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Purpose. The work is aimed to present the results of a comprehensive study of the bench testing procedure of high-current sliding contact of electric transport, which together provide a basis for proposals, recommendations for improving the standard method of these tests. Methodology. The research is based on two classical methods of scientific research. The first one is the observation and processing of the results of a real experiment in the laboratory; the second is the development of mathematical model for determining the temperature effect in the area of sliding contact on the wear of the contact wire, with subsequent determination of the resource of this sliding contact. Findings. The result of these studies is a list of recommendations on the procedure and content of the program-methodology of bench tests of inserts of current collectors of electric transports. The obtained scientifically substantiated results will allow to assert that their introduction will reduce time, energy and other expenses for performing obligatory bench tests of new samples of current collector inserts. Originality. By means of non-destructive temperature control at the point of current collection of high-current sliding contact, taking into account the temperature limit value during current collection process, for the first time the values of the heating time constant of the «insert fragment – contact wire ring» were obtained for different insert materials. This makes it possible to predict the final result of bench tests as successful or unsuccessful already at the initial testing stage (the first 10 thousand disk passes). Based on statistical processing of experimental data, the dependences of the contact wire wear on the number of test bench passes were obtained, which creates conditions for forecasting the value of contact wire wear during bench tests relative to the reference sample. Practical value. It is experimentally proved that the dependence of the contact wire wear on the number of passes of the test bench disk is linear, which allows accelerated resource testing of high-current sliding contact elements while maintaining the adequacy of the results. In general, the comprehensive application of the received recommendations creates conditions for saving time, energy and other costs when conducting bench tests of sliding contacts of electric transport.

The gravity map of Ouaddai in the eastern region of Chad exhibits important anomalies that are often delimitated by the high gravity gradients, resulting from the density contrasts between various anomaly sources. This presumes an important tectonic activity in zone. Because of its arid and desert nature, the region is water-poor or even lacking water resources. The main source of water in the region is made of very deep aquifers. The gravity analysis from this study helps to better understand the network of faults in the area. Many complementary approaches of the gravity data processing have been applied, namely the horizontal gradient coupled to the upward and downward continuation and the Euler method. Results from the data filtring have allowed highlighting faults network in various directions (SSW-NNE S-N E-W, NE-SW) and the main direction. In total, 37 major faults were detected with various lengths including 11 (F6, F9, F10, F12, F17, F29, F31, F34, F35, F37) for a cumulative total length of 353 km oriented towards Bongor basin and 15 others (F1, F4, F7, F8, F11, F13, F18, F20, F23, F25, F26, F27, F28, F30, F33), for a cumulative total length of 621 km, oriented towards Doba basin. These faults are of paramount importance with great potential impacts on the regions hydrocarbon reservoirs. Thise results in one hand confirmed some known faults from the previous investigations. In the other hand, the study helps to identify other new and unknown tectonic signatures.

The present work deals with an interpretation of well log data (gamma ray (GR), resistivity, density, and neutron) from four wells, namely P-1, P-2, P-3 and P-4 in the study area of the Rio Del Rey basin. The well logs analysis indicates five potential sandstone reservoirs at the P-1, two at the P-2, four at the P-3 and six at the P-4. The neutron–density-GR logs highlight the sandstone gas reservoir characterized by high resistivity and crossover between neutron density. The neutron–density-GR cross-plot confirms the presence of sandstone containing hydrocarbons by a displacement of the cloud of points, from low to medium GR values, from the sandstone line to the left. Petrophysical parameters exhibit the value 12–41% for a volume of shale, 15–34% for effective porosity, 29–278 mD for permeability and 3–63% for water saturation. The three potential hydrocarbon reservoir saturation ranges from 22 to 45%. The study will contribute to future offshore oil and gas exploration and development in the Rio Del Rey basin, based on the geological and geophysical characteristics of the reservoirs delineated.

The present study aimed at examining the effect of mental calculation and number comparison on motor performance measured as the movement time of a fast manual-pointing movement. Three experiments, involving a total number of 65 undergraduate subjects, examined the effect of mental subtraction (complex) and, respectively, of (a) mental addition (simple or complex), (b) mental multiplication (simple or complex), and (c) the comparison of dot sets and number comparison. Each number was written in Arabic. The movement times were analyzed by using a multilevel linear mixed-effect model. The results showed significant improvement of manual-pointing movement performance only after the complex calculations and after number comparison. Possible implication of attentional mechanisms specific to this arithmetical activity is further discussed.

This study investigates the use of textural features and texture maps in building a brain age prediction model using two publicly available datasets (IXI and OASIS), also the usage of texture maps to calculate the brain age delta and use it as a biomarker of dementia and investigate accelerated aging for demented subjects.

The gravity map of Ouaddai in the eastern region of Chad exhibits important anomalies that are often delimitated by the high gravity gradients, resulting from the density contrasts between various anomaly sources. This presumes an important tectonic activity in zone. Because of its arid and desert nature, the region is water-poor or even lacking water resources. The main source of water in the region is made of very deep aquifers. The gravity analysis from this study helps to better understand the network of faults in the area. Many complementary approaches of the gravity data processing have been applied, namely the horizontal gradient coupled to the upward and downward continuation and the Euler method. Results from the data filtring have allowed highlighting faults network in various directions (SSW-NNE S-N E-W, NE-SW) and the main direction. In total, 37 major faults were detected with various lengths including 11 (F6, F9, F10, F12, F17, F29, F31, F34, F35, F37) for a cumulative total length of 353 km oriented towards Bongor basin and 15 others (F1, F4, F7, F8, F11, F13, F18, F20, F23, F25, F26, F27, F28, F30, F33), for a cumulative total length of 621 km, oriented towards Doba basin. These faults are of paramount importance with great potential impacts on the regions hydrocarbon reservoirs. Thise results in one hand confirmed some known faults from the previous investigations. In the other hand, the study helps to identify other new and unknown tectonic signatures. &nbsp

The north-central Cameroon is located at the northern edge of Archean Congo–Sao Francisco craton and at the east of the West African craton. This area includes various Neoproterozoic to Holocene geological litho-structural units. It corresponds to a juvenile crust resulting from the collision of the above cratons. Geological features associated with the Poli–Ounianga–Kebir heavy gravity line trending NE–SW crosscuts the study area and hosts several deposits, chiefly auriferous and uraniferous ore deposits. Uraniferous bodies are described at the SW and NE sides of the Benue Trough and are related to hydrothermal processes and structural events in Neoproterozoic granitoids of Poli (Cameroon) and Zabili (Chad). Gold ore deposits are found around faulted zones mostly in the Tchollire shear zone. Gravity data derived from the Earth Gravitational Model EGM2008, combining terrestrial, maritime and satellite-derived data, were used to model the crust of the north-central Cameroon. The geophysical filtering enabled to highlight that the most fractured areas with the deepest faults are situated on the positive anomalies of the mineralized volcano-sedimentary belts of Poli and Bibemi. The Benue Trough that crosscuts the volcano-sedimentary belts exposes few structural features due to the weak gravity signal of Cretaceous sedimentary cover. The radially averaged power spectrum analysis brought out the density contrast depths of some geological belts and revealed the Moho discontinuity of the study area at about 24 km depth. This Moho depth is in accordance with the assumption of a thin crust and a mantle upwelling in the study area proposed by previous works. Thus, the presence of geological formations of mantle, crustal and mixed crustal-mantle origin such as mafic rocks as well as calc-alkaline to alkaline granitoid outcropping in the study area may be the consequence of the proximity of the upper mantle to the surface. Moreover, fractures highlighted in this work brought out the crustal permeability in the study area illustrating migratory passages for mantle formations found at the surface. Based on the gravity field analysis, the proposed models of basement in this study provide geological architecture highlighting the presence of more or less dense rocks and hydrothermal fluids migration along faults as key elements for ore deposits formation.

PURPOSE The proposed method aims to create label maps that can be used for the segmentation of animal brain MR images without the need of a brain template. This is achieved by performing a joint deconvolution and segmentation of the brain MR images. METHODS It is based on modeling locally the image statistics using a generalized Gaussian distribution (GGD) and couples the deconvolved image and its corresponding labels map using the GGD-Potts model. Because of the complexity of the resulting Bayesian estimators of the unknown model parameters, a Gibbs sampler is used to generate samples following the desired posterior probability. RESULTS The performance of the proposed algorithm is assessed on simulated and real MR images by the segmentation of enhanced marmoset brain images into its main compartments using the corresponding label maps created. Quantitative assessment showed that this method presents results that are comparable to those obtained with the classical method-registering the volumes to a brain template. CONCLUSION The proposed method of using labels as prior information for brain segmentation provides a similar or a slightly better performance compared with the classical reference method based on a dedicated template.

Purpose. Analysis of the results of bench tests of sliding electrical contacts of electric vehicles, in order to determine the thermal regime of the sliding contact. Methodology. The initial data were obtained during field experiments on a specialized stand in the laboratory, which were carried out to determine the wear of the contact wire inserts of different types for pantographs of electro-rolling stock of railways. To determine the contact wire temperature at the place of sliding contact, a non-destructive non-contact method of control using a thermal imager was used. Findings. During the experimental part of the research, the thermal imaging photographs were obtained, they recorded the temperatures at the place of sliding contact between the insert of the pantograph of the electric rolling stock and the contact wire installed on the test disk. These temperature values were recorded with a certain time interval, which allowed to build the dependences of changes in thermal regime over time, to determine the heating time constant of the "insert-contact wire" of the test bench and to obtain the final temperature value at the end of tests. Accepting the insert sample in which the minimum temperature in the area of sliding contact is as a reference, it becomes possible by the value of the temperature of the contact wire in the area of sliding contact to predict the final test result of other types of pads. Originality. Indicators of temperature modes of sliding contact of electric vehicles during bench tests are obtained for the first time, the proposed relative temperature indicator allows to predict the results of bench tests of qualitative indicators of sliding contact of electric vehicles.. Practical value. Bench tests of inserts of current collectors of electric vehicles are a long procedure, the normative indicator of the number of passes of the current collector on the stand is equal to 500 thousand passes, which requires significant expenditure of time, energy, human resources and others. The indicators proposed according to the test results, namely the heating time constant and the relative temperature index, allow to carry out two-stage tests. At the first stage, with a duration of 10 thousand revolutions of the test bench disk, the proposed indicators are determined and compared with the corresponding reference, in case of their compliance it becomes possible to predict the final test result as successful (contact wire wear less than normal) or unsuccessful. In the latter case, the need for the second stage of testing up to 500 thousand revolutions is questionable, because the end result will be negative, and the significant resources will be involved in the test, and therefore these tests are impractical., Цель работы. Проведение анализа результатов стендовых испытаний скользящих электрических контактов электротранспорта с целью определения показателей теплового режима скользящего контакта. Методы исследований. Исходные данные получены во время натурных экспериментов на специализированном стенде в лабораторных условиях, которые проводились с целью определения износа контактного провода вставками разных типов для пантографов электроподвижного состава железных дорог. Для определения температуры контактного провода в месте скользящего контакта применялся неразрушающий бесконтактный метод контроля с помощью тепловизора. Полученные результаты. В ходе экспериментальной части исследований были получены тепловизорные фотографии, на которых зафиксированы температуры в месте скользящего контакта между вставкой пантографа электроподвижного состава и контактным проводом, установленным на испытательном диске. Эти температурные значения фиксировались с определенным временным интервалом, позволяющим построить зависимости изменения теплового режима во времени, определить устойчивое время нагрева системы «вставка-контактный провод» испытательного стенда и получить конечное значение температуры в конце испытаний. Принимая образец вставки при котором получена минимальная температура в зоне скользящего контакта в качестве эталонного, становится возможным по значению температуры контактного провода в зоне скользящего контакта прогнозировать конечный результат испытаний других типов накладок.. Научная новизна. Показателями температурных режимов скользящего контакта электротранспорта во время стендовых испытаний получены впервые, предложенный относительный температурный показатель позволяет по результатам стендовых испытаний прогнозировать качественные показатели скользящего контакта электротранспорта. Практическая ценность. Стендовые испытания вставок токоприемников электротранспорта являются длительной процедурой, нормативный показатель количества проходов токоприемника на стенде равен 500 тысяч проходов, что требует значительных затрат времени, энергии, человеческих ресурсов и т.д. Предложенные по результатам испытаний показатели, а именно постоянная время нагрева и относительный температурный показатель, позволяет реализовать двухэтапные испытания. На первом этапе, продолжительностью 10 тысяч оборотов диска испытательного стенда определяются предложенные показатели и сравниваются с соответствующими эталонными, в случае их соответствия становится возможным прогнозировать конечный результат испытаний как успешный (износ контактного провода меньше нормы) или не успешный. В последнем случае необходимость проведения второго этапа испытаний до 500 тыс. оборотов становится под вопросом, поскольку конечный результат будет отрицательным, а ресурсы на испытания будут задействованы значительные, а потому эти испытания нецелесообразны., Мета роботи. Проведення аналізу результатів стендових випробувань ковзних електричних контактів електротранспорту, з метою визначення показників теплового режиму ковзного контакту. Методи дослідження. Вихідні дані отримані підчас натурних експериментів на спеціалізованому стенді в лабораторних умовах, які проводились з метою визначення зносу контактного проводу вставками різних типів для пантографів електрорухомого складу залізниць. Для визначення температури контактного проводу у місці ковзного контакту застосовувався неруйнівний безконтактний метод контролю за допомогою тепловізора. Отримані результати. Під час проведення експериментальної частини досліджень були отримані тепловізорні фотографії, на яких зафіксовані температури у місці ковзного контакту між вставкою пантографа електрорухомого складу та контактним проводом, який встановлено на випробувальному диску. Ці температурні значення фіксувались з визначеним часовим інтервалом, що дозволили побудувати залежності зміни теплового режиму у часі, визначити сталу часу нагрівання системи «вставка-контактний провід» випробувального стенду та отримати кінцеве значення температури наприкінці випробувань. Приймачі зразок вставки при якому отримана мінімальна температура у зоні ковзного контакту в якості еталонного, стає можливим за значенням температури контактного проводу у зоні ковзного контакту прогнозувати кінцевий результат випробувань інших типів накладок. Наукова новизна. Показниками температурних режимів ковзного контакту електротранспорту підчас стендових випробувань отримані вперше, запропонований відносний температурний показник дозволяє за результатами стендових випробувань прогнозувати якісні показники ковзного контакту електротранспорту. Практична цінність. Стендові випробування вставок струмоприймачів електротранспорту є тривалою процедурою, нормативний показник кількості проходів струмоприймача на стенду дорівнює 500 тисяч проходів, що вимагає значних витрат часу, енергії, людських ресурсів та інш. Запропоновані за результатами випробувань показники, а саме стала (постійна) часу нагрівання та відносний температурний показник, дозволяє реалізувати двоетапні випробування. На першому етапі, тривалістю 10 тисяч обертів диску випробувального стенду визначаються запропоновані показники, та порівнюються з відповідними еталонними, у разі їх відповідності стає можливим прогнозувати кінцевий результат випробувань як успішний (знос контактного проводу менший за норму), або не успішний. В останньому випадку необхідність проведення другого етапу випробувань до 500 тис обертів стає під питанням, оскільки кінцевий результат буде негативним, а ресурси на випробування будуть задіяні значні, а тому ці випробування є недоцільними.

Lakes Monoun, Nyos, and Oku are three neighbouring crater lakes located in the active area of the Cameroon Volcanic Line (CVL) which structural and geodynamical state remains less known and does not allow to understand why only the first two are the seats of CO2 storage and exploded in 1984 and 1986 respectively. To carry out the structural and geodynamical study, the lineaments were extracted manually using pre-processed radar images with a resolution of 10 m. Structurally, the results show new many major faults and fractures densified around the lakes Nyos and Monoun, measuring respectively at least 12.7 km and 21.5 km, contrary to the lake Oku crossed only by minor fractures. Geodynamically, the results also reveal that the lakes Monoun and Nyos seats of limnic eruptions are located in the moderately active region of the CVL, while the lake Oku which has never been the site of limnic eruption is located in the most active area. So, the storage and gases emission of lakes Monoun and Nyos are not controlled by the geodynamical activity of their environments but, by the major and deep faults interconnected with major and minor fractures that crossing the two crater lakes, carrying the gases from the depths to the surface.

Цель работы. Проведение анализа результатов стендовых испытаний скользящих электрических контактов электротранспорта с целью определения показателей теплового режима скользящего контакта. Методы исследований. Исходные данные получены во время натурных экспериментов на специализированном стенде в лабораторных условиях, которые проводились с целью определения износа контактного провода вставками разных типов для пантографов электроподвижного состава железных дорог. Для определения температуры контактного провода в месте скользящего контакта применялся неразрушающий бесконтактный метод контроля с помощью тепловизора. Полученные результаты. В ходе экспериментальной части исследований были получены тепловизорные фотографии, на которых зафиксированы температуры в месте скользящего контакта между вставкой пантографа электроподвижного состава и контактным проводом, установленным на испытательном диске. Эти температурные значения фиксировались с определенным временным интервалом, позволяющим построить зависимости изменения теплового режима во времени, определить устойчивое время нагрева системы «вставка-контактный провод» испытательного стенда и получить конечное значение температуры в конце испытаний. Принимая образец вставки при котором получена минимальная температура в зоне скользящего контакта в качестве эталонного, становится возможным по значению температуры контактного провода в зоне скользящего контакта прогнозировать конечный результат испытаний других типов накладок.. Научная новизна. Показателями температурных режимов скользящего контакта электротранспорта во время стендовых испытаний получены впервые, предложенный относительный температурный показатель позволяет по результатам стендовых испытаний прогнозировать качественные показатели скользящего контакта электротранспорта. Практическая ценность. Стендовые испытания вставок токоприемников электротранспорта являются длительной процедурой, нормативный показатель количества проходов токоприемника на стенде равен 500 тысяч проходов, что требует значительных затрат времени, энергии, человеческих ресурсов и т.д. Предложенные по результатам испытаний показатели, а именно постоянная время нагрева и относительный температурный показатель, позволяет реализовать двухэтапные испытания. На первом этапе, продолжительностью 10 тысяч оборотов диска испытательного стенда определяются предложенные показатели и сравниваются с соответствующими эталонными, в случае их соответствия становится возможным прогнозировать конечный результат испытаний как успешный (износ контактного провода меньше нормы) или не успешный. В последнем случае необходимость проведения второго этапа испытаний до 500 тыс. оборотов становится под вопросом, поскольку конечный результат будет отрицательным, а ресурсы на испытания будут задействованы значительные, а потому эти испытания нецелесообразны.

when speaking of the electrical activity of the muscles, major data can be extracted from such signals. One significant piece of information that can be extracted from those signals is the spatial positioning of the active regions within the muscle with major applications it participate in, starting from the improved diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases, and ending in a better prosthetic control. This study is an extended and improved version of a recent work previously done that included proposing the creation of a modified lead field matrix for High-Density surface EMG signals. This was proceeded by solving the corresponding inverse problem by the classical methods of minimum norm estimation (regular and weighted) and the comparison of the two methods by considering two different scenarios of activation patterns; one which only takes into consideration the superficial sources and the other that takes into consideration the deep sources. Then, the mean square error between the signals reconstructed using the inverse solution and the initial signals, which are simulated by an analytical model, is calculated for both of the scenarios.

The features of the thermal state of the current collection unit «contact wire – contact insert of the current collector» in the conditions of preparation of electric rolling stock for the journey are considered. As part of the study, a methodology has been developed for estimating the heating temperature of the power sliding contact zone in the conditions of train preparation for journey. Application of the method will help to reduce the number of «burnouts» of the contact wire due to the exact selection of the heating/cooling time of the train for a certain heating/conditioning current when preparing the electric rolling stock for the journey.It was established that the cause of the «burns» of the contact wire in the parking lots when preparing the train dispatch is the excess of the permissible temperature of the power sliding contact as a result of the prolonged action of the heating/conditioning current. The standard approach for determining the duration of heating is based on the average values of the loads on the system and therefore does not take into account some factors, for example, the state of the contact wire, the state of the contact insert of the current collector, the number of cars in the train, and so on. The proposed technique is based on the classical theory of electrical contact and the theory of heating a homogeneous body, which makes it possible to accurately assess the thermal state of the power sliding contact and convenient enough for use in operating conditions.The results of the work are of practical value, since the technology of preparing a train for dispatch can be supplemented by calculating the contact temperature «contact wire element – contact insert element» in accordance with the proposed methodology. This will allow for a specific train in specific conditions to apply a set of measures to prevent «burnout» of the contact wire in the event of a possible temperature exceeding the permissible value.

International audience; Several computing techniques and sensor technologies have been proposed in the last two decades to provide indoor localization systems for personal in-home staying. This field known as personal localization system (PLS) is quite challenging due to some faulty sensor measurements as well as people random movements. This paper describes the ongoing work of in-home PLS using data fusion between an inertial measurement unit (IMU) and a load pressure sensing floor. In addition, a fault-tolerant fusion method is proposed using a purely informational formalism: information filter on the one hand, and information theory tools on the other hand. Residues based on the Kullback-Leibler divergence are used. Using an appropriate threshold, these residues lead to the detection and exclusion of sensors faults. The experimental results show that the proposed approach is very promising, a fault-tolerant PLS that localizes and tracks people in their home with a high accuracy.

Automatic segmentation of contractions in multichannel uterine EMG signals is the main issue of interest in many recent studies. Most of them are faced with the problem of the detecting other events than contractions. Wavelets have the great advantage of being able to separate the fine details in a signal. Many studies applied wavelets for sake of detecting and analyzing abrupt changes in non-stationary signals. This study is another step of our project focused on the automatic contractions segmentation of uterine EMG signals. Indeed, we will focus on the application of dynamic cumulative sum method (DCS) with over-segmentation elimination techniques on details after wavelet decomposition of bipolar uterine EMG records. DCS will be applied in mono- and multi-dimensional. Detected events are then compared to contractions identified by expert using Margin validation test. Regarding the obtained sensitivity and other events rate of methods we find that DCS with multidimensional application give the highest sensitivity 100% and lowest other events rate 49.6%.

International audience; The objective of this work is to investigate the ability of a 2D super resolution (SR) technique in 3D restoration and enhancement of brain magnetic resonance images to facilitate the study of cerebral aging bio-markers. The SR method exploits the joint properties of the system point spread function and sub-sampling operators to derive a fast algorithm. Brain images of the common marmoset, Callithrix jacchus, acquired at different ages are used in this study. The evaluation of the final outcome of our method is done by computing the intracranial volume from the segmentation of the brain compartments: gray matter, white matter and cerebrospinal fluid. Results show that the deblurring of the images improves the segmentation process with respect to the ground truth. However, super resolution leads to the best quantification of the intracranial volume when compared to the deblurred and the original images. Therefore, despite its sub-optimality, the 2D SR method provides reliable results for improving the quality of the images used in the study of aging in terms of precision of reconstruction and computational time.

Preterm labor is the primary driver of infant mortality. These days, ponders manage the electrical sign of the uterus which can be utilized by investigation strategies so as to concentrate highlights to describe compression and their job in labor. In this investigation, a few non-straight strategies are utilized to concentrate highlights from the sign so as to portray pregnancy and work flag and afterward to arrange them utilizing diverse sort of order apparatuses.All information was recorded in France and Iceland during pregnancy and labor by utilizing of 4x4 matrix of electrodes. Highlights of this sign was extricated utilizing nonlinear techniques, LZC (Lempel-Ziv Complexity), FD (Fractal Dimension), Hjorth parameter (mobility, complexity). At that point these highlights were nourished into classifiers, for example, support vector machine, artificial neural network (single layer perceptron and multilayer perceptron (MLP)); MLP gives the best grouping (rate) utilizing the extracted features and in this manner encourages us to separate among pregnancy and labor contraction signals.

In this experimental comparative study between a prototype lever-propelled wheelchair and conventional hand rim wheelchair, trunk muscles activity in able-bodied subjects was examined using surface electromyography (SEMG). Fifteen healthy males and non-wheelchair users were recruited in Tripoli, Lebanon. Participants successfully performed two propulsion trials on both types of wheelchair: conventional (hand rim; CHr) and non-conventional (lever-propelled prototype; NCLP) at a preselected speed of 0.9 m/s. Variables measured included muscle activity, frequencies, fatigability and the intensity of muscle contractions on two types of propulsion. Results showed that both abdominal and back muscle groups revealed significantly lower activation during NC-LP compared to the C-Hr propulsion. Results showed also muscle activation profile of the trunk musculature at two type of wheelchair propulsion. Our results suggested a necessity of a future study design methodology including wheelchair users with spinal cord injury.

In the context of exploring the internal muscle activity, information such as the location of the muscle electrical sources play a vital role in the diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases, biomechanics, medical robotics research, and better prosthetic control. In this paper the inverse problem of surface electromyography (sEMG) source estimation, tested on simulated data only, was solved by two approaches; the regularized minimum norm estimation (MNE) and the weighted minimum norm (wMNE) estimation. Using a single layer volume conductor, we compared simulated sEMG signals to reconstructed signals after the application of the inverse problem by the two methods. The novelty in the work is that those two methods are compared on a sEMG adapted lead field. Results showed the effectiveness of the MNE and wMNE approaches according to mean square error (MSE) when comparing the original signal and the reconstructed signal.

In this paper, a three dimensional navigation algorithm is proposed for a swarm of medical micro-robots navigating in human blood vessels. The micro robot swarm is intended to be used for treating vascular obstructions, or for precise drug delivery to diseased sites. The proposed algorithm is based on potential functions theory that add an attractive force to the desired path ensuring precise following. Potential functions are also used to ensure a collision-free cohesiveness among the micro-robot swarm elements. Simulation results under MATLAB environment are promising, showing the applicability of the proposed navigation algorithm in possible medical applications.