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Purpose: The three-dimensional (3D) printing method is a modern approach in which different custom designs are fabricated with high complexity according to the patient’s need. This narrative review aimed to highlight the materials used in 3D printers for medical use, especially in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery. Methods: PubMed, Web of Sciences, and Google Scholar were searched for the relevant studies, and after meeting the inclusion criteria, articles were studied, and focused points were highlighted. Results: s: Synthetic and natural materials used in 3D printing include hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate, bicalcium phosphate, apatite–wollastonite glass ceramics, stem cells, and collagen. The most frequent clinical applications include dental implants, maxillofacial trauma, facial cosmetics, orthognathic surgery, maxillofacial oncology, and maxillofacial reconstruction. Anatomical models and surgical instructions were the most often printed objects. The key benefits were increased surgical precision and a shorter operating time. The cost of the items, the length of the manufacturing process when printed by the industry, and legal concerns were the main drawbacks. Conclusion: The 3D models are beneficial for surgeons as they can save time and even human life. In the future, additional research should be done on the modeling, efficacy, and safety of natural materials, and systematic reviews and meta-analyses should be conducted for a better understanding.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is any relationship between the thickness of the labial alveolar bone wall in the anterior portion of the maxilla and arch shape.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty patients (age, 12–53 years) were selected from archived cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) cases. All maxillary front teeth were present in all the cases. The distance between the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and the facial bone crest and the thickness of the labial alveolar bone wall at distances of 1, 3, and 5 mm apical to the facial bone crest were measured.RESULTS: The distance between the CEJ and the facial bone crest ranged from 2.24 mm and 3.08 mm. No significant differences were found between the thickness of the bone wall at 1, 3, and 5 mm apical to the crest. A significant difference was found between the U-shaped arch on one side and the V-shaped and square-shaped arches on the other side. The U-shaped arch and labial bone wall thickness were correlated at the 1-mm distance (F = (8, 276) = 3.24, p = 0.002). U-shaped and V-shaped arches were common in women, whereas square-shaped arches were common in men (χ2 = 105.5, p = 0.000).CONCLUSION: Our study is the first to associate arch shape and labial alveolar bone wall thickness.CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The association between the U-shaped arch and bone wall thickness may constitute a new indicator for the tendency of the labial alveolar bone to resorb after extraction and placement of endo-osseous implants.

As a plethora of graft materials have become available in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery to replace bony defects, there is an increased demand to understand different patients' preferences towards various graft materials and other contributing variables that led to their decision.To evaluate the influence of religious beliefs on the selection of different grafts used in oral and maxillofacial surgery and to deliver a better, more specific, and individualized treatment plan considering various religious backgrounds.A self-administered anonymous questionnaire with a cross-sectional design was completed by 563 of 577 participants. It was a sociodemographic questionnaire concerning the acceptance and rejection of all types of bone grafts, including intraoral autografts, extraoral autografts, allografts, porcine xenografts, bovine xenografts, and alloplasts. The data included predisposing factors such as gender, age, and religion, as well as enabling factors such as education level and employment status.The porcine xenograft (63.1%) had the highest percentage of rejection, followed by bovine xenograft (41%), allografts (13.5%), alloplasts (10.5%), extraoral autografts (6.2%), and intraoral autografts (5.7%). Xenografts were rejected due to conflicts with the participants' religious beliefs. Sociodemographic characteristics such as gender, age, education level, and employment status had no statistical influence.Xenograft selection was found to have a statistically significant relationship with religious beliefs, unlike other types of bone grafts.

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to assess the level of dental anxiety prevailing in the dental students at the Riyadh colleges of dentistry and pharmacy while carrying out anesthesia and extraction procedures and comparing the anxiety levels reported by the female and male students. Keywords: Dental anxiety; local anesthesia; Extraction;Dental students; Pre-graduate.

Spindle cell lipoma (SCL) is a benign lipomatous neoplasm typically located in the posterior neck and back of older males. It presents as a well-circumscribed mass in the buccal mucosa, tongue, floor of the mouth or hard palate. There are only two case reports of SCL in the gingiva and alveolar ridge. Here, we report a case of SCL in the mandibular mucogingival junction of a 68-year-old male. Clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings are presented. Although oral SCL is rare, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of spindle cell neoplasms occurring in the oral cavity.

Objectives: To evaluate hemodynamic changes of blood pressure and heart rate on hypertensive patients undergoing tooth extraction using various types of local anesthesia (LA). Study Design: A prospective randomized clinical trial was conducted on 45 hypertensive patients who were divided equally into 3 parallel groups according to LA received. Group 1: Lidociane 2% with epinephrine 1: 80,000. Group 2: Prilocaine 3% with Felypressin 0.03 IU/ml. Group 3: Mepivacaine 3% plain. Inclusion criteria: hypertensive patients, under medical management with blood pressure ≤ 159/99. Exclusion criteria: Blood pressure ≥160 /100 and patients receiving β blockers. Negative aspiration was mandatory before the injection of 2 cartridges of LA. Blood pressure and heart rate were evaluated by Electronic Sphygmomanometer and Pulse Oximeters in 3 different time-points; 3 minutes before LA, three minutes after LA and three minutes after extraction. Results: The mean of systolic blood pressure (SBP) had increased after LA injection, and then decreased after extraction in the 3 groups of patients. Increase of SBP after extraction with (Mepivacaine plain) was higher than (Lidociane with Epinephrine) and the difference was statistically significant using ANOVA (p=0.037). The differences in the mean heart rates and mean diastolic blood pressures in the 3 groups were not significant. Conclusions: The increase of blood pressure with Epinephrine and Felypressin is negligible. Therefore, it is safe to use 2 cartridges of Lidociane 2% with Epinephrine 1:80,000 or Prilocaine 3% with Felypressin 0.03 IU/ml for hypertensive patients whose blood pressure ≤ 159/99 provided negative aspiration is verified before injection. Key words:Local anesthesia, tooth extraction, hypertensive patients, vasoconstrictors, epinephrine, Felypressin.