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Given the increasing aging population and the rising prevalence of musculoskeletal diseases due to obesity and injury, urgent research is needed to formulate new treatment alternatives, as current options remain inadequate. Viruses can exacerbate arthritis and worsen symptoms in patients with pre-existing osteoarthritis. Over the past decade, the chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has emerged as a significant public health concern, especially in Asia and South America. Exploring natural products, such as berberine, has shown promise due to its anticatabolic, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, berberine’s low stability and bioavailability limit its efficacy. We hypothesized that encapsulating berberine into a proniosome gel, known for its ease of preparation and stability, could enhance its bioavailability and efficacy when applied topically, potentially treating CHIKV infection. Our investigation focused on how varying berberine loads and selected excipients in the proniosome gel influenced its physical properties, stability, and skin permeability. We also examined the biological half-life of berberine in plasma upon topical administration in mice to assess the potential for controlled and sustained drug release. Additionally, we analyzed the antioxidant stress activity and cell viability of HaCaT keratinocytes and developed a lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cell culture model to evaluate anti-inflammatory effects using pro-inflammatory cytokines. Overall, the research aims to transform the treatment landscape for arthritis by leveraging berberine’s therapeutic potential.

Liposomes are phospholipid bilayer vesicles, which are biocompatible, biodegradable and nontoxic vehicles suitable for numerous drug and gene delivery applications. In this review, we discuss the prospect of using liposome technology in the development of a vaccine for tuberculosis. Tuberculosis remains an important health problem that requires the development of an effective vaccine, especially since the only approved vaccine for it continues to be the Bacille Calmette-Geurin (BCG) one developed 100 years ago. This review focuses on the different applications of liposomes toward achieving this goal. Numerous liposomal formulations showing prospect in the research stage and in clinical trials are discussed.

Stunting in children under five is a public health problem in Indonesia, especially in lowland areas related to food consumption patterns. This study aims to determine the relationship between food consumption patterns and the incidence of toddler stunting in lowland areas in the Province of South Kalimantan, Indonesia. This type of research is quantitative descriptive, and the sample study amounted to 166 toddlers 12-59 months. The instrument used was a threaded form of the expected food pattern score (DDP) and a 24-hour food recall to determine the diversity of food consumption for toddlers. To determine the relationship between food consumption patterns and stunting, Chi-Square analysis (α = 0.05) was used. The results showed that the average actual energy of under five was quite diverse, with a DDP score of 76.4. The average energy consumed by toddlers at 1296.4 kcal/cap/day. The highest food groups consumed by toddlers are grains at 740.3 kcal/cap/day, and the lowest oily seeds fruit food group at 7.8 kcal/cap/day. Based on the analysis of Chi-Square shows the results of 21.715 and p-value = 0.000 (α = 0.05), then α > p-value indicates a link between food consumption patterns in toddlers with the incidence of stunting in toddlers in lowlands.

The DeLone and McLean (D&M) information systems (IS) success model seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of IS success by identifying and explaining the relationships among their most critical dimensions of success. Many studies have offered important insights into this model. Nevertheless, regarding the e-learning body of knowledge, D&M research remains to be systematically reviewed comprehensively. E-learning refers to the use of information technology to disseminate knowledge for education and training. With today’s e-learning boom necessitated for the most part by COVID-19, its adoption has become increasingly mandatory. Thus, a systematic review should help focus and accelerate future research. This study systematically reviews, compiles, analyzes, and synthesizes the D&M model studies in the e-learning context. This review adopts automatic and manual search methods to collect related studies from 2010 to 2020. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 92 primary studies are identified. The findings show that most of reviewed studies were conducted in the education field. The success category was the most highly investigated area from among the selected studies. Most studies developed a hybrid/extended model. Additionally, this study also identified gaps in the literature and recommends seven potential future areas requiring further investigation, such as conducting studies to examine the net benefits at the organizational level of analysis. To that end, the findings of this systematic review study provide an impactful contribution through offering a holistic review of the current state of D&M model studies in an e-learning context, providing an essential reference for scholars in this field.

The study wants to provide an insight into the importance of reward and punishment in relation to education. It is realized that the learning method by using reward and punishment can encourage students to have motivation to learn. As for the results in this study Reward and punishment are techniques to touch someone's psychic side so that they understand if they make a mistake, as a result the child will continue to be optimistic if what he did is right and stop after making a mistake.

Seni anyaman adalah suatu bentuk kraf yang tidak dapat dipisahkan daripada masyarakat Melayu di Malaysia dan rumpun Nusantara. Memandangkan seni seni anyaman merupakan tunjang kepada kebudayaan masyarakat Melayu maka sewajarnya seni anyaman ini dipelihara agar tidak luput ditelan zaman. Pengetahuan dan kemahiran menyaman pelbagai objek perlu disebarkan dalam kalangan masyarakat. Oleh itu, kajian ini dijalankan bertujuan untuk meneliti anyaman dari segi bahan, alat dan proses.dan seterusnya menterjemahkan teknik-teknik anyaman ke dalam bentuk perisian multimedia interaktif yang mampu menyebarkan maklumat berkaitan dengan Seni Anyaman Melayu berasaskan buluh, mengkuang dan rotan. Fokus kajian ialah anyaman nyiru, tikar dan kerusi. Pembangunan perisian multimedia interaktif ini menggunakan perisian Adobe Flash CS 3 dan berpandukan Model ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). Pengujian ke atas perisian ini dbuat menggunakan instrumen kajian yang terdiri daripada soal selidik, temubual dan pemerhatian. Responden terdiri daripada pensyarah, pegawai muzium, pegawai Kementerian Kebudayaan, Kesenian dan Warisan dan guru. Hasil penilaian menunjukkan gabungan teknologi multimedia dengan applikasi teori pembelajaran dalam reka bentuk Pembangunan Perisian Multimedia Interaktif: Seni Anyaman Melayu mampu menampilkan sesuatu konsep yang sukar ke dalam bentuk maujud dan dapat membantu pengguna dalam memahami konsep dan teknik dalam seni anyaman Melayu. Perisian ini boleh dijadikan sebagai alternatif dalam kaedah penyampaian bahan pengajaran dan pembelajaran dan boleh dimanfaatkan oleh semua golongan masyarakat yang berminat untuk mempelajari teknik dan proses anyaman Melayu.

Radical Combustion: New Concept For Two Stroke Engines

Food contaminated with heavy metals poses a serious threat to consumers. This study aims to assess levels of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in offals of chicken, cattle, and pig as well as tin (Sn) in canned food. A total of 378 offal samples was collected from wet markets, while 218 canned food samples were purchased locally. Samples were digested using a microwave before analysis with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Pb was determined, highest in cattle lung (0.11 ± 0.20 mg/kg) followed by cattle spleen (0.09 ± 0.14 mg/kg), and cattle tripe (0.09 ± 0.12 mg/kg). For Cd, the highest concentrations were in cattle liver (0.13 ± 0.12 mg/kg), pig liver (0.08 ± 0.05 mg/kg), and chicken liver (0.03 ± 0.02 mg/kg). Significant variations of Sn levels existed in different canned food categories with 3.21% samples (n = 7) exceeded the maximum level of 250 mg/kg set by Codex Alimentarius. All offal samples were below the Malaysian regulatory limits, indicating their safety for human consumption. However, Sn levels varied significantly among canned food categories, with the highest levels found in canned pineapple chunks in syrup, mixed pineapple cubes in syrup, pineapple slices and longan. Samples exceeding the maximum level set by Codex Alimentarius may pose a risk to consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]