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The research was conducted to isolate soil fungi and screen them for cellulase production using the zone of hydrolysis technique. Several fungi were isolated and characterised from soil environments of different locations using conventional microbiological methods. A total of six isolates were confirmed to be Penicillium chrysogenum, Emericella rogulosus, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, all coded as BG1, BG2, BG3, BG4, BG5 and BG6, respectively. Fungal isolate BG5 has the highest percentage of occurrence (34.30 %), followed by SBG3 (22.86 %). The isolates were screened for cellulase production using the carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) agar plate method. All the fungal isolates demonstrated cellulase production ability, with fungal isolates BG5 (18 mm) and BG3 (15 mm) having the highest diameter of zone of cellulose hydrolysis. The research reveals the potentiality of using locally isolated soil fungi for cellulase production.

Oral mucositis is a severe ailment that causes erythema, edema, and ulceration of the oral mucosa, as well as pain and oral intake restrictions. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy are the most often utilized cancer treatment options. Despite the fact that these treatments are used to improve a patient's quality of life, they are linked to a number of negative side effects. Oral mucositis is a common side effect in patients undergoing head and neck radiation therapy. While some chemotherapy-related side effects are being better managed, mucositis is becoming more common. Reducing patient risk factors, adopt proven preventative measures, and optimize supportive care practices targeted to the patients' needs and symptoms are all recommendations that can be made. In clinical practice and research, a variety of measures have been used to record the amount and severity of oral mucositis. The World Health Organization (WHO) scale is a simple, easy-to-use scale that can be used in clinical practice on a regular basis. There are multiple approaches for management of Mucositis. Cryotherapy, palifermin, and sucralfate are among the three therapies that showed statistically significant effect in avoiding or lowering the severity of mucositis according to reports. In this article we’ll be looking at Chemotherapy induced mucositis, its etiology, epidemiology, evaluation. And most importantly management.

Food safety is a significant concern of every sector of the food industry. Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 with biofilm-forming potential in commercial food premises is a possible danger to consumers’ health, especially in societies where most of the population depend on it for their daily meals. Preservation of fresh food quality being of utmost importance, new innovative means of inhibiting pathogenic microorganisms in foods are being evaluated to be effective at destroying microorganisms and preserving the physical and organoleptic properties. This study aimed to inhibit biofilm formation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by food additives; sodium citrate, sodium nitrite and cinnamaldehyde. The isolate obtained was subjected to Gram’s staining and various biochemical identifications and later confirmed by the latex agglutination test. The Escherichia coli O157:H7 was further subjected to a biofilm formation potential test on Congo red media. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted to obtain the susceptibility/resistance pattern of the isolate to the food additives. The MIC, MBC and time-kill kinetics effect was determined following CLSI 2017 guideline. The highest growth inhibition zone of 31 mm was exhibited by cinnamaldehyde, followed by sodium nitrite with 26 mm and sodium citrate with 13 mm. The MIC was determined to be 2.5 mg/ml for sodium citrate, 0.25 mg/ml for sodium nitrite and 0.125 µl/ml for cinnamaldehyde. Sodium citrate was found to be bacteriostatic between 6-8 hrs with 72.9 % reduction, sodium nitrite and cinnamaldehyde exhibit both bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects between 2-24 hrs with percentage inhibition of 65-90 % and 63-100 %, respectively. This study showed that sodium citrate, sodium nitrite and cinnamaldehyde exerted strong antimicrobial properties indicating their potential as suitable preservatives.

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Pengetahuan Terapan, Universitas Politeknik Sulaimany, selama tahun 2017. Berbagai tingkat irigasi digunakan untuk produksi tanaman okra. Rancangan Acak Lengkap digunakan untuk mengatur tata letak percobaan, dengan tiga perlakuan tingkat irigasi dan empat ulangan. Hasil pengamatan yang dilakukan adalah bobot segar tanaman, bobot kering tanaman, faktor hasil dan respons tingkat irigasi yang berbeda. Hasil tertinggi ditunjukan dari perlakuan T1 (3.17 t.ha.-1) dan yang terendah ditunjukan dari T3 (2,988 t.ha.-1). Juga, berat segar maksimum dan kering bobot tanaman terlihat pada T1 (61.40, 11.218 t.ha.-1), dan hasil terendah diperoleh pada perlakuan T3 (57,00, 8,783 t.ha.-1). Efisiensi penggunaan air dan indeks panen tertinggi diperoleh dari T3 (1,615 kg.m-3, 0,095), dan terendah diperoleh dari perlakuan T1 (1,055 kg.m- 3, 0,094). Faktor respons tanaman dan hasil dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tanaman okra memiliki respon stres air yang baik. Sebagai hasilnya, kami dapat merekomendasikan budidaya okra pada waktu itu tanpa irigasi di wilayah tersebut.

Gaining high yield of potato is very crucial for farmer and quality also has a great impact on their production. Beside the quality and yield using the amount of irrigation also important to reduce water lose. The tuber yield and quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is impacted by irrigated water. This study was carried out in two respectively season (2017 and 2018) in Halabja province of Kurdistan regional of Iraq to evaluate the impact of irrigation interval on quality and tuber yield in potato cultivars. In this study there are four irrigation intervals (3,5,7 and 9 days) used by furrow irrigation method which subjected in complete randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The potato tuber production in 3 day interval showed highest percentage also protein and starch content was recorded highest in both year of cultivation, but the abscisic acid was affected by more irrigation which in 3 day interval irrigation the rate was less than other. Also in 5 day interval irrigation the rate was acceptable because there is no significant difference in terms of tuber yield, protein and starch content if compare with 3 day interval irrigation in particular for those area faced restricted in using water irrigation.

The study aims to evaluate the interventions related to health campaigns to address the risks associated with heat stroke during Hajj. A prospective-cohort research design was followed and 1,028 participants were included in the study. Two groups were formulated, namely, cohort and control group. The demographic details, along with their knowledge regarding heat stroke, the symptoms of heat stroke and other factors were also evaluated. The results suggested a positive level of awareness and knowledge regarding heat stroke and heat exhaustion among pilgrims divided in both groups. The control group was found to be inflicted more with heat stroke and exhaustion. Thus, health campaigns can serve as an important approach to disseminate information among pilgrims to control the incidence of such diseases. Keywords: Health Campaigns, Hajj Pilgrims, Pilgrimage, Saudi Arabia, Heat Stroke

Background: Emerging evidence shows that clopidogrel is greatly affected by non-functioning alleles measured by P2Y12 or platelet reactivity units (PRU). Cardiac events during short in-hospital stays have been inconclusively suggested as the main causes of discrepancies. Objectives: Evaluate the impact of CYP2C19 allele * 2 and allele * 3 on PRU and the potential clinical consequences of such interaction. To establish a rough estimation for the safe PRU limits for short in-hospital stay following PCI. Method: A short-term experimental study was conducted with 90 patients who underwent coronary angioplasty with drug eluting stents at the Prince Sultan Cardiac Center, Buraidah. All the patients received an initial loading dose of 300 mg clopidogrel, followed by 75 mg daily. Blood samples were used for DNA extraction for cytochrome P450 (CYP) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for genotyping. PRU and inhibition rate were tested by Verifynow®. All in-hospital cardiac events were recorded until patients were discharged. Results: Genotypes 1/1, 2/2, and 1/2 were expressed by 60, 28, and two patients (67, 32, and 3%), respectively. The PRU of the female patients was significantly higher than that of the male patients was (255.6 ± 68.8 and 177.7 ± 66.6, p = 0.000, respectively). There was no significant difference in PRUs (193 ± 79 and 212 ±55.4, respectively, p = 0.349), nor inhibition (17.9 ± 18.80 and 13.88 ± 11.5, p = 0.135) in wild and resistant variants, respectively. We only reported one cardiac in-thrombosis events. Conclusion: Genotype differences may not explain variations in the PRU of patients during short-term in-hospital stays. Although it is difficult to confirm, 117–267 units may be a safe PRU range for such patients, with emphasis on attaining higher PRU values in females.

Calciphylaxis or calcific uremic arteriolopathy (CUA) is a potentially life-threatening vasculopathy involving the skin and subcutaneous tissues. It is usually associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and rarely with acute renal failure or predialysis patients. The clinical diagnosis of calcific uremic arteriolopathy relies on high index of suspicion. CUA is commonly associated with secondary hyperparathyroidism and high serum calcium and phosphate products. Moreover, using biopsy as a diagnostic tool is controversial, due to the high risk of poor wound healing and sepsis. Radiological studies usually reveal extensive calcification of branching vessels such as penile arteries, eventually leading to gangrene formation in extremities and penis. Histopathological analysis confirms the diagnosis of calcific uremic arteriolopathy and rules out the presence of malignancy. CUA is a systematic disease that involves multiple organs, and to the best of our knowledge this is the first reported case involving the penis, bladder, and eyes.

The expansion in diabetes frequency, joined with its drawn out entanglements, will extraordinarily increment in the weight of heath care. Subsequently, training on self-care of individual with diabetes and forestalling its confusions could diminish the weight of the illness later on. This examination intended to survey the impact of diabetes self-care instructive program on control of non-insulin subordinate diabetes mellitus NIDDM utilizing HgbA1c as an intermediary pointer.

Background: Due to the lack of data and studies concerning about measurement of population awareness about carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in Al Majmaah city, this study aims at determining the level of population awareness among Al Majmaah adult population in Saudi Arabia. Aims: To study the awareness of CTS among adult population in Al Majmaah city, Saudi Arabia, and to estimate the overall prevalence of CTS. In addition, to look for the relationship between CTS and chronic disease. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 386 individuals were covered, both males and females in the targeted areas. A standardized questionnaire was used to cover 11 different aspects concerning CTS. SPSS package was used to analyze the data collected from the sample. Results: The result of scoring system shows that 54 of participants (14.0%) have CTS. Approximately, 30% of them are thought that the main symptom is pain in wrist. However, 26.7% think that tingling and numbness in fingers is the main manifestation. The most causes that population think that leads to the CTS are trauma, repeated hand physical activities such as using computer, taping, and wrist fracture or dislocation by 33.8%, 29.1%, and 21.4% respectively. There is relationship between patients who had chronic diseases and CTS [sig = 0.000]. CTS cause a strong effect on social life by 79.01% of participant though that CTS could affect patient sleep and job performance. Conclusion: The awareness of community was sufficient among adult population in Al Majmaah city, and the prevalence of CTS is 14%.