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Abstract Background and objective Stroke is a leading cause of disability and death globally. Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with clopidogrel and aspirin is a common intervention for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and transient ischemic attack (TIA). This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of DAPT compared to aspirin monotherapy in preventing recurrent stroke. Methods We performed a systematic search of electronic databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus up to April 1, 2024. Eligible studies involved adult patients with acute stroke or TIA receiving either DAPT with clopidogrel and aspirin or aspirin monotherapy, with follow-up durations between 30 and 90 days. Data were extracted on recurrent stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, myocardial infarction, all-cause mortality, and functional outcomes measured by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Statistical analyses were conducted using relative risk (RR) and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals, and heterogeneity was evaluated using I 2 statistics. Results From 2344 articles screened, 33 studies involving 15,376 participants were included. DAPT significantly reduced the risk of recurrent stroke (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.75–0.97, I 2 = 42%, p = 0.02). However, DAPT was associated with an increased, but not statistically significant, risk of hemorrhagic stroke (RR 1.27, 95% CI 0.55–2.90, I 2 = 51%, p = 0.23). There were no significant differences in the risk of myocardial infarction or all-cause mortality between the two groups. Functional outcomes indicated that DAPT reduced the risk of disability (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.70–0.92, I 2 = 35%, p = 0.004). Conclusion DAPT with clopidogrel and aspirin is more effective than aspirin monotherapy in reducing recurrent strokes but may increase the risk of hemorrhagic stroke. Individualized patient assessment is crucial to balance the benefits and risks of DAPT. Further high-quality, long-term studies are needed to confirm these findings and inform clinical practice.

Monostatic radar shares a single antenna between the transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) and offers an advantage of the reduced sensor size. However, due to the limited isolation of the coupler, the TX signal leaking into the RX significantly degrades the performance of the monostatic doppler radar. This paper presents the design of an ultra-compact impedance tuner (IT) which is connected to the lumped Rat-Race coupler to minimize the TX to RX leakage signal. The IT offers 5-bit phase control and 8-bit magnitude control via the Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI); moreover, it uses SiGe transistors in reverse saturation to enhance the impedance tuning performance. The size of the IT is only 0.04 mm2 and its power consumption is 4 mW at 3.3V power supply. A two-channel 60 GHz monostatic doppler phased array radar chip has been designed and fabricated in 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS technology for vital signs monitoring application. The measured TX to RX isolation due to the Rat-Race coupler is 22 dB; moreover, IT provides the additional isolation of 27 dB, giving total TX to RX isolation of 49 dB at 60 GHz. The design, simulation and measurements of the IT and its measured leakage cancellation performance is reported in this paper.

Abstract The livelihoods of small-scale fisheries in South Malang of Indonesia are being notably influenced by ecosystem degradation and climate change. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the vulnerability of small-scale fisheries in South Malang of Indonesia using the livelihood vulnerability index. The livelihood vulnerability was estimated using five major components and 20 sub-components. The data were obtained from small-scale fisheries in South Malang of Indonesia through questionnaires directed to the respondents using simple random sampling. The findings indicate that two main components (livelihood strategy and climate variability and natural disaster) were included in high vulnerability, while another two main components (sociodemographic and social network) were categorized as moderate vulnerability. The sensitivity components, including access to water, electricity, and health) were perceived as low vulnerability. Based on the findings of this study, it recommends that policymakers need to develop policies and campaigns regarding climate awareness and adaptation strategies by small-scale fisheries.

Nutrients in sandy soil are limited due to low absorption capacity and are easily leached or evaporated. Biosilica and humic acid extracted from compost and husk ash can improve the soil structure and absorption capacity to optimize the availability and uptake of nutrients. Therefore, this research aims to examine the optimal application dose of biosilica and humic acid to improve the chemical properties of soil with a sandy texture. The experiment was structured based on a completely randomized design (CRD). Factor 1 consisted of biosilica doses of 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 tons ha-1, while factor 2 comprised humic acid doses of 0, 20, 40, and 60 kg ha-1. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s Honest Significant Difference (HSD) test, correlation, and determination analysis. The study results indicate that the combination of biosilica and humic acid contributes to the changes in nutrient availability. The impact of the treatment was observed 90 days after application on the parameters of soil pH, organic C, total N, and exchangeable K. The effects of the treatment were also evident in plant nutrient uptake, specifically in total N in the roots and total K in the stems. The optimal combination for improving soil nutrient availability and nutrient uptake in plant tissues was a biosilica dose of 1.0 tons ha-1 (S2) and humic acid at 40 kg ha-1 (H2).

This study examines the authorisation of religion in handling COVID-19 through religious fatwā issued by the Indonesian Ulema Council, popularly known as the Majelis Ulama’ Indonesia (MUI), and the Council of Senior Scholars of Saudi Arabia (CSS). The objectives of this study are threefold: firstly, to analyse the methodological formulation of MUI and CSS fatwā regarding COVID-19 handling; secondly, to identify the factors underlying the issuance of these fatwā; and thirdly, to assess the impact of MUI and CSS fatwā on COVID-19 handling. Using a qualitative descriptive research method and conducting a case study of the MUI and CSS fatwā institutions, it was found that the methodological basis of the MUI and CSS fatwā on COVID-19 includes sources from the Qur’an, hadith, ijmā’ (consensus), and qiyas (analogy), as well as maqāṣīd sharī’ah. Referring to maqāṣīd sharī’ah considerations, two priority dimensions emerge as factors in the issuance of MUI and CSS fatwā: ḥifẓ al-dīn (preservation of religion) and ḥifẓ al-nafs (preservation of life). This study also highlights the significant impact of MUI and CSS fatwā on COVID-19 handling. In this context, fatwā play a role as part of prevention strategies due to their strong theological influence and effective enforcement of policy implementation. This fatwā is especially pertinent given the roles of MUI and CSS, which, from the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, have contributed to supporting government policies through the fatwā they issued. However, differences exist. MUI fatwā tend to be recommendations and appeals, often disregarded by the public as they lack legal sanctions for non-compliance. However, fatwā issued by CSS possess absolute authority. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of how religious authorization can support public health policies during a pandemic. Additionally, it offers insights for enhancing the effectiveness of fatwā in the context of future health crises.

This study aims to improve elementary school students' systems thinking skills through sustainable development-oriented learning. This research method uses an experiment with a quantitative approach to test the effectiveness of developing elementary school students' systems thinking skills. The learning prepare expressly employments the STEL (System Thinking & ESD Learning) learning show which is taken after by 19 basic school understudies in Tasikmalaya City, West Java. The instrument used is an essay test consisting of 8 questions with an assessment rubric made on a scale of 1-3, then the value processing is converted into a maximum score of 100 so that it is easier to analyze the value of elementary school students' systems thinking skills. Information collection was carried out some time recently and after the execution of learning utilizing the STEL model. Generally, the comes about of the pretest-posttest think about of students' systems thinking abilities experienced an insignificant increment. These results provide an overview that elementary school students' systems thinking skills can be developed, only the pretest results of 37.47 and posttest of 49.89 certainly show the results of an increase in students' systems thinking. An important note from the results of this study provides information that systems thinking skills can be developed gradually and sustainably. The learning process through the STEL learning model will prepare understudies to discover the center of environmental issues efficiently and empower understudies to pay more consideration to the affect of each of their exercises and take more mindful activities as it were for environmental, social and economic sustainability.

Abstract The lung is one of the most frequently metastasized organs from various cancer entities, especially colorectal cancer (CRC). The occurrence of lung metastasis correlates with worse prognosis in CRC patients. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of IL-10 in lung metastasis development and identify the cellular source and target cells of IL-10 during lung metastatic establishment. To induce lung metastasis in mice, we injected MC38 murine colon cancer cells intravenously. Mice with Il10-deficiency were used to test the role of IL-10. The lung metastatic burden was assessed both macroscopically and histologically. IL-10- and Foxp3-reporter mice were employed to identify the cellular source and target cells of IL-10 in lung metastasis using flow cytometry. These findings were further confirmed using mice with cell-specific deletion of Il10- and IL-10 receptor (Il10ra). Interestingly, Il10 ablation led to reduced lung metastasis formation, suggesting a pathogenic role of IL-10 in lung metastasis. Moreover, using reporter mice, we identified Foxp3 + regulatory T cells (Tregs) as the predominant cellular source of IL-10 in lung metastasis. Accordingly, Foxp3 + Treg-specific deletion of Il10 resulted in decreased lung metastasis formation. In terms of target cells, myeloid cells and Foxp3 + Tregs expressed high IL-10Ra levels. Indeed, IL-10 signaling blockade in these two immune cell populations resulted in reduced lung metastatic burden. In conclusion, Foxp3 + Treg-derived IL-10 was found to act on Foxp3 + Tregs and myeloid cells, thereby promoting lung metastasis formation. These findings provide insights into lung metastasis-related immunity and establish the groundwork for optimizing metastasis-targeting immunotherapies through targeting of IL-10 as a novel therapeutic strategy.

A decline in auditor performance has become a public concern, particularly due to the auditors’ involvement in Role Conflict and Due Professional Care during audits. The objective of this research is to determine the extent to which role conflict influences auditor performance and the extent to which due professional care impacts auditor performance. The research method employed is descriptive verification with a quantitative approach using multiple linear regression analysis through the Pearson product moment, and data collection techniques with questionnaires tested using SPSS 23.0 for Windows software. The results of this study indicate that role conflict and due professional care influence auditor performance, meaning if the auditor can manage existing conflicts well and is able to use professional skills, then Auditor Performance will increase. Similar research results also occurred in Iran and the United States, where auditor performance declined due to the lack of spiritual intelligence of auditors and communication modes. The novelty of this research is that auditor performance declines due to different roles that must be performed simultaneously, resulting in role conflict when conducting an examination that violates due professional care. This research underlines that if role conflict can be minimized and due professional care increases, then auditor performance will also increase.

Lakes can form naturally through natural events or artificially through human activities. Silosung Lake is a natural lake in Siponjot Village, Lintong Nihuta District, Humbang Hasundutan Regency. Lake morphometry refers to the physical characteristics of the lake body, while bathymetry refers to the measurement and mapping of the topographic conditions of the lake bottom. It is essential to know the morphometric and bathymetric characteristics and trophic status of the lake to achieve sustainable lake management. This study aims to determine the characteristics of bathymetry, morphometry, and tropic status of Lake Silosung. This research was conducted in July 2023. The data collection in this study includes lake perimeter data, lake depth data, lake length and width data, and lake water quality data. This research indicates that Silosung Lake has an area of 104,806.6 m² with a lake perimeter length of 1,573.5 m, a maximum length of 474.53 m, and a maximum width of 420.62 m. The maximum depth is 17 m, the average depth is 10.09 m, the relative depth is 7.9% with an average slope of 15.9%, the compensation depth is 4.32 m, and the Shoreline Development Index (SDI) value is 2.74. The Morpho Edapic Index (MEI) value is 2.88. Silosung Lake has a lake water volume of 1,057,108.6 m³. The average Tropic State Index (TSI) value is 15.71, indicating that the trophic status of Silosung Lake is oligotrophic, meaning its productivity is low.

PT Citra Sawit Indah Lestari is a business operating in the oil palm plantation sector. Based on initial observations, it turns out that the supply of inorganic fertilizer raw materials at PT Citra Sawit Indah Lestari has not been planned properly so that one time the raw materials run out during the production process, it often happens that excess orders for inorganic fertilizer raw materials result in the raw materials not being able to be used. . And the storage warehouse is full, which will disrupt the operations of raw material collection by employees. The aim of this research is to apply Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) in controlling inorganic fertilizer raw materials at PT Citra Sawit Indah Lestari to maintain the stability of oil palm fruit production. The research method used in this research is qualitative research. The results of this research are that the system designed is in accordance with the needs of PT Citra Sawit Indah Lestari and makes work easier in controlling inorganic fertilizer raw materials. The conclusion is that the application of the Economic Order Quantity method in managing the supply of inorganic fertilizer raw materials at the web-based PT Citra Sawit Indah Lestari makes it easier for business owners to manage fertilizer supplies well so that it is easier to order goods in the next period.

This study aims to determine whether using SIBERAS digital technology-based applications can help village governments improve the quality of public services and the factors that influence it. The type of research used is quantitative. Data collection techniquesuse observation and questionnaires. The results showed the quality of public services through the SIBERAS application in Bulovillage, Sidenreng Rappang Regency, Indonesia, on variable X with an unfavorable classification of 56.3%. At the same time, the Yvariable in the excellent classification is 62%. The most influential factor is training. The study's results contribute to developing aresearch roadmap on public services using digital technology-based applications. The limitation of this study is that it only reveals one village in Indonesia, so the research findings cannot thoroughly describe the villages in Indonesia. The following research needsto be carried out in more villages to provide an overview of improving the quality of public services from village governments usingdigital technology-based applications.

This study aims to delve deeper into the understanding of metacognitive strategies in students’ Arabic writing. Metacognitive strategies in Arabic writing are crucial because this language is not their mother tongue in their habits. Moreover, there are substantial differences between sounds and writing symbols in Arabic that have distinct characteristics compared to foreign languages, like European languages in particular. Using the non-experimental method, we used 40 samples of mid-year students studying in the Arabic Language Study Program. They are given instructions to write an Arabic essay within the allotted time. We tested the data from the questionnaire using statistical descriptive and Pearson's correlational techniques. Meanwhile, the results of student essay writing were assessed according to the criteria of Holly L. Jacob. Through statistical descriptive tests, it was found that the average use of metacognitive strategies (MS) was 71.70, while the average essay score (ES) was 80.60. Based on Pearson's correlation test, it was found that Sig. (2-tailed) MS and ES were 0.078 and Pearson correlation was 0.282. Through these calculations, it shows that there is no correlation between the x and y variables, positive correlation values, and weak degrees. Meanwhile, based on the observation of the assessment results, it shows that there are repeated errors in organizing, language use, and writing techniques. These findings show that MS that is good at writing Arabic without adequate writing knowledge will produce less quality writing. And vice versa, adequate author knowledge without a good MS will result in less structured and coherent writing.

The purpose of this study is to describe the role of Gapoktan through the Cooperative Farming Model in Karang Indah Village, Mandastana District, Barito District, Kuala Kalimantan. Describe the Gapoktan Karang Indah Program in advancing the community's economy, describing. Describe the impact of the Gapoktan program through cooperative farming. This type of research is qualitative research with a description approach. Research Instruments with Quantitative data through self-researchers (Human Instruments). Sources of data through interviews, observations and documentation. Qualitative data analysis consists of data reduction, data display and drawing conclusions. The validity of the data through triangulation. The results showed that (1) the Cooperative Farming Model plays a role in the management of rice entrepreneurs in expediting the distribution of rice commodities and encouraging the development of sustainable agricultural development. (2) The Gapoktan program in Karang Indah for rice farmers consists of socialization, partnership programs (government and private), and entrepreneurial agriculture-based training. (3) Gapoktan through the Cooperative Farming Model has a real impact on increasing rice farmer household income with the help of capital and financing. The use of the Cooperative Farming Model has a positive and significant impact in terms of the pattern of economic life of the Karang Indah village community.

Digital transformation in public services is essential for enhancing government performance and modernizing systems. In the realm of multicultural communication, it's crucial that technology is both technically effective and culturally inclusive. This research analyzes trends in digital government transformation from 2018 to 2022, revealing 340 indexed research articles in the Scopus database. Using qualitative research and bibliometric analysis with CiteSpace software, the study examines publications based on the number of articles, contributing countries, fields of study, authors, affiliated institutions, and citation counts. The findings indicate a rising trend in publications, with computer science as a core discipline. Digital organizational resilience emerges as a dominant topic, emphasizing the need for governments to adapt to technological changes effectively. The University of the Aegean is noted as a leading institution, while Draheim has the highest contribution level, and Russia is identified as the most prolific contributing country. The implications suggest that for successful digital transformation, governments must prioritize inclusivity and cultural sensitivity in their technology strategies. This research contributes to understanding how multicultural communication can enhance digital initiatives and emphasizes the importance of considering all societal segments in policy development. Ultimately, the findings lay a foundation for developing a more inclusive government through sustainable technology and recognition of cultural diversity, enabling better engagement and service delivery to diverse communities. Keywords: Bibliometric Analysis, CiteSpace, Digital Transformation, E-Government, Multicultural Communication. Abstrak Transformasi digital dalam pelayanan publik merupakan langkah untuk meningkatkan kinerja pemerintahan dan modernisasi sistem pemerintahan. Dalam konteks komunikasi multikultural, penting untuk memastikan bahwa teknologi tidak hanya efektif secara teknis namun juga inklusif secara budaya. Penelitian ini menganalisis tren transformasi pemerintahan digital dalam lima tahun terakhir, yaitu pada tahun 2018 hingga 2022. Temuannya, terdapat 340 artikel penelitian tentang transformasi pemerintahan digital yang terindeks di database Scopus. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi literatur. Penelitian ini menerapkan analisis bibliometrik menggunakan software CiteSpace. Selanjutnya makalah disajikan berdasarkan jumlah publikasi, negara kontributor, bidang studi, penulis, institusi afiliasi, isu terkait, dan sitasi tinggi. Penelitian ini menunjukkan tren publikasi yang meningkat, dengan ilmu komputer menjadi disiplin inti dalam penelitian ini. Melalui analisis beberapa sumber, ketahanan organisasi digital menjadi trending topik yang dominan. Selain itu, Universitas Aegean adalah institusi terkemuka. Draheim merupakan penulis dengan tingkat kontribusi tertinggi, namun Rusia menjadi negara yang memberikan kontribusi paling besar. Pada akhirnya, hasil penelitian tersebut menjadi preferensi untuk mengembangkan pemerintahan yang lebih inklusif dengan menerapkan teknologi berkelanjutan dan mempertimbangkan keberagaman budaya. Kata Kunci: Analisis Bibliometrik, CiteSpace, Transformasi Digital, E-Government, Komunikasi Multikultural.

Pendidikan adalah proses esensial dalam perkembangan karakter dan kemampuan manusia yang dimulai sejak lahir hingga tutup usia, dan keluarga menjadi lembaga pendidikan pertama dan utama. Penelitian ini mengkaji pemikiran dua tokoh pendidikan dengan latar belakang dan konteks yang berbeda, yaitu Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi dan Imam al-Ghazali. Dalam penelitian ini, metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian kepustakaan dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan pemahaman yang mendalam terkait dengan topik yang diteliti, kemudian mengidentifikasi celah penelitian, dan membangun dasar teori yang kuat. Pestalozzi adalah seorang ahli pendidikan yang berasal dari Swiss yang sangat menekankan pentingnya cinta, kasih sayang, dan keaktifan jiwa raga. Selain itu, ia juga percaya bahwa pendidikan sudah seharusnya diawali dari keluarga dengan peran utama orang tua, terutama ibu yang merupakan pendidik pertama dan utama bagi anak. Sementara itu, Imam al-Ghazali yang juga dikenal sebagai ulama besar dalam Islam, memberikan penekanan pada pendidikan yang penuh kasih sayang, keteladanan yang konsisten, serta pemahaman mendalam yang terkait dengan tingkat pemahaman setiap anak. Imam Al-Ghazali juga berpendapat bahwa keluarga merupakan lingkungan yang sangat dominan dalam upaya pembentukan akhlak dan budi pekerti anak. Oleh karena itu, pendidikan keluarga harus diberikan semaksimal mungkin, karena akan sangat besar pengaruhnya terhadap perkembangan anak dari kecil hingga dewasa kelak. Education is an essential process in the development of human character and abilities starting from birth until the end of age, and the family becomes the first and main educational institution. This research examines the thoughts of two educational figures with different backgrounds and contexts, namely Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi and Imam al-Ghazali. In this research, the method used is library research to gain a deep understanding related to the topic under study, then identifying research gaps, and building a strong theoretical basis. Pestalozzi was a Swiss educationist who emphasized the importance of love, affection, and physical activity. In addition, he also believed that education should start from the family with the main role of parents, especially mothers who are the first and main educators for children. Meanwhile, Imam al-Ghazali, who is also known as a great scholar in Islam, emphasizes loving education, consistent role modeling, and deep understanding related to the level of understanding of each child. Imam Al-Ghazali also argues that the family is a very dominant environment in efforts to shape the morals and character of children. Therefore, family education must be given as much as possible, because it will greatly influence the development of children from childhood to adulthood.

Although many studies have involved fractions in the elementary school curriculum, research on this topic at the junior high school level has been limited, particularly in identifying the factors causing student learning difficulties and designing alternative didactic approaches to overcome these challenges. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate these aspects. Hermeneutic phenomenology was used in this study. The participants in this research were students from a junior high school in Lombok, Indonesia, consisting of 29 eighth-grade students (aged 14-18), most of whom were female and from the Sasak ethnic group. Instrument, such as fraction operation tests, in-depth interview guidelines, and a hybrid didactic design for mathematics learning. Data related to learning difficulties were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach with NVivo-12 software. The study's findings revealed that students' low ability to operate integers, especially multiplication and division, was a primary factor in learning difficulty. The hybrid mathematics learning design sequence consists of three stages. The first stage encompasses several activities, namely Let’s Guess and Let’s Read. The second stage involved activities like Let’s Search, Let’s Discuss, and Let’s Conclude. The third stage comprised activities of Let’s Practice and Self-Reflection.

Introduction: This research develops an automated tool to measure the chest pass ability in basketball. We developed this measurement to reduce human error in assessing the chest pass ability in basketball. Objective: The product refines the previous version of the automatic chest pass board by adding a feature for automatic result calculation and utilizing wireless technology. Methodology: This study utilized the research and development approach. A total of 42 participative students were involved in this research. Results: The results of the first test showed a significance value of Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.047 (p < 0.05). In the second test, the significance value obtained was Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.008 (p < 0.05). Both tests showed significant differences. The results of three prototype reliability tests showed very good reliability (ICC = 0.990; 0.987 and 0.920) with a 95% confidence interval. The Bland-Altman plot analysis shows that there is a good level of agreement for this prototype. There is no measurement bias in chest passes using either the automatic board or the usual methods. This is because both instruments are very reliable. Discussion: The inventions that make it easier and faster to evaluate chest pass test results include the use of vibration sensors, wireless data transmission, a computer program, and a database that directly obtains measurement results. Conclusions: The prototype of the automatic chest pass board 2.0 is a reliable and stable potential substitute for measuring the chest pass ability of each individual in basketball games.

Flow turbulization is one of the most commonly used techniques for improving heat transfer. This study uses numerical simulation and experimental tests to examine ball turbulators' effect on fluid friction and heat transfer characteristics in a circular pipe. Ball turbulators with different diameters of 10, 15, and 20 mm and spacer lengths of 20 cm are inserted in the circular pipes. The ratio of the diameter of the ball to the diameter of the internal flow path of the pipe, ball turbulent ratio (BTR) =D_b/D_p, becomes 0.41, 0.62, and 0.83. The water was a working fluid with Reynolds numbers 3,500 to 11,500. The findings demonstrate excellent agreement with deviations of less than 11%. The maximum thermal performance factor reached about 1.18, 1.24, and 1.4 for the BTR 0.41, 0.62, and 0.83, respectively. The ball turbulators increase friction factor; this increase in experimental findings is 52, 65, and 78% at BTR 0.41, 0.62, and 0.83, respectively. Also, it is noticeable that there is a gradual decrease in thermal performance when the Reynolds number range is higher than 7500.

Domestic, industrial and agricultural activities require large amounts of water. This necessitates the need for an effective solution to meet the increasing water demand worldwide. A Huge amount of wastewater is generated daily and when this is left untreated, the contaminants present in these effluents may be harmful to the environment. There are various treatment techniques for the abatement of the contaminants present in these wastewaters. Conventional approaches often employed are the biological, physical and chemical methods. Zero-valent metals (ZVMs) such as zero-valent iron, zero-valent zinc, zero-valent aluminium to mention a few have emerged as promising candidates for wastewater treatment applications due to their unique reactivity and ability to facilitate the removal of various contaminants. In this report, a comprehensive review of the mechanisms, efficiency, and emerging technologies associated with ZVM-based water treatment is provided. The underlying objectives for which the review aimed to address include (i) providing an understanding of the ZVMs used in water treatment applications and their properties, (ii) reviewing the mechanisms employed by ZVMs to sequestrate contaminants, (iii) evaluating the efficiency of ZVMs in the removal of contaminants and (iv) exploring the various emerging technologies used in ZVM-based water treatment and to provide some recommendations for future research.It was concluded from the work that ZVMs abate contaminants found in wastewater through an interplay and synergy of physical, chemical and catalytic mechanisms. ZVMs, when used with other treatment techniques, provide better benefits in the treatment of diverse contaminants. To help achieve the full scale utilization of ZVMs potential, sustained research efforts combined with innovative approaches are needed for sustainable and efficient water treatment solutions. The review offers insights into technologies needed to eliminate diverse contaminants from wastewater, addressing important considerations regarding sustainability and future directions of ZVM-based water treatment technologies.

Smartphones are a technological device that is very close to students nowadays, but there are still many negative views regarding their use. 21st century education demands a transformation in learning methods to accommodate developments in information technology in the learning process. One tool that is increasingly dominant in everyday life is the smartphone. This article discusses the integration of 21st century learning with the preference for using smartphones as a learning medium in the school environment. This research explores the impact of smartphone use on student learning, involving factors such as technology availability and student responses to smartphone-based learning. The research was conducted at Indraprasta University, PGRI Jakarta. The research method used was a descriptive-qualitative approach. Qualitative research aims to understand, explain, and describe phenomena or problems from a more in-depth perspective. This research aims to prepare students to maximize the use of smartphones as a support for 21st century learning. This research shows that using smartphones as a learning medium can improve the quality of learning and develop 21st-century skills such as critical, creative, collaborative, and communicative.

Cumulating evidence suggests that high levels of spirituality can foster integrity. However, integrity violations remain prevalent, even among populations with strong religious beliefs. This study collected data from 2,800 students across 17 academic institutions in Indonesia and Malaysia to examine the relationship between their levels of spirituality and their perceptions of academic cheating. Although both countries have predominantly Muslim populations, they differ in how religious practices are implemented. The results revealed a significant correlation between spirituality and perceptions of cheating in both countries. However, one aspect of spirituality in Indonesia diverged from the broader concept, underscoring the complex and nuanced relationship between spirituality and religion. While these concepts often overlap, they also exhibit distinct differences. Such differences in spirituality and religiosity may help explain the paradox of integrity issues, including the prevalence of cheating within religious communities.

This research aimed to develop and measure the effectiveness of the "Dila Bisa" learning media and education method based on Lectura Inspire. Researchers used a development model research methodology, ADDIE. The research sample consisted of 47 students and two experts as subjects. Data was collected through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and tests and then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman method for qualitative data and the T-test for quantitative data. The research results showed: 1) that it consisted of five development stages, namely: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. 2) It was found that the educational media "Dila Bisa" had met validity standards and had achieved subject expert test results reaching 86% and educational method expert test results reaching 90%. Additionally, from the field test, the T-test results were obtained at 0.021 < 0.05. Based on the test results, it was concluded that this media was effectively used in learning Arabic.

In Indonesia, there is no mechanism to ensure spousal maintenance payments are made in a timely manner upon divorce as they only rely on the goodwill of the ex-husband. This is further strengthened by reports that the complaints regarding ex-husbands not providing maintenance to their ex-wives have increased. This research focuses on the patterns of violation Muslim women’s maintenance rights upon divorce within Islamic marriage institutions in Indonesia. By using qualitative methods, the research will investigate barriers and obstacles to the realization of Muslim women’s maintenance rights in the practice of divorce in Indonesia. At the end of the research, an analysis of data findings regarding the issue of violation of maintenance rights upon divorce will be highlighted that can assist the policymakers to stimulate more effective and meaningful ways for the realization of Muslim women’s maintenance rights during iddah within marriage institutions in Indonesia particularly related to divorce.

Despite its critical importance in academic writing, effective feedback strategies in undergraduate thesis supervision remains under-researched. This case study aims to address this gap by examining the experiences of five English department students who completed their theses and the strategies their supervisors employed to facilitate timely completion. Utilizing semi-structured interviews and text analysis, the study addresses three key research questions: 1) how feedback is formulated; 2) what strategies are employed by supervisors; and 3) what are the students’ perception of the strategies. The findings indicate that most feedback was formulated as directive, and the supervisors’ strategies include timely, personalized feedback and additional supervision time. The strategies help improve student engagement, motivation, and thesis outcomes. The students also positively perceived the supervisors’ strategies. This study contributes mainly by highlighting the role of emotional support in thesis supervision, the dominance of directive feedback in fostering timely completion, and the importance of personalized, timely feedback for student engagement. Additionally, it emphasizes that supervisors need to employ strategic, multifaceted approaches that combine academic guidance with emotional encouragement.

This study examines the dynamics of language use, particularly the Dayak Maanyan language in Kalimantan, using the framework of language games in Wittgenstein's philosophy of language. This study focuses on analyzing the orientation of thought in the use of the Dayak Maanyan language, outlining the rules of games in its expressions, and evaluating the compatibility of Wittgenstein's concept of language games with the Dayak Maanyan language. Utilizing a qualitative approach through literature studies, data were collected from various relevant scientific publications on the Dayak language and culture, as well as Wittgenstein's theory of language games. The findings reveal that the Dayak Maanyan language, through its diverse dialects and communicative practices, serves not only as a tool for communication, but also as a medium for strengthening social identity and preserving cultural traditions. This language reflects the cultural values and social structures of the Dayak community, in which the meaning of language emerges from its contextual use in daily life and specific social practices. These results align with Wittgenstein's philosophical concept, which emphasizes that meaning arises from use. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the relationship between language, meaning, and social practices in multicultural societies, particularly in the Dayak community.

The purpose of this study is to describe the strategy of implementing conscious parenting in forming an understanding of taboo culture. This study uses a mixed method or a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. The number of respondents/research informants is 100 people. The determination of respondents uses a purposive sampling technique. The results of the study, as many as 85% of the old generation of the Banjar tribe still believe in taboos and prohibitions as a form of local wisdom. The types of taboos are divided into three parts, customary taboos (60%), natural taboos (10%), and taboos in social interaction (20%). The strategy of inheriting values in the form of advice and examples is integrated through parenting. The combination of the application of authoritarian, authoritative, and laizs faire parenting patterns forms a conscious parenting pattern. As many as 75% of respondents acknowledge the important role of the older generation such as grandparents, fathers and mothers as guardians of cultural identity.

Digital transformation is a critical need for modern governments to address the growing demands for fast, transparent, and efficient public services. This study examines the implementation of the SmartASN platform in driving the digital transformation of State Civil Apparatus (ASN) management. Employing a qualitative research approach with a narrative review methodology, the study systematically reviews and synthesizes secondary data collected from 2016 to 2022 on the digital transformation of ASN management. The Agile Governance theory guides the analysis. It focuses on three key aspects: 1) SmartASN Platform Governance, 2) Systematic and Adaptive Approaches in ASN Management, and 3) ASN Management in the Digital Age. The findings demonstrate that the SmartASN platform is instrumental in advancing ASN’s digital transformation, supporting Indonesia’s broader goals of creating a world-class bureaucracy. This is evidenced by Indonesia’s significant improvement in the E-Government Development Index (EGDI), which rose from 116 in 2016 to 77 in 2022. The study contributes to the academic understanding of digital governance by providing actionable recommendations to optimize the SmartASN platform and develop policies that support agile digital transformation. These insights highlight the potential of digital platforms in fostering innovation and enhancing adaptability in the public sector.

Ibn Hajar al-Haytami (d. 974 AH/1567 CE) gave his own color and demonstrated the development of ru'yah al-hilāl in Islamic civilization. As an important part of determining the beginning of Ramadan for the obligation to fast, Ibn Hajar al-Haytami was of the view that the results of ru'yah al-hilāl that utilized tools such as glass could not be accepted or used as guidelines for determining the beginning of the lunar month. This view contradicts the work of science that prioritizes and produces observation aids to maintain precision and reduce human error when observing celestial objects. With a historical and hermeneutic approach, this paper seeks to reveal the historical background of Ibn Hajar al-Haytami 's view regarding ru'yah al-hilāl. The findings of this paper are that Ibn Hajar al-Haytami's opinion is in line with and influenced by the decline of scientific civilization in Islam in the 10th century AH. At that time, especially in the Ottoman Turkish region, philosophy as the basis for the development of science was rejected and/or ignored in the scientific treasures of Islamic civilization.

AbstractPeer Tutoring is a widely used method of teaching English. Peer tutoring, a pedagogical strategy that has the potential to assist Indonesian advanced students in developing inferential understanding by combining it with KWL charts, has, however, received little attention in the context of Indonesian EFL (English as a Foreign Language). The aims are first to know the implementation of peer tutoring and KWL Charts in reading. Second, to know whether or not there is a significant difference in students’ inferential understanding. Third, to know the factors affecting students’ inferential understanding. Fourth, to know the students’ attitudes toward the role of PT integrated with KWL charts in developing inference skills. For these purposes, 54 advanced students participated in the project. This research utilizes a mixed-method design, combining (a) one group pretest-posttest design, with (b) a qualitative study. The researcher uses various data collection methods, including pretest-posttests, interviews and questionnaires. The paired sample t-test was used to interpret the quantitative data. To analyze qualitative data, the researcher uses descriptive analysis. The study shows that peer tutoring integrated with KWL benefits students’ positive attitudes toward reading comprehension. Moreover, there is a significant difference in students’ inferential understanding when using peer tutoring integrated with KWL.

AbstractThe International Accounting Standard Boards highlighted financial reporting timeliness (FRT), as one of the qualitative attributes taken into consideration when measuring financial reporting quality (FRQ). Considering that the board is the main internal corporate governance (CG) mechanism, the attributes of Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) are predicted to be associated with the FRT. The study aims to analyse the impact of CEO demographic characteristics on the FRT of non-financial listed companies in Nigeria. The sample consisted of 86 listed non-financial companies’ annual reports on the Nigeria Stock Exchange (NSE) for 2015–2021. Multiple linear regressions were used in analysing the collected data via STATA software. Results revealed that 6 out of 10 hypotheses were significantly related to FRT. Findings indicated that CEO characteristics may encourage managers to reduce reporting lag, increase the quality of financial reports, and signal good news to shareholders, which may significantly affect the company’s performance. It is recommended that stakeholders review CG and accounting standards reform to improve FRT and deter managers from late submission of financial statements to the NSE. The study contributes to stakeholders like managers, regulatory bodies, policymakers, and professional bodies to enhance current standards, and regulations in Nigeria. Finally, agency theory and upper echelons theory were used to delve into new findings based on the Nigerian setting and enhance the rigour, coherence, and impact of this study within its academic or practical domain.

There is a paucity of data on the cardiovascular implications of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, especially among hospitalized patients. Our study aimed to investigate the association between MGUS and cardiovascular outcomes in a hospital setting using the National Inpatient Sample database. MGUS patients were sampled using ICD-10 codes. The patients were stratified into two cohorts based on the presence or absence of MGUS. Comorbidities and cardiovascular outcomes were collected using ICD 10 DM codes. CV outcomes were evaluated before and after 1:1 matching for age, gender, and race. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis was performed on the matched population, which excluded patients with diabetes mellitus, prior myocardial infarction, chronic kidney disease (stages 3–5), dialysis, hypertension, obesity, metabolic syndrome, cancer, antiplatelets, and oral anticoagulant use and was adjusted for smoking, dyslipidemia, and aspirin use to evaluate the cardiovascular outcomes. MGUS patients had more heart failure, atrial fibrillation, venous thromboembolism, aortic aneurysm, aortic stenosis, aortic regurgitation, mitral stenosis, mitral regurgitation, conduction disorder, cor pulmonale, peripheral vascular disease, and acute myocardial infarction. After matching, MGUS was associated with heart failure, atrial fibrillation, venous thromboembolism, aortic stenosis, mitral regurgitation, conduction disorder, cor pulmonale, and peripheral vascular disease. MGUS was linked to a wide spectrum of cardiovascular diseases in an inpatient setting. Further studies are needed to formulate appropriate recommendations for the screening and management of cardiovascular complications in individuals with MGUS.

The selection of appropriate learning media is proven to have a positive impact on students' knowledge and abilities in the learning process. They were referring to material in learning carried out by sports students as one of the preparations for teachers who must understand refereeing regulations so that the entire learning process can really utilize learning media. This study aims to determine the effect of the application of learning media on remembering the knowledge and ability of volleyball referees. The research method used in this study is quasi-experiment with a pretest and posttest quasi-experimental control group research design. This study involved 30 volleyball referee students who were obtained using cluster random sampling. This research instrument is an instrument that uses a questionnaire on the level of knowledge and ability of volleyball referees, divided into 10 indicators. This questionnaire obtained a reliability of 0.826. The analysis of this data used prerequisite tests (normality test using the Kolmogorov Smirnov test, homogeneity test using the Levin statistical test), and a t-test conducted with the help of SPSS 25 to test the effect on each subject. The results showed that the average score of the experimental volleyball referee group was 216.93 ± 7.75, while the average score of the control volleyball referee knowledge and ability level group was 189.47 ± 7.18, the experimental group was better than the control group.

Nitrogen is one of the macro elements that maize needs. Nitrogen deficiency will affect maize's growth and grain yield. This study aimed to determine hybrid maize's growth, grain yield, and tolerance to low N conditions. This research was conducted at the Indonesian Cereal Testing Instrument Standard Institute in Maros, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, from July to November 2022. A nested design was applied with eleven hybrid maize genotypes and three N fertilization levels (N0 = 0 kg N ha-1, N1 = 100 kg N ha-1, and N2 = 200 kg N ha-1) as treatments, replicated three times. Growth and grain yield traits were measured. An analysis of variance was used to determine the effect of fertilization level on growth. Eberhart and Russell stability analysis and the Stress Tolerance Index (STI) were used to determine hybrid maize tolerance and yield stability across the three fertilization levels. The findings indicated that the reduction in nitrogen fertilizer level affected maize agronomic performance and yield reduction. HLN 09 exhibited a mean yield of 7.68 t ha-1, surpassing the overall hybrid mean of 7.21 t ha-1. HLN 09 also demonstrated moderate stress tolerance at N2-N1, N2-N0, and N1-N0 and was characterized as a stable hybrid with regression coefficient (bi) = 0.99 and deviation from regression (s2di) = -0.22. The HLN 09 maize hybrid was a hybrid maize with good tolerance to low N conditions and high stability and yield.

The paper aims to determine the effectiveness of several alternative technologies that have been applied in centralized domestic wastewater management systems, especially in West Java and Banten provinces, in the removal of domestic wastewater pollutant parameters. The study was conducted in SPALD-Ts, including the Anaerobic Baffle Reactor (ABR) system, the Anobic Filter (AF) system, the combined ABR + AF system, and the Extended Aeration. The analysis was performed by sampling at the inlet and outlet points of the system for three consecutive years with sampling times from 2021 - 2023. The results of the research show that the efficiency of pollutant parameter separation based on the best technology in the separation of domestic wastewater pollutant parameters is the SPALDT extended aeration technology, where this technology can separate pollutant parameters up to an average of 88.25%, but in this technology requires more cost and periodic maintenance.

On September 7, 2023, a clash occurred on Rempang Island, Batam City, Riau Islands, between residents and joint officers, resulting in injuries to students and community members. The Rempang conflict was widely discussed on social media, particularly on Twitter, where 1010 tweets were made using the hashtag #Rempang. This research aims to identify the key actors behind the emergence of the hashtag #Rempang and analyze the type of relationships and the communication network structure that developed. The research method employed is the Social Network Analysis (SNA) approach, which focuses on studying relationships and is used to measure these relationships and extract information from individuals using the Gephi application. The study results indicate that the communication network exhibits a two-mode relationship type, with three distinct network patterns: wheel, Y, and chain communication patterns. The relationships within the network are direct and directional. The research also reveals a main actor, @tempodotco, who has a degree centrality and in-degree value of 404. The relationships between actors in this communication network are very close, highlighting the significance of @tempodotco in the dissemination and discussion of the Rempang conflict on social media.

This study analyses the principle of moderatism (wasathiyyah) in the formation of fatwas of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI), particularly Fatwa No. 83 of 2023 on the Law of Supporting the Palestinian Struggle. The principle of wasathiyyah, which is at the core of Islamic jurisprudence, encourages a balanced and moderate approach in legal and ethical matters. This research uses a qualitative method, with data collected through document analysis of fatwa texts, related scholarly works, and other relevant literature. The analysis aims to reveal how the wasathiyyah principle is reflected in the formation of the fatwa and its implications for Indonesian Muslim society. The results show that MUI Fatwa No. 83 of 2023 integrates the principle of moderatism in several key aspects. Firstly, it emphasises the importance of supporting the Palestinian cause as a humanitarian and ethical obligation, in accordance with the principles of justice and solidarity in Islam. Secondly, it balances such support with an invitation to use peaceful and legitimate means, rejecting extremism and violence. This reflects a deep understanding of wasathiyyah, which encourages proactive yet peaceful engagement in international solidarity. In addition, the fatwa highlights the role of Indonesian Muslims in fighting for Palestinian rights through diplomatic, economic, and educational efforts. This broadens the scope of support beyond mere political activism, encouraging a multifaceted approach that integrates ethical, legal and humanitarian dimensions.

This research aims to analyze the effect of the Project-Based Learning theme Blue My Sky is Healthy My Earth to increase environmental literacy. The research carried out was quasi-experimental quantitative research using statistical tests on numerical data. The overall N-gain value of environmental literacy in the experimental class that uses the Project-Based Learning model is 0.76. From the research results, it can be concluded that the hypothesis test value from the data results is fulfilled, namely, tcount 5.657 > ttable 2.012 so there is a difference in increasing environmental literacy between students who receive the Project-Based Learning model and the conventional learning model. The category of increasing environmental literacy is high. The value of each environmental literacy indicator is 0.73 for the ecological knowledge indicator in the high category, 0.81 for the environmental skills indicator in the high category, and 0.75 for the attitude towards the environment indicator in the high category.

Safety training is the exercise normally conducted for all the current and future employees of a company to identify and recognize occupational hazards and diseases as well as determine the appropriate controlling methods. Moreover, virtual reality (VR) is a technology developed to virtually simulate the surrounding environment to ensure immersive experience and interaction through artificial three-dimensional (3D) platforms. VR devices have been developed to be more compact, easy to use, and affordable to enable people to enjoy immersive virtual experiences and provide interactive and realistic content. This has made technology one of the most popular forms of media for different kinds of training, such as safety-related ones. Therefore, this study aimed to review the use of VR in safety training through the systematic literature review (SLR) method. The process focused on developing 4 primary questions (PQs) classified into 11 systematic research questions (SRQs) for discussion points concerning current developments in VR technology applications. These were further combined with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) flow diagrams in selecting the relevant literature. The questions were also used to investigate the scenarios, methods, objectives, and outcomes of previous studies. The results showed the need for further studies on the application of VR technology in safety training in other fields such as firefighting, chemical industry, maritime, etc. Furthermore, several scenarios such as construction design, disaster response, rescue procedures, and others need to be included. This study also provides information on the gaps for future study, including the exploration of a broader range of industries and VR scenarios.

This study proposes a novel model for developing the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project (P5) based on gender relations. The model aims to improve teachers' understanding and implementation of P5 by incorporating gender equality principles. Employing a qualitative approach with a Research and Development method, the study gathers data through interviews and Focus Group Discussions with key stakeholders, including students, P5 facilitators, principals, and school supervisors in junior high schools across Boyolali, Madiun, Tuban, Yogyakarta City, and Balikpapan. Thematic analysis of the qualitative data guides the model development process. Anchored in the regulatory guidelines established by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology, the model offers innovative instructions for teachers and P5 facilitators to integrate gender considerations into various aspects of P5 implementation. This includes forming balanced project groups, selecting resources free from gender bias, and designing learning activities that promote inclusivity and equity. The proposed model offers innovation by integrating gender relations at every stage of developing the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project, ensuring equal access, fair assessment, and materials that reflect gender diversity to strengthen inclusivity and equity in education.

In the context of Natural Science lessons, students often lack critical thinking skills. To address this challenge, the researchers developed the “I Can Adapt” scientific module for students at SMP Negeri 10 Magelang. This study evaluates the module’s viability, efficacy, and practicality using a research and development (R&D) approach based on the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) model. The expert validation process confirmed the module’s validity, with material experts rating it at 4.0 and teaching materials experts at 4.2. To assess efficacy, the researchers employed a one-group pretest-posttest design with paired sample t-test analysis. The results revealed a significant increase in critical thinking skills (p < 0.05), as indicated by a significance value of 0.00. The average N-Gain score of 0.83 falls within the high category. Furthermore, student questionnaires related to the RIAS-based science modules demonstrated a practicality level of 84.6%. Overall, the findings support the use of the “I Can Adapt” RIAS-based science module as an effective tool for enhancing critical thinking abilities.

Abstract : Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI)’s development after the merger needs to be balanced with good performance to achieve stakeholder trust. BSI carries out its activities based on sharia principles which are not only profit-oriented but also social-oriented. Sharia bank performance assessments generally still use conventional methods. Therefore, this research aims to find out and explain BSI's performance conditions before and after the merger using the Islamicity Performance Index and comparing each ratio it has. This research uses a descriptive quantitative analysis method by measuring performance before and after the merger using the IPI and using a different test to determine the differences in each IPI ratio. The research sample was taken by purposive sampling, namely BRIS, BNIS, and BSM as BSI before the merger, as well as BSI after the merger. Data was obtained through BSI's financial reports before the merger for the 2019-2020 period and after the merger for the 2021-2022 period, with data collection techniques using literature study and documentation. The research results show that BSI's performance before and after the merger in implementing sharia and social principles as seen from halal values succeeded in carrying out its duties well, but the values of purity and justice were still not optimal. The results of the different test analysis show only 1 difference, namely the EDR ratio. Thus, BSI needs to improve the collection and distribution of bank funds. Abstrak : Perkembangan Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) pasca merger perlu diimbangi dengan kinerja yang baik untuk mewujudkan kepercayaan stakeholder. BSI menjalankan aktivitasnya berdasarkan prinsip syariah yang tidak hanya berorientasi pada profit tetapi juga pada orientasi sosial. Penilaian kinerja bank syariah umumnya masih menggunakan metode konvensional. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menjelaskan kondisi kinerja BSI sebelum dan setelah merger menggunakan Islamicity Performance Index dan membandingkan setiap rasio yang dimilikinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis kuantitatif deskriptif dengan mengukur kinerja sebelum dan setelah merger menggunakan IPI dan menggunakan uji beda untuk mengetahui perbedaan dari masing-masing rasio IPI. Sampel penelitian diambil secara purposive sampling, yaitu BRIS, BNIS, dan BSM sebagai BSI sebelum merger, serta BSI setelah merger. Data diperoleh melalui laporan keuangan BSI sebelum merger periode 2019-2020 dan setelah merger periode 2021-2022, dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan studi pustaka dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kinerja BSI sebelum dan setelah merger dalam menjalankan prinsip syariah dan sosial yang dilihat dari nilai kehalalan berhasil melaksanakan tugasnya dengan baik, namun nilai kesucian dan keadilan masih belum maksimal. Hasil analisis uji beda menunjukan hanya 1 yang terdapat perbedaan yakni rasio EDR. Dengan demikian, BSI perlu meningkatkan fungsi penghimpunan dan penyaluran dana bank.

The objective of this article is to clarify the regulations established by Bank Indonesia (PBI) from 2008 to 2023 in relation to sharia-compliant banking. PBI represents a regulatory framework incorporating or referencing the Fatwa DSN-MUI, as mandated by the Law on Banking Regulations for Islamic Banking, which requires that the Fatwa DSN-MUI serve as a reference point for the principles of Islamic banking. This study aims to address two research questions. The first question concerns the transformation of the DSN-MUI fatwa into a PBI from 2008 to 2023. The second question is an examination of the patterns of transformation. This research is a qualitative study within the field of normative legal research. The primary object of study in this research is the legal materials, namely the PBI and SEBI, which are placed in juxtaposition with the DSN-MUI Fatwa. A content analysis of the regulations was conducted, employing a conceptual approach to identify points of convergence between the PBI and the DSN-MUI fatwa. The findings reveal that the manner in which the DSN-MUI fatwa was transformed into a PBI is evident in both stylistic and substantive aspects. A variety of terms were employed to describe the contracts and the substance of the DSN-MUI fatwas, which were subsequently developed in the PBI. The pattern of transformation of the Fatwa DSN-MUI into the PBI can be identified through the analysis of three distinct patterns: the "copy and paste" pattern, the "adaptation" pattern, and the "expansion" pattern. In order to provide definitions, this approach is employed in both the general provisions and the detailed operational provisions. Artikel ini berupaya mengelaborasi Peraturan Bank Indonesia (PBI) dari tahun 2008 hingga 2023 yang berkenaan dengan perbankan syariah. PBI merupakan peraturan yang mengadopsi atau menyerap Fatwa DSN-MUI sebagai tindak lanjut ketentuan Undang-Undang tentang Perbankan Syariah yang mengamanatkan produk Fatwa DSN-MUI sebagai parameter prinsip-prinsip syariah dalam operasional perbankan syariah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjawab dua rumusan masalah yakni bagaimana bentuk perubahan Fatwa DSN-MUI ke dalam PBI tahun 2008-2023 dan pola transformasi Fatwa DSN-MUI ke dalam PBI tahun 2008-2023. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan kategori penelitian hukum normatif. Kajian utamanya berupa bahan hukum berupa PBI dan SEBI yang disandingkan dengan Fatwa DSN-MUI. Analisis yang digunakan berupa analisis konten peraturan dengan pendekatan konseptual mencari titik temu asas-asas atau prinsip yang terkait antara PBI dengan Fatwa DSN-MUI. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa bentuk perubahan fatwa DSN-MUI ke dalam PBI berupa penyerapan dalam ranah redaksi dan substansi. Berbagai macam nama akad dan substansi isi Fatwa DSN-MUI dipakai dan dikembangkan dalam PBI. Pola transformasi Fatwa DSN-MUI ke dalam PBI bisa diidenifikasi dalam tiga pola; pola copy paste, pola penyesuaian dan pola perluasan. Pola itu dipakai untuk memberikan definisi dalam ketentuan umum dan ketentuan detail operasionalnya.

Diversion as an alternative to out-of-court settlement faced both theoretical and practical challenges. In the context of traffic offenses committed by minors, the practice of diversion encountered legal uncertainties about whether it could effectively address the core issues. The dilemma arose from the need to enforce the law while also protecting the rights of children as mandated by the Juvenile Justice System Law. This paper reviewed the practice of diversion in resolving traffic offenses by minors in North Maluku, aiming to assess its effectiveness and explore its role as a tool of social engineering. The research employed a doctrinal legal research model with a juridical-normative approach. Findings indicated that diversion practices in North Maluku, particularly for traffic offenses committed by minors, were ineffective due to several factors: regulatory deficiencies, lack of competence among enforcement personnel, and the prevailing legal paradigm within the community. From the perspective of law as a tool of social engineering, diversion alone was insufficient without subsequent measures to address traffic crimes committed by minors, necessitating the reconstruction of the legal culture and enhancement of public awareness to foster traffic order and safety.

Background & objectives: Following World Health Organization (WHO) plans for thirty-five malaria-endemic countries, Indonesia will eliminate malaria by 2030. As one of the Indonesian provinces, West Java targeted subnational malaria elimination in 2022. This article aims to describe malaria surveillance data and elimination programs, including weaknesses in sustaining the program. Methods: This study used secondary data from malaria surveillance information system regencies/cities’ case reports for 2019-2022 and achievement data of sub-national malaria elimination certification from each regency/city from 2014-2022. The data was confirmed from the evaluation study document, analysis of reported cases, and interviews. Results: Most cases were confirmed by microscopic examination (84.1% in 2021 and 94.4% in 2022) and rapid diagnostic tests (57% in 2019 and 58.1% in 2020). Malaria is more prevalent among men (93% in 2019, 95% in 2020, 96% in 2021, and 95.9% in 2022) and productive ages of 15–64 years (98.8% in 2019, 100% in 2020, 99.2% in 2021, and 98.8% in 2022), frequently occurs in the military (56.3% in 2019, 75.7% in 2020, 45.2% in 2021) and police (40.5% in 2022), often uses passive case detection for identifying cases (97.9% in 2019 and 2020, 95.2% in 2021, and 97.6% in 2022), and the majority undergo inpatient treatment (86.4% in 2019, 81.7% in 2021, and 82.6% in 2022). Most positive cases originated from imported cases, and last indigenous cases were still found in 2019. Plasmodium vivax dominated malaria cases and and relapses were high (55.0% in 2020, and 47.3% in 2022). Interpretation & conclusion: All regencies/cities have obtained sub-national malaria elimination certification in 2022. West Java has the potential to be verified for Java-Bali sub-national malaria elimination targeted in 2023, albeit cases of imported malaria still occur. It is imperative to address the issue of imported cases transitioning into locally transmitted cases (introduced) by effective coordination across all regencies/cities and inter-provincial efforts.

The book Qawa’id al-Tafsir by Al-Sabt is known for presenting the principles of Al-Qur'an interpretation in a systematic, economical, concise, and easily understandable manner. However, the book lacks explanations regarding the indications behind the unconventional use of Damair (pronouns), which causes anxiety among students. This study employs a descriptive-analytical method with a qualitative approach and falls under the category of library research. The results show that although Al-Sabt's book is well-structured, the lack of an in-depth explanation about the unconventional use of Damair leads to dissatisfaction and confusion among readers. It makes readers feel that the Al-Qur'an employs irregular principles without clear reasons. This deficiency underscores the importance of thorough explanations in using interpretative principles to enhance understanding and tranquillity for readers. This study highlights the urgency of explaining Damair's principles and offers a new perspective in the critical analysis of Al-Sabt's work. It contributes to the development of Al-Qur'an interpretation studies by providing insights into the importance of conveying the reasons behind using Damair principles in Al-Qur'an exegesis. These findings are expected to enrich the scholarly discourse on Al-Qur'an interpretation and serve as a reference for researchers and students.

The concept of Ahlu sunnah wal jamaah (Aswaja) remains a subject of frequent debate. This article endeavors to provide a comprehensive exploration of the Aswaja concept through the perspective of the archipelago scholar, K. Abu Fadlol As-Senori, a disciple of KH. Hashim Ash`ari, the founder of the Nahdlatul Ulama. This article also strives to establish a connection between the concept of Aswaja as it is found and the Aswaja concept of KH. Hashim Ash`ari. This research is a descriptive-qualitative study. This study revealed that Aswaja, as defined by K. Abul Fadlol, encompasses four distinct groups: (1) the Muhadditsin, (2) the Sufiyyah (3) the Ash'ariyah and (4) Maturidiyah. As a student of KH. Hashim Ash`ari, the Aswaja concept of K. Abul Fadlol has a very big aspect of similarity. The concept of Aswaja from both becomes the foundation for building moderation in religion. Both also reject hardline Islamists who claim to be Aswaja

This study investigates three key questions: how Muslim youth interpret religion in the Internet era, how the Internet influences and constructs it, and how religion is conceptualized. This is a qualitative study. The data was gathered through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation. This study comprised 71 Muslim teens aged 17 to 21 from Kediri Regency who were chosen for their extensive usage of the Internet to explore Islam. The analysis involved data reduction, visualization, and conclusion. Data analysis techniques included descriptive, analytical, and interpretative approaches. The study's findings revealed that Muslim teenagers who learn Islam online experience hyperspirituality due to hypersemiotics. False indications and incomplete learning due to ignorance of Islamic religious research should lead to a nihilistic interpretation of Islam. Teens are deceived by the ideology driving religious information on the Internet, which they believe is neutral. Anti-ideological ideologies undoubtedly serve ideological goals. As a result, they incorrectly feel that the lack of dogma in online Islamic education prevents them from achieving their primary purpose.