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Our aim in this paper is to define more concepts that are related to primal topological space. We introduce new operators called $ \gamma $-diamond and $ \gamma^\ast $-diamond and explore their main characterizations. We provide results and examples regarding to these operators. Using these new operators, we create a weaker version of the original topology. Additionally, we present some results related to compatibility.

AbstractThis study examines the effect of pricing practices and other factors on consumers’ buying behavior in the UAE in the post-Covid-19 era. The focus is on buying from hypermarkets. Other factors such as product quality, the possibility of paying with cards, convenient hypermarket layout, near location, not-crowded hypermarkets, and the way prices are written are also investigated. The effects of factors such as gender, marital status, age, income, education, and shopping frequency were examined. A questionnaire built based on a literature review was used to collect data from 180 respondents in the UAE. Statistical methods such as the one-sample t-test, two-sample t-test, ANOVA, and correlation were utilized. R statistical tool was used for data analysis. Results showed that product quality is more important than lower prices. However, lower prices are still a key factor that determines where consumers will buy from and how much they will buy. Highly educated consumers place more importance on a well-designed hypermarket with wide aisles and not being crowded. Generally, factors other than prices are also important. Men and married people care more about prices than other respondents. For this reason, they look for good prices in distant hypermarkets. Decision-makers need to consider such factors and focus on improving customer service to increase customer loyalty. It is also essential for them to keep up with the changing preferences and needs of their customers.

AbstractDue to high competition in the fashion sector, apparel companies employ various strategies to articulate distinct marketing approaches aimed at attracting more valuable customers and increasing purchase intention among them. The current study investigates the influence of endorser credibility and brand credibility on consumer purchase intention in native apparel company brands in Pakistan. This paper also scrutinizes the mediating role of attitudes towards brand credibility and attitudes towards the brand. The sample size is 353, and data was gathered through a structured survey. For data analysis, structural equation modeling was utilized to identify the relationships among variables. The findings of this study indicate that endogenous variables (endorser credibility and brand credibility) have a significant and positive influence on the exogenous variable (consumer purchase intention). Additionally, endorser credibility and brand credibility are positively related to the mediators, namely attitudes towards brand credibility and attitudes towards the brand. The bootstrapping procedure reveals that both mediators have a favorable and significant effect on endorser credibility and brand credibility in altering consumer purchase intention. The results of the study are discussed, and suggestions for the targeted sector are provided. Such findings are particularly expected to be beneficial for the sector under study and for other sectors of the economy in general.

Background and objective: Photoplethysmography (PPG) signals provide a non-invasive method for monitoring cardiovascular health, including blood pressure levels, which are critical for the early detection and management of hypertension. This study leverages wavelet transformation and special purpose deep learning model, enhanced by signal processing and normalization, to classify blood pressure stages from PPG signals. The primary objective is to advance non-invasive hypertension monitoring, improving the accuracy and efficiency of these assessments. Methods: The study employed continuous wavelet transform (CWT) to prepare PPG signals for analysis using a special purpose PPG-NET designed by applying advanced deep-learning models. PPG-NET was verified by applying several pre-trained models, including Inception, MobileNetV2, InceptionResNetV2, and others to the PPG data. Rigorously five-fold cross-validated models were conducted to obtain the models' performance to ensure robustness and repeatability of results. Results: The PPG-NET model demonstrated superior performance, achieving a perfect accuracy of 100 % in classifying the four stages of hypertension—normal, prehypertension, stage 1, and stage 2. The evaluation metrics reported include precision, sensitivity, and specificity, with the PPG-NET model achieving 100 % across all metrics. Other models showed varying levels of accuracy, with InceptionV3 also reaching 91.5 %, while some, like VGG-19, underperformed significantly. Conclusions: Integrating CWT and PPG-NET offers a promising avenue for enhancing non-invasive blood pressure monitoring. The PPG-NET model, in particular, showed potential for clinical application due to its high accuracy and reliability. This study showed the effectiveness of combining advanced computational techniques with traditional PPG analysis, potentially leading to more personalized and accessible hypertension management strategies.

The concept of operators in topological spaces occupies a very important place. For this reason, a great deal of work and many results were presented via operators. Herein, we defined a primal local soft closure operator $ \Lambda(\cdot) $ using the concept of soft topology and soft primal and reconnoitered its basic characteristics. Then, we found several fundamental results about the behavior of the primal soft closure operator $ \lambda{(\cdot)} $ with the help of $ \Lambda(\cdot). $ Among other obtained results, we introduced a new topology induced by the primal soft closure operator. At last, we defined primal soft suitable spaces and gave some equivalent descriptions of it.

Quite recently, a new minimal structure m^\star_H has been introduced in [ ] by using a minimal structure m and a hereditary class H. In this paper, we introduce and investigate the notion of H-scattedness in a hereditary minimal space (X, m, H).

In this manuscript, aims to examine the uniqueness and existence of impulsive non-local conditions, as well as classical and mild solutions to the fractional Cauchy problem in time scales. The main results are derived by the Gronwall inequality and the Banach fixed point theorem in time scales. Eventually, we offered an example to demonstrate the suitability of the conclusions on the fractional Cauchy issue on a time scale.

It is commonly known that some topological spaces include structures that may be used to expand abstract notions. Primal structure is one such sort of structure. We provided the primal Hausdorff class of spaces, which included the class of all Hausdorff spaces. Furthermore, we provide the concepts of primal regular spaces and primal normal spaces. We present new theorems and results.

abstract: An m-structure is introduced and investigated in [7]. A hereditary class H is defined and investigated in [1]. In this paper, we introduce and investigate generalizations of regularity and normality in a hereditary m-space (X; m;H).

In this paper, we investigate some properties \ of $\theta_{g}$-continuous and weakly $g$-continuous functions in a topological spaces. Moreover, the relationships with other related functions are investigated.

Background: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is one of the most prevalent and distressing side effects of chemotherapy among patients with cancer worldwide. Despite continuing advances in antiemetic medicines, nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy remain a substantial therapeutic concern for many patients. However, P6 and Auricular acupressure (AA) have been recognized as potential therapy for managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of P6 and Auricular acupressure (AA) in reducing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting among patients with cancer. And to explore a prominent and effective evidence-based protocol for implementing acupressure to treat chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Method: This systematic review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Several databases were used to search for eligible studies using specific keywords. Only systematic reviews and clinical trials on acupressure for managing CINV among adults with cancer were included. This review covered articles published in English from 2015 to 2022. Results: A total of 14 published studies were included in this review study; 10 articles were trial studies, and the other 4 were systematic review and meta-analysis studies. The quality of 10 included clinical trials were assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) Quality Assessment Tool for quantitative studies, the overall result showed that 40% of study rated with moderate quality, no study was rated with low quality, and (60%) studies rated as high-quality study. As well as the quality assessment of all review studies showed that the majority of included systematic reviews and meta-analysis with a low risk of bias and high to moderate power of evidence. In all included studies the acupressure was utilized as a primary complementary intervention for chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting. The result of this extensive and comprehensive review the P6 and auricular acupressure is an effective complementary therapy in reducing and controlling chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting among participants with various types of cancer and receiving various types of chemotherapy. Conclusion: The successful and effective application of acupressure in managing CINV for certain types of cancer had been supported in previous literature as a safe, affordable, and non-invasive alternative to pharmaceutical medications. However, standardization guidelines regarding the use of acupressure independently or in combination with other pharmacological therapies to address CINV in various cancers require immediate attention.

Undergraduate students have identified several skills that should be developed during their college years, such as leadership. A comparative study was conducted to assess the leadership skills of undergraduate students at public universities in Jordan and the Sultanate of Oman. A descriptive method was used, and the S-LPI instrument with five dimensions was applied to the 394 participants in Hu and SQU. The results showed that the students had moderate levels of leadership skills in three dimensions, and female students had a higher degree of leadership skills related to Encouraging the heart than males. No differences in leadership skills between the students' colleges. Students with university clubs' membership have a positive effect on the leadership skills of their members, with all five dimensions being significantly improved. This suggests that students already possess some leadership skills when they enter university, and university administrators should take this into account when creating clubs and encouraging students to join them. The study results enrich the researchers look into how universities can foster an environment where students can develop networking capabilities, and how to collaborate with others in order to achieve their goals.

Aim: The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the root and root canal morphology of maxillary first premolar teeth in a Kuwaiti population using micro–computed tomography (μ- CT). Materials and methods: A total of 100 maxillary first premolars were scanned in a micro– computed tomographic device. The external anatomy (number of roots, distance from cementoenamel junction to apex, and presence of a palatal groove) and internal anatomy (number of canals and presence of apical deltas, lateral canals, and isthmi) of teeth were analyzed using descriptive analysis. Results: The number of roots was one root (57 %), two roots (41 %), and three roots (2 %). The longest and shortest roots measured 17.7 and 11.2 mm, respectively. The palatal groove was present in 63.4 % of the teeth. According to Vertucci’s classification, type IV configuration was the most prevalent (53 %), followed by type II. A new root canal configuration type (1–2–1–2–1) was detected. Apical deltas, lateral canals, and isthmi were present in 33 %, 48 %, and 21 % of teeth, respectively. Conclusion: Type IV canal configuration was the most common root canal configuration. A new root canal configuration type IX for (1–2–1–2–1) was proposed for Kuwaiti population. The μ-CT device could to be a better diagnostic tool for understanding the anatomy of the root canal system.

This study aims to prove the existence and uniqueness of the (ω,c)-periodic solution as a specific solution to Hadamard impulsive boundary value integro-differential equations with fixed lower limits. The results are proven using the Banach contraction, Schaefer’s fixed point theorem, and the Arzelà–Ascoli theorem. Furthermore, we establish the necessary conditions for a set of solutions to the explored boundary values with impulsive fractional differentials. Finally, we present two examples as applications for our results.

Acharjee et al. have created a new structure in mathematics called a primal. Therefore, the primary goal of this research was to introduce and explore more primal space features. Additionally, we studied some of the fundamental characteristics of two novel operators that we define using primal spaces. Using these new operators, we were able to create a weaker version of the original topology. Finally, we provide some examples to further illustrate our discussion of some of their characteristics.

Abstract We determined the macroscopic limit for phase synchronization of cellular clocks in an artificial tissue created by a “big chamber” microfluidic device to be about 150,000 cells or less. The dimensions of the microfluidic chamber allowed us to calculate an upper limit on the radius of a hypothesized quorum sensing signal molecule of 13.05 nm using a diffusion approximation for signal travel within the device. The use of a second microwell microfluidic device allowed the refinement of the macroscopic limit to a cell density of 2166 cells per fixed area of the device for phase synchronization. The measurement of averages over single cell trajectories in the microwell device supported a deterministic quorum sensing model identified by ensemble methods for clock phase synchronization. A strong inference framework was used to test the communication mechanism in phase synchronization of quorum sensing versus cell-to-cell contact, suggesting support for quorum sensing. Further evidence came from showing phase synchronization was density-dependent.

The present study aimed to explore the impact on working culture due to pandemic caused by Covid-19, and whether there were statistically significant sex and experience differences in Sultan Qaboos University staff perceptions. The current study used a questionnaire that applied to a sample consist of 156 staff, of whom 100 were males, and 56 were females. The results of the questionnaire indicated that staff perception the organizational culture during covid-19 pandemic with moderate level. According to sex variable, (13) items of organizational culture during covid-19 pandemic had significant differences from staff perceptions on organizational culture during covid-19 pandemic referred to male, while (3) items had no significant differences. Regarding to staff experience, five of 16 items were significantly differences according to staff experience.

In this paper, we establish the existence and uniqueness of the solution to fractional equations abstract integrodifferential equation with impulsive as [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] and we used the fixed point theorems due to Banach space. The main conclusion is obtained by using fractional calculus, operator semigroup and fixed point theorem. Finally, in support, an example is presented to validate the obtained results.

The study examines the co-movement and dynamic causality between conventional and Islamic stock indexes in Bangladesh from 20 January 2014 to 31 August 2019. This study employs multi-scales and wavelet-based techniques in examining the co-movement and causality between variables. The results reveal that the co-movement between Islamic and conventional stock indexes is very high in the long run. Furthermore, the results of this study indicate that there is a lead–lag relationship between Islamic and conventional index using wavelet-based decomposed Granger Causality methods. The results point out that the causality varies in time and scales domain properties. However, the Dhaka Stock Exchange Shariah Index (DSES) shows significant influences on DSEX and creates a bidirectional causality for the selected brand scales over the study period. The findings contribute to the existing literature by adding new evidence on the co-movement and causality linkages between Islamic and conventional stock indexes and provide one more index for gaining portfolio diversification benefits among national and international investors.

This paper introduces and explores the concept of soft ideal dense sets, utilizing soft open sets and soft local functions, to examine their fundamental characteristics under some conditions for the following notions: soft ideal hyperconnectedness, soft ideal resolvability, soft ideal irresolvability, and soft ideal semi-irresolvability in soft ideal topological spaces. Moreover, it explores the relationship between these notions if τ⊓I¯=ϕE is obtained in the soft set environment.

The purpose of this research is to examine the uniqueness and existence of the (ω,ρ)-BVP solution for a particular solution to a class of Hadamard fractional differential equations with impulsive boundary value requirements on Banach spaces. The notion of Banach contraction and Schaefer’s theorem are used to prove the study’s key findings. In addition, we offer the prerequisites for the set of solutions to the investigated boundary value with impulsive fractional differential issue to be convex. To enhance the comprehension and practical application of our findings, we offer two illustrative examples at the end of the paper to show how the results can be applied.

As informal workers struggle to survive the current crisis, there is reason to believe that more strain would also be exerted on the already fragile sector in the post-crisis era. The implications of the COVID-19 outbreak for the informal economy will continue. Faced with a long crisis, the global economy would likely shrink demand for informal goods and services. The primary goal of this paper is to study consumer behavior during the pandemic, investigate government-implemented Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for the unorganized retail sector, and determine if consumers prefer to have goods delivered to their homes rather than visit retail stores. This paper collected information from a number of Indian customers who made unorganized retail transactions in New Delhi and NCR Region. The sample was taken from 700 citizens of New Delhi, India. The study found that product variety, digital payment, scheduling, free delivery and lower speed have a significant effect on customer behavior. In addition, SOPs do not influence consumer behavior. The main reasons for choosing a specific channel are simple availability, security, less hassle, and compliance with all laws. The pandemic led to a renewed trust in the local Kirana shop, with new clients visiting metro and non-metro shops locally. The system in Kirana has changed from physical sales to digital aviation because of the pandemic.

In this paper, we introduce the notion of 𝜔-separated sets and 𝜔∗-connected spaces. We obtain several properties of the notion analogous to those of connectedness. We show that the continuous image of the 𝜔∗-connected space is connected.

The digitization of business processes has gained much scholarly and practical attention in the recent past. To understand their effectiveness, particularly in connection to organizational performance, the current study developed and tested a comprehensive framework. Through obtaining data from 350 manufacturing businesses, the study investigated using Smart PLS3 and found a significant influence of online procurement, channel management, and service delivery capabilities on organizational performance. Furthermore, the study also found the significant direct and moderating potential of technological opportunism to harness organizational performance. The study concludes that e-business processes serve as crucial resources and capabilities for businesses to achieve their goals and objectives. The study offers contributory implications for theory and practice indicating for strategic investment of e-business processes for businesses aiming to boost their performance.

This study investigates the key forms of address used amongst Jordanian university students, the impact of gender on using these forms and what accounts for the variation in their address system. By addressing the issue of normativity and heterogeneity in the use of address terms, in different social settings, the study enriches the understanding of the internal variation of the address term system. Data collected through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were analysed, based on Watts’ discursive approach to politeness and Agha’s approach of indexicality. The results revealed that the identified normative patterns represent Jordanian university politic behaviours, which index different social meanings and relations among the youth community, in relation to specific social contexts. The most frequent strategies university students use for addressing others are personal names, innovative terms, descriptive phrases, pronouns, titles, teknonyms, and religious, military, attention attractors, as well as a combination of these terms. It also seems that there are no absolute stable patterns of address term usage among the youth community, speaking Jordanian Arabic. Rather, there is an infinite society-internal heterogeneity in the address terms usage. The results also revealed that an intra-group variation signifies social struggles over the norms of address term usage and potentially normative incertitude.

Objective: To measure the efficacy of pillar implants in reducing snoring. Materials and methods: A total of 30 adult patients who underwent pillar implants were assessed preoperatively and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the implantation. Improvement was measured using snoring frequency, visual analog scale for snoring loudness, and Epworth sleepiness scale for daytime sleepiness. Results: The mean snoring frequency, loudness and Epworth score were reduced from 6.9, 9.2 and 7.4 at the baseline to 5, 5.9 and 5.6, respectively, at 12 months postoperatively (all p

By using γ-operations on an m-structure and a hereditary class H, we define the notion of γ-compactness modulo hereditary classes (or ideals) called γH-compact. We obtain several properties of γH-compact spaces and γH-compact sets relative to m-structures.

This paper examines the feasibility of using commercial out-of-the-box Reconfigurable Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technology and the OpenCL framework to create efficient Sobel edge-detection implementation, which is considered a fundamental part in the field of image and video processing. The revised proposed approach was created at a high level of abstraction and executed on high commodity Intel FPGA platform. This was performed in a manner that was designed to allow the high-level compiler/synthesis tool to manipulate a task a parallelism model. The most promising FPGA and the naive implementations were compared to their single-core CPU software equivalents while manipulating local-memory, pipelining, loop unrolling, vectorization, internal channels mechanisms and memory coalescing to provide a much more effective hardware design. The run-time and the power consumption attributes were estimated for each implementation. The proposed FPGA based implementations were found to have significantly better runtime and power consumption with approximately up to 37 folds of improvement in the whole execution/transfer time, and up to 53 folds of improvement in energy consumption when compared to a specific single-core CPU based implementation.

هدفت الدراسة إلى تعرّف درجة ممارسة أعضاء هيئة التدريس للحرية الأكاديمية وعلاقتها بمستوى الصحة التنظيمية في الجامعات الأردنية، وتقصي إذا كان هناك فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في درجة ممارسة تلك الحرية، ومستوى الصحة التنظيمية، من وجهة نظر أعضاء هيئة التدريس تعزى لمتغيرات: الجنس، والرتبة العلمية، وسنوات الخبرة، ونوع الكلية، ونوع الجامعة. وتكونت عينة الدراسة من (272) عضو هيئة تدريس في جامعات أردنية حكوميّة: اليرموك، والهاشمية، ومؤتة، وخاصة: إربد، وفيلادلفيا، والشرق الأوسط، اختيروا بالطريقة العشوائية العنقودية الطبقية؛ حيث استخدم المنهج الوصفي المسحي الارتباطي. وقد طُوِّرَت أداتان للدراسة؛ أولاهما تقيس درجة ممارسة أعضاء هيئة التدريس للحرية الأكاديمية تكوّنت من (3) مجالات و(20) فقرة، وثانيتها تقيس مستوى الصحة التنظيمية وتكونت من (10) مجالات و(30) فقرة، جرى توزيعهما بعد التأكد من صدقهما وثباتهما. وتوصلت الدراسة إلى أن درجة ممارسة أعضاء هيئة التدريس للحرية الأكاديمية ومستوى الصحة التنظيمية كان متوسطاً، وعدم وجود فروق دالة إحصائيا في درجة ممارسة أعضاء هيئة التدريس للحرية الأكاديمية ومستوى الصحة التنظيمية من وجهة نظرهم تعزى لمتغيرات: الجنس، والرتبة العلمية، وسنوات الخبرة، ونوع الكلية، ووجود فروق دالة إحصائية في درجة تقدير مستوى الصحة التنظيمية تعزى إلى متغير الجامعة في المجال السابع للمقياس (الإبداعية)، ولصالح الجامعات الخاصة، ووجود علاقة ارتباطية إيجابية بين درجة الحرية الأكاديمية ومستوى الصحة التنظيمية من وجهة نظر أعضاء هيئة التدريس. وأوصت الدراسة بعدد من التوصيات، منها: زيادة وعي أعضاء هيئة التدريس بمفهوم الحرية الأكاديمية والصحة التنظيمية من خلال عقد الندوات والمؤتمرات ووسائل الإعلام والتواصل الاجتماعي المختلفة.

Purpose – this paper investigated the development of accounting profession in Kuwait by examining the processes involved in creating, maintaining and disrupting the development of accounting profession in Kuwait.Design/methodology/approach – this paper adopted a qualitative case study to examine the institutional work associated with the development of accounting profession in the State of Kuwait. The study employed semi-structured interviews and analysis of documents to generate insights into the institutional work involved in the development of accounting profession in Kuwait.Findings – the studies revealed political, technical and cultural institutional work engaged by various actors, individually and collectively in the creation, maintenance, and disruption of the development of accounting profession in Kuwait. The British imperialists, the Asians, Egyptians, other Arabs, the state actors, professional accountants in foreign accounting firms, and local actors in the Kuwait Accounting and Auditing Association, all engaged in various institutional work in the creation and transformation of the accounting profession in Kuwait.Practical implications – this paper demonstrates how different types of institutional work influence the development of institutions. Also, it brings to the table how some forms of institutional work could be deployed to counteract others in “creating”, “maintaining”, and “disrupting” the institutions.Originality/value – the paper adds to extant literature on institutional work, in which it has been realized that “denial” of training could be construed as an institutional work, in which theorization and rhetorical appeals are used to privilege one group of actors over others; and how “political” institutional work seemed to dominate the creation, maintenance and disruption of institutions within a wider social setting in Kuwait.

The purpose of the present paper is to introduce and investigate two new classes of continuous multifunctions called upper/lower $e$-$\I$-continuous multifunctions and upper/lower $\delta\beta_I$-continuous multifunctions by using the concepts of $e$-$\I$-open sets and $\delta\beta_I$-open sets. The class of upper/lower $e$-$\I$-continuous multifunctions is contained in that of upper/lower $\delta\beta_I$-continuous multifunctions. Several characterizations and fundamental properties concerning upper/lower $e$-$\I$-continuity and upper/lower $\delta\beta_I$-continuity are obtained.

In this paper, we introduce and investigate a new class of sets called A -open sets which are weaker than co-zero sets. Moreover, we obtain characterizations and preserving theorems of quasi compact spaces.

Relevance. Researchers around the world are more interested to study and know the neurohormonal activation, and the role of the brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). High concentration of BNP that is an independent predictor of repeated cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with ACS through ST elevation Goal. Study the Dynamics of BNP concentrations in patients with ACS through ST elevation with dependency on the localization of the lesion and revascularization methods.