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Coreless axial-flux permanent-magnet (AFPM) machines have recently gained prominence as efficient power generation solutions. Eliminating the core resolves challenges such as eddy current losses and cogging torque, enhancing overall efficiency. This topology enables high power density, further amplified in fully coreless configurations. Nevertheless, the proliferation of coreless AFPM machines faces hurdles as to high leakage flux and weaker structural integrity. Additionally, adopting multi-phase setups in AFPM introduces challenges, requiring additional winding coils and enlarging the stator diameter, leading to bulkier machine designs. This article underscores the significance of a lightweight, fully coreless six-phase machine and proposes a modular, multi-stage, multi-phase design tailored for fault-tolerant small-scale power generation applications. Furthermore, it explores the impact of employing double-layer winding coils on air-gap-flux density and power output. To realize this aim, a six-phase multi-stage AFPM generator was designed and simulated using ANSYS Maxwell. Subsequently, a laboratory-scale prototype was fabricated accordingly. The simulation findings closely align with the experimental results obtained from the prototype, demonstrating the achievement of 1.3 kW power output. Notably, the six-phase machine with fully coreless concept exhibits a substantial power density of 205 W/kg. Multi-stage design boost efficiency and power density, presenting potential for small-scale applications.

Abstract Background Expanding access to equitable health insurance is an important lever towards the overall strategy for achieving universal health coverage. In Nigeria, health insurance coverage is low with a renewed government action on increasing access to and coverage of high-quality healthcare services to citizens, particularly for the vulnerable and poor population. Therefore, our study co-creates the priorities for expanding health insurance in Nigeria, focusing on key policy reforms, public advocacy, and innovative financing strategies to ensure broader and more equitable coverage for the population. Methodology We employed a Delphi approach methodology through strategic health insurance meetings with a diverse multidisciplinary panel of 125 stakeholders including representatives of accredited Health Insurance Maintenance Organizations, Heads of States Social Health Insurance Agencies, Development Partners representatives, academics, government officials, national health insurance authority expanded management team and experts in health insurance across all the states of Nigeria to recommend specific actions towards health insurance expansion and universal health coverage in Nigeria. Results The participants/panels were able to come up with a consensus on 66 priorities for health insurance expansion in Nigeria working with stakeholders within the Nigerian health insurance ecosystem across the 36 states and Nigeria’s FCT. From these priorities, seven priority areas and 17 themes were derived that should be considered by the government, policymakers, regulators, and practitioners to deepen health insurance penetration in Nigeria. These seven priority areas that have been identified include enrolment, equity, organizational health and structure, data and technology, quality, market efficiency, and citizen engagement. Conclusion The priorities identified for health insurance expansion in Nigeria will go a long way in shaping health insurance. We hope that government, policymakers, regulators, and practitioners in the health ecosystem will use these social policy actions to set priorities for increasing health insurance coverage and address inadequacies to accelerate the drive towards the attainment of UHC by 2030.

This study aims to explore the potential utilization of zakāh funds to meet certain developmental objectives of the state, thereby releasing its available financial resources to reduce state indebtedness. The significance of this research lies in the fact that the indirect role that zakāh can perform in reducing the state’s debt burden has not received much attention and needs further analysis to formulate a mechanism on how zakāh can play an effective role in indirectly supporting the state in reducing its indebtedness. The study employs a descriptive-analytical method to explain the reality of zakāh and assess its use as an indirect tool in reducing the state’s debt burden, drawing on classical jurisprudential sources and contemporary economic studies. The findings indicate that the state cannot be classified among those incapable of settling their debts, as the eligible recipients in this category are individuals. However, the study suggests including infrastructure projects and military spending under the categories of spending in the cause of Allah and on stranded travellers. This approach could alleviate the state's burden in these areas and free up financial resources to reduce indebtedness.

Introduction: The effects of hydroxyapatite (HA) on oral bacteria and biofilm remains inconclusive, with conflicting results. Studies assessing its effect against caries-causing bacteria are limited. Objective: This study aimed to explore the antibacterial activity of HA synthesized using microwave against two of the most common cariogenic bacteria, Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Streptococcus sobrinus (S. sobrinus). Methods: HA was chemically synthesized using a microwave. To verify the existence of the crystalline phase and the calcium and phosphate content, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis were employed, respectively. Reduction in bacterial growth was used to assess the antibacterial effects of 10 %, 20 %, and 30 % HA against the tested bacteria. Results: The presence of the hydroxyapatite crystallite phase was verified using XRD, while EDX revealed the Calcium to Phosphorus (Ca/P) ratio to be 1.6. In response to the 10 %, 20 %, and 30 % HA, S. mutans were reduced by 14.5 %, 15.6 %, and 23.4 %, whereas S. sobrinus decreased by 17.1 %, 60.8 %, and 98.6 %, respectively. Conclusion: Microwave-synthesized HA could have antibacterial properties against caries-causing bacteria with different potencies depending on concentration and bacteria.

Cascading rotor and stator in axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) machine is a beneficial concept to increase the power density without increasing the diameter of the machine. Multi-stage AFPM can provide higher torque capability in applications requiring high power density. In this regard single-stator double- rotor (SSDR) and double-stator single-rotor (DSSR) are efficient machines compared to single -stage AFPM. Since SSDR and DSSR are also considered modular units to make multi-stage AFPM, like single-stage AFPM, this paper makes a comparison with analysis between SSDR and DSSR AFPM machines. Based on 3-D finite element analysis (FEA), the air-gap magnetic flux, voltage, current, torque, torque ripple, power and power density, efficiency are comparatively investigated to evaluate their performance. Results show that fully coreless topology only be achieved in SSDR AFPM machine with a higher power density. Finally, a prototype multi-stage coreless generator has been developed using a single stator double rotor (SSDR) configuration to justify the fully coreless concept. This prototype coreless generator eliminates eddy current losses and reduces weight, making it a suitable option for certain portable applications.

Background and objectives: For centuries, plant seed extracts have been widely used and valued for their benefits. They have been used in food, perfumes, aromatherapy, and traditional medicine. These natural products are renowned for their therapeutic properties and are commonly used in medicinal treatments. Their significant pharmacological profiles provide an excellent hallmark for the prevention or treatment of various diseases. In this study, we comprehensively evaluated the biological and pharmacological properties of nutmeg seeds and explored their efficacy in treating various illnesses. Method: Published articles in databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, Elsevier, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Wiley, were analyzed using keywords related to nutmeg seed. The searched keywords were chemical compounds, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antidiabetic, anticancer properties, and their protective mechanisms in cardiovascular and Alzheimer’s diseases. Results & discussion: Nutmeg seeds have been reported to have potent antimicrobial properties against a wide range of various bacteria and fungi, thus showing potential for combating microbial infections and promoting overall health. Furthermore, nutmeg extract effectively reduces oxidative stress and inflammation by improving the body’s natural antioxidant defense mechanism. Nutmeg affected lipid peroxidation, reduced lipid oxidation, reduced low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and increased phospholipid and cholesterol excretion. In addition, nutmeg extract improves the modulation of cardiac metabolism, accelerates cardiac conductivity and ventricular contractility, and prevents cell apoptosis. This study elucidated the psychotropic, narcotic, antidepressant, and anxiogenic effects of nutmeg seeds and their potential as a pharmaceutical medicine. Notably, despite its sedative and toxic properties, nutmeg ingestion alone did not cause death or life-threatening effects within the dosage range of 20–80 g powder. However, chemical analysis of nutmeg extracts identified over 50 compounds, including flavonoids, alkaloids, and polyphenolic compounds, which exhibit antioxidant properties and can be used as phytomedicines. Moreover, the exceptional pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of nutmeg have been found different for different administration routes, yet, more clinical trials are still needed. Conclusion: Understanding the chemical composition and pharmacological properties of nutmeg holds promise for novel drug discovery and therapeutic advancements. Nutmeg seed offers therapeutic and novel drug prospects that can revolutionize medicine. By delving into their pharmacological properties, we can uncover the vast potential possibilities of this natural wonder.

Since the beginning of the Covid-19 infections in December 2019, the virus has emerged as the most lethally contagious in world history. In this study, the Hopfield neural network and logic mining technique merged to extract data from a model to provide insight into the link between factors influencing the Covid-19 datasets. The suggested technique uses a 3-satisfiability-based reverse analysis (3SATRA) and a hybridized Hopfield neural network to identify the relationships relating to the variables in a set of Covid-19 data. The list of data is to identify the relationships between the key characteristics that lead to a more prolonged time of death of the patients. The learning phase of the hybridized 3-satisfiability (3SAT) Hopfield neural network and the reverse analysis (RA) method has been optimized using a new method of fuzzy logic and two metaheuristic algorithms: Genetic and harmony search algorithms. The performance assessment metrics, such as energy analysis, error analysis, computational time, and accuracy, were computed at the end of the algorithms. The multiple performance metrics demonstrated that the 3SATRA with the fuzzy logic metaheuristic algorithm model outperforms other logic mining models. Furthermore, the experimental findings have demonstrated that the best-induced logic identifies important variables to detect critical patients that need more attention. In conclusion, the results validate the efficiency of the suggested approach, which occurs from the fact that the new version has a positive effect.

This service activity aims to increase young voters' knowledge, awareness, and participation in Kampung Singkir Darat, Negeri Kedah, Malaysia, about their rights and obligations in general elections through political education. The method of implementing this service uses counselling, which includes planning, implementation, and monitoring with partners Universiti Utara Malaysia. The instrument for evaluating this activity is a questionnaire, which is then analyzed descriptively. This service showed that young voters' knowledge, awareness, and participation in Kampung Singkir Darat, Negeri Kedah, Malaysia, increased their rights and obligations in general elections. This activity can increase community participation among those aged 18-21 years so that smart and quality elections can be carried out.

Introduction: Natural disasters cause resource destruction and social threats. The synergy of important institutions is facing impact. Indonesia is prone to natural disasters due to volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, etc. Climate change and urbanization are exacerbating the situation. Effective law is needed, including institutional synergy, for disaster mitigation and prosecution. Purposes of the Research: To gain a deeper understanding of inter-agency synergies in dealing with natural disasters in Indonesia, as well as to contribute to the development of a better and more effective legal framework for mitigating and overcoming natural disasters. Implementation of a more solid and coordinated legal framework is expected to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of natural disaster mitigation and prosecution efforts. Methods of the Research: This study uses a qualitative normative research method with a statutory approach. The collection of legal materials involves laws, government regulations, regional regulations, government policies, court decisions, as well as legal literature such as articles, journals and books. The analysis is carried out by identifying and selecting relevant regulations, categorizing issues related to institutional roles, resources, and responsibilities. Results of the Research: Synergy between agencies is the main key in a rapid and coordinated response to natural disasters. Several related institutions have been assigned to deal with disasters, but the implementation of existing laws and regulations needs to be evaluated and improved. In facing this challenge, the Ius Constituendum concept can be applied to strengthen inter-agency synergies related to natural disaster mitigation and prosecution. In implementing the Ius Constituendum concept, the involvement of all stakeholders and an intensive dialogue process are very important to ensure that the laws and regulations that are implemented are in accordance with the needs and conditions that are developing. By formulating and implementing the Ius Constituendum concept correctly, inter-agency synergy in managing natural disasters in Indonesia can be increased.

Abstract Objectives To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the academic and clinical processes of pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) fellowship training held by the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties (SCHS). Methods A cross-sectional, nationwide, survey-based study was conducted between June and December 2020. PEM program directors as well as fellowship trainees were eligible. The collected data were under the following domains: (1) sociodemographic and work-related characteristics; (2) impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patient flow and PEM procedures; (3) impact on emergency skills and competence; (4) impact on academic performance; and (5) attitudes toward PEM practice and potential solutions. Monthly reports of PEM visits and procedures were also collected from program directors. Results A total of 11 PEM program directors and 42 fellows responded. During the pandemic, the number of total ED visits decreased by 70.1%, ED inpatient admissions fell by 57.3%, and the number of intraosseous need insertion and lumbar puncture procedures fell by 76.7% and 62.3%, respectively; the temporal differences in the median frequencies were statistically significant. The pandemic has influenced the knowledge acquisition and leadership skills of one-third of program directors (36.4% and 27.3%, respectively) and the skills and competence of fellows (31.0%). The majority of directors and fellows showed that online classes/webinars were useful (100% and 95.2%, respectively), and there was no need to extend the current fellowship training to compensate for learning deficits (62.7% and 78.6%, respectively). The importance of dedicated modalities to fill in the training gap increased by 62.5% of program directors and 35.7% of fellows. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic had significant effects on clinical procedures and academic activities in the PEM fellowship program. The impact was consistently perceived across PEM program directors and fellows. Technology-driven solutions are warranted to mitigate the expected learning and clinical deficits due to reduced clinical exposure.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation that can potentially impact any body part. Lymphopenia, abnormal low lymphocyte numbers, are frequently observed in individuals with active SLE. This short review examines the correlation between lymphopenia and SLE. Databases of Scopus, PubMed, Elsevier, Wiley, and Google Scholar were searched for related publicationS. The results showed that lymphopenia is correlated with disease severity in SLE patients. The underlying mechanism is unclear, but it may be due to increased apoptosis of lymphocytes and the autoantibodies production that target lymphocyte surface receptors. Various therapies, including immunosuppressive, corticosteroids, and antiangiogenic agents, have been used for SLE management. However, their efficacy is varied in SLE patients with lymphopenia. These therapies may improve lymphocyte counts and disease vigorousity. Lymphopenia has been found to be linked with several factors in SLE patients, including lupus nephritis, higher steroid doses, cyclophosphamide uses and complement depletion. In SLE, abnormal angiogenesis has been linked to the disease pathogenesis. Thus, angiogenesis therapy for SLE selectively targeted the process of abnormal blood vessel growth that is associated with SLE. In summary, lymphopenia may serve as an indicator of disease severity, however, further studies are required to explore the efficacy of targeted and non-targeted therapies in managing SLE patients with lymphopenia.

Abstract Background Diabetes mellitus is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally. Although synthetic hypoglycemic agents are commonly used to manage this disorder, such medications, besides being unable to cure the disease, are expensive and associated with side effects. Conversely, medicinal plants have emerged as effective, safe and affordable alternative treatments. Boswellia dalzielii plant has been reported to possess ethnomedicinal properties for the treatment of various health conditions; however, scientific studies exploring this plant as antihyperglycemic agent are still limited. Thus, this study evaluated the antihyperglycemic activity of aqueous stem bark extract (ASBE) of B. dalzielii in alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar albino rats. Methods Phytochemical screening of the ASBE of B. dalzielii was conducted. Twenty male Wistar albino rats weighing 100–150 g divided into 4 groups (A–D) of five rats were used for the study. Group A served as the normal control and received neither ASBE of B. dalzielii nor glibenclamide. The treatment for the other three groups was as follows: Group B, 10 mg/kg of glibenclamide (diabetic control); Group C, 500 mg/kg ASBE of B. dalzielii; and Group D, 1000 mg/kg ASBE of B. dalzielii. Treatments were administered orally every 24 h for a period of 2 weeks. Blood glucose level and body weight were evaluated at weeks 0, 1 and 2. Histomorphological features of the rats’ pancreas in all the groups were compared. Results The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, carbohydrates, steroids and triterpenes. The two different doses of the plant extract significantly reduced blood glucose level at weeks 1 and 2 (all p

Brassicaceae are known to contain compounds that are biofumigants. This study aimed to determine the effect of Brassicaceae waste application on soil nematode community. Broccoli leaves and stems (Brassica oleracea var. italic), cabbage leaves and stems (B. oleracea var. capitate), kailan stems (B. oleracea var. alboglabra), radish leaves (Raphanus sativus), and leaves of kamanilan weed (Rorippa indica) were tested in this study. The total glucosinolate content of Brassicaceae waste was estimated using the palladium method with a modified spectrophotometer. The experiment was carried out in polybags containing 500 grams of soil-infested nematodes. Brassicaceae waste (15 grams/polybag) was chopped and mixed into the soil, watered, and polybags were tightly closed for 14 days. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with nine treatments and five replications. The results of the total glucosinolate analysis showed that broccoli, radish, and kamanilan leaves fall into the high category (144.7-185.2 µmol/g); cabbage leaves, cabbage stems, and kailan stems fall into the medium category (52.0-56.0 µmol/g); and broccoli stems fall into the low category (35.4 µmol/g). There was no correlation between total glucosinolate contents and their effect on suppressing soil nematode communities at the applied effluent dose. The population of bacterivorous nematodes increased in each waste treatment, especially in kamanilan leaf treatment (R. indica) which reached 13,008 individuals. These results indicate that kamanilan weed has good potential to improve soil health. The treatment of Brassicaceae waste against soil nematode communities showed a low diversity index, an uneven evenness index, and a high dominance index.

Abstract In recent years, coreless axial‐flux permanent‐magnet (AFPM) machines have been gaining attention. Being coreless, these machines do not experience eddy current (hence hysteresis losses) and has lower cogging torque leading to higher efficiency. However, limitations such as high leakage flux and weak mechanical structure impede its wide application. The results of a systematic review on coreless AFPM machine research is presented, wherein a total of 123 studies have been selected through the Preferred Reported Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) protocol. About 55% of the articles have been published between 2017 and 2021, indicating recent attention of the researchers on coreless AFPM machines. More than 70% (87 out of 123) of the records have been published by IEEE, which proves the quality and acceptance of the studies. In two‐thirds (77 out of 123) of the studies, single‐stator double‐rotor has been adopted as the machine topology, and in 71.8% (84 out of 123) cases, trapezoidal shape magnets have been used in conventional array. The key research areas on coreless AFPM identified through this review are to produce an efficient design for multiphase and multi‐stage topology and develop lightweight rotor and stator structures.

Abstract Introduction The use of endoscopic sinus surgery in the field of otorhinolaryngology is due to many reasons such as better visualization, the complex anatomy of the skull base and the relations between vital vascular and nervous elements, the crucial preoperative knowledge about the detailed anatomy of the area, and the computed tomography that is a useful tool for them to plan the safest route of surgery. The foramen rotundum (FR) is the inherent bony structure in the skull base located in the greater wing of the sphenoid bone on the floor of the middle cranial fossa, located adjacent to the nasopharynx, and often invaded by nasopharyngeal cancer and other malignant brain tumors. The This study aims to give a detailed description of anatomical variations of FR, as well as its relationships with the surrounding vital structures, to instruct a preoperative planning for endoscopic surgery. Methods The distances between the foramen rotundum and fixed anatomical landmarks like the nasal floor and pterygoid process were measured in 200 foramen rotunda of 100 patients older than 18 years old and without known skull base pathology. The patients included in this study were demonstrated and evaluated separately using a multislice computed tomography (CT) technique with DICOM viewing software (Osirix or Horos). Results The average horizontal distance between the FR and vidian canal (VC) on each side, vertical distance between FR and VC on each side, direct distance between the FR and VC on each side, FR diameter, rotundum angles, FRs and nasal floor angles, and FR and optic nerve distances calculated has no significant difference. The P values were 0.471, 0.521, 0.072, 0.283, 0.952, 0.661, and 0.663, respectively. The gender comparison in the present study showed no significant distances on both the right and left sides. The P values 0.765, 0.879, 0.621, 0.297, 0.992, and 0.227 were direct, horizontal, and direct distances, respectively. Conclusions This study provides more light on the anatomy of the foramen rotundum with the other anatomical/surgical key structures used in endonasal surgeries such as the lateral pterygoid plate and vidian canal.

Since the breakdown of the COVID-19, tertiary education in Malaysia is still using online classes. Returning to normal study routines might have some positive effects or opposite and causes anxiety for other students as with class reentry. Therefore, this study is evaluating the depression, anxiety, and stress in reentry classes of university students post covid-19 from all over Malaysia. Observational study was conducted using online questionnaire that was developed by adapting the Patient Health questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), and Perceived stress scale (PSS). The results show higher levels of anxiety and perceived stress among Malaysian university students towards class reentry which causes moderate depression. The findings revealed a significant correlation between depression, anxiety, and perceived stress. Thus, policies should be implemented by educational institutions and instructors to help understand the students’ mental strain and deal with future pandemic to overcome students’ anxiety and emotional distress.

In this research, we obtain the sufficient conditions that guarantee that the set of solutions for an impulsive fractional differential inclusion involving a w-weighted ψ-Hilfer fractional derivative, D0,tσ,v,ψ,w,of order μ∈(1,2), in infinite dimensional Banach spaces that are not empty and compact. We demonstrate the exact relation between a differential equation involving D0,tσ,v,ψ,w of order μ ∈(1,2) in the presence of non-instantaneous impulses and its corresponding fractional integral equation. Then, we derive the formula for the solution for the considered problem. The desired results are achieved using the properties of the w-weighted ψ-Hilfer fractional derivative and appropriate fixed-point theorems for multivalued functions. Since the operator D0,tσ,v,ψ,w includes many types of well-known fractional differential operators, our results generalize several results recently published in the literature. We give an example that illustrates and supports our theoretical results.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus strain. Anxiety, anticipation, and lack of knowledge in the previous experience on severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and influenza A virus subtype H1N1 (H1N1) pandemic have a substantial impact on significant public health behaviours including wearing face mask in public spaces. We investigate the prevalence of face mask usage and its associated factors during COVID-19 amongst students and staff of the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (FMHS), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM). Using a cross-sectional study, 220 respondents participated in an electronic version of a self-administered questionnaire. Analyses were performed using the Chi-square test, IBM SPSS Statistics 25, with statistical significance at p

Tanaman famili Brassicaceae diketahui mengandung glukosinolat yang dapat terhidrolisis menjadi senyawa yang bersifat biofumigan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji pengaruh biofumigasi limbah tanaman Brassicaceae terhadap dinamika populasi nematoda tanah. Percobaan rumah kaca dilakukan pada empat jenis limbah tanaman Brassicaceae, yaitu limbah daun lobak (Raphanus sativus), brokoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica), kubis (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), dan seluruh bagian gulma kamanilan (Roripa indica) dalam pot berisi 5 L tanah terinfestasi nematoda. Limbah tanaman dicacah berukuran ±1 cm, sebanyak 117 g per pot dicampurkan dalam tanah terinfestasi nematoda, disiram air hingga basah, dan ditutup rapat untuk proses biofumigasi selama 14 hari. Pot dibiarkan terbuka selama 3-5 hari, ditanami bibit mentimun varietas Roberto 92 berumur 7 hari, dan dipelihara di rumah kaca hingga 8 minggu setelah tanam. Pengamatan jenis dan populasi nematoda tanah dilakukan tiga kali, yaitu sebelum perlakuan, setelah perlakuan, dan 8 minggu setelah tanam. Percobaan ini disusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap dengan 6 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan nematoda free-living (nematoda bakteriovora dan nematoda fungivora) pada seluruh perlakuan limbah tanaman Brassicaceae. Sebaliknya, terjadi penurunan populasi fitonematoda secara nyata pada perlakuan limbah daun brokoli. Semua jenis limbah tanaman Brassicaceae dapat menekan populasi fitonematoda Helicotylenchus sp., Rotylenchulus sp., dan Xiphinema sp., secara nyata. Limbah daun brokoli menunjukkan nilai penghambatan tertinggi terhadap seluruh genus fitonematoda dengan penghambatan mencapai 100%.

Food beliefs and taboos about certain foods influence the use and consumption of food in the household. Today, especially in rural areas, some people believe certain foods affect health. This practice has resulted in the non-optimized intake of some food categories. As a result, it is not easy to diversify the types of food for daily diet. This study aims to investigate the beliefs and convictions of rural communities in Kedah regarding certain foods that may influence health. This study also identified the pattern of food intake among residents in rural areas of Kedah State following the belief that some foods can affect health. This study focuses on the rural areas of Kedah State, which include Kubang Pasu, Baling, Pendang, Alor Setar, and Kuala Muda districts. A total of 225 farmers in the rural areas of the selected districts were selected using stratified random sampling. The data were analyzed using SPSS 25 and food intake results. The results of the study show that low-income residents in rural areas of Kedah believe that some foods have an impact on health. A total of 37.11% believe that coffee, carbonated drinks, fresh milk, and low-fat milk cause headaches, stomach aches, heartburn, and nausea, followed by 18.66% who admit that spicy foods such as mutton, beef, and durian cause headaches, high blood pressure and skin problems. The impact of the food taboo has resulted in an overall food consumption rate below 29.9 in households of low-income residents in rural areas in Kedah State. The study's findings suggest that the Malaysian Ministry of Health should develop nutrition and health awareness programs and activities for the rural population. At the same time, there is a need for a comprehensive restructuring of the curriculum and syllabus by addressing the need for healthy eating as early as primary school so that nutrition and health awareness can be embedded in early childhood education.

This paper presents an analysis of a cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) quarter-wavelength monopole antenna performance when mounted on full glass roof. Antenna gain measurements performed on a full glass roof exhibited a performance degradation in a linear average gain (LAG) of 8 dB compared to when the same antenna is mounted on a metallic ground plane. In addition, the antenna radiation pattern on the glass roof had deep nulls. Due to a lack of information about the electrical material properties and architecture of the full glass roof sample from the glass supplier for proprietary reasons, a series of gain measurements were performed for the C-V2X monopole when mounted on different glass material samples. The measurement findings suggested the existence of a metal layer in the glass roof sample. Based on this information, the antenna was simulated using a full-wave, three-dimensional electromagnetic field solver on the full glass sample with a low-emissivity (low-E) coating on the edges of the full glass roof. The simulation results showed acceptable agreement with the measurements. A practical solution is suggested to improve the C-V2X antenna performance on the full glass roof. Specific absorption ratio (SAR) analysis is conducted for the passengers in the front and rear seats due to the passenger radiation exposure from the C-V2X monopole antenna mounted on the glass roof. The SAR study showed that the effect of the roof-top C-V2X monopole antenna radiation on the passengers is negligible.

One of a company's most important intangible assets is its human capital. Because a company’ssuccess or failure depends on how well its few physical resources are exploited by its human resources, a company’s failure to account for human resources and the changes that occur inside may present a misleading image of its performance. due to inconsistent in the literature, the study examine the relationship between human resource accounting and financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. The study used ex-postfacto research design as it entails the use of annual reports and accounts of listed Deposit Money Banks in the Nigerian Exchange Group. Secondary data were sourced from the banks’ financial report for the period of seven (7) years from 2015 to 2021. The dependent variable is Return on Assetsuse as a proxy of profitability, the independent variables are: Staff Cost, Directors’ Remunerations use as the proxy of human resource accounting. The study control for age and size.The descriptive statistics, correlation and regression statistical method of analysis are employedto test the nature, relationship and effect among the variables using Statistical Software (STATA v14). The result shows that HRA has significant effect on the financial performance of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. Thus, upon recommendation, workers should be retain to avoidunemployment, and company management should endeavor to send workers on training and development to accommodate the structural changes.

Abstract Background Diabetes is a major public health problem with increasing prevalence globally. Plant-based medicines for diabetes are gaining popularity across the world due to perceptions of efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness. The plant, Parinari macrophylla, has been widely reported to possess potent ethnomedicinal properties especially in the northern part of Nigeria. However, there has been no scientific documentation of this plant to be used as an antidiabetic agent. The objective of this study was to investigate the antidiabetic effect of aqueous stem bark extract of P. macrophylla in alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Phytochemical screening and acute toxicity studies were conducted. Wistar rats weighing between 100 and 150 g were used for the study and diabetes was induced using alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. The animals were treated with different doses of aqueous stem bark extract of P. macrophylla (1000 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg) for 2 weeks. Blood glucose levels and body weight were then monitored. Histopathological investigation of pancreatic tissue was also conducted. Results The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, cardiac glycosides, carbohydrates, steroids, and triterpenes as secondary metabolites. The acute toxicity test revealed no mortality with a median lethal dose determined to be above 5000 mg/kg. Although the two different doses of aqueous stem bark extract of P. macrophylla decreased blood glucose levels at weeks 1 and 2, a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) was only observed for the group treated with 2000 mg/kg dose compared to the diabetic control group at week 2. The histological investigation revealed that the two different doses of aqueous stem bark extract of P. macrophylla caused regeneration of pancreatic islet cells, with the 2000 mg/kg dose being more evident. Conclusion This study suggests that the stem bark extract of P. macrophylla possesses a potent antidiabetic effect and may potentially be used to treat diabetes and associated complications. Graphical Abstract

Metaheuristic optimization is considered one of the most efficient and powerful techniques of recent decades as it can deal effectively with complex optimization problems. The performance of the optimization technique relies on two main components: exploration and exploitation. Unfortunately, the performance is limited by a weakness in one of the components. This study aims to tackle the issue with the exploration of the existing jellyfish search optimizer (JSO) by introducing a hybrid jellyfish search and particle swarm optimization (HJSPSO). HJSPSO is mainly based on a JSO structure, but the following ocean current movement operator is replaced with PSO to benefit from its exploration capability. The search process alternates between PSO and JSO operators through a time control mechanism. Furthermore, nonlinear and time-varying inertia weight, cognitive, and social coefficients are added to the PSO and JSO operators to balance between exploration and exploitation. Sixty benchmark test functions, including 10 CEC-C06 2019 large-scale benchmark test functions with various dimensions, are used to showcase the optimization performance. Then, the traveling salesman problem (TSP) is used to validate the performance of HJSPSO for a nonconvex optimization problem. Results demonstrate that compared to existing JSO and PSO techniques, HJSPSO contributes in terms of exploration and exploitation improvements, where it outperforms other well-known metaheuristic optimization techniques that include a hybrid algorithm. In this case, HJSPSO secures the first rank in classical and large-scale benchmark test functions by achieving the highest hit rates of 64% and 30%, respectively. Moreover, HJSPSO demonstrates good applicability in solving an exemplar TSP after attaining the shortest distance with the lowest mean and best fitness at 37.87 and 36.12, respectively. Overall, HJSPSO shows superior performance in solving most benchmark test functions compared to other optimization techniques, including JSO and PSO. As a conclusion, HJSPSO is a robust technique that can be applied to solve most optimization problems with a promising solution.

Glaucoma is a chronic eye disease that may lead to permanent vision loss if it is not diagnosed and treated at an early stage. The disease originates from an irregular behavior in the drainage flow of the eye that eventually leads to an increase in intraocular pressure, which in the severe stage of the disease deteriorates the optic nerve head and leads to vision loss. Medical follow-ups to observe the retinal area are needed periodically by ophthalmologists, who require an extensive degree of skill and experience to interpret the results appropriately. To improve on this issue, algorithms based on deep learning techniques have been designed to screen and diagnose glaucoma based on retinal fundus image input and to analyze images of the optic nerve and retinal structures. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to provide a systematic analysis of 52 state-of-the-art relevant studies on the screening and diagnosis of glaucoma, which include a particular dataset used in the development of the algorithms, performance metrics, and modalities employed in each article. Furthermore, this review analyzes and evaluates the used methods and compares their strengths and weaknesses in an organized manner. It also explored a wide range of diagnostic procedures, such as image pre-processing, localization, classification, and segmentation. In conclusion, automated glaucoma diagnosis has shown considerable promise when deep learning algorithms are applied. Such algorithms could increase the accuracy and efficiency of glaucoma diagnosis in a better and faster manner.

The membrane water content of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is the most important feature required for water management of the PEMFC system. Any improper management of water in the fuel cell may lead to system faults. Among various faults, flooding and drying faults are the most frequent in the PEMFC systems. This paper presents a new dynamic semi-empirical model which requires only the load current and temperature of the PEMFC system as the input while providing output voltage and membrane water content as its major outputs. Unlike other PEMFC systems, the proposed dynamic model calculates the internal partial pressure of oxygen and hydrogen rather than using special internal sensors. Moreover, the membrane water content and internal resistances of PEMFC are modelled by incorporating the load current condition and temperature of the PEMFC system. The model parameters have been extracted by using a quantum lightening search algorithm as an optimization technique, and the performance is validated with experimental data obtained from the NEXA 1.2 kW PEMFC system. To further demonstrate the capability of the model in fault detection, the variation in membrane water content has been studied via the simulation. The proposed model could be efficiently used in prognostic and diagnosis systems of PEMFC fault.

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk menyediakan layanan dalam bentuk aplikasi untuk melakukan kegiatan Database Manipulation Language (DML) yang diterapkan dalam bentuk cloud computing . Sebanyak tiga buah computer dimanfaatkan untuk memberikan layanan pemrosesan dan penyimpanan database tanpa menggunakan perintah yang ada pada Structure Query Language (SQL) dan satu buah computer digunakan sebagai server yang melayani pengguna untuk melakukan kegiatan DML tanpa menggunakan perintah SQL . Dengan menggunakan teknologi cloud pengelolaan database berbasis SQL yang biasanya menggunakan perintah berbasis command line dapat dilakukan dengan cara yang lebih mudah. Layanan yang diberikan oleh cloud untuk mengelola database berbasis SQL khususnya fungsi DML. Hasil dari implementasi layanan pada jaringan internet, Wireless lan, dan LAN dapat berjalan dengan baik dengan kasus pengujian fungsi pada ketiga media jaringan tersebut. Dengan demikian para pengguna yang sama sekali tidak mengerti bahasa SQL dapat menggunakan layanan ini dengan mudah untuk mengolah database SQL secara mandiri.

Water is an issue, of the most complex issues and problems faced by the relations Turkish-Arab, and the precise relationship with Iraq and Syria, which are also common issues between these countries, however, as well as cooperation in this case was weak, and the position of weakness which comes from the non-recognition of any party other rights, Turkey I thought from the beginning that the current in the Tigris and Euphrates water is a Turkish waters because they stem from Turkish soil, and therefore it is not legally bound to give a fixed quota for countries riparian with them at the time interested in estimating need two of the waters of the Tigris and the Euphrates, and it's It is committed to international laws which provide that no harm others, so it is ready to deal with Iraq and Syria to provide them with water provided it does not contradict the interests of the country and in the establishment of economic and development projects, and for this we find it handled this issue in a roundabout way, in contrast, the two tried to political particular stand Turkish and demanded their rights and legal waters of the Tigris and Euphrates, but they did not reach a common solution to agree upon the face of Turkey's water policy but was disagreement between the two is the most prominent in this case, making Turkey to exploit this difference to their advantage, and building on what we've had, we find that the biggest affected by politics water for Turkey is Iraq as the latest recipient State of the rivers, at a time when Turkey has sought to employ economic and political interventions of Turkey towards the countries of the region so as to provide them an important function in the pioneering policies in the regional order in the Middle East, through the insistence of Turkey to move forward on a broad project scale in Southeast Anatolia, in order to provide the border areas of energy and sources of irrigation to make it a gathering of grains, fruits and vegetables to countries of the Middle East point, continuing its commitment not to consider the Tigris and Euphrates rivers international, but Nhrien crossing the border and the purpose of allowing itself Bastosmaarhama according to their interest and to build dams, according to the perceptions and to allow them to Pthoelhma ((political card)) in the future to control the life of Syria and Iraq of water, which benefit from the differences the two countries, but also works to sustain its plans to build the water away from the unified Arab vision.تعدّ قضية المياه، من اعقد القضايا والمشاكل التي واجهت العلاقات التركية- العربية، وعلى وجه الدقة العلاقة مع العراق وسوريا، وهي كذلك من القضايا المشتركة بين هذه الدول، إلاَّ أن جانب التعاون في هذه القضية كان ضعيفاً، وموقف الضعف فيها ياتي من عدم اعتراف أي طرف من الاطراف بحقوق الاخر، اعتقدت تركيا منذ البداية بان المياه الجارية في حوضي دجلة والفرات هي مياه تركية لانها تنبع من الارض التركية، وعليه فانها غير ملزمة قانوناً باعطاء حصة ثابتة للدول المتشاطئة معها في الوقت الذي تهتم فيه بتقدير حاجة البلدين لمياه دجلة والفرات، وانها غير ملتزمة بالقوانين الدولية التي تنص على عدم الاضرار بالاخرين، ولذلك فانها مستعدة للاتفاق مع العراق وسوريا لتزويدهم بالمياه شريطة أن لا يتعارض ذلك ومصلحة البلاد وفي اقامة المشاريع التنموية والاقتصادية، ولهذا نجد انها تعاملت في هذه القضية بطريقة ملتوية ، بالمقابل فان الاخيرين حاولا الوقوف بوجه السياسية التركية وطالبا بحقوقهما القانونية لمياه دجلة والفرات، غير انهما لم يتوصلا إلى حل مشترك يتفقا عليه لمواجهة سياسة تركيا المائية بل كان الخلاف بينهما هو الابرز في هذه القضية مما جعل من تركيا أن تستغل هذا الخلاف لصالحها، وتأسيساً على ما تناولناه نجد أن المتضرر الاكبر من السياسة المائية لتركيا هو العراق باعتباره الدولة الاخيرة المستفيدة من مياه النهرين، في الوقت الذي سعت تركيا لتوظيف المداخلات الاقتصادية والسياسية التركية تجاه دول المنطقة بما يوفر لها وظيفة مهمة في سياسات رائدة في النظام الاقليمي في الشرق الأوسط، من خلال اصرار تركيا على المضي قدماً في مشروع واسع النطاق في جنوب شرق الاناضول، بهدف تزويد المناطق الحدودية بالطاقة ومصادر الري لجعلها نقطة تجمع للحبوب والفواكه والخضر لدول الشرق الاوسط، واستمرار تمسكها بعدم اعتبار نهري دجلة والفرات نهرين دوليين، وانما نهريين عابرين للحدود وبقصد السماح لنفسها باستثمارهما وفقاً لمصلحتها ولبناء السدود وفقا لتصوراتها وبما يسمح لها بتحويلهما ((كورقة سياسية)) مستقبلا للتحكم في حياة سوريا والعراق المائية، وهي تستفيد من خلافات البلدين، بل تعمل على إدامتها بغية بناء مخططاتها المائية بعيدا عن الرؤية العربية الموحدة.

The genus Nepeta belongs to the largest Lamiaceae family, with 300 species, which are distributed throughout the various regions of Africa, Asia, India, and America. Along with other plant families distinguished by their medicinal and therapeutic values, the Nepeta genus of Lameaceae remains relatively valuable. Hence, the phytochemicals of N. paulsenii Briq. were extracted using different plant parts, i.e., leaves, stem, roots, flowers, and the whole plant by using various solvents (ethanol, water, and ethyl acetate), obtaining 15 fractions. Each extract of dried plant material was analyzed by FT-IR and GC-MS to identify the chemical constituents. The cytotoxicity of each fraction was analyzed by MTT assay and mitochondrial membrane potential and nuclear condensation assays against lung cancer cells. Among the ethyl acetate and ethanolic extracts, the flowers showed the best results, with IC50 values of 51.57 μg/mL and 50.58 μg/mL, respectively. In contrast, among the water extracts of the various plant segments, the stem showed the best results, with an IC50 value of 123.80 μg/mL. 5-flourouracil was used as the standard drug, providing an IC50 value of 83.62 μg/mL. The Hoechst 33342 stain results indicated apoptotic features, i.e., chromatin dissolution and broken down, fragmented, and crescent-shaped nuclei. The ethanolic extracts of the flowers showed more pronounced apoptotic effects on the cells. The mitochondrial membrane potential indicated that rhodamine 123 fluorescence signals suppressed mitochondrial potential due to the treatment with the extracts. Again, the apoptotic index of the ethanolic extract of the flowers remained the highest. Hence it can be concluded that the flower part of N. paulsenii Briq. was found to be the most active against the A459 human lung cancer cell line.

A compact multiband monopole antenna is proposed for vehicular roof top shark-fin applications. The proposed multiband antenna covers 5G sub-6 GHz and LTE bands starting at 617 MHz to 5000 MHz and the higher GNSS band from 1559 to 1606 MHz as well as the V2X band at 5900 MHz. The presented antenna is a three-dimensional monopole antenna with two branches to cover the required bands with compact size to fit inside a roof top shark-fin. The long antenna branch covers the lower cellular frequency band from 617 to 960 MHz, while the short branch covers the higher frequency band from 1559 to 6000 MHz. The presented antenna is mounted on a double-sided FR4 PCB and is feeded through a short cable. The proposed antenna covers multiple frequency bands with compact size (H x L x W) of 58 × 37 × 17 mm3. The antenna is simulated and optimized, and then, a prototype is fabricated, and its radiation characteristics are measured when mounted on one-meter ground plane and on a vehicle’s roof. The maximum measured linear average gain is 3 dBi at 1900 MHz, and the maximum measured efficiency is 88% at 787 MHz. The active GNSS antenna gain is measured using an LNA with good isolation. A good agreement is achieved between the simulated and measured results when compared in terms of voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), radiation patterns, linear average gain (LAG), and antenna efficiency.

Medicinal plants are the primary raw materials used in the production of medicinal products all over the world. As a result, more study on plants with therapeutic potential is required. The tropical tree Ziziphus spina belongs to the Rhamnaceae family. Biological reports and traditional applications including management of diabetes and treatment of malaria, digestive issues, typhoid, liver complaints, weakness, skin infections, urinary disorders, obesity, diarrhoea, and sleeplessness have all been treated with different parts of Z. spina all over the globe. The plant is identified as a rich source of diverse chemical compounds. This study is a comprehensive yet detailed review of Z. spina based on major findings from around the world regarding ethnopharmacology, biological evaluation, and chemical composition. Scopus, Web of Science, BioMed Central, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Springer Link, and Google Scholar were searched to find published articles. From the 186 research articles reviewed, we revealed the leaf extract to be significant against free radicals, microbes, parasites, inflammation-related cases, obesity, and cancer. Chemically, polyphenols/flavonoids were the most reported compounds with a composition of 66 compounds out of the total 193 compounds reported from different parts of the plant. However, the safety and efficacy of Z. spina have not been wholly assessed in humans, and further well-designed clinical trials are needed to corroborate preclinical findings. The mechanism of action of the leaf extract should be examined. The standard dose and safety of the leaf should be established.

Introduction: Pathogens have persisted as major agents in the progress of infections that constitute a threat to human health the world over. Extracting remedies from plants is a longstanding human tradition. This study assesses the antimicrobial action of extracts of turmeric (Curcuma longa) and garlic (Allium sativum) against several bacterial clinical isolates. Materials and Methods: The phytochemical constituents of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of turmeric and garlic and their susceptibility in single and combined absorptions were determined using a Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute standard. Results: Steroids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and alkaloids were detected in both extracts, whereas anthraquinone was only present in turmeric. On the other hand, tannins and saponins were present in extracts of garlic. Ethanolic extract of garlic showed a zone of inhibition measuring 12 mm at the absorption of 100 mg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus, a zone of inhibition 10 mm at a concentration of 100 mg/ml against Escherichia coli and a zone of inhibition of 7 mm at a concentration of 100 mg/ml against Klebsiella pneumoniae. The aqueous extract of the same garlic was effective against the tested bacteria. Ethanolic extract of turmeric showed the largest zone of inhibition of 13 mm at a concentration of 100 mg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus and 7 mm at a concentration of 100 mg/ml against Klebsiella pneumoniae. Equally, the aqueous extract of turmeric showed the highest zone of inhibition of 11 mm at a concentration of 100 mg/ml on Staphylococcus aureus and 7 mm against Klebsiella pneumoniae. The aqueous extract of garlic was active against the isolate, and the combination of the two extracts was active against the tested organism. Conclusion: Spices can be used as effective antimicrobial agents against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in both individual and combined forms.

This study presents a hybrid optimization technique to optimize stator and rotor slots of induction motor (IM) design for electric vehicle (EV) applications. The existing meta-heuristic optimization techniques for the IM design, such as genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO), suffer premature convergence, exploration and exploitation imbalance, and computational burden. Therefore, this study proposes a new hybrid optimization technique called opposition-based jellyfish search optimization (OBJSO). This technique adopts opposition-based learning (OBL) into a jellyfish search optimization (JSO). Apart from that, a multi-objective formulation is derived to maximize the main performance indicators of EVs, including efficiency, breakdown torque, and power factor. The proposed OBJSO is used to solve the optimal design of stator and rotor slots based on the formulated multi-objective. The performance is compared with conventional optimization techniques, such as GA, PSO, and JSO. OBJSO outperforms three other optimization techniques in terms of average fitness by 2.2% (GA), 1.3% (PSO), and 0.17% (JSO). Furthermore, the convergence rate of OBJSO is improved tremendously, where up to 13.6% reduction in average can be achieved compared with JSO. In conclusion, the proposed technique can be used to help engineers in the automotive industry design a high-performance IM for EVs as an alternative to the existing motor.

Background: Anomalous termination of the abdominal aorta is exceptionally rare. Although the prevalence is unknown, the knowledge of this variation and its association with surrounding structures becomes particularly relevant in vascular relationships to organ resections, laparoscopic surgeries, interventional radiologic procedures and pelvic organ transplants. Methods: During routine dissection for medical students, an adult male cadaver was dissected following the Cunningham's manual for dissection. Results: There was an unusual division of the distal abdominal aorta. Opposite the body of the 4th lumbar vertebra, the abdominal aorta divided into four branches (a left and right external and internal iliac artery) manifesting absence of the common iliac arteries. However, the accompanying venous architecture was normal. Conclusion: To our knowledge, only two of similar findings have been reported in literature. Acquaintance with this variation will help to ensure understanding and accurate interpretation of radiological images, and serve as a guide to circumvent difficulties during abdominal and pelvic procedures.

Background: Early orthodontic treatment, or interceptive treatment, is aimed at halting or redirecting the development of malocclusions in pediatric patients. Early intervention can enhance aesthetics, improve function, and reduce the complexity of future malocclusion treatments. General dental practitioners (GDPs) and pediatric dentists (PDs) play a key role in the early identification and management of these issues, but research on their knowledge and practices regarding early orthodontic problems is limited. This study investigates the knowledge, practice, and challenges faced by GDPs, PDs, and postgraduate pediatric dentistry students (PGPDSs) in diagnosing and managing early orthodontic problems. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 182 participants, including 133 GDPs, 23 PDs, and 26 PGPDSs, selected from public healthcare facilities and academic institutions. A self-administered, anonymous questionnaire was used to assess participants' knowledge of early orthodontic issues and practices in treatment and referral. The questionnaire also included case studies for evaluating participants' ability to identify and manage early orthodontic problems. Knowledge and practices were categorized into good, average, or poor based on predefined scores. Results: The response rate was 87.4%, with 159 completed questionnaires. Knowledge of early orthodontic issues was moderate, with GDPs scoring the lowest in identifying and timing treatment. Although most participants demonstrated good practices in immediate treatment and referrals, all groups showed poor performance in selecting appropriate orthodontic appliances. GDPs had the lowest scores for appliance selection. Challenges identified included a lack of clinical experience and insufficient knowledge for treating certain cases, particularly in GDPs. Conclusion: Knowledge of early orthodontic issues was moderate across all groups, with GDPs exhibiting the lowest levels. While the practice of immediate treatment and referrals was generally good, the selection of appropriate appliances was poorly performed. The lack of confidence, particularly due to limited clinical experience, was the primary barrier to providing early orthodontic care. There was no significant correlation between knowledge and practice. Addressing these gaps through further education and clinical experience may improve the management of early orthodontic problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]