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Ekowisata merupakan perjalanan wisata yang memiliki tanggung jawab pada bidang pelestarian lingkungan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat yang ada di lingkungan setempat. Sumber Daya Manusia memiliki potensi yang sangat penting pada bidang ekowisata karena memperoleh pengetahuan alam dan berpotensi memiliki nilai jual sebagai bentuk daya minat dan daya tarik yang ada pada ekowisata. Perkembangan pada ekowisata dapat berpengaruh terhadap masyarakat pada bidang sosial, bidang ekologi, dan bidang ekonomi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah dapat melakukan analisis pada perubahan kondisi ekonomi yang ada di dusun Kemlagi Kecamatan Kemlagi. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian secara kualitatif menggunakan pendekatan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa adanya kehadiran ekowisata pada masyarakat dusun Kemlagi memberikan sebuah perubahan terhadap masyarakat sehingga memiliki kesadaran dalam melindungi lingkungan dan ramah lingkungan. Pada aspek sosial terjadi sebuah peningkatan dan kerjasama masyarakat terutama pada bidang ekowisata. Kegiatan sosial yang ada pada masyarakat dapat sejalan sesuai dengan perkembangan pada ekowisata. Pada bidang ekonomi, terdapat kesempatan dalam bekerja pada sektor ekowisata sehingga dapat memperoleh penghasilan. Economic Recovery Through Village Empowerment Based on Governor Regulation Number 20 of 2021: Study of Kemlagi Hamlet, Kemlagi District Ecotourism is a tourism trip that has a responsibility in the field of environmental preservation and the welfare of the people in the local environment. Human Resources have very important potential in the field of ecotourism because they acquire natural knowledge and have the potential to have a selling value as a form of interest and attraction in ecotourism. Developments in ecotourism can affect the community in the social, ecological, and economic fields. The purpose of this study is to be able to analyze changes in economic conditions in the Kemlagi hamlet, Kemlagi District. This research method uses a qualitative research type using a literature study approach. The results of this study indicate that the presence of ecotourism in the Kemlagi hamlet community provides a change to the community so that they are aware of protecting the environment and being environmentally friendly. In the social aspect, there is an increase in community cooperation, especially in ecotourism. Social activities that exist in the community can be in line with developments in ecotourism. In the economic field, there are opportunities to work in the ecotourism sector to earn income.

Pilot cadets take part in a series of education and training at an academy. Differences in the background of prospective cadets can affect the educational process and achievements achieved by the cadets. This study aims to analyze differences in the area of origin of the education and training outcomes of prospective pilot cadets. The study was conducted on 22 cadets of the Indonesian Aviation Academy Banyuwangi which were divided into 3 groups of regions of origin which generally had different levels of educational progress. The scores of the initial test results including the academic potential test, physical test and initial flight aptitude test were compared. Furthermore, comparisons were made for the initial flight aptitude test, flight aptitude test 1 and flight aptitude test 2. The results showed that education and training at the academy could improve the performance of the cadets but still resulted in achievement gaps due to their regional background. The results of the study can be used as a reference for the development of pilot education models. Further research can be done for deeper diversity or educational curriculum that is not yet optimal

Situational awareness (SA) is the most important category in single pilot resource management. SA is how a pilot assesses the situation inside and outside the aircraft appropriately to achieve safe and efficient flight safety. SA is an important constituent of a person in information processing and the pilot decision-making process. This study aims to evaluate training in cadet situation awareness. The analysis was based on the aptitude test results as flight training series consisting theoretical stages, simulator and flight practices. Aptitude test is consisting several sections. There were pre-tests and post-tests. Aptitude test results are displayed as cadet score graph, for each section, and the final score will be approached by regression line. Each section average value and the final score are calculated to get changes level in the test score. The results showed an increase in the situational awareness of the cadets based on the aptitude test score.

This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the success of startups in helping the government increase economic growth during the Covid-19 pandemic. The Covid-19 pandemic had significantly impacted the economy, including Indonesia. Therefore, a solution is needed to improve the Indonesian economy. The variables in this study are "Strategy", "Innovation", "Experience", "Economic Growth", and as an intermediate variable, "Startup Success". Two hundred seventeen valid respondents are online business owners who answered the questionnaire correctly through online social media. To test the validity and reliability of the data received, SPES 25.0 software was used, which was then analyzed by Structural Equation Model (SEM) using Amos 23.0 software. The results of statistical data processing show that the strategy of business actors affects success in doing business and affects economic growth but has nothing to do with experience and innovation. The findings of this study have implications for the importance of strategy in dealing with future business to be achieved and successful. The advantage of this research lies in the data collected from questionnaires for Startup owners who experienced business conditions during the Covid-19 pandemic to post-pandemic. The contribution of this research is how startups must prepare business strategies to be successful so that they participate in economic improvement and improvement after the Covid-19 pandemic.

The growth of Islamic banks in Indonesia is still far from what is expected, where Indonesia is a country with a Muslim majority population and the largest in the world. However, Islamic banks are only able to get 6% of the market share compared to conventional banks. The purpose of this study is to find out how significant the influence of Brand Image and Awareness factors and customer satisfaction in increasing customer loyalty and the desire to use Islamic banking in Indonesia is. This research was conducted using an online survey to the public using the accident sampling technique. This questionnaire uses a modified Likert scale technique. From the distribution carried out, 493 respondents who filled out questionnaires were collected from 1500 respondents. After the analysis, it was found that. Service Quality has a positive effect on Customer Satisfaction, while Brand Image has a negative effect on Customer Satisfaction, for Customer Satisfaction it has a positive effect on Customer Loyalty and Customer Satisfaction has a positive effect on Purchase Intention. But Awareness has a negative effect on Purchase Intention. For Customer Loyalty has a positive effect on Purchase Intention. The findings from this study are very useful for players in the Islamic banking industry to see how they can increase the market share and progress of Islamic banks in Indonesia

PurposeThis paper aims to classify journal papers in the context of hybrid quality function deployment QFD and multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods published during 2004–2021.Design/methodology/approachA conceptual classification scheme is presented to analyze the hybrid QFD-MCDM methods. Then some recommendations are given to introduce directions for future research.FindingsThe results show that among all related areas, the manufacturing application has the most frequency of published papers regarding hybrid QFD-MCDM methods. Moreover, using uncertainty to establish a hybrid QFD-MCDM the relevant papers have been considered during the time interval 2004–2021.Originality/valueThere are various shortcomings in conventional QFD which limit its efficiency and potential applications. Since 2004, when MCDM methods were frequently adopted in the quality management context, increasing attention has been drawn from both practical and academic perspectives. Recently, the integration of MCDM techniques into the QFD model has played an important role in designing new products and services, supplier selection, green manufacturing systems and sustainability topics. Hence, this survey reviewed hybrid QFD-MCDM methods during 2004–2021.

– Aero Sport is a type of aerospace sport that grew together with the world of aviation, both civil and military. The perpetrators of this extreme sport must understand flying safety procedures to minimize the dangers and risks faced. To bring up the growth of interest in aerospace sports, it is necessary to carry out ongoing socialization and education efforts for the pilot community who are members of the Indonesian Aero Sport Federation (FASI) or other general public. This PKM activity is carried out as part of a series of community service activities for the Banyuwangi API Institution. The activity was carried out for 3 days with participants from the FASI pilot community, APIB cadets, and Banyuwangi scout students. The results of the activity showed a positive response to the interest in aerospace sports which was disserted with the establishment of a DATC organization under the auspices of APIB. From this activity, the pilot community gained an understanding of the VRF Route Corridor and the Flight Training Area for the Banyuwangi API. Keyword: Aero Sport, Community Service, API Banyuwangi, FASI.

The problem of poverty is a major problem that has plagued the Orang Asli community since a long time ago. The tourism sector is seen as a sector that can contribute income to this group without having to spend large capital. The role of women in the process of community development is seen as a holistic solution where they could be able to contribute to the progress and development of society and the country. Through the tourism sector, women from the community Orang Asli are able to market their products, skills, and abilities through the production of handicrafts and cultural performances. The study was conducted qualitatively by focusing on women from the Mah Meri tribe in Kampung Sungai Bumbun, Carey Island, Selangor. This location was chosen because the expansion, provision of facilities, and centralization of tourism activities are widely implemented here. The selected respondents are those who have been actively involved in the production of handicrafts and cultural activities. The findings of the study show that the tourism sector is able to bring significant changes where the women of the Mah Meri can increase their income compared to before joining the tourism sector. Through this study, it is hoped to provide a clear view of the role of the tourism sector in increasing the income of Orang Asli women.

Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a new emergency department intervention for the management of epistaxis, aiming to reduce epistaxis admissions. Design Tranexamic acid (TXA) (500mg/ml) soaked NasoPore® packing was in the pathway for epistaxis which did not terminate following 10 minutes of simple first aid. The pathway was utilised for adult patients presenting with non-traumatic, anterior epistaxis. Pre- and post-implementation admission rates and re-attendance rates were recorded by retrospective audit at a large central London hospital. Results Epistaxis admissions were reduced by 51.7% (p

Background: Non-echoplanar diffusion-weighted MRI (DWMRI) has a role in the surgical planning for cholesteatoma. Aims/Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the use of DWMRI in the management of cholesteatoma across the UK, and measure clinicians’ confidence in the use of DWMRI. Materials and Methods: Telephone survey in 139 Otolaryngology Departments in the United Kingdom between March 2017 and July 2017, and asking radiology delegates at the British Society of Head and Neck Imaging 2017 meeting. Results: The response rate was 101 out of 139 Trusts (73%). Of those respondents who did have DWMRI available, 68/88 respondents (77%) use it for cholesteatoma. The mean confidence (±standard deviation) of the respondents with DWMRI in identifying cholesteatoma presence was 7.3 ± 2.1, in identifying volume of cholesteatoma was 6.8 ± 1.8, and in identifying subsites of cholesteatoma was 4.6 ± 2.1. Conclusions and Significance: DWMRI has a well-defined role in the follow-up of patients after cholesteatoma surgery, and those primary cases of cholesteatoma where the diagnosis is in question. The use of DWMRI for cholesteatoma is variable across the UK, but there are certain clinical scenarios where there is not enough awareness regarding the benefits of imaging (such as petrous apex cases of cholesteatoma).

Background: A brain tumor is a mass of brain cells that grow abnormally. In radiological terms, a brain tumor is called a space occupying lesion (SOL) which generally means a lump. Radiologists or radiology specialists in identifying brain tumors will analyze the results of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Brain images with post-processing techniques using a menu in a 3D editor called the region growing technique. Methods: This type of research is a quasi-experimental research design using Posttest Only Without Control Group Design. The research plan will be carried out at Hermina Hospital Bekasi using 32 samples of brain tumor MRI images, the sample size is obtained by the sample size formula for two paired populations according to Sastroasmoro (2011). Bivariate data analysis, if the data is normally distributed (p value > 0.05), then the Paired T-test statistical test is performed and if the data is not normally distributed (p value

Vocational education is no longer just an education that prepares its graduates to work or become mediocre workers. Creative thinking skills are the basis of science that is very important for students. This research uses a quantitative approach and the population of this study included 106 Cadets of The School of Aviators in Indonesia. Sampling techniques taken were saturated sampling techniques and the samples were taken as many as 106 cadets. Data analysis techniques used were Structural Equation Model (SEM) with AMOS help (Analysis of Moment Structures) program. The results of this study show that critical thinking has a significant effect on decision making.

UMKM kerajinan Lidi dan Batik di Desa Pondoknongko, Kecamatan Kabat, Kabupaten Banyuwangi adalah kelompok usaha produktif masyarakat yang menjadi ikon masyarakat Banyuwangi. Aktifitas usaha yang dilakukan selama ini masih konvensional sehingga berdampak terhadap kapasitas produksi yang belum optimal. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah dengan memberikan IPTEK berupa inovasi seni dan manajemen usaha yang lebih baik. Kegiatan dilakukan dengan kegiatan pelatihan yang didampingi oleh narasumber yang telah berpengalaman dan memiliki jaringan yang cukup luas. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian yang akan dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa usaha yang telah berjalan memiliki potensi sangat bagus dengan nilai ekonomis yang cukup tinggi dan meningkatkan penyerapan tenaga kerja. Beberapa produk inovasi juga dikembangkan meliputi aksesoris, hiasan dinding serta peralatan rumah tangga dan lain sebagainya. Kegiatan pendampingan ini telah membantu usaha masyarakat Pondoknongko agar dapat lebih maju dan berkembang.

Indonesian people had long used plants as traditional medicine. In addition to maintaining health, traditional medicine was in great demand and prevents disease. We often encounter syzygium polyanthum leaves as a complement in tamarind and pepes, which were believed to act as a preservative. This study aimed to determine qualitatively bay leaf extract as an antimicrobial, Salmonella typhi. Methanol extraction of syzygium polyantum leaves would be partitioned with hexane and ethyl acetate solvents. The anti-microbial potential was shown in the Maximum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) test, the identification of the compound using GC-MS and its potential as antibacterial was shown by docking the molecule using docking in silico technique against 5L3J protein. The MIC results were shown that the hexane partition at 100 ppm had 22.09 mm inhibition and the ethyl acetate partition at 80 ppm, had 18.15 mm inhibition. The GC-MS’ testing resulted of syzygium polianthum leaf extract showed the presence of alpha-pinene, alpha-cubenene, 1H-Cyclopropa [a] naphthalene, nerolidol, humulene epoxide II, phytol, 9,12,15-Octadecatrien-1-ol, Squalene, Alpha-tocopherol, Beta-sitosterol, azulene, valence, Azulene and beta-Panasinen. However, the lowest binding affinity value was obtained from the cytosterol compound of −9.45 kcal/mol in ethyl acetate and Valencene solutions of −6.93 kcal/mol in n-hexane solvent. While the positive control-Chloramphenicol was −36.93 kcal/mol. This means that the syzygium polyanthum leaf extract could be used as an alternative medicine for typhoid. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to find out what factors influence the community to become workers in the cottage, and to find out the most influential factors to become workers. This research is a field research, using descriptive qualitative. The population was all 79 employees of PM Gontor Campus 6 Magelang, with a sample of 18 people. Purposive sampling method is used to get data from people who know best. The method of data collection uses the method of observation, interviews, documents, and triangulation. The results of this study show that there are 4 factors that influence the community to become workers in the cottage, namely: Religiosity, Security, Leisure, and social. And the most influential factor is the factor of religiosity. The people who have worked in the hut so that istiqomah works in order to get blessings. Because work does not only seek the life of the world, but also for the hereafter.

AIM Current guidelines advocate ‘one-stop’ neck lump assessment for cancer referrals. We pilot a novel pre-clinic ultrasound pathway, present the outcomes and discuss strengths and limitations especially in view of the current COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Patients referred by the GP on a two-week-wait cancer pathway with a ‘neck lump’ were allocated pre-clinic ultrasound scans followed by an ENT clinic appointment. Demographics, patient journey details and outcomes were collected and analysed. RESULTS 99 patients underwent pre-clinic ultrasound assessment by a specialist consultant radiologist an average of 8.02 days after referral with 30 (30.3%) also undergoing biopsy. Patients were followed-up 14.1 days (range 2 – 26 days) after initial referral. In 92.9% of patients, a positive impact was achieved; at the first clinic appointment 45 patients were discharged (45.5%), ten were listed for surgery (10.1%), a cancer diagnosis was made in a further 12 patients (12.1%), 6 patients (6.1%) were referred onwards to another speciality and 19 patients (19.2%) were taken off the cancer pathway and followed up routinely. In four patients, it was retrospectively felt that ultrasound was not indicated as the referral did not accurately reflect the patient’s presenting complaint or examination findings. Repeat ultrasound was inadvertently requested for one patient. Two patients were reviewed prior to biopsy results being available leading to an additional appointment being required. CONCLUSION Pre-clinic ultrasound scanning is an alternative to the current ‘one-stop’ neck lump pathway. Our results demonstrate a reduction in clinic visits, quicker diagnosis and low proportion of unnecessary scans. Our proposed pathway requires minimal service restructuring and has added potential cost savings. We have found it to be effective during the COVID-19 pandemic in minimising the face-to-face consultations and the number of aerosol generating procedures (AGPs). Further refinement is needed to streamline and make the process more robust. A larger study with direct comparison to the ‘one-stop’ clinic is required to assess further strengths and limitations.

Ability competencies conduct performances based on knowledge, skills, and attitudes according to performances required. The research analyzes the factors that can influence CPL/pilot license commercial phase technical knowledge of cadets of official aviation school vocational education. The research uses a quantitative approach by using the Data Analysis Technique of factor analysis. The population in this research consists of cadets available in Indonesian Aviation Academy and Indonesian Aviation Polytechnique Curug as 180 cadets, whereas the sampling technique uses a total sampling of 180 cadets. The data collection uses questionnaires. The results in this research find five factors, they are performance ability factors, performance attitude and communication factors, performance moral factor, performance factual factor, and performance mental factor.

Method is a comprehensive plan to provide language learning materials on a regular basis, with no contradictory part, and all are based on a particular approach. The purpose of this study is to improve the Aeronautical Knowledge of Vocational Education Cadets in the Official Aviation School. The object chosen in this study is the Vocational Education Cadets of Official Aviation School. Based on the results of this study, it is proven that the direct learning model is able to increase Aeronautical Knowledge, which is indicated by the improvement of cadets’ achievement.

Introduction: Litigation against the National Health Service (NHS) in England is rising, costing £2.4 billion in 2018/19. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and characteristics of otolaryngology clinical negligence claims in England. Methods: A retrospective review was undertaken of all clinical negligence claims in England held by NHS Resolution relating to otolaryngology between April 2013 and April 2018. Analysis was performed using information for cause, patient injury and claim cost. Where claim information was adequately detailed, the authors categorised claims by subspecialty, diagnosis and operation. Results: A total of 727 claims were identified with an estimated potential cost of £108 million. From these, 463 were closed claims. Including open claim reserves, the mean cost of a claim was £148,923. Head and neck surgery was the subspecialty with the highest number of claims (n=313, 43%) and highest cost (£51.5 million) followed by otology (n=171, £24.5 million) and rhinology (n=171, £13.6 million). Over half of claims were associated with an operation (n=429, 59%) where mastoid surgery (n=46) and endoscopic sinus surgery (n=46) were equally associated with the greatest number of claims. The most frequent reasons for litigation included failure or delay to diagnose (n=178, 25%) failure or delay to treat (n=136, 19%), intra-operative complications (n=130, 18%) and failure of the consent process (n=107, 15%). Discussion: Clinical negligence claims in otolaryngology are related to several different components of patient management and is not limited to post-operative complications. This study highlights the importance of robust pathways in outpatient diagnostics and the consenting process, especially in the high-risk speciality of head and neck surgery, in order to deliver better patient care and reduce the impact of litigation.

INTRODUCTION Litigation against the National Health Service (NHS) in England is rising. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and characteristics of otorhinolaryngology clinical negligence claims in England. METHODS A retrospective review was undertaken of all clinical negligence claims in England held by NHS Resolution relating to otorhinolaryngology between April 2013 and April 2018. Analysis was performed using information for cause, patient injury and claim cost. Where claim information was adequately detailed, the authors categorised claims by subspecialty, diagnosis and surgery. RESULTS A total number of 727 claims were identified with an estimated potential cost of £108 million. Out of these, 463 were closed claims. Including open claim reserves, the mean cost of a claim was £148 923. Head and neck surgery was the subspecialty with the highest number of claims (n = 313, 43%) and highest cost (£51.5 million) followed by otology (n = 171, £24.5 million) and rhinology (n = 171, £13.6 million). Over half of claims were associated with an operation (n = 429, 59%) where mastoid surgery (n = 46) and endoscopic sinus surgery (n = 46) were equally associated with the greatest number of claims. The most frequent causes for clinical negligence claims included failure or delay to diagnose (n = 178, 25%), failure or delay to treat (n = 136, 19%), intra-operative complications (n = 130, 18%) and failure of the consent process (n = 107, 15%). DISCUSSION Clinical negligence claims in otorhinolaryngology are related to several different components of patient management and are not limited to postoperative complications. This study highlights the importance of robust pathways in out-patient diagnostics and the consenting process in order to deliver better patient care and reduce the impact of litigation. Keywords informed consent, malpractice, clinical negligence claims, litigation, otolaryngology.

Penularan Covid-19 saat ini terus meningkat secara drastis di berbagai negara terutama di Indonesia. Rendahnya pengetahuan serta penggunaan APD akan memicu grafik penularan terus meningkat . Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah memberikan edukasi mengenai resiko penyebaran dan penularan virus serta langkah penanganan pencegahan terhadap Covid-19. kegiatan dilakukan dengan memberikan edukasi langsung ke masyarakat dan pemberian bantuan masker serta bahan pokok. Proses edukasi dilakukan dengan menunjukkan media penularan berupa poster agar lebih mudah dipahami dengan baik. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah terbentuknya pengetahuan yang baik dari masyarakat serta mampu menerapkan pencegahan Covid-19 serta melakukan kebiasaan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat dalam beraktifitas setiap harinya. Kata kunci : Covid-19, Sosialisasi, Edukasi

Introduction. Complaints relating to patient care are known to correlate with surgical complication rates and malpractice lawsuits. In a continually evolving health service and on-going financial pressures, identifying current complaint themes could drive future improvements in healthcare delivery. Objective. The aim of this paper is to review and analyse complaints received by the ENT department of two large teaching hospitals in London in order to determine current trends and mitigate future challenges. Method. All complaints registered with the Patient Advice and Liaison Service (PALS) from the ENT Department at our institution were collected between June 2016 and August 2018. Demographic information was collated and complaints were analysed and interpreted as per a standardised coding taxonomy. Results. A total of 242 complaints were collected. Most (91.7%) were logged by patients themselves with a mean age of 48.3 (range 3–98 years). The majority were directed at the administrative team (52%) followed by management (23.5%) and then clinicians (16.9%). Administrative issues were the most common (50.1%) followed by clinical (25.1%) and relationship/communication (24.7%). The bulk of complaints focused on delays in access to services and treatment in the form of cancellations and long appointment waiting times (37%). Conclusion. There has been a significant shift in complaints themes from clinical issues to administrative issues. This may reflect increasing financial and staffing pressures in the NHS. Complaints analysis is key in quality improvement and a cross-specialty integrated filing system in concordance with the recently proposed taxonomy would ease future collection and analysis of data.

This study aims to examine the employers’ perception on the generic skills of the MTU engineering students after their industrial training. The related generic skills in this study are problem-solving skills, leadership skills, communication skills, management skills, entrepreneurial skills, critical thinking skills, decision making skills, teamwork skills and interpersonal skill. The sample of this study consists of 144 employers from EEE (Electrical and Electronic Engineering) field industries that has been chosen from whole Malaysia using random sampling. The design of the study uses quantitative survey approach specifically descriptive analysis where data analysis is done in the form of mean, frequencies and percentages. (The results show that employers' perceptions on the level for students’ leadership skills is at a moderate low of 2.77.On the other hand, the students' communication skills is at a moderate low level of 2.83, management skills at a moderate high level of 3.34, interpersonal skills at a moderate high level of 3.37, problem-solving skills at a moderate high level of 3.70, critical thinking skills at a moderate high level of 3.47, decision-making skills at moderate high of 4.13 and teamwork skills at moderate high of 3.64 and entrepreneurial skills at moderate low of 2.59. ) Referring to the findings that it can help the university to re-evaluate the industry training curriculum to improve the quality of the student's generic skills. Therefore, it is hoped that these research findings can be used by related authorities (Ministry Higher Education and Industry) to improve the students’ overall generic skills and consequently produce quality graduates not only in technical skills but also in generic skills. This findings will be used as a guideline in the improvement of the industry training curriculum by looking at the weakest level of generic skills based on the employer's perception.

This study aimed to investigate the perception of Lifelong Learning (LLL) program participants on their readiness to venture into entrepreneurship. Aspects of the level of readiness measured in this study includes; motivation, abilities knowledge and interests of the LLL program participants. The research sample consists of 235 respondents from LLL program participants. The research design was a survey using a quantitative approach that was analyzed using descriptive statistics-specifically frequency counts, percentages and mean. SPSS version 25.0 was used to analyze the data. The instrument used was a questionnaire which had a reliability coefficient of α=0.9, indicating a very high instrument reliability. Findings reveal that the level of readiness of LLL program participants in entrepreneurial knowledge was at moderate level with mean value is 3.6. Meanwhile, readiness level of LLL program participants in terms of entrepreneurial interest was at high level with mean value is 4.1. Readiness in terms of entrepreneurial motivation was at a high level with mean value is 4.2. While readiness in terms of entrepreneurial abilities was moderately high level with mean value is 3.8. Thus, the researchers hope that the results obtained can be exploited by certain parties in order to improve the readiness of lifelong learning program participants in entrepreneurship, thereby producing quality entrepreneurs who can create more jobs to reduce the problem of unemployment in Malaysia.

Antrochoanal polyps (ACP) are benign, large, inflammatory polyps which originate from within the maxillary sinus and extend through the natural or accessory ostia, into the nasal cavity, with extension into the choana. They are relatively uncommon, accounting for just 3 – 6% of all nasal polyps, although they are much more frequently encountered in children, affecting upto 35% of the paediatric population 1. Even among adults, they usually present at a younger age, as compared with usual nasal polyps with a mean age at diagnosis of 27 and 50 years respectively 2. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Antrochoanal polyps (ACPs) are benign lesions that originate from the mucosa of the maxillary sinus, and extend into the nasal cavity to reach the choana and nasopharynx. The treatment of ACPs is surgical, with a number of different surgical techniques having been described. We describe the first case series of ACPs from the UK and the endoscopic surgical technique that we have employed. A retrospective case note review of patients with ACPs managed under the care of the senior author was conducted. Demographic and clinical data for all patients were reviewed. The main outcome parameter measured was any sign of recurrence. A total of 29 consecutive patients were included for analysis from a 5-year study period, with 19 males and 10 females, and a mean age of 37.4 ± 13.6 years. Four patients within our group were referred to us with recurrent ACPs for revision surgery. All patients underwent surgery via the same endoscopic technique. The mean follow-up period was 14.7 ± 16.9 months, with an average follow-up of 22.5 months for the four revision cases. There were no recurrences in any of our patients. We describe the first reported series of endoscopic sinus surgery for antrochoanal polyps in the UK, and the largest worldwide series described for endoscopic management of ACPs in adults. We have had no recurrent cases, with a mean follow-up period of 14.7 months.

Nasal vestibular stenosis can result in a challenging cosmetic deformity, for which a variety of techniques have been described, including scar excision and replacement with local flaps, composite or cartilage grafts, with or without stents. We describe the Z-plasty technique to widen the alar base and assess patient satisfaction from the surgery. A retrospective review of patients who underwent Z-plasty to the alar subunit for nasal vestibular stenosis over a 4-year period was conducted. Demographic data and patient satisfaction were evaluated using pre- and postoperative visual analog scores and Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation questionnaires. Eight patients underwent the procedure, and all confirmed significant improvement in their esthetic outcome. We describe our Z-plasty technique to the alar base and review patient satisfaction.