.763 ± 0.39 mg Galic acid/gr and 0.026 ± 0.001 EC50 mg/mL, respectively. The LD50 of the extract was found to be > 1500 mg/kg. The administration of M. spicata aqueous extract produced a significant reduction (P<0.01) in FBS, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol and MDA (101.83 ± 4.33, 95.66 ± 4.75, 89.83 ± 5.26, 26.20 ± 5.10 mg/dl and 1.53 ± 0.61 µmol/l, respectively) in diabetic rats. These effects were comparable with the effects of standard antidiabetic drug (glibenclamide). The results of the investigation indicated that M. spicata leaf aqueous extract possess hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic and antioxidant properties in diabetic rats. Therefore, this study suggest a promising use of it for treatment of diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to investigate the diagnostic evaluation of milk lactate dehydrogenase (mLDH) and alkaline phosphatase (mALP) activities by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis curve in early lactation of ewes with subclinical mastitis (SCM) and determine the correlation between number of somatic cell count (SCC) and mLDH and mALP activities. A total of 196 udder half milk samples were collected within the first 6 weeks of lambing. The SCM was determined by positive milk bacterial culture and positive California mastitis test (CMT); SCC was determined by fossomatic method and enzyme activities were determined spectrophotometrically. The mLDH and mALP of SCM cases were positively correlated with SCC values. Values of mLDH, mALP and SCC were significantly higher in SCM than non-SCM udder halves. The optimum cut-off points of mLDH and mALP activities for SCM diagnosis were determined at 203.61 (U L -1 ) and 329.84 (U L -1 ), respectively. In conclusion, SCC has positive correlation with mALP and mLDH activities in SCM ewes and mLDH and mALP activities could be considered as reliable indicators for intra-mammary inflammation diagnosis., Competing Interests: There is no conflict of interest.

The complex process of spermatogenesis is regulated by various factors. Studies on spermatogonial stem cells (SCCs) have provided very important tool to improve herd genetic and different field. 0.2 to 0.3 percent of total cells of seminiferous tubules is consist of spermatogonial stem cells. To investigate and biomanipulation of these cells, proliferation and viability rate of cells should be increased in vitro, at first. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) has been suggested to play a determinant role in the survival of germ cells in addition to increasing spermatogonial proliferation. In this study, the in vitro effects of FSH on spermatogonial cell colony formation were investigated. Sertoli and spermatogonial cells were isolated from 3-5 months old calves. The identity of the Sertoli cells and spermatogonial stem cells were confirmed through immunocytochemistry and colony morphology, respectively. Co-cultured Sertoli and spermatogonial cells were treated with FSH in different dose of 10, 20 and 40 IU mL(-1) FSH, before colony assay. Results indicated that, FSH increased in vitro colonization of spermatogonial cells in comparison with control group. In conclusion, using FSH provided proper bovine spermatogonial stem cell culture medium for in vitro study of these cells.