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The main objective of the Japan internship program for young farmers is to address farmer regeneration problems in Indonesia. In other words, young farmers joining the program in Japan could gain knowledge and experience related to advanced technology, then after returning to Indonesia they could implement those skills to be entrepreneurs. Therefore, the objectives of this study were: 1) to describe the characteristics of Japan internship alumni; and 2) to analyze the contribution of individual, psychological characteristics and entrepreneurial competence toward business performance of the Japan internship alumni association. Purposive sampling approach was used to determine the respondents in this study with the number of respondents as many as 123 people. Respondents were spread from 3 provinces in Java Island, namely West Java, Central Java, and East Java. Data collection was carried out from November 2020 to March 2021. In order to answer the research objectives, path analysis was used as the basis for analyzing the contribution of individual and psychological characteristics and entrepreneurial competence to the business performance. In this research, it can be seen that there was significant influence of both individual and psychological characteristics toward entrepreneurial competency. In addition, entrepreneurial characteristic variables had both a direct and indirect influence on performance. Entrepreneurial competence also had a positive influence on business performance. This reflects that after returning to Indonesia, respondents had personalities that shape entrepreneurial competencies. In this case, these competencies can ultimately drive business performance. Thus, the Japan internship program had been able to shape individual and psychological characteristics that were able to improve entrepreneurial competence and business performance at the same time.

The importance of palm oil as Indonesia's main export commodity from the non-oil and gas sector makes a study about the price integration of crude oil and vegetable oils is conducted. The time-series data is used are monthly data from 2002:2 to 2019:4. Using the Vector Correction Model (VECM), this study aimed to analyze the price integration among Log of Crude Oil Price (LCOP), Palm Oil Price (LPOP), Soybean Oil Price (LSOP), Sun Flower Oil Price (LSFOP) and Rapeseed Oil Price (LROP). Augmented-Dickey Fuller (ADF) stationary test results show that the time series for those data are stationary at first difference. Using the Pearson Correlation test among price data indicates that there is a high positive correlation among those price data. It reveals a high degree of short-run integration among oil price data. Based on the Johansen cointegration test, the result reveals the presence of long-run relationships among determinants. Knowing presence of cointegration among the data, a bivariate cointegration test was conducted in this study. The test showed that LCOP did not have long-run relationship with vegetable oil prices. The Engel Granger Causality test revealed that generally, LPOP have influence on the movement both LCOP and other vegetable oil prices.

Pengembangan kepariwisataan mempunyai pengaruh yang positif bagi masyarakat terhadap perkembangan wilayah didaerah sekitar obyek wisata. Sama halnya dengan pariwisata di Kota Sorong, Sektor pariwisata bertindak sebagai sector utama, yaitu sector unggulan yang mampu meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Obyek Taman WisataAlam MOOI Park.Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mendeskripsikan Model Pengembangan Taman Wisata Alam MOOI Park di Kota Sorong. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan metode pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Model Pengembangan Taman Wisata Alam MOOI Park di Kota Sorong, memiliki potensi dan daya Tarik untuk menjadi salah satu destinasi yang wajib di kunjungi oleh pengunjung. Objek wisata inimemiliki pepohonan yang indah dan halaman yang luas serta pemandangan tarian ombak yang dahsyat di sepanjang pesisir MOOI Park dengan di suguhkan ukiran patung tangan manusia yang sangat unik. Beberapa fasilitas yang memadai Sehingga wisatawan dapat melakukan berbagai macam pilihan aktifitas wisata di objek wisata ini dan selalu ada perubahan atau pembaharuan yang dilakukan oleh pemilik usaha pariwisata ini agar lebih menarik setiap saat berkunjung.

The Indonesian government has a discourse to implement the tax imposition policy on staple foods during this pandemic. If the policy is implemented, it is feared that it will have a negative impact on the economy, especially in East Java. This study aimed to analyze the East Java economic model and simulate the application of the staple food tax during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study uses an econometric model with a simultaneous equation system using the Two-Stage Least Square (2SLS) method. The analysis results show that the implementation of the basic food tax, either 5 percent or 10 percent, will not have any implications for increasing East Java's GRDP. Moreover, the policy will have implications for the decline of the economy of East Java as a whole. Therefore, the government needs to reconsider the policy of taxing staple foods.

Sebagai negara dengan tingkat biodiversitas terbesar kedua di dunia, Indonesia memiliki potensi florikultura yang melimpah. Potensi tersebut antara lain potensi agroklimat, keragaman jenis, lahan, teknologi dan sumber daya manusia. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis daya saing ekspor anggrek Indonesia di pasar Jepang. Data perdagangan (ekspor) anggrek Indonesia dengan kode pos tarif/ HS 0602 digunakan untuk menjawab tujuan penelitian. Revealed Symmetry Comparative Advantage (RSCA) dan Export Competitiveness Index (ECI) masing-masing digunakan untuk menganalisis keunggulan komparatif dan kompetitif. Indonesia memiliki pangsa ekspor lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan negara eksportir lainnya. Indeks RSCA menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia bersama dengan negara eksportir lainnya tidak memiliki keunggulan komparatif di pasar anggrek Jepang. Relatif tidak berdaya saingnya negara eksportir tersebut secara komparatif mengindikasikan bahwa pasar anggrek Jepang relatif kompetitif. Berbeda halnya dengan keunggulan komparatif, Indonesia memiliki keunggulan kompetitif. Kondisi tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa anggrek Indonesia memiliki daya saing kompetitif dalam berkompetisi dengan negara eksportir lainnya. Untuk meningkatkan daya saing anggrek Indonesia diperlukan pengembangan sistem informasi khsusnya dalam melakukan promosi ke pasar tujuan. Promosi yang gencar diperlukan untuk menciptakan peluang pasar baru bagi anggrek Indonesia.

Kepemimpinan yang efektif adalah bagian integral dari efektifitas suatu organisasi pemerintah. Oleh karena itu, artikel ini bertujuan memaparkan mengenai studi pengembangan system pelatihan kepemimpinan dalam rangka mempersiapkan calon pemimpin masa depan. Pelatihan kepemimpinan bagi organisasi pemerintah di Indonesia pada dasarnya telah menjadi konsen pemerintah sejak lama. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa secara umum penyelenggaraan pelatihan kepemimpinan sudah efektif. Akan tetapi, pelatihan kepemimpinan masih membutuhkan perbaikan khususnya pada dampak pelatihan terhadap kinerja organisasi. Pelatihan cenderung dianggap sebagai beban biaya, belum sebagai investasi yang dapat diukur tingkat pengembalian. Kondisi tersebut menuntut lembaga pelatihan kepemimpinan dapat mengembangkan kerangka strategi pendekatan secara holistic. Pendekatan tersebut dapat dilakukan melalui: 1) pengembangan calon peserta program pendidikan dan pelatihan melalui manajemen talenta; 2) restrukturisasi program pendidikan pelatihan melalui inovasi model program, pengembangan lembaga dan buying leaders dan 3) Integrasi program pendidikan dan pelatihan dengan lelang jabatan melalui pemanfaatan talent pool. Adanya integrasi dari ketiga pendekatan tersebut diharapkan dapat menghasilkan calon pemimpin masa depan yang handal dan berkarakter.

Indonesian meat consumption has 40 percent deficit which was covered by importing. Meat price in international market tend to fluctuate. The gap between domestic demand and supply meat also the imported price fluctuation causes instability of domestic price. This research is conducted to analyze the volatility of meat price which implicated to food security in Indonesia. ARCH-GARCH model is used to estimate meat price volatility in Indonesia. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller and cointegration test have been used for testing the presence of unit root and cointegration in the series. Langrange multiplier has been utilized to detect the presence of autoregressive conditional effect. Daily meat prices used are national average price which obtained from the Indonesia Ministry of Trade. This study reveals that meat price in Indonesia has high volatility with increasing price over the research period. The empirical model also shows asymetry effect. The results recommend that Indonesia should apply comprehensive managed import such as not only import on fresh meat and ready to cut bovine but also on breeding bovine. By the fulfilling production and stock, meat price can be more stable. By the price stabilization, food security concept will be reached so that every layer society can consume meat.

Farmer institutions are places where people gather to channel their aspirations, opinions, and tools to fulfill their basic needs. The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics and the participation of members of the Japanese internship alumni association to the farmer institution. This research was conducted from September 2020 to March 2021. The respondents were determined as many as 50 alumni by purposive sampling ranging fromWest Java, Central Java to East Java Provinces. The data analysis used was descriptive qualitative method. The results showed that the characteristics of the members of the Japanese internship alumni association in general were relatively young, had relatively high formal and informal education, and most of their businesses had well developed. The participation of members of the Japanese internship alumni association to participate in the farmer institution was 94%. In addition, most of the Japanese alumni had a role as committee members in the farmers institution, 68%, and had been involved for a relatively long time in the farmer institution. The involvement of alumni in agricultural institutions for more than 10 years. One of the reasons for Japanese internship alumni to join the institution was to help gain access to knowledge and technology. This indicates that alumni had a high level of awareness of the strategic role of farmer institutions in advancing their business.

Future problems in the Indonesian agricultural sektor are not only limited to the stagnation of agricultural commodity production, but also the regeneration of young Indonesian farmers. The agricultural sektor is experiencing an aging workforce, where most of the agricultural sektor workforce is dominated by elderly farmers. One of the government's efforts to overcome this problem is the issuance of the Japanese Apprenticeship Program for Young Farmers. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the role of the program in regenerating Indonesian farmers. As many as 50 program alumni who are members of the Japan Apprenticeship Alumni Association were used as respondents. Determination of respondents based on purposive sampling, with consideration of the distance. The qualitative descriptive analysis approach was used in order to answer the research objectives. The results showed that all of the respondents' alumni continued their business in agriculture after returning to Indonesia. In terms of operating income, there was an increase in operating income before and after alumni from Japan. In addition, there has been an increase in the number of employees employed by the respondent's alumni. This indicates an effort made by alumni in order to empower the surrounding community. Thus, the Japanese apprenticeship program has made a positive contribution to efforts to regenerate farmers in the agricultural sektor. In order to provide comprehensive input, further research is needed to quantitatively analyze the impact of the program on the regeneration rate of farmers.

Garam merupakan komoditas strategis Indonesia yang permintaannya akan terus meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan jumlah penduduk. Adanya ketidakseimbangan antara kebutuhan garam dalam negeri dengan produksi garam domestik mendorong pemerintah untuk melakukan impor garam. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi volume permintaan dan efektivitas kebijakan impor garam Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode regresi data panel dari tahun 2004-2013. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap volume permintaan impor garam Indonesia yaitu: produksi garam domestik, harga garam impor, Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) riil Indonesia, PDB riil negara sumber impor dan nilai tukar riil. Produksi garam domestik dan harga garam impor memiliki hubungan yang negatif dengan volume impor, sedangkan variabel lainnya memiliki hubungan yang positif. Temuan lain adalah kebijakan impor yang telah dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah belum sepenuhnya efektif diterapkan pada saat studi ini dilakukan. Rekomendasi kebijakan yang seharusnya dapat diterapkan oleh pemerintah yaitu sinkronisasi data, penguatan pengawasan kebijakan impor, serta intensifikasi dan ekstensifikasi lahan untuk meningkatkan produksi garam domestik. Salt is a strategic commodity which its demand will continue to increase along with the increasing population. The imbalance between the demand and the supply of salt in Indonesia encourages the government to import salt. This study aimed to analyze: the factors that influence the demand of salt import, the effectiveness of salt import and alternative formulation of domestic salt policies. The panel regression model was conducted to address the problem. The study found that the variables that significantly influenced the import demand of salt in Indonesia were domestic salt production, imported salt price, real GDP of Indonesia, real GDP of importing source country and real exchange rate. Domestic salt production and imported salt price had a negative relationship towards import volume, while other variables had a positive relationship. Another finding is that the goverment policy of importing salt has not been fully implemented at the time of this study. The policies that should be further improved by the goverment can be done by synchronizing the data, strenghtening the monitoring import policy, land intensification and extension support in order to produce salt.

Salt is a strategic and high economic valued commodity because it is needed in every human food as a main raw material. The purpose of this research was to analyze marketing channels, function, structure and marketing institutions of farmer salt commodity and to analyze the efficiency of farmer salt marketing in anymarketing channel using marketing margin, farmer’s share and benefit cost ratio approach. The research showed that there were main channels, the formation of which was based on the starting point of the distribution with different institutions, functions and market structure in each channel. The result of operational efficiency analysis indicator and qualitative indicator showed that all marketing channels were inefficient. This was due to the fact that farmers had a role as a price taker and price fixing tended to be unfair because farmer had a weak bargaining power. Thus, goverment role was hoped to change farmers‘roles and improve the presence of farmer groups to increase farmer prosperity.

Kepuasan peserta merupakan salah satu faktor yang harus diwujudkan oleh suatu lembaga pelatihan khususnya dalam rangka untuk menjaga keberlanjutannya. Penyelenggara pelatihan memiliki urgensi untuk dapat melakukan evaluasi secara terus menerus terhadap pelatihan yang telah diadakan, sebagai bentuk upaya untuk memperbaiki layanannya. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan tingkat kepuasan pelayanan dengan keberhasilan teknis bagi penyuluh pertanian di Balai Pelatihan Pertanian Jambi. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan data cross section, dimana responden dalam studi ini adalah penyuluh pertanian yang mengikuti pelatihan teknis di Balai Pelatihan Pertanian Jambi dari bulan Januari hingga Juni 2019. Statistika deskriptif, dependent t test dan uji korelasi Spearman digunakan untuk menjawab tujuan studi ini. Tingkat kepuasan peserta terhadap pelatihan teknis bagi penyuluh pertanian didapatkan hasil baik dengan rata-rata persentase sebesar 81.34%. Hasil dependent t test menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan antara pre-test dan post-test pada taraf nyata 5%. Kondisi tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan pada peserta pelatihan setelah mengikuti pelatihan tersebut. Selain itu, hasil korelasi spearman menunjukkan bahwa hanya hubungan positif antara tingkat kepuasan materi dengan keberhasilan signifikan secara statistik pada taraf nyata 10%. Hasil tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa materi yang dikemas dalam pelatihan harus lebih disesuaikan lagi terhadap kebutuhan dari peserta pelatihan. Dengan kata lain, penyelenggara pelatihan perlu melakukan identifikasi kebutuhan pelatihan secara sistematis dengan mengedepankan kebutuhan khsusnya bagi peserta pelatihan. Dengan tingginya tingkat kepuasan peserta pelatihan terhadap materi pelatihan diharapkan dapat meningkatkan motivasi peserta pelatihan untuk meningkatkan keberhasilannya. Kata Kunci: evaluasi, keberhasilan, kepuasan, pelatihan

Dampak terbukanya pasar pada komoditas kopi dunia ditunjukkan dengan adanya kelebihan pasokankopi di dunia. Di sisi lain, permintaan kopi dunia mengalami stagnasi bahkan pada beberapa negaraimportir mengalami penurunan, sehingga hal tersebut menyebabkantingginyatingkatpersainganantarnegaraprodusen. Penelitian ini menggambarkan daya saing kopiIndonesia di pasar Amerika sebagai negara importir kopi terbesar. Pendekatan persamaan two-stagedemand digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Persamaan pertama menganalisis permintaan Amerikamenggunakan pendekatan persamaan linier double-log untuk mengidentifikasi respon harga secaraumum pada perdagangan internasional. Persamaan kedua membedakan komoditas berdasarkannegara asal menggunakan pendekatan error correction almost ideal demand system (ECAIDS).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan harga teh sebagai produk substitusi dari kopi sangatberpengaruh terhadap permintaan kopi. Peningkatan pengeluaran impor Amerika akan meningkatkanpangsa ekspor Indonesia dengan nilai yang lebih kecil dibandingkan peningkatan negara lainnya.Kopi Indonesia memiliki hubungan komplementer dengan kopi Colombia, namun saling substitusidengan negara lainnya. Indonesia memiliki daya saing yang relatif lemah dan untuk meningkatkandaya saingnya, Indonesia sebaiknya menurunkan biaya produksi dengan meningkatkan produktivitasdan kualitasnya melalui promosi.Katakunci: daya saing, Indonesia, kopi, permintaan imporABSTRACTThe impact of open market in world coffee comodity is reflected by the excess supply of world coffee.On the other hand, world coffee demand has faced stagnation even in some importer countriesdecreased, so that it causes high level of competition among producers. This study representsIndonesia’s coffee competitiveness in United States market as the largest coffee importer. A two-stage demand equation was employed in this study. The first equation analyzed the United statedemand by using a double logarithmic-linear approach to identify price responses generally ininternational trade. The second equation distinguished commodities by the origin country using anerror correction almost ideal demand system (ECAIDS) approach. The result implied that a changeof tea price as a subtitute product of coffee strongly affected on coffee import demand. Theincreasing of US’s import expenditure would increase Indonesia export share which is relativelysmaller than the increasing of other countries. Indonesia coffee had complementary relationshipwith Colombia coffee; however, with other countries were subtituted each other. Indonesia had arelatively weak market competitiveness and to improve its market competitiveness, Indonesia shouldbecome more competitive in cost allocation by improving the productivity and its quality throughpromotion.Keywords: competitiveness, Indonesia, coffee, import demand

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat hubungan antara gaya kepemimpinan dan motivasi terhadap kinerja pegawai. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Badan Kepegawaian dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia kota Baubau dengan menggunakan 38 orang pegawai sebagai sampel. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan pendekatan regresi sederhana untuk membuktikan hipotesis satu dan dua, serta pendekatan analisis jalur (path analysis) untuk membuktikan hipotesis tiga. Hasil analisis membuktikan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara gaya kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja pegawai dengan koefisien pengaruh sebesar 2.595; terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara motivasi terhadap kinerja pegawai dengan koefisien pengaruh sebesar 4.469; dan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kepemimpinan melalui motivasi terhadap kinerja pegawai dengan koefisien pengaruh sebesar 0.271 atau 27.1%.Kata Kunci: Gaya Kepemimpinan, Motivasi, Kinerja Pegawai

Countries in Europe, China and USA are the main destination of Indonesia's CPO exports so that in order to avoid more significant declining in value and export volume because of trade war and the existance of CPO black campaign, Indonesia must take a diversified step, especially for export market diversification. This study illustrates the condition of Indonesian CPO competitiveness in non-traditional markets, measures the position of Indonesia CPO export market attractiveness, and analyzes factors influence CPO exports. Data used are secondary data obtained from various resources. The time series and cross sections data consecutively consist of variables from 2002 to 2017 and 11 nontraditional importing countries. Time series variables consist of volume export of Indonesia CPO, exchange rate, export price, Indonesia GDP, importers GDP, and economic distance. X–model product export potential and gravity model were used to address the objectives. Indonesian CPO has optimistic market development potential because Indonesia CPO has strong competitiveness and in a rising star position.The analysis result with gravity model showed the factors affecting Indonesian CPO export to nontraditional countries was exchange rate, Indonesia GDP, importers GDP, and economic distance. Government role is important to initiate a long term trade agreement which benefits both parties.

The impact affected by the covid–19 pandemic influences various sectors in Indonesia, with no exception in agriculture sector. However, the agriculture sector still becomes a sustaining sector for other economic sectors because society's necessity is fulfilled by agriculture. Shallot is one of seven important commodities as basic needs for Indonesian and horticulture primadonna. Covid–19 pandemic presence influences shallot marketing indirectly from farmer till modern market. This research was conducted to analyze market efficiency of national shallot before and after covid–19 pandemic breaking out in Indonesia and used secondary data, which was approached through price data in farmers, wholesalers, traditional markets, and modern markets. This research would be analyzed using Ordinary Least Square approach on Ravallion Model. The research result showed that national shallot market was inefficient in the middle of a pandemic. Characteristic of shallot market was certainly volatile and had fluctuated prices, but it was more volatile in the middle of pandemic than before the pandemic broke out. It could be seen from market connection index and variance value. One of causes that is undeniable is distribution and information obstruction, which is caused by pandemic breaking. Besides, Large Scale Social Restriction rule caused shallot distribution disturbed.

Since 1984, the Japan internship program has been implemented to increase the capacity and income of young farmers in Indonesia. The existence of internship activities has changed the mindset and abilities of farmers in their farming organizations, even some of the trainee had changed their agribusiness sector when this program had ended. The purpose of this study was to identify factors that influenced farmers’ decisions in changing their agricultural businesses after the Japaninternship program. This research was conducted in East Java Province, Indonesia from September 2020 to February 2021. The farmers were selected purposively as many as 34 people. Data were analyzed using logit regression analysis. The results of the analysis showed that the factors that significantly influenced farmers’ decisions to change the type of agribusiness sector were the motivation level in the business, business experience, the existence of business license, presence of business brands, and participation in agricultural institutions. The existence of Japaninternshipactivities has changed the mindset of farmers to better manage their businesses. In addition, some farmers have even changed their agribusiness sector to a more profitable business.