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Copyright of Anaesthesiologie & Intensivmedizin is the property of DGAI e.V. - Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Anasthesiologie und Intensivmedizin e.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anaesthesiologie & Intensivmedizin is the property of DGAI e.V. - Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Anasthesiologie und Intensivmedizin e.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This document is a correction notice for an article titled "Two-stage laparoscopic transversus abdominis plane block as an equivalent alternative to thoracic epidural anaesthesia in bowel resection—an explorative cohort study" published in the International Journal of Colorectal Disease. The correction emphasizes the shared first authorship and acknowledges the sponsors of the open access publication. The authors' contributions have been updated accordingly, and the institution funding the publication is thanked. The original article has been corrected, and the publisher remains neutral regarding jurisdictional claims and institutional affiliations. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Anaesthesiologie & Intensivmedizin is the property of DGAI e.V. - Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Anasthesiologie und Intensivmedizin e.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background & Objective: Women's role as a consumer or as a person who is facing with risks is so important in studies of substance abuse. However, major studies on this field aimed at studying on male population. Therefore, the aim of this study described the pattern of using illegal drugs among women belong to substance abuse control clinic of Fasa city (south of Iran). Materials & Methods: This cross sectional study as a census was done on all authorized substance abuse treatment centers in Fasa in summer 2011. Information about demographic data, types of drugs, method of using, duration of addiction and onset age was extracted from the files of self-referred women. Results: There were 88 women in Fasa substance abuse treatment centers who were 2.8% of all registered patients. The Mean age of drug onset was 30.8±11.8 years. 62 persons (70.5%) used opium and 55 persons (62.5%) used Opium sap which were indicated that these two drugs were the two common ones among addicted women. With the average of 9.4±7.1 years, Opium had the longest duration of use. There is only one woman who had used injection during the last month. Two of the women had sexual relationship out of the family in the last month in which one of them had the unsafe contact as well. Conclusion: Presently, the pattern of drug abuse among women in Fasa is traditional and is based on the opium derivatives. However, according to the increasing rate and changes in drugs type, monitoring the behavior of drug abuser can have an effective role on the improvement of health in a community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suppose P ⊆ ℕ and let (ΣP, σP) be the spacing shift defined by P. We show that if the topological entropy h(σP) of a spacing shift is equal zero, then (ΣP, σP) is proximal. Also h(σP) = 0 if and only if P = ℕ \ E where E is an intersective set. Moreover, we show that h(σP) > 0 implies that P is a Δ-*set; and by giving a class of examples, we show that this is not a sufficient condition. Using these results we solve question 5 given in [J. Banks et al., Dynamics of Spacing Shifts, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst., to appear]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Despite mobilization is highly recommended in the ERAS ® colorectal guideline, studies suggest that more than half of patients don't reach the daily goal of 360 min out of bed. However, data used to quantify mobilization are predominantly based on self-assessments, for which the accuracy is uncertain. This study aims to accurately measure postoperative mobilization in ERAS ® -patients by validated motion data from body sensors., Methods: ERAS ® -patients with elective bowel resections were eligible. Self-assessments and motion sensors (movisens: ECG-Move 4 and Move 4; Garmin: Vivosmart4) were used to record mobilization parameter from surgery to postoperative day 3 (POD3): Time out of bed, time on feet and step count., Results: 97 patients were screened and 60 included for study participation. Self-assessment showed a median out of bed duration of 215 min/day (POD1: 135 min, POD2: 225 min, POD3: 225 min). The goal of 360 min was achieved by 16.67% at POD1, 21.28% at POD2 and 20.45% at POD3. Median time on feet objectively measured by Move 4 was 109 min/day. During self-assessment, patients significantly underestimated their "time on feet"-duration with 85 min/day (p = 0.008). Median number of steps was 933/day (Move 4)., Conclusion: This study confirmed with objectively supported data, that most patients don't reach the daily mobilization goal of 360 min despite being treated by an ERAS ® -pathway with ERAS ® -nurse. Even considering an empirically approximated underestimation, the ERAS ® -target isn't achieved by more than 75% of patients. Therefore, we propose an adjustment of the general ERAS ® -goals into more patient-centered, individualized and achievable goals., Registration: This study is part of the MINT-ERAS-project and was registered prospectively in the German Clinical Trials Register on 25.02.2022. Trial registration number is "DRKS00027863"., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background & Aims: Exploration whether Motivational Interviewing (MI) could be learned and implemented with ease within a surgical in-hospital setting and whether participation in the intervention led to significantly higher compliance with ERAS®-recommended protein intake goals. The individual healing process of many patients is delayed because they fail to cover their calorie requirement, which could be counteracted by a patient-centered conversational intervention that is new in perioperative practice., Methods: This patient-blinded pilot-RCT included 60 patients (≥18 years) following the certified ERAS® bowel protocol for colorectal surgery between March and August 2022. Five perioperative MI interventions were conducted by two health employees certified to perform MI. Key endpoints were the number of protein shakes drunk, calories of proteins ingested and overall calorie intake., Results: A total of 60 patients (34 men [56.7%]; mean [SD] age, 60.7 [13.3] years) were randomized. MI patient-group had significantly higher protein shake intake on all postoperative days except day 3. For days 0-3 MI group drank significantly more shakes overall (median 5.5 vs. 2.0; P = 0.004) and consumed more calories (median 1650.0 vs. 600.0 kcal; P = 0.004) and proteins (median 110.0 vs. 40.0 g; P = 0.005). Total calorie intake for each day by shakes and dietary intake was significantly higher in the MI-intervention group on day 2 (mean 1772.3 vs. 1358.9 kcal; P = 0.03)., Conclusions: MI may contribute to improve compliance with nutritional goals in the certified ERAS® protocol by increasing protein and calorie intake. The findings suggest further investigation of MI to help patients achieve their perioperative nutrition goals in different clinical settings., Trial Registration: DRKS - Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien; DRKS-ID: DRKS00027863; https://drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00027863., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest No potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article were reported by the authors., (Copyright © 2024 European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Competing Interests: Die Autorinnen/Autoren geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Purpose: Early mobilization is an essential component of the Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS®)-pathway. However, a large percentage of patients fail to achieve the ERAS® recommended goal (360 min out of bed from post-operative day 1/POD1). Motivational Interviewing (MI) is an evidence-based type of patient-centered consultation to promote intrinsic motivation. This study aims to evaluate if MI can improve postoperative mobilization., Methods: This two-arm, patient-blinded pilot randomized controlled trial included ERAS®-patients undergoing elective bowel resections. Conversations were validated by MI Treatment Integrity. Two validated motion sensors (movisens) and self-assessments were used to measure mobilization (POD1-POD3: Time out of bed, time on feet and step count)., Results: 97 patients were screened, 60 finally included and randomized. Cumulatively across POD1-3, the intervention group (IG) was longer out of bed than the control group (CG) (median: 685 vs. 420 min; p=0.022). The IG achieved the ERAS®-goal of 360 min/day more frequently across POD1-3 (27.4% vs. 10.61%; p=0.013). Time on feet was 131.5 min/day (median per POD) in IG vs. 95.8 min/day in the CG (p=0.212), step count was 1347 in IG vs. 754 steps/day in CG (p=0.298)., Conclusion: MI could be conducted low threshold and was well accepted by patients. MI can improve mobilization in the context of ERAS®. Despite better performance, it should be noted that only 27.4% of the IG reached the ERAS®-compliance goal of 360 min/day. The findings of this pilot study stipulate to further test the promising perioperative effects of MI within a multicenter superiority trial., Registration: This study was registered prospectively in the German Clinical Trials Register on 25.02.2022. Trial registration number is "DRKS00027863"., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into intensive care medicine has made considerable progress in recent studies, particularly in the areas of predictive analytics, early detection of complications, and the development of decision support systems. The main challenges remain availability and quality of data, reduction of bias and the need for explainable results from algorithms and models. Methods to explain these systems are essential to increase trust, understanding, and ethical considerations among healthcare professionals and patients. Proper training of healthcare professionals in AI principles, terminology, ethical considerations, and practical application is crucial for the successful use of AI. Careful assessment of the impact of AI on patient autonomy and data protection is essential for its responsible use in intensive care medicine. A balance between ethical and practical considerations must be maintained to ensure patient-centered care while complying with data protection regulations. Synergistic collaboration between clinicians, AI engineers, and regulators is critical to realizing the full potential of AI in intensive care medicine and maximizing its positive impact on patient care. Future research and development efforts should focus on improving AI models for real-time predictions, increasing the accuracy and utility of AI-based closed-loop systems, and overcoming ethical, technical, and regulatory challenges, especially in generative AI systems., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature.)

Background: Cassia angustifolia Vahl. ( Senna ) is a medicinal plant containing anthraquinone compounds such as sennoside. Senna is primarily valued for its laxative properties. In Persian medicine, this plant has been also used to treat various disorders such as diabetes and skin hyperpigmentation. Previous studies have shown that different species of senna , such as C. articulata, C. alata, C. Siamea , C. Surattensis inhibit alpha-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. To the best of our knowledge, no previous evidence is available on tyrosinase and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects of the extract and different fractions of C. angustifolia leaves., Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of the methanol-water extract and different fractions (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and remaining crude extract) of senna against tyrosinase and α-glucosidase and to investigate their total phenolic and sennoside B contents., Results: Our findings depicted that the methanol-water extract and fractions had no significant anti-tyrosinase activity; however, some fractions were active toward α-glucosidase. The hexane fraction and the remaining crude extract demonstrated the highest inhibition on α-glucosidase compared to acarbose (positive control). In addition, the ethyl acetate fraction contains high phenolic and hydroxy anthraquinone derivatives based on the amount of sennoside B contents equivalent to 382.25 μg/mL of gallic acid and 1.525% of sennoside B, respectively. Moreover, no correlation was observed between the phenolic and sennoside contents of different fractions and their α-glucosidase inhibitory effect., Conclusions: Considering the α-glucosidase inhibition results, the hexane fraction of C. angustifolia can be a valuable fraction for in vitro and in vivo antidiabetic studies as well as further phytochemical studies. Further studies to identify the active substances and the exact mechanism of the bioactive ingredients on the inhibitory effects of α-glucosidase can provide promising results in the future., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interests., (Copyright © 2024, Morid Ahmadi et al.)

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of serum level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on the development of neurological disorders in COVID-19 patients and the probable role of oxidative stress and inflammation in this phenomenon., Methods: The present case-control study included 42 COVID-19 patients referring to Golestan and Sina hospitals of Ahvaz, Iran, for treatment. Patients with ( n  = 18) and without ( n  = 24) neurological disorders were allocated into test and control groups, respectively. Following blood sampling, serum isolation was done, and the serum was stored at -80°C until biochemical assessment for measuring BDNF, oxidative stress indices, and inflammatory factors., Results: Although no significant brain damage was observed in the COVID-19 patients with neurological disorders, the results showed that the serum level of BDNF in the test group increased compared to that in the control group, and this increment was accompanied with increased Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) and decreased Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) levels in the serum. Moreover, compared to the control group, patients in the test group had a decreased level of Thiol and an increased level of Malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serum. Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between the serum concentration of BDNF and nitric oxide (NO) in the test group., Conclusion: Using over-the-counter (OTC) medicines which include thiol-group-related agents or any other antioxidants can alleviate oxidative stress and the associated increased inflammation in COVID-19 patients with neurological symptoms.

Introduction: Previous research has highlighted the executive function (EF) deficits present in depressed patients; however, conflicting results exist regarding the impact of depression severity on the size of these deficits. This study aimed to compare deficits in EF between antidepressant naïve inpatient and outpatient depressed, a group with subclinical depression symptoms, and a healthy control group while controlling for education, sex, and age., Methods: In cross-sectional research, 245 antidepressant naive participants (46 inpatient, 68 outpatient, 65 subclinical, and 67 healthy control individuals) were recruited by convenience sampling. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Disorders (SCID-5) and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) were used to assess depression. EF was measured using several neuropsychological tests, including the Stroop Color-Word Test, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and the N-back Test, which assessed the components of Inhibition, Shifting, and Updating, respectively. Multivariate analysis of covariance revealed a significant difference between the groups in EF components ( p < 0.001). Pairwise comparisons further showed that inpatient and outpatient patients had more depressive symptoms and worse EF performance than subclinical and healthy control groups ( p < 0.05)., Results: In the analysis of EF measures, a significant difference was found among the four groups, with post-hoc tests revealing variations in specific EF components. Overall, patients with more severe depressive symptoms show more deficits in EF. Additionally, correlations between clinical characteristics and EF measures varied across patient groups, but many correlations became non-significant after adjusting for the false discovery rate (FDR)., Discussion: This study emphasizes the impact of depression severity on deficits in the EF of depressed patients and at-risk populations. Consequently, it is important to consider executive dysfunctions as an underlying vulnerability in the development and persistence of depressive disorder., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Malekizadeh, Saed, Rashtbari, Sajjadi, Ahmadi and Ronold.)

Background: Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is the most common complication following general thoracic surgery. POAF significantly increases the risk of adverse cardiovascular events, such as thromboembolism, heart failure, and mortality. Additionally, it also leads to prolonged hospital stays and higher costs. The objective of this observational study was to examine the impact of perioperative administration of magnesium sulphate (MgS O4 ) on the incidence of POAF., Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted, enrolling one hundred patients undergoing thoracotomy for lung resection. We compared the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) before and after implementing a change in our standard anesthetic management, which involved the addition of MgS O4 . MgS O4 was administered during anesthesia induction at a dose of 40 mg/kg over ten minutes, followed by a 24-hour infusion at a rate of 10 mg/kg/h. The primary outcome was the incidence of POAF within the first seven days after surgery., Results: Within the initial three days following surgery, there was no significant difference in the cumulative incidence of POAF between the MgS O4 group and the control group. However, on postoperative day 7, patients treated with MgS O4 exhibited a reduced incidence of POAF compared to the control group (4% vs. 26%; P=0.01). In the subgroup of patients not receiving pre-existing β-blockers, the addition of MgS O4 significantly decreased the occurrence of POAF (14% vs. 80%; P<0.001)., Conclusions: Prophylactic administration of MgS O4 is a potentially beneficial approach for reducing the incidence of POAF after non-cardiac surgery, particularly in patients not receiving long-term β-blocker treatment., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://jtd.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/jtd-23-506/coif). SB serves as an unpaid editorial board member of Journal of Thoracic Disease from February 2023 to January 2025. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (2023 Journal of Thoracic Disease. All rights reserved.)

Phytoestrogens are non-steroid polyphenolic materials present in 300 plants. Regarding their structural similarities to estradiol, phytoestrogens attach to estrogen receptors and display anti- or pro-estrogenic activities. This review explored phytoestrogens' potential advantages and autophagy properties in light of their future application for disease management, highlighting how phytoestrogens could modulate autophagy. Research has examined the prospective benefits of phytoestrogens for the anticipation and management of various conditions, including signs of menopause, tumors, skin deterioration, osteoporosis, heart disease, neurodegenerative conditions, disorders of the immune system, and metabolic syndrome, owing to their therapeutic effects. As phytoestrogens can activate or inhibit autophagy, which has antioxidant, apoptotic, anti-mutagenic, anticancer, transcriptional, and genomic impacts on cancer and aging illnesses, phytoestrogens could influence diseases through the modulation of autophagy. The collaborative research on animal models, utilization of genetic techniques, and administration of pharmacologically active substances has indicated the possible therapeutic benefits of autophagy modulation in various illnesses. Further research is required to illustrate the pathways by which phytoestrogens modulate autophagy and the possible therapeutic effects on these diseases., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interests, (Copyright: © Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research.)

Background: Detecting the correlation of conflict rate within provinces over time provides a better understanding for health policymakers in identifying potential causes. The purpose of this study was to assess the trend of conflict rate in 31 provinces of Iran using the growth mixture model (GMM)., Methods: This ecologic study was conducted based on the data obtained from the Iranian Legal Medicine Organization (ILMO) by gender and provinces between March 21, 2014 and March 21, 2020. First, the 7-year cumulative incidence rates were described; second, the trend of conflict rate was modeled by a linear mixed-effects model according to gender and overall; finally, distinct classes of provinces with similar conflict trends in seven years were identified using the GMM. The significance level was considered less than 0.05., Results: Among provinces, Ardebil and Sistan Baluchistan had the highest and the lowest 7-year conflict incidence rates (95% CI) with 66.6 (52.38, 84.67) and 20.79 (13.53, 31.95) per 100000, respectively. The results of the linear mixed-effects model showed that the annual rate of conflict in Iran decreased by 0.37% from 2014 to 2017 and then slightly increased by 0.07% after 2017. In addition, the GMM results indicated that the trends for Iranian provinces can be clustered into four distinct classes., Conclusion: Our study showed the increasing growth of conflict in the last years in most provinces of Iran. Necessary interventions are important to prevent the rising conflict rate due to the various effects of conflict on psychological, social, and health factors., (© 2023 The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.)

Aims: The GermAn Laser Lead Extraction RegistrY: GALLERY is a retrospective, national multicentre registry, investigating the safety and efficacy of laser lead extraction procedures in Germany., Methods and Results: Twenty-four German centres that are performing laser lead extraction have participated in the registry. All patients, treated with a laser lead extraction procedure between January 2013 and March 2017, were consecutively enrolled. Safety and efficacy of laser lead extraction were investigated. A total number of 2524 consecutive patients with 6117 leads were included into the registry. 5499 leads with a median lead dwell time of 96 (62-141) months were treated. The mean number of treated leads per patient was 2.18 ± 1.02. The clinical procedural success rate was 97.86% and the complete lead removal was observed in 94.85%. Additional extraction tools were used in 6.65% of cases. The rate of procedural failure was 2.14% with lead age  ≥10 years being its only predictor. The overall complication rate was 4.32%, including 2.06% major and 2.26% minor complications. Procedure-related mortality was 0.55%. Female sex and the presence of abandoned leads were predictors for procedure-related complications. The all-cause in-hospital mortality was 3.56% with systemic infection being the strongest predictor, followed by age ≥75 years and chronic kidney disease., Conclusion: In the GALLERY, a high success- and low procedure-related complication rates have been demonstrated. In multivariate analysis, female sex and the presence of abandoned leads were predictors for procedure-related complications, while the presence of systemic infection, age ≥75 years, and chronic kidney disease were independent predictors for all-cause mortality., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: S.P. reports grants and personal fees from Philips/Spectranetics, Medtronic, and AtriCure. H.B. reports grants and personal fees from Philips/Spectranetics, Cook Medical, Zoll Medical, Braun Medical, Abbott, Sorin Group/LivaNova, Impulse Dynamics, Biotronik, and Medtronic. B.O. reports grants and personal fees from Philips/Spectranetics and Medtronic. H.E. reports personal fees from Philips/Spectranetics. N.G. reports grants and personal fees from Boston Scientific, Medtronic, and Bayer Vital. M.K. reports grants and personal fees from Philips/Spectranetics, Zoll Medical, Sorin Group/LivaNova, Medtronic, Boston Scientific, and CVRx. H.R. reports personal fees from Medtronic. S.W. reports grants and personal fees from Abbott, Boston Scientific, Medtronic, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Bayer Vital, Acutus, and Daiichi Sankyo. S.H. reports grants and personal fees from Boston Scientific, Edwards Lifesciences, Medtronic, Meril, Philips/Spectranetics, and Zoll Medical. All other authors have no conflicts of interest., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

SARS-CoV-2 has caused a global pandemic, infecting millions of people. An effective preventive vaccine against this virus is urgently needed. Here, we designed and developed a novel formulated recombinant receptor-binding domain (RBD) nucleocapsid (N) recombinant vaccine candidates. The RBD and N were separately expressed in E. coli and purified using column chromatography. The female Balb/c mice were immunized subcutaneously with the combination of purified RBD and N alone or formulated with saponin adjuvant in a two-week interval in three doses. Neutralization antibody (Nabs) titers against the SARS-CoV-2 were detected by a Surrogate Virus Neutralization (sVNT) Test. Also, total IgG and IgG1, and IgG2a isotypes and the balance of cytokines in the spleen (IFN-γ, Granzyme B, IL-4, and IL-12) were measured by ELISA. The percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were quantified by flow cytometry. The lymphoproliferative activity of restimulated spleen cells was also determined. The findings showed that the combination of RBD and N proteins formulated with saponin significantly promoted specific total IgG and neutralization antibodies, elicited robust specific lymphoproliferative and T cell response responses. Moreover, marked increase in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were observed in the adjuvanted RBD and N vaccine group compared with other groups. The results suggest that the formulations are able to elicit a specific long-lasting mixed Th1/Th2 balanced immune response. Our data indicate the significance of the saponin-adjuvanted RBD/N vaccine in the design of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and provide a rationale for the development of a protective long-lasting and strong vaccine., Competing Interests: Authors HZ, AH, EA and SM were employed by TRS Biotech Company. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Ghaemi, Roshani Asl, Zargaran, Ahmadi, Hashimi, Abdolalipour, Bathaeian and Miri.)