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In the current market landscape, enterprises face tremendous pressure to remain competitive and innovative to extend their businesses globally. Thus, a need exists for a new data analysis technique and a tool known as Big Data Analytics (BDA), which refers to massive data sets in light of their volume, velocity, variety, and veracity. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) face challenges in obtaining and utilizing the knowledge derived from big data to make informed decisions regarding market selection and adopting appropriate internationalization strategies. These enterprises encounter resource limitations that hinder their ability to effectively acquire and implement big data insights for strategic decision-making in these areas. This systematic literature review aims to investigate the state of research on adopting big data analytics in SMEs. The study focuses on identifying key factors that influence the adoption of BDA. The study extracted 13 significant factors that are the highest influencers for BDA in SMEs. Those factors are top management support, training, relative advantage, it infrastructure, security, compatibility, complexity, adaptability, government it policies, competency, collaboration, digital transformation tools, and decision quality. The findings of this review are useful for practitioners, researchers, and decision-makers in understanding the factors that influence the adoption of big data analytics and the potential benefits and challenges associated with its implementation. Findings will shed light on the interplay between data governance and other factors influencing adoption, providing valuable insights for organizations seeking to establish robust data governance frameworks that support successful BDA initiatives.

Abstract Background Severe complicated intra-abdominal sepsis (SCIAS) has an increasing incidence with mortality rates over 80% in some settings. Mortality typically results from disruption of the gastrointestinal tract, progressive and self-perpetuating bio-mediator generation, systemic inflammation, and multiple organ failure. A further therapeutic option may be open abdomen (OA) management with negative peritoneal pressure therapy (NPPT) to remove inflammatory ascites and attenuate the systemic damage from SCIAS, although there are definite risks of leaving the abdomen open whenever it might possibly be closed. This potential therapeutic paradigm is the rationale being assessed in the Closed Or Open after Laparotomy (COOL trial) ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03163095 ). Initially, the COOL trial received Industry sponsorship; however, this funding mandated the use of a specific trademarked and expensive NPPT device in half of the patients allocated to the intervention (open) arm. In August 2022, the 3 M/Acelity Corporation without consultation but within the terms of the contract canceled the financial support of the trial. Although creating financial difficulty, there is now no restriction on specific NPPT devices and removing a cost-prohibitive intervention creates an opportunity to expand the COOL trial to a truly global basis. This document describes the evolution of the COOL trial, with a focus on future opportunities for global growth of the study. Methods The COOL trial is the largest prospective randomized controlled trial examining the random allocation of SCIAS patients intra-operatively to either formal closure of the fascia or the use of the OA with an application of an NPPT dressing. Patients are eligible if they have free uncontained intraperitoneal contamination and physiologic derangements exemplified by septic shock OR severely adverse predicted clinical outcomes. The primary outcome is intended to definitively inform global practice by conclusively evaluating 90-day survival. Initial recruitment has been lower than hoped but satisfactory, and the COOL steering committee and trial investigators intend with increased global support to continue enrollment until recruitment ensures a definitive answer. Discussion OA is mandated in many cases of SCIAS such as the risk of abdominal compartment syndrome associated with closure, or a planned second look as for example part of “damage control”; however, improved source control (locally and systemically) is the most uncertain indication for an OA. The COOL trial seeks to expand potential sites and proceed with the evaluation of NPPT agnostic to device, to properly examine the hypothesis that this treatment attenuates systemic damage and improves survival. This approach will not affect internal validity and should improve the external validity of any observed results of the intervention. Trial registration: National Institutes of Health ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03163095 ).

Sago plants are the main staple food in Southeast Sulawesi. Sago plants have various economic value for bioethanol, roofs, and carbohydrates. Community managed sago plantations by using an agro-industrial model. Although, sago processing has long been developed, but the community is still living in a low socio-economic condition. The allocation of sago agro-industry production factors is still not optimal, resulting in a fluctuative production, quality and productivity. This study analyzed the income of the sago agroindustry and formulated a strategy for the sago agroindustry development. The study was conducted in Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province. Sampling in this study was carried out by purposive sampling and total sampling. The analytical methods used include income analysis to analyze the income of the sago agroindustry, SWOT analysis to formulate strategies for the development of the sago agroindustry. The results showed that the income level of Konawe Regency’s sago agroindustry in a monthly sago processing was Rp. 14,205,770. The analysis results of sago agroindustry development strategy in Konawe Regency obtain five core strategies, focusing on packaging and labeling, production and marketing, training in seedling and management of the sago agroindustry, land conversion policy and sago price policy, and the sago agroindustry partnership program.

This study aimed to determine the factors of online geography learning outcomes in class XI IIS SMAN 1 Samaturu. Learning outcomes' position was crucial and inseparable from the learning process. Learning outcomes can be used as an indicator of the success of the learning process. Low learning outcomes were a problem in the learning process, which is still developing, and solutions or factors that influence learning outcomes have yet to be found. This type of research uses quantitative descriptive. The subject of this study was students of class XI IIS, totalling 33 students. The technique used to collect data was a questionnaire. First, data analysis was carried out by giving student scores for each questionnaire item. Second, averaging student scores for all of these items, and third, determining student criteria. The results of this study obtained that the student's geography learning outcomes factor was the parental attention factor found in the indicators of giving awards, giving punishments, giving examples, giving guidance and helping difficulties and meeting students' learning needs. The last two indicators make a major contribution to low student learning outcomes.

The Konawe Selatan District region is characterized by Karst hills, various soil types, and steep slopes. Functional classification considers the physical and non-physical characteristics of the location to determine its many uses. The map developed by the Regulation of the Agriculture Minister of Indonesia should be checked with the actual condition for the validation process before presenting to the society and Local government. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the compatibility of the area function map result with the actual conditions in Konawe Selatan District, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. The research is a regional survey, collecting data from interviews and observations, and the data were analyzed descriptively and quantitatively with percentages. The results show that the compatibility of the Konawe Selatan District area function map is 89.61%, functioning as a guideline in the land use plan. Furthermore, the map could guide potential land-use planning functions such as protected forests, limited production forests, rice fields, and settlements. In conclusion, the map is appropriate for disseminating information and material for land use policies in Konawe Selatan District to stakeholders.

This article aims to describe the nation-building discourse and movement in Southeast Asia, particularly in Aceh-Indonesia and Pattani-Thailand. The significance of this research lies in the fact that these two regions share similar characteristics. Among them are socio-cultural and religio-political situations as conflict-affected areas with the dynamics of national discourse, and fluctuate views on national integration with the state. Islamic educational institutions in these two regions have contributed significantly in the formation of the nation-state. Dayah in Aceh and Pondok in Pattani not only serve as the centres of Islamic studies and character building for the community, but also function as the stage for social, cultural and political movements. Thus, Dayah and Pondok became the institutions to shape Islamic extremist as well as the agent to strengthen political identity. This article attempts to explain the genealogy of Islamic education and the metamorphosis of national discourse in these two regions. In addition, this article will also reveal the role of local actors in ethno-religious discourses and movements, and the response of the state and its apparatus in efforts to maintain national unity and statehood

The teaching and learning process is in dire need of motives and encouragements from various aspects, and it is considered among the drivers behind the behavior of the learner and the teacher, as the teaching and learning process will lose its vitality in the absence of motivation, and because it plays an important role, this research seeks to touch the theories related to motivation. Which is still the focus of the interest of educators in the field of education, in addition to that, the researcher mentioned some strategies related to motivation in terms of internal and external, such as human behavior and motivation to do something, which is among the core of this research, by looking at some references related to the topic of motives. The results of the research indicate that: There is a strong link between motivation theories, whether it is internal motivation and external motivation, each of which seeks to motivate and encourage to do something, and in this aspect is motivation in language education.

Green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) is produced by mixing Curcuma longa leaves extract and sodium hydrogen selenite (NaHSeO3) solution. Curcuma longa leaves extract act as reducing, stabilizing and capping agent. Selenium nanoparticles formation was assisted by using microwave-assisted method. This work focusing on determining the electrochemical properties of the selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) through characterization and application. Formation of SeNPs confirmed using UV-Vis spectrophotometer, morphological and size of the SeNPs through Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) presence of functional groups using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR), amorphic nature of the SeNPs through X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) where spherical and average size of 251nm were observed. For its electrochemical properties, the 20µL SeNPs was used for modification in electrocatalytic of bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The electrooxidation by SeNPs/GCE of nitrite was examined via cyclic voltammetry where increase of oxidation current can be observed approximately at 0.8V.

Paracetamol (PCM) is a common drug for daily use in each household and considering PCM’s availability and huge production, traces of waste PCM present in water sources are concerned. Photocatalysis technology shows promising results with the utilization of semiconductor materials and light energy to degrade and remove organic pollutants. In this study, zinc oxide/silver nanoparticles (ZnO/Ag NPs) photocatalyst were synthesized via sol-gel and co-precipitation technique with the aid of banana peels extract (BPE) for photodegradation of PCM. The produced photocatalysts were characterized by UltravioletVisible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), surface area and pore analysis and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). Results shows that a blue shift phenomenon occurs between ZnO NPs and ZnO/Ag NPs while XRD analysis suggested that all samples exhibit hexagonal wurtzite structure. ZnO/Ag NPs portrayed a spherical and hexagonal surface morphology with average particles size of 25.68 nm and mesoporous structure. ZnO/Ag NPs shows the highest photodegradation of PCM with 96 % with five repeated cycles compared to pristine ZnO NPs. The main species responsible for PCM degradation via ZnO/Ag are hydroxyl radical and electron. The prepared BPE based ZnO/Ag has a high potential as advanced materials for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment.

Abstract Background Glutamate and voltage-gated sodium channels, both have been the target of intense investigation for its involvement in carcinogenesis and progression of malignant disease. Breast cancer with increased level of glutamate often metastasize to other organs (especially bone), whilst re-expression of ‘neonatal’ Nav1.5, nNav1.5 in breast cancer is known to promote cell invasion in vitro, metastasis in vivo and positive lymph node metastasis in patients. Methods In this study, the role of nNav1.5 in regulating glutamate level in human breast cancer cells was examined using pharmacological approach (VGSCs specific blocker, TTX, glutamate release inhibitor, riluzole and siRNA-nNav1.5). Effect of these agents were evaluated based on endogenous and exogenous glutamate concentration using glutamate fluorometric assay, mRNA expression of nNav1.5 using qPCR and finally, invasion using 3D culture assay. Results Endogenous and exogenous glutamate levels were significantly higher in aggressive human breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231 cells compared to less aggressive human breast cancer cells, MCF-7 and non-cancerous human breast epithelial cells, MCF-10A. Treatment with TTX to MDA-MB-231 cells resulted in significant reduction of endogenous and exogenous glutamate levels corresponded with significant suppression of cell invasion. Subsequently, downregulation of nNav1.5 gene was observed in TTX-treated cells. Conclusions An interesting link between nNav1.5 expression and glutamate level in aggressive breast cancer cells was detected and requires further investigation.

The process of developing learning material is very important in language education, and that learning materials should be adapted to the progress and demands of time.This paper aims to develop the material learning of arabic writing for Student of Department of Arabic Language University of Muhammadiyah Malang, this paper used Bolito and Julie model, and the data was collected through interview, observation, documents, questionnaire, and pre test and post test, the technique of data analysis using Miles, Huberman and Saldana’s theory, by condensing the data after collecting it, then displaying and summarizing it. The results for this search are; 1) Students need materials for writting essay in based on higher-order thinking skills. 2) the characteristics of material writting developed include (a) thematic and factual which suitable with the environment where the student live, for instance the move of the capital of Jakarta to borneo island in circumstances of new corona virus pandemic, and the phenomenon of street children and homeless people in Indonesia etc; (b) mind mapping to organize ideas; (c) Vocabulary. 3) The developed materials are valid for use due to it adapts to the condition where the students live and then help them gather the information before writing the article 4) Teaching materials for Arabic writting essay based on higher-order thinking skills are effective to improve students’ ability in Arabic writing essays by solving problems from the topics, criticizing the subjetc which is encourage them to discuss and present their opinions by rewriting sentences and paragraphs in their language, and hence students practiced in three levels of higher order thinking skills: analytical, evaluative and creative thinking.

Introduction: The rise in colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence becomes a global concern. As geographical variations in the CRC incidence suggests the role of area-level determinants, the current study was designed to identify the spatial distribution pattern of CRC at the neighbourhood level in Malaysia. Method: Newly diagnosed CRC cases between 2010 and 2016 in Malaysia were identified from the National Cancer Registry. Residential addresses were geocoded. Clustering analysis was subsequently performed to examine the spatial dependence between CRC cases. Differences in socio-demographic characteristics of individuals between the clusters were also compared. Identified clusters were categorized into urban and semi-rural areas based on the population background. Result: Most of the 18 405 individuals included in the study were male (56%), aged between 60 and 69 years (30.3%) and only presented for care at stages 3 or 4 of the disease (71.3%). The states shown to have CRC clusters were Kedah, Penang, Perak, Selangor, Kuala Lumpur, Melaka, Johor, Kelantan, and Sarawak. The spatial autocorrelation detected a significant clustering pattern (Moran’s Index 0.244, p< 0.01, Z score >2.58). CRC clusters in Penang, Selangor, Kuala Lumpur, Melaka, Johor, and Sarawak were in urbanized areas, while those in Kedah, Perak and Kelantan were in semi-rural areas. Conclusion: The presence of several clusters in urbanized and semi-rural areas implied the role of ecological determinants at the neighbourhood level in Malaysia. Such findings could be used to guide the policymakers in resource allocation and cancer control.

Islamic education as one of the recognized scientific disciplines and has attracted the interest of the participants, especially for students who want to study it seriously. However, this field of study and discipline is not fast enough in its development, when compared to the number of other fields of Islamic studies. Even so, the portrait of Islamic education can actually be described in various perspectives. For example, from the educational perspective of Naquib al-Attas. This study aims to explore the educational concept of Naquib Al Attas in terms of the meaning and purpose of education, curriculum and educational methods as well as the authority and role of the teacher. The research uses a descriptive approach. This is done to be able to reveal the concept of education in Naquib Al Attas' thought based on reading related books and articles. The results of this study indicate that the thoughts of Naquib Al Attas tend to be selectively reconstructive which seeks to present an integrated Islamic education system. While in the Al Attas Curriculum seeks to integrate Science (Fardhu Ain and Fardu Kifayah), so the method used is the cultivation of Adab (Faith-Science-Charity).

The multidrug resistance phenomenon presents a major threat to the pharmaceutical industry. This resistance is a common occurrence in several diseases and is mediated by multidrug transporters that actively pump substances out of the cell and away from their target regions. The most well-known multidrug transporter is the P-glycoprotein transporter. The binding sites within P-glycoprotein can accommodate a variety of compounds with diverse structures. Hence, numerous drugs are P-glycoprotein substrates, with new ones being identified every day. For many years, the mechanisms of action of P-glycoprotein have been shrouded in mystery, and scientists have only recently been able to elucidate certain structural and functional aspects of this protein. Although P-glycoprotein is highly implicated in multidrug resistant diseases, this transporter also performs various physiological roles in the human body and is expressed in several tissues, including the brain, kidneys, liver, gastrointestinal tract, testis, and placenta. The expression levels of P-glycoprotein are regulated by different enzymes, inflammatory mediators and transcription factors; alterations in which can result in the generation of a disease phenotype. This review details the discovery, the recently proposed structure and the regulatory functions of P-glycoprotein, as well as the crucial role it plays in health and disease.

Due to its rich and diverse biodiversity of flora and fauna, Tasik Chini, a UNESCO Bisosphere Reserve, is a national heritage that must be preserved and protected. Ensuring healthy water quality here is vital for the survival of the ecosystem. Water quality was constantly being monitored through the use of a network of sensors and telemetry system that collect parameters to determine Water Quality Index since 2004. However, two events have rendered the setup to be inadequate: the economic activities around the lake and the big flood of 2014. Both events has proven that the IoT infrastructure at Tasik Chini is inadequate to mitigate major disaster. The risk of both natural and man-made disasters happening always increased yearly and has a huge impact on water quality monitoring as well as the dissemination and sharing of data and results. A proper management plan to mitigate these risks is needed. The purpose of this paper is to highlight a successful research methodology that has been proposed and done in monitoring and improving Tasik Chini water quality. First, needs analysis were carried out through face-to-face interaction with researchers and the indigenous community living within the vicinity of the lake. Historical water quality data were also compiled and analyzed to validate the degradation of water quality over the years. Second, a proper risk registers and risk respond plan was developed. The current telemetry and network of sensors were reengineered by introducing new online tools for sharing and disseminating of water quality data to more diverse stakeholders. Cloud and 4G services are now the integral part of monitoring. Third, an early warning system has been developed to complete the setup.

Schizencephaly is a very rare congenital birth defect. It is characterized by a cortical brain malformation that manifests as a grey-matter-lined cleft extending from the ependyma to the piamater. It is a rare condition, and few cases have been reported in the literature. The exact cause is unknown. Herein, we report a case of an infant presenting with left side hemiparesis. The CT scan of her brain revealed right fronto-temporal and left parieto-temporal open-lip schizencephaly; thus, urgent referral to a pediatric neurologist was made for early intervention.

This study was intended to describe the concept of humanization of education which is implemented at the Nahdlatul Ulama Elementary School (SD NU) Sleman Yogyakarta in facing challenges and opportunities in the era of disruption. This type of research is qualitative in the form of a phenomenological approach. In collecting data, researchers used observation, interview, and documentation techniques. Meanwhile, the research data were analyzed using Miles and Huberman model and validated through data triangulation techniques. The results showed that in implementing humanist education at SD NU Sleman Yogyakarta, the school used Sab'atu Ansitoh (7M) activities. They are first, cultivating and instilling behavior; second, grounding the NU pledge of allegiance; third, practice riyadhoh; fourth, improving school facilities; fifth, training educators; sixth, making educators prosperous; and seventh, providing a child-friendly canteen (iqomatil maqsof). It is expected that applying these 7 principles (sab'atu ansitoh) can have implications for improving the quality of students who are able to face the challenges in the era of disruption.

E-learning is an innovative strategy for enhancing teaching and learning in digital environments with the goal of enhancing education. In the same context, recommendation models have been developed for predicting the user’s learning preferences. A task that has become urgently necessary is enhancing the learning process by designing recommendation models for e-learning software that then helps users choose the most pertinent learning materials (contents) from a wide number of sources. The general consensus is that designing a recommendation model for e-learning is influenced by parameters that are related to e-learning, and much effort has been exerted to determine those parameters. However, no agreement has been reached as to what constitutes such parameters. Keeping this issue in mind, this study aims to identify the parameters that should be considered when generating e-learning recommendations in developing countries. On the basis of the relevant literature, with the use of the Delphi method and with aid from e-learning experts, this paper identifies ten critical parameters related to e-learning. The results show that perceived ease of use is the most critical parameter out of the ten e-learning-related parameters, while user preference is the parameter that contributes least to e-learning.

BackgroundGlaucoma leads to irreversible blindness. Globally, it is the second most common retinal disease that leads to blindness, slightly less common than cataracts. Therefore, there is a great need to avoid the silent growth of this disease using recently developed generative adversarial networks (GANs). ObjectiveThis paper aims to introduce a GAN technology for the diagnosis of eye disorders, particularly glaucoma. This paper illustrates deep adversarial learning as a potential diagnostic tool and the challenges involved in its implementation. This study describes and analyzes many of the pitfalls and problems that researchers will need to overcome to implement this kind of technology. MethodsTo organize this review comprehensively, articles and reviews were collected using the following keywords: (“Glaucoma,” “optic disc,” “blood vessels”) and (“receptive field,” “loss function,” “GAN,” “Generative Adversarial Network,” “Deep learning,” “CNN,” “convolutional neural network” OR encoder). The records were identified from 5 highly reputed databases: IEEE Xplore, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and PubMed. These libraries broadly cover the technical and medical literature. Publications within the last 5 years, specifically 2015-2020, were included because the target GAN technique was invented only in 2014 and the publishing date of the collected papers was not earlier than 2016. Duplicate records were removed, and irrelevant titles and abstracts were excluded. In addition, we excluded papers that used optical coherence tomography and visual field images, except for those with 2D images. A large-scale systematic analysis was performed, and then a summarized taxonomy was generated. Furthermore, the results of the collected articles were summarized and a visual representation of the results was presented on a T-shaped matrix diagram. This study was conducted between March 2020 and November 2020. ResultsWe found 59 articles after conducting a comprehensive survey of the literature. Among the 59 articles, 30 present actual attempts to synthesize images and provide accurate segmentation/classification using single/multiple landmarks or share certain experiences. The other 29 articles discuss the recent advances in GANs, do practical experiments, and contain analytical studies of retinal disease. ConclusionsRecent deep learning techniques, namely GANs, have shown encouraging performance in retinal disease detection. Although this methodology involves an extensive computing budget and optimization process, it saturates the greedy nature of deep learning techniques by synthesizing images and solves major medical issues. This paper contributes to this research field by offering a thorough analysis of existing works, highlighting current limitations, and suggesting alternatives to support other researchers and participants in further improving and strengthening future work. Finally, new directions for this research have been identified.

The era of industrial revolution 4.0 is known as the era of openness that calls for the quality of human resources characterized by technological capabilities. Sophisticated technology results in a decrease in character for adults, including educators. Based on research from several regions in Indonesia conducted by UNICEF (2006), it was proved that around 80% were still prone to violence in the school environment conducted by educators to students. Based on the case above, the writer wants to give advice by creating child-friendly schools that are able to provide children's rights in order to be able to provide pleasant and comfortable services. This research was conducted at the Muhammadiyah Elementary School 2 in Berbah Yogyakarta. This research is a qualitative research that uses a phenomenological approach. In collecting data using the trianggulation method and reading related books. Based on the results of research to realize child-friendly schools in the industrial revolution era 4.0, SD Muhammadiyah Pajangan 2 Berbah applied. 6M, namely: 1) Cultivating 5S (greetings, smiles, greetings, courtesy and courtesy), 2) instilling Muhammadiyah pledges, 3) improving habituation (Riyadhoh), 4) improving infrastructure, 5) improving the quality of educators, and 6) terminating School canteen.

This research aimed to evaluate Kuwait’s current construction and demolition waste (C&D waste) situation by focusing on C&D waste generation and management issues. This work also investigated the causes and factors affecting C&D waste to understand the actual waste management activities and proposed strategies to minimize the waste generated at the local level. This study estimated C&D waste generation rates based on data collected from five construction projects and two demolition projects in Kuwait. In addition, a questionnaire survey was conducted to evaluate the causes of C&D waste generation. The results showed that the average C&D waste quantities generated by construction activities were 49.5 kg/m2 for public/commercial building projects and 35 kg/m2 for residential projects. At the same time, public/commercial construction, residential construction, and demolition works generated 1.480 ton/m2, 0.0495 ton/m2, and 0.035 ton/m2, respectively. The average composition of C&D waste from the construction sector was 35.4% concrete waste, followed by 19.2% tiles/blocks, and 14.2% metals, with the remainder being other materials. Meanwhile, the demolition waste was composed of 70% concrete and cement waste and 20% metals. The results showed that 54% of the projects disposed of their C&D waste directly in the landfills. The leading causes of C&D waste generation were reworks due to changes in specifications, poor material quality, improper material handling, and improper site management. Strategic C&D waste management practices are necessary for sustainable natural resource management and conservation of the environment.

ICT development has become the development pulse of the global nation. Malaysia, as a developing nation, has invested heavily in ICT development across the country to ensure no one is left behind. The policymakers have also claimed a positive result in closing the digital gap among their people. In this study, Van Dijk’s theory of digital divide is explored on the four dimensions of digital divide (motivation, physical, skill, and usage) among the native people in Sabah. A focus group discussion (FGD) was conducted among 21 key informants from seven different ethnic groups to identify the issues of ICT development in their community. The findings showed that the existence of a digital gap between the rural and the urban area community caused the community to be saddled with the connection to telecommunication service, including landline and internet. Despite lacking, the native community were receptive and willing to adopt the ICT positively for their daily activities. While the theory of digital divide observes that the physical access divide is narrowing in most developed nations, this study shows that is not the case for developing countries, such as Malaysia. The inequality in digital access is prevalent among the natives in Sabah, which could result in the opportunity to participate in important democratic decision-making.

The pilocarpine animal model of status epilepticus is a well-established, clinically translatable model that satisfies all of the criteria essential for an animal model of status epilepticus: a latency period followed by spontaneous recurrent seizures, replication of behavioural, electrographic, metabolic, and neuropathological changes, as well as, pharmacoresistance to anti-epileptic drugs similar to that observed in human status epilepticus. However, this model is also characterized by high mortality rates and studies in recent years have also seen difficulties in seizure induction due to pilocarpine resistant animals. This can be attributed to differences in rodent strains, species, gender, and the presence of the multi-transporter, P-glycoprotein at the blood brain barrier. The current paper highlights the various alterations made to the original pilocarpine model over the years to combat both the high mortality and low induction rates. These range from the initial lithium-pilocarpine model to the more recent Reduced Intensity Status Epilepticus (RISE) model, which finally brought the mortality rates down to 1%. These modifications are essential to improve animal welfare and future experimental outcomes.

Kendari is the capital of the Indonesian province of Southeast Sulawesi. It is located on mainly the karst hills region with high rainfall and there were numerous human activities on the karst hills. Many landslides have occurred in these areas. Natural and human factors may contribute to the landslide. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the present GIS map of landslide-prone areas was in agreement or compatible when compared to the actual site conditions in Kendari City. This research is mainly a regional survey. Data was collected through direct interview and observation at the sites. Data were analyzed quantitatively with percentages. The results showed that 87.4% of the area in Kendari City as shown in the map of landslide-prone distribution using GIS was included in the low risk or slightly vulnerable category. The category of landslide-prone areas was divided into; Very low risk, Low, Medium, High risk and Very high risk which represents the less vulnerable areas to the very vulnerable areas. The level of compatibility of landslide-prone maps in Kendari City, when compared with actual site conditions, reaches 75%. This shows that the map of the GIS spatial analysis can be used as a guide in mapping the level of landslide vulnerability in Kendari City. Landslide-prone map may be used as a guideline for engineers, designers, planners, and city officials in planning to reduce the risk of potential disaster.

Background The search for efficient treatments for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has highlighted the potential of plant-based therapeutic compounds and eco-friendly processes for producing selenium nanoparticles. This study investigates the antidiabetic potential of Moringa oleifera-mediated biogenic selenium nanoparticles (MO-SeNPs) in diabetic rats. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced with diabetes via a high-fat diet for 2 weeks followed by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) at 45 mg/kg body weight (BW). The rats were divided into five groups: normal, diabetic control, metformin at 100 mg/kg/BW, and two groups treated with oral administration of MO-SeNPs at 0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg body weight for 28 days. Food and water intake as well as fasting blood glucose and body weight were measured weekly. After the treatment period, rats were sacrificed, and blood and liver samples were harvested for further analysis. Results MO-SeNPs treatment significantly reduced blood glucose levels ( p < 0.05) and restored insulin resistance, with lower dose demonstrating better glycaemic control than larger dose. MO-SeNPs also increased hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity, including GSH-Px, CAT, and T-SOD, which neutralise oxidative stress. MO-SeNPs also improves cardiovascular health by raising HDL and lowering LDL. MO-SeNPs showed hepatoprotective benefits by lowering inflammatory markers such TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, iNOS, and AGEs, and reduced lipid peroxidation. Diabetes raises inflammatory indicators, causing liver damage and other problems. The reduction in these indicators shows MO-SeNPs reduce liver inflammation and protect the liver. The normalisation of liver enzyme levels (ALT, AST, ALP) showed improved liver function. Conclusions The findings suggest that the green synthesis of SeNPs using Moringa oleifera offers a viable alternative for diabetes treatment, highlighting its potential to enhance glycemic control and improve overall metabolic health.

Biodegradable plastics, mainly polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), which are traditionally produced by bacterial cells, have been produced in the cells of more than 15 plant species. Since the production of biodegradable plastics and the synthesis of oil in plants share the same substrate, acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA), producing PHB in oil bearing crops, such as oil palm, will be advantageous. In this study, three bacterial genes, bktB, phaB and phaC, which are required for the synthesis of PHB and selectable marker gene, bar, for herbicide Basta resistant, were transformed into embryogenic calli. A number of transformed embryogenic lines resistant to herbicide Basta were obtained and were later regenerated to produce few hundred plantlets. Molecular analyses, including PCR, Southern blot and real-time PCR have demonstrated stable integration and expression of the transgenes in the oil palm genome. HPLC and Nile Blue A staining analyses confirmed the synthesis of PHB in some of the plantlets.

This study was conducted to show how to use Response Surface Analysis in obtaining the optimum level of fertilizer needs by oil palm. The ridge analysis was proposed to overcome the saddle point problem. Data from Malaysian Palm Oil Board database was analyzed. The fertilizers considered are N, P, K and Mg. The results from ridge analysis provided several alternatives of the fertilizer combination. Profit analysis was then applied to determine the best combination of fertilizers needed by the oil palm in order to generate maximum profit. It is found that N and K fertilizers were the important fertilizers required by the oil palm. It is also found that the N and K nutrient concentrations of the foliar nutrient composition were higher compared to other nutrients. Three different stations were considered and it was found that the fertilizersneeded by the oil palm and foliar nutrient composition were different at the different type of soil series.

Asset management is a continuous process that runs throughout the lifecycle of a constructed facility. The current practice of asset management is paper-based consisting of manual inspection and proves to be time consuming, tedious, and prone to human error. Building Information Modelling (BIM) has been found to be an emerging technology and core of information management for the design, construction, operation and maintenance (O&M) process. Though the usefulness of BIM has been greatly realized in the AEC (Architecture, Engineering and Construction) industry, its use for O&M, particularly in asset management, is still in its infancy. This research describes a framework of an intelligent BIM record model that can capture all the assets in BIM during the construction of a building facility. All the information necessary for operation and maintenance along with the location would be stored in a database integrating with the BIM. The database library can be interrogated with BIM and serves as a repository of asset management for the built facility. The BIM record model would help to take informed decisions regarding operations, maintenance, servicing, repair and replacement of an asset hence saving labour-intensive asset inventory, time and money, and preventing the wastage of unnecessary tools acquisition.

Combined usage of computer-aided design (CAD) and building information modeling (BIM) in the same construction project can result in unwarranted issues. Stakeholders might combine CAD and BIM due to a lack of awareness of the benefits of implementing BIM exclusively. A lateral comparison between the impact of CAD and BIM on different project activities can provide stakeholders with the necessary awareness. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the task performance of BIM and CAD in completing different construction project activities in a controlled environment. To achieve that, this study used an experimental lab research approach. The study participants were industry professionals with experience in using CAD and/or BIM to produce different project outputs. The outputs were analyzed to identify shifts in task performance among the participants, including mean and median analysis and ANOVA. The results, encompassing duration, completeness, and accuracy, highlight BIM's superiority over CAD. Extrapolating these results to overall task performance, BIM exhibits approximately two times better performance than CAD. The study reveals that BIM's integrated and dynamic modeling approach contributes to its superior performance, enhancing accuracy, completeness, and efficiency in construction project activities. As a result, the study emphasizes the importance of using BIM exclusively. Nevertheless, this is the first study that laterally compares the performance of BIM and CAD in completing different construction project activities in a controlled environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]