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Abstract Twitter is a rich resource for analyzing the contents of social media and extracting the age groups of users can be beneficial for recommender systems, marketing and advertising. Age detection task is an aspect of demographic information of users. In this study a large-scale corpus of Arabic Twitter users including 181k user profiles with diverse age groups consisting of −18, 18–24, 25–34, 35–49, 50–64, +65 is presented. The corpus is created by four methods: (1) collecting publicly available birthday announcement tweets using the Twitter Search application programming interface, (2) augmenting data, (3) fetching verified accounts, and (4) manual annotation. To have a best age detection model on the presented corpus, different evaluations are tested to find the model with highest accuracy and efficiency. Number of tweets, regression vs. classification, using metadata of users and tweets, using LSTM+CNN model vs. BERT are some parts of examinations done. Presented methodology is based on language and metadata features and final model is fine-tuned with BERT on 70k users and evaluated on 8200 manually annotated users. We show that our best model, compared with LSTM+CNN model and BERT-based similar model yields an improvement of up to 9% in F1-score and increment of 5% in accuracy, respectively. The model achieved macro-averaged F1-score of 44 on six age groups, and F1-score of 58 on three age groups of −25, 25–34, +35. The link of our proposed data is provided here: www.github.com/exaco/ExaAUAC .

AbstractIntroduction: Due to the semiarid and arid regions of Iran, it is suffering from water scarcity and severe droughts. Khorasan Razavi province is no exception to this rule, and accordingly it is facing the lack of sufficient water resources, which need to be improved by approaches used for optimal allocation of water resources. Water pricing can be an effective tool of demand management and the optimal allocation of water resources as well the protection of water resources.Methods: Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the willingness to pay (WTP) for irrigation water for the cities of Kashmar, Kuhsorkh, Khalilabad and Bardeskan using the Heckman’s two-stage model during 2019-2020.Findings: The results demonstrated that 40 % of farmers were willing to pay more than the current tariff for access to irrigation water. Thus, the mean WTP for irrigation water was 518, 594, 606 and 569 Rials for the cities of Kashmar, Kuhsorkh, Khalilabad and Bardeskan, respectively. The results of the ordinary least squares (OLS) also showed that the farmer's income had the highest positive effect on WTP for irrigation water with a coefficient of 0.21, indicating that the higher the income of farmers consuming irrigation water, the higher the farmers’ WTP for using irrigation water in order to have easier access to water resources. However, variables, such as dependency burden and area of cultivation had a significant negative effect on WTP for irrigation water, suggesting that as the dependency burden, and area of cultivation increased, farmers was less willing to pay for the use of irrigation water. Given the importance of water for the farmers living in the study regions and their high WTP, it therefore is recommended to provide better and easier access to water resources for the farmers by transporting water from the water-rich region to water-scarce one.

Introduction: Abortion is related to local ethics and is one of the situations in which all conditions and cases should be taken into account. In this article, by examining John Dewey's opinions about Kant's contextualism and deontology, the issue of conflicts and moral duties in abortion was investigated. Material and Methods: The research method is the logical analysis of the opinions of these two thinkers. Conclusion: It seems that based on Kant's duty approach, it is not possible to provide a general rule for abortion, and this depends entirely on whether we accept the fetus as a person whose criterion is reasoning, feeling and receiving experience or not. But according to the analysis that Dewey's contextualism claims, if a general rule can be used to make the right decision for a person that results in the most virtue and action, then the general rule is also one of the conditions and environment that the person has in the issue (abortion) deals with it and makes a moral decision based on them. From Dewey's point of view, if our non-abortion is a valid reason that can be followed and we are born, we should not end any pregnancy. That is, if the fetus produces the truth that can be followed by surviving, then abortion is immoral. Therefore, in general, the duties towards the mother and the fetus are different in terms and contexts, but the duties that man has towards himself and the principle of humanity give him general principles for action

This paper addresses the issue of a road-type-adaptive control strategy aimed at enhancing suspension performance. H2 synthesis is employed for modeling road irregularities as impulses or white noise, minimizing the root mean square (RMS) of performance outputs for these specific road types. It should be noted, however, that this approach may lead to suboptimal performance when applied to other road profiles. In contrast, the H∞ controller is employed to minimize the RMS of performance outputs under worst-case road irregularities, taking a conservative stance that ensures robustness across all road profiles. To leverage the advantages of both controllers and achieve overall improved suspension performance, automatic switching between these controllers is recommended based on the identified road type. To implement this adaptive switching mechanism, manual switching is performed, gathering input–output data from the controllers. These data are subsequently employed for training an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) network. This elegant approach contributes significantly to the optimization of suspension performance. The simulation results employing this novel ANFIS-based controller demonstrate substantial performance enhancements compared to both the H2 and H∞ controllers. Notably, the ANFIS-based controller exhibits a remarkable 62% improvement in vehicle body comfort and a significant 57% enhancement in ride safety compared to passive suspension, highlighting its potential for superior suspension performance across diverse road conditions.

One of the most serious threats to many countries is water pollution caused by the use of fertilizers and chemical pesticides in agriculture. Limited research has been done in this field in Iran. Spatial dimension and disparity between provinces have not been considered. This research has been conducted in the unique Framework of Environment Kuznets Curve (EKC), to investigate the relationship between urbanization, water pollution and economic growth during the years 2011-2019 in 30 provinces of Iran. First, the stationary test of the variables was performed and then before estimating the model, diagnostic tests were used to ensure the existence of a spatial correlation relationship between the variables using the spatial panel approach. Levin, Lin, and Chou stationary tests showed that all variables were at the mana level. Moran, Jerry, and LM Lag (Robust) diagnostic tests then confirmed the existence of spatial dependence and the Spatial Durbin model. The results of estimating the Spatial Durbin model show the urban population with a coefficient of 54.07 and the square of the urban population with a coefficient of -0.004 and the overflow effects of these variables with coefficients of 0.054 and 0.000004, respectively, in the provinces of Iran. Water pollution index has a positive and negative effect, which indicates the confirmation of the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis (KEC) in the field of water pollution in the provinces of Iran. With the expansion of urbanization and economic growth, the water pollution index has increased, but when there is a certain amount exceeds, the water pollution index due to the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers in a province and adjacent provinces. It is suggested that agricultural policy makers make the use of organic fertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers mandatory to control water pollution in all provinces of Iran.

Introduction: Educational evaluation of faculty members is a continuous and multidimensional process to describe and promote the quality of various educational activities of professors. This study endeavored to investigate the educational evaluation system of professors in some universities of medical sciences in Iran. Methods: This descriptive study with the comparative method of study was conducted through George Brady model. The population includes the top five universities of medical sciences in Iran based on QS rankings, including Tehran, Tarbiat Modares, Shahid Beheshti, Shiraz, and Isfahan. The sampling method is Census. The instrument was a questionnaire extracted from the guidelines of educational quality performance of faculty that taken from the regulations for the promotion of faculty members of universities approved in the academic year 2016. Results: The important sources of information are students, colleagues, department heads, and faculty officials. Observance of discipline, scientific and educational ability, quality of teaching, interaction with students and colleagues, observance of rules and regulations are among the common axes of evaluation. Evaluation is used to change the employment status, annual promotion and promotion of professors. Evaluation feedback was provided with confidential letter to the professor. Low evaluation score hampers the Job promotion, annual promotion, change of employment status, full-time, and Medical office license. Conclusion: An evaluation system needs to cover different areas of education, research, administration, and the functional goals of the university and follow a logical order. It seems that identifying the weaknesses of university and using quantitative and qualitative evaluation alongside using different sources and comparing with the evaluation systems of other universities to review will promote the quality of evaluation of professors.

Background: Nowadays, educational management deals with many issues such as the future and its prospects, organizational changes and emerging businesses that require serious attention from management scholars and experts. Paying attention to the element of futures and futurism in educational management studies, in today's business world and its rapid changes, will greatly contribute to the dynamics and development of educational management that has been overlooked so far. Aims: The future of educational management studies was modeled by scenario modeling and global business networking model. Method: The research was qualitative. The statistical population of the study consisted of educational management thinkers and experts who simultaneously had expertise and experience in future research studies and scenario modeling. The research tool in this study was semi-structured interviews to prioritize effective proponents of future educational management studies. Data analysis was performed using Friedman test and hierarchical analysis. Results: The future of educational management studies were influenced by two main proponents of "mass media" and "cultural identity" (p= 0/027). Conclusions: Interaction of mass media and cultural identity constituted the four "evolutionary", "media", "cultural" and "alienation" scenarios, each of which represented a specific situation of the future of educational management studies.

Background & Purpose: Human resources are the most important component of any organization, including education, and its excellence has a decisive and facilitating role in the excellence of the organization. The present study aimed to identify the nature of individual excellence of teachers. Methodology: This research is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of data analysis method. Its participants consists of 19 teachers of educational sciences, managers and senior assistants in Khorasan Razavi province who were purposefully and judiciously selected. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed through the network of themes. The validity and reliability of the study were evaluated and confirmed using Goba and Lincoln (1985) methods. Findings: The nature of teachers' individual excellence was identified and combined in 47 basic themes, 13 organizing themes and 3 comprehensive themes (individual, psychological and professional capabilities). Conclusion: Developing the capabilities that constitute the individual excellence of teachers can provide suitable conditions for improving their performance. It also can facilitate the excellence of education and its rolr playing in the path of all-round development of society.

Climate change is one of the most important issues affecting different economic sectors. Although this phenomenon has had a larger effect on the agricultural sector due to the heavy dependence of agriculture on weather conditions as compared to the other economic sectors, other economic sectors such as the industry, mining and service sectors are also influenced by weather changes due to their intra-sector dependence on the agricultural sector. Accordingly, the effect of climate change on the economic growth of Iran was examined in this research using the DynamicComputable General Equilibrium (DCGE) model. Our investigation revealed that the decrease in the precipitation in the twenty-year horizon (2011 to 2030) will reduce consumption in all sectors. Moreover, while production in the agriculture and mining sectors declines, it escalates with a descending trend in the industry and service sectors. Based on our findings, as a result of the decreased investment in the other sectors, investment in the agriculture, industry, and mining sectors decreases, whereas it rises in the service sector. Given the research results and the challenge of climate change facing this country, the Iranian government must devise a master practical plan to adapt to and confront this phenomenon and reduce its adverse effects.

To help improve the quality of the state higher education system, the current study aimed at identifying and ranking the factors which affect the academic authority of universities.(A Case Study on Imam Reza International University, Peace Upon Him) This study is an applied one with respect to its aim and is a library and Delphi one concerning its quality. Applying the library method, this research identified a series of factors which affect the academic authority of universities, and then it investigated and finalized them through reaching a consensus among a group of experts. The members of this group of 15 were selected by means of snowball sampling and the priorities of the above mentioned factors were determined through analytic hierarchy process. The factors affecting the university academic authority were identified in the form of 902 primary subject matters, and after being screened and classified at various levels, they were defined in the form of 45 sub factors and each was ranked according to its level of importance. Based on the viewpoints expressed by the experts group and according to importance, the factor of educating and empowering a human capital that has self-confidence and entrepreneurial skills was ranked first in the series of factors which affect the university academic authority. The existence of a national and transnational synergistic academic network was ranked second and the factor of creating an appropriate pyramid of faculty members by employing qualified and specialized forces had the third priority.

Climate change affects agricultural production and, consequently, agricultural factors such as food security and economic well-being. In this study, by distinguishing between different aspects of climate change, the effects of four climate change assumptions, climate variability, climate change, variability and climate change on food security and economic well-being during the years of 2001-2016 were investigated and by using the cost and production information of three products of food security index in Iran (wheat, rice and potatoes), using the positive mathematical programming (PMP) method was used. The results of this study showed a sharp decrease in farm incomes and a surplus of economic welfare as well as an increase in the price of the product under the fourfold assumptions. In four assumptions examined, the average of total income 43979.4, 127241.9, 157960.1 and 272367.1 million Tomans was reduced, the price of the desired product 332.95, 343.7, 565.18, and 1160.86 one thousand Tomans was increased, and the total of economic welfare surplus decreased 927884.4, 1542416, 2016383 and 2356754 million Tomans, respectively. Reducing the effects of climate change can be achieved by changing the pattern of cultivation, using modern irrigation methods and desertification.

Background and aim: Thromboembolic events mainly occur in older age is related with high morbidity and mortality, and considerable health-care costs particularly in developing countries. Both arterial and venous thromboembolism has known risk factors such as hyperlipidemia, obesity, diabetes, cancer, major surgery, central catheter. We aimed to evaluate the occurrence of thrombotic events and related risk factors in a group of Iranian patients. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all patients (n = 99) who were complicated by thrombotic events referred to the Hematology Research Center of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences were investigated from 2015 to 2017, in Shiraz, Southern Iran. Data were collected from their medical records by a designed data gathering form. Results: The median age of the occurrence of thrombosis was 51 (IQR: 31) years. From all thrombotic events 52.5% occurred in females. Venous thrombosis was more prevalent than arterial (61.6% vs. 38.4%). Hypertension, diabetes mellitus and ischemic heart disease were the most associated disease with thrombosis. Most of the patients (79.8%) had no episodes of relapse and the occurrence of relapse had no significant relationship with thrombophilia and underlying disease. Acceptable response rate for warfarin therapy was achieved in 46.5% with 5 mg and 43.4% with 5–7.5 mg. Conclusion: Knowing the frequency and risk factors for thrombotic events lead to timely diagnosis and management of thrombosis. Atrial fibrillation and valvular rheumatic heart disease are the most common risk factors of thrombosis in our study showing prophylaxis is necessary in high-risk patients.

Textile industry wastewater in additions toxicity for organisms led to changes as decreased of water transparency and sunlight penetration and increase in chemical oxygen demand. Therefore, this study was carried out with the aim of removal of cationic red 46 dye from aqueous solution. For this purpose, the magnetic polymeric composite of graphite oxide nanoparticles (GO) and magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) in the matrix of polyacrilonitrile fiber (WPAN) at micro size by electroespining method was prepared. The XRD and SEM tests were used to determine the polymeric adsorbent characteristics. Magnetic properties of magnetic nanoparticles and polymeric adsorbent were measured at using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analysis. Batch adsorption tests were optimized using the L16 orthogonal array of Taguchi method. The effects of variables including pH, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration and contact time on the dye removal were examined and the most influential factor in the removal of dye was pH. The adsorption isotherm data were well-fitted to Freundlich isothermal model (R^2= 0.99). Furthermor, adsorption kinetics of the dye followed pseudo-second-order model. Basic on these results, the polymeric composites was effective adsorbent for dye removal with efficiency over 96% and with quick separation for dye removal from aquatic solution.

Food security and economic welfare strongly depend on agricultural production, the loss of this production can be a serious challenge for food security and economic welfare. Agricultural production is also influenced by environmental and climatic factors so that the variations of climatic parameters can trigger extensive fluctuations in agricultural production. This study classifies climate changes into four scenarios of normal climate change (scenario 1), climate change (scenario 2), climate variability (scenario 3), and concurrent climate change (scenario 4). Then, economic welfare and food security are studied in each scenario for a 20-year period. We use data on costs and production of three crops – barley, potato, and maize – as three major agronomic plants that influence food security of Iran and the technique of positive mathematical programming. The results reveal the severe loss of acreage, farmer income, and producer and consumer welfare surplus and the increase in crop prices under four scenarios. In all calculation sections, scenarios 4, 2, 3 and 1 had the greatest impact on the studied variables, respectively. In scenarios 1 to 4, average acreage is 372.76, 270.3, 374 and 270 thousand ha and farmers’ net revenue is 24238.85, 19156.21, 24304.26 and 19143.11 billion IRR, respectively. The average price of the three studied crops under the four scenarios is 99.7, 125.65, 99.54 and 125.76 billion IRR, respectively. Also, in these scenarios, consumer welfare surplus will be 12286.8, 12072.91, 12277.87 and 12070.19 billion IRR and producer welfare surplus will be 13972.3, 13652.6, 13960.5 and 13648.8 billion IRR, respectively

Wetlands play an important role in the prosperity of society in developing countries through the provision of goods and services that are used directly or indirectly, and therefore they are valuable. In this article, the value of carbon sequestration, oxygen production, water conservation and soil conservation were estimated to assess the economic losses caused by drought. the information needed to estimate the value of the production and regulation functions were obtained from Environmental protection organizations, The Forest Service, Rangeland and Watershed and previous studies, in the year of 2015. The production and regulation functions were estimated by using the market valuation method, alternative cost and shadow price. The results show that the functions of regulating gas (carbon absorption and oxygen production) are 86920, Conserving soil and water conservation is 174004/31, 1629163/63 $. and the total value of the regulatory functions of Hamoon wetland is 165/071 billion. Estimated values for Hamoon wetland ecosystems have two major applications: first, in cost-benefit analysis, gaining economic support for the protection of Hamoon wetland and can be used to determine the number of damages and destruction of wetlands caused by drought. Second, the estimated value can be used in the production of the gross domestic product.

Biomimicry studies have attracted significant attention in research and practice, leading to effective engineering solutions to develop new types of structures inspired by natural systems. The objective of this study is to employ natural structures' inherent adaptivity under changing loading conditions. Three new types of compound elements are proposed that are able to improve the structure load-bearing capacity through passive inherent adaptivity. A self-centering system, inspired by the human spine, which comprises a column pre-stressed through cables, is employed as a kinematic isolator. A similar self-centering system is applied to increase the load-bearing capacity of unreinforced masonry columns. An axially loaded element, inspired by the bamboo stem, which comprises a steel core reinforced by a series of cylindrical plates that are encased in a steel tube, is employed to control the onset of instability in long-span truss structures. Application to typical frame, masonry, and truss structures is investigated through finite element analysis. Results show that the proposed compound elements are effective to increase the structure load-bearing capacity and to reduce the response under seismic excitation owning to their inherent adaptive features.

Nanofiltration is increasingly gaining attention in many separation and treatment processes such as water softening, color removal and separation of medicines. Nanofiltration membranes are often negatively charged, displaying separation characteristics in the intermediate range between reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration. In this research, a novel nanofiltration membrane prepared with poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer and graphene oxide (GO) on amidoximated acrylic ultrafiltration membrane was investigated. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and contact angle of the water were employed to characterize the chemical and physical changes of resulting membranes. The flux and rejection of resulting membranes increased with increasing generation numbers of PAMAM for NaCl concentration. The salts rejections order of resulting membrane is CaCl2>MgSO4>NaCl>Na2SO4, which shows that resulting membranes were all positively charged NF membrane. The PAMAM/GO NF membrane is especially suitable for separating cationic solutes from others. This kind of membrane is also particularly suitable for treating acidic feed. The studied membrane possesses maximum operating pressure lower than 4 bar and excellent stability during continuous filtration at 27±2°C.

Asymmetric price transmission affects the welfare of producers and consumers leading to a decrease in the efficiency of the market system through increasing the marketing margin. That is why the analysis of the price transmission is of great importance. The current study aims to investigate simultaneously the market power of meat suppliers in retail market through a mixed model and the price transmission trend between wholesale and retail meat markets using a two-regime model. For this purpose, quarterly data for the period 1994-2013 were used. Results indicated that the exercise of market power is possible for retail suppliers through charging higher prices only for a short period in a year and such an insignificant market power induces a welfare effect of as low as 0.34%. Moreover, in the second regime with higher probability, a price increase in the wholesale level is transmitted to the retail level with a higher coefficient in a long term, which is important in terms of policy making. On the other hand, an asymmetric price transmission was observed in a medium term, short term and long term and it was found that the asymmetry is not the same in two regimes. According to the probability of regimes, there can be more severe price transmission from wholesale level to retail level in most cases.

Despite self-replenishing nature and lack of negative external effects of new energies, the energies entail higher costs than the conventional energy resources. The governments cannot afford these extra costs, and it needs to take part the public. This study examines extent of public participation in the funding of these costs. The study employed the double-bounded dichotomous choice (DBDC) contingent valuation (CV) method. We release 400 questionnaires under five corresponding prices. Two cost-related questions were asked from each participant (once twice the original price, and once half of that). The interviewees determined the extra cost they would incur, taking into account seven factors, namely: regional economy, demand for electricity, environmental considerations, diplomatic relations, safety, ethics, and the economy. The results suggest a willingness-to-pay of 46360 Rials (≈1.2USD) per month. The findings also indicate that the items including willingness to new energies, importance of environment and influence of the energies have the highest effect on the willingness of payment.

Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is the main signaling protocol of the next generation networks. The security issues of SIP-based entities (i.e. proxy servers and clients) have a direct impact on the perceived quality of experience of end users in multimedia sessions. In this paper, our focus is on the S IP flooding attacks including denial of service and distributed denial of service attacks. After classifying various types of SIP attacks based on their sources, we extract four feature sets based on the specification of its attack group, as well as the normal behavior of the SIP state machine specified in RFC 3261. We then minimize the number of derived features in each set to reduce the computational complexity of our proposed approach. This facilitates employing the engineered feature sets in embedded S IP-based devices such as cell phones and smart TVs. We evaluate the performance of the proposed feature sets in detecting SIP attack sequence. For this, we design and implement a real test-bed for SIP-based services to generate normal and attack traffics. The experimental results confirm that the engineered feature sets perform well in terms of detection accuracy and false alarm rates in classifying benign and anomaly traffic in various attack scenarios.

Objective (s): The purpose of this study was to compare quality of life among rural and urban elderly outpatients attending the Imam Sajjad Hospital of Shahryar during 2010-2011.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of a sample of 203 rural and urban elderly outpatients. HRQoL was measured using the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Data were analyzed using student t-test, ANOVA, and regression analysis in order to indicate the major quality of life determinants.Results: In a step-wise regression analysis gender, age and employment had significant effect on physical functioning. For role physical, education; for bodily pain, education, gender and living area; for general health, gender and employment; for vitality, employment; for social functioning, employment; for role emotional, living area; and for mental health, gender had a significant effect on quality of life.Conclusion: Overall the findings suggest that the urban and rural environment do not have significant effect on health-related quality of life.

Most research on performance evaluation of agriculturalcrops in Iran analyzes technical efficiency with estimationof stochastic production function. In this paper in spite of pastresearch we survey cost efficiency with panel data. Informationabout input prices, yield and production cost per hectarecollected for 28 provinces in 10 years and stochastic frontiercost function estimated with panel data in two methods,parametric stochastic frontier and partially non-parametric stochasticfrontier. The results show that according to parametersignificance and discretion of production structure parametricmethodology is more suitable than non- parametric methodology.Land rent (price) had maximum influence and chemical fertilizerprice had minimum influence on frontier production cost perhectare. Cost efficiency of wheat production in Iran is suitableand over 90 percent. Surveyed period Khuzestan province hadmaximum cost efficiency and Yazd province had minimumcost efficiency in wheat production. In whatever provincewhere efficiency is low, agricultural education and knowledgeneeded to improve further.

The purpose of this paper is a reflection on two common approaches Process Approach and Content Approach to P4C and The answer to this question that; Is it possible to Integrated approach the Philosophy for Children achieved? Accordingly, First, the approach of content and process Evaluated and Has been Reflection on the strengths and shortcomings and after Integrated approach is proposed as an alternative to existing approaches, and has been describe how this approach. one of the achievements This article is; Emphasis will philosophises Cause To form Process Approach Like What Lippman did Another Content Approach Trying to Philosophical ideas To express The story stated as it could be found in the Gaarder's work, “Sophie's world”; Consequently, should be the philosophy for children Combining both content-approach and Process Approach Knew that The content of the story with philosophical themes Their designs The community of inquiry will find.

A new method for speech enhancement based on Kullback-Leibler (K-L) divergence has been presented in this paper. First, the algorithm performs wavelet-packet transform to noisy speech and decomposes it into sub-bands; then we apply a threshold on coefficients in each sub-band to obtain enhanced speech. To determine the threshold, first the distributions of noisy speech, noise and clean speech coefficients are calculated; then a symmetric K-L divergence between the noisy speech and noise distributions is calculated. Finally a speech/noise decision is made based on the calculated distance. We conducted some tests using TI.MIT database in order to assess the performance of the proposed method and to compare it to previous speech enhancement methods. The algorithm is evaluated using the Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality measure (PESQ) and the output SNR. We obtain an improvement of up to 2.2dB on SNR and 1.2 on PESQ for the proposed method in comparison to the results of the previous wavelet based methods.

Multiple Sclerosis (M.S) is one of the prevalent diseases of the central nervous system which cause disability in young adults. This appears as neural signs in different parts and various times. The main defect is local deterioration or destruction of myelin tissue in the brain and spinal cord. Profound fatigue is one the most common symptoms of this disease. Because MS is prevalent in middle ages, so the presence of this symptom affects the life and activity of the patient In these ages people have high amount of activities and this functional disorder creates many difficulties for daily works in patient. For this reason, fatigue problem in patients, always, have caught the attention of researchers. Despite numerous studies, still the exact reason for producing fatigue have not been mentioned But several mechanisms have been discussed, such as: autoimmune mechanism of the disease, Involvement and disorder of endocrine system, involvement of central nervous system and de-synchronization of autonom system. Among these, autoimmune mechanism is considered as a main role in producing fatigue. Lack of proper knowledge regarding exact fatigue mechanism several problems in its treatment. Evaluation is the first step for controlling fatigue, which is done through various tests. Clear and proper evaluation can be obtained by these tests. After evaluation, non-drug and finally drug procedures are helpful. In non-drug treatment the focus is on: sport exercises, suitable diet program, identification and improvement of the patient psychotic disorders, energy conservation methods. Finally, the use of drugs such as Amantadine, Pemoline and Modafini is recommended for fatigue treatment.