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The practical and theoretical significance of the resolvability parameter makes it an important factor, particularly in the context of network analysis. Its significance is seen in various applications and consequences: Network security, efficient routing, social network analysis, facility location, and site selection. This article finds the double resolvability parameters of the fosmidomycin anti-malaria drug. Resolvability parameters like double metric, double edge metric, and double mixed metric dimensions of fosmidomycin anti-malaria drug also hold exchange properties in the molecular graph of fosmidomycin. We convert the molecular structures of fosmidomycin into molecular graphs and then find some resolvability parameters.

The chair-mounted passive trunk orthosis (CMPTO) is designed to enhance wheelchair safety for individuals with dystrophinopathy during their daily activities. Given the disease’s progressive nature, it is crucial to ensure that assistive devices are carefully evaluated to prevent overexertion. This study aims to assess the CMPTO’s user experience and its impact on fatigue-related psychophysiological measurements. We conducted electromyography (EMG) evaluations of four trunk muscles and assessed perceived exertion using the Borg CR-10 scale in 40 healthy subjects while they performed seated maximal reaching tasks with the CMPTO. Additionally, fifteen dystrophinopathy patients evaluated the CMPTO for usability with the System Usability Scale. Paired t-tests were employed to compare the median frequency (MDF) of EMG signals, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for evaluating exertion, and the Mann–Whitney U test to compare the usability reported by patients to those of healthy subjects. The 4-way ANOVA revealed that MDF patterns were significantly influenced by task orientation for each muscle. The CMPTO did not cause a significant reduction in the MDF. Tasks requiring greater trunk rotation were perceived as more exhaustive. Patients reported acceptable usability with the CMPTO, with scores higher than those of healthy subjects. The CMPTO’s usability was comprehensively evaluated in both healthy subjects and patients with dystrophinopathy. Our findings indicate that the CMPTO can be safely used by individuals with dystrophinopathy as an assistive device to improve seated comfort and functional abilities.

Pain is a multifaceted, multisystem disorder that adversely affects neuro-psychological processes. This study compares the effectiveness of central stimulation (transcranial direct current stimulation—tDCS over F3/F4) and peripheral stimulation (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation—TENS over the median nerve) in pain inhibition during a cognitive task in healthy volunteers and to observe potential neuro-cognitive improvements. Eighty healthy participants underwent a comprehensive experimental protocol, including cognitive assessments, the Cold Pressor Test (CPT) for pain induction, and tDCS/TENS administration. EEG recordings were conducted pre- and post-intervention across all conditions. The protocol for this study was categorized into four groups: G1 (control), G2 (TENS), G3 (anodal-tDCS), and G4 (cathodal-tDCS). Paired t-tests (p < 0.05) were conducted to compare Pre-Stage, Post-Stage, and neuromodulation conditions, with t-values providing insights into effect magnitudes. The result showed a reduction in pain intensity with TENS (p = 0.002, t-value = −5.34) and cathodal-tDCS (p = 0.023, t-value = −5.08) and increased pain tolerance with TENS (p = 0.009, t-value = 4.98) and cathodal-tDCS (p = 0.001, t-value = 5.78). Anodal-tDCS (p = 0.041, t-value = 4.86) improved cognitive performance. The EEG analysis revealed distinct neural oscillatory patterns across the groups. Specifically, G2 and G4 showed delta-power reductions, while G3 observed an increase. Moreover, G2 exhibited increased theta-power in the occipital region during CPT and Post-Stages. In the alpha-band, G2, G3, and G4 had reductions Post-Stage, while G1 and G3 increased. Additionally, beta-power increased in the frontal region for G2 and G3, contrasting with a reduction in G4. Furthermore, gamma-power globally increased during CPT1, with G1, G2, and G3 showing reductions Post-Stage, while G4 displayed a global decrease. The findings confirm the efficacy of TENS and tDCS as possible non-drug therapeutic alternatives for cognition with alleviation from pain.

Abstract Hybrid nanofluid are the modified class of nanofluids with extra high thermal performances and present different applications in automotive cooling, heat transfer devices, solar collectors, engine applications, fusion processes, machine cutting, chemical processes etc. This thermal research explores the heat transfer assessment due to hybrid nanofluid with of different shape features. The thermal inspections regarding the hybrid nanofluid model are justified with aluminium oxide and titanium nanoparticles. The base liquid properties are disclosed with ethylene glycol material. The novel impact of current model is the presentation of different shape features namely Platelets, blade and cylinder. Different thermal properties of utilized nanoparticles at various flow constraints are reported. The problem of hybrid nanofluid model is modified in view of slip mechanism, magnetic force and viscous dissipation. The heat transfer observations for decomposition of TiO2–Al2O3/C2H6O2 is assessed by using the convective boundary conditions. The shooting methodology is involved for finding the numerical observations of problem. Graphical impact of thermal parameters is observed for TiO2–Al2O3/C2H6O2 hybrid decomposition. The pronounced observations reveal that thermal rate enhanced for blade shaped titanium oxide-ethylene glycol decomposition. The wall shear force reduces for blade shaped titanium oxide nanoparticles.

BACKGROUND: Multiple barriers exist for appropriate use of the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 enzyme inhibitors (PCSK9i) in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) or familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) with inadequately controlled hypercholesterolemia despite standard therapies. Among these barriers, high payer rejection rates and inadequate prior authorization (PA) documentation by providers hinder optimal use of PCSK9i. OBJECTIVES: To (a) identify and discuss provider and payer discordances on barriers to authorization and use of PCSK9i based on clinical and real-world evidence and (b) align understanding and application of clinical, cost, safety, and efficacy data of PCSK9i. METHODS: Local groups of 3 payers and 3 providers met in 6 separate locations across the United States through a collaborative project of AMCP and PRIME Education. Responses to selected pre- and postmeeting survey questions measured changes in attitudes and beliefs regarding treatment barriers, lipid thresholds for considering PCSK9i therapy, and tactics for improving PA processes. Statistical analysis of inter- and intragroup changes in attitudes were performed by Cox proportional hazards test and Fishers exact test for < 5 variables. RESULTS: The majority of providers and payers (67%-78%) agreed that high patient copayments and inadequate PA documentation were significant barriers to PCSK9i usage. However, payers and providers differed on beliefs that current evidence does not support PCSK9i cost-effectiveness (6% providers, 56% payers; P = 0.003) and that PA presents excessive administrative burden (72% providers, 44% payers; P = 0.09) Average increases pre- to postmeeting were noted in provider beliefs that properly documented PA forms expedite access to PCSK9i (22%-50% increase) and current authorization criteria accurately distinguish patients who benefit most from PCSK9i (6%-22%). Payers decreased in their belief that current authorization criteria accurately distinguish benefiting patients (72%-50%). Providers and payers increased in their belief that PCSK9i are cost-effective (44%-61% and 28%-50%, respectively) and were more willing to consider PCSK9i at the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol threshold of > 70 mg/dL for patients with ASCVD (78%-83% and 44%-67%, respectively) or FH (22%-39% and 22%-33%). Payers were more agreeable to less stringent PA requirements for patients with FH (33%-72%, P = 0.019) and need for standardized PA requirements (50%-83%, P = 0.034); these considerations remained high (89%) among providers after the meeting. Most participants supported educational programs for patient treatment adherence (83%) and physician/staff PA processes (83%-94%). CONCLUSIONS: Provider and payer representatives in 6 distinct geographic locations provided recommendations to improve quality of care in patients eligible for PCSK9i. Participants also provided tactical recommendations for streamlining PA documentation processes and improving awareness of PCSK9i cost-effectiveness and clinical efficacy. The majority of participants supported development of universal, standardized patient eligibility criteria and PA forms. DISCLOSURES: The study reported in this article was part of a continuing education program funded by an independent educational grant awarded by Sanofi US and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals to PRIME Education. The grantor had no role in the study design, execution, analysis, or reporting. AMCP received grant funding from PRIME to assist in the study, as well as in writing the manuscript. McCormick, Bhatt, Bays, Taub, Caldwell, Guerin, Steinhoff, and Ahmad received an honorarium from PRIME for serving as faculty for the continuing education program. McCormick, Bhatt, Bays, Taub, Caldwell, Guerin, Steinhoff, and Ahmad were involved as participants in the study. Bhatt discloses the following relationships: Advisory board: Cardax, CellProthera, Cereno Scientific, Elsevier Practice Update Cardiology, Level Ex, Medscape Cardiology, PhaseBio, PLx Pharma, Regado Biosciences; Board of directors: Boston VA Research Institute, Society of Cardiovascular Patient Care, TobeSoft; Chair: American Heart Association Quality Oversight Committee; Data monitoring committees: Baim Institute for Clinical Research (formerly Harvard Clinical Research Institute, for the PORTICO trial, funded by St. Jude Medical, now Abbott), Cleveland Clinic (including for the ExCEED trial, funded by Edwards), Contego Medical (Chair, PERFORMANCE 2), Duke Clinical Research Institute, Mayo Clinic, Mount Sinai School of Medicine (for the ENVISAGE trial, funded by Daiichi Sankyo), Population Health Research Institute; Honoraria: American College of Cardiology (Senior Associate Editor, Clinical Trials and News, ACC.org; Vice chair, ACC Accreditation Committee), Baim Institute for Clinical Research (formerly Harvard Clinical Research Institute; RE-DUAL PCI clinical trial steering committee funded by Boehringer Ingelheim; AEGIS-II executive committee funded by CSL Behring), Belvoir Publications (Editor in Chief, Harvard Heart Letter), Duke Clinical Research Institute (clinical trial steering committees, including for the PRONOUNCE trial, funded by Ferring Pharmaceuticals), HMP Global (Editor in Chief, Journal of Invasive Cardiology), Journal of the American College of Cardiology (Guest Editor; Associate Editor), K2P (Co-Chair, interdisciplinary curriculum), Level Ex, Medtelligence/ReachMD (CME steering committees), MJH Life Sciences, Population Health Research Institute (for the COMPASS operations committee, publications committee, steering committee, and USA national co-leader, funded by Bayer), Slack Publications (Chief Medical Editor, Cardiology Todays Intervention), Society of Cardiovascular Patient Care (Secretary/Treasurer), WebMD (CME steering committees); Other: Clinical Cardiology (Deputy Editor), NCDR-ACTION Registry Steering Committee (Chair), VA CART Research and Publications Committee (Chair); Research funding: Abbott, Afimmune, Amarin, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Cardax, Chiesi, CSL Behring, Eisai, Ethicon, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Forest Laboratories, Fractyl, Idorsia, Ironwood, Ischemix, Lexicon, Lilly, Medtronic, Pfizer, PhaseBio, PLx Pharma, Regeneron, Roche, Sanofi Aventis, Synaptic, The Medicines Company; Royalties: Elsevier (Editor, Cardiovascular Intervention: A Companion to Braunwalds Heart Disease); Site co-investigator: Biotronik, Boston Scientific, CSI, St. Jude Medical (now Abbott), Svelte; Trustee: American College of Cardiology; Unfunded research: FlowCo, Merck, Novo Nordisk, Takeda. Bays research site has received research grants from 89Bio, Acasti, Akcea, Allergan, Alon Medtech/Epitomee, Amarin, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Axsome, Boehringer Ingelheim, Civi, Eli Lilly, Esperion, Evidera, Gan and Lee, Home Access, Janssen, Johnson and Johnson, Lexicon, Matinas, Merck, Metavant, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi, Selecta, TIMI, and Urovant. Bays has served as a consultant/advisor for 89Bio, Amarin, Esperion, Matinas, and Gelesis, and speaker for Esperion. McCormick, Caldwell, Guerin, Ahmad, Singh, Moreo, Carter, Heggen, and Sapir have nothing to disclose.

Introduction After rectal cancer surgery, a majority of patients suffer from sequelae known as low anterior resection syndrome (LARS). It is a collection of symptoms consisting of flatus and/or stool incontinence, evacuation frequency, re-evacuation and urgency. The circadian hormone, melatonin, has shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties, and in high doses, it reduces bowel movements. The aim of the study is to investigate if locally administered melatonin has an alleviating effect on LARS. Secondarily, the effect of melatonin on bowel movements, other patient-reported symptoms, quality of life, depression, anxiety, sleep disturbances, motilin levels and rectal mucosa histology will be examined.Methods and analysis This is a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, two-period crossover trial. The participants are randomised to 28 days of 25 mg melatonin administered rectally via an enema daily (or placebo) followed by a 28-day washout and then 28 days of placebo (or melatonin). Three participants will be included in an internal feasibility test. They will receive 25 mg of melatonin daily for 28 days. Data from these participants will be used to assess the feasibility of the rectally administered melatonin and to analyse the course of recruitment and outcome measurements. Afterwards, 18 participants will be included in the crossover trial. The severity of the LARS symptoms will be evaluated using the LARS Score on the first and last day of each treatment period.Ethics and dissemination The Regional Ethics Committee, the Danish Medicines Agency and the Data and Development Support in Region Zealand approved this study. The study will be performed according to the Helsinki II declaration. Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. The results of the study will be submitted to peer-reviewed journals for publication and presented at congresses.Trial registration numbers EudraCT Registry (2020-004442-11) and ClinicalTrial.gov Registry (NCT05042700).

Background In colorectal cancer, the effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors are mostly limited to patients with deficient mismatch repair tumors, characterized by a high grade infiltration of CD8+T cells. Interventions aimed at increasing intratumoral CD8+T-cell infiltration in proficient mismatch repair tumors are lacking.Methods We conducted a proof of concept phase 1/2 clinical trial, where patients with non-metastasizing sigmoid or rectal cancer, scheduled for curative intended surgery, were treated with an endoscopic intratumorally administered neoadjuvant influenza vaccine. Blood and tumor samples were collected before the injection and at the time of surgery. The primary outcome was safety of the intervention. Evaluation of pathological tumor regression grade, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry of blood, tissue bulk transcriptional analyses, and spatial protein profiling of tumor regions were all secondary outcomes.Results A total of 10 patients were included in the trial. Median patient age was 70 years (range 54–78), with 30% women. All patients had proficient mismatch repair Union of International Cancer Control stage I–III tumors. No endoscopic safety events occurred, with all patients undergoing curative surgery as scheduled (median 9 days after intervention). Increased CD8+T-cell tumor infiltration was evident after vaccination (median 73 vs 315 cells/mm2, p

Abstract Background Knee osteoarthritis was reported as the second most prevalent condition in the national musculoskeletal survey. The purpose of this extended study was to identify risk factors for knee osteoarthritis in Bangladeshi adults. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in rural and urban areas of Bangladesh using stratified multistage cluster sample of 2000 adults aged 18 years or older recruited at their households. The Modified Community Oriented Program for Control of Rheumatic Disorders (COPCORD) questionnaire was used to collect data. The diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis was made using the decision tree clinical categorization criteria of the American College of Rheumatology. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were done to identify the risk factors for knee osteoarthritis. Results A total of 1843 individuals (892 men and 951 women) participated, and 134 had knee osteoarthritis yielding a prevalence of 7.3% (95% confidence interval (CI) 4.9 to 9.6%). The mean (standard deviation) age of the knee osteoarthritis patients was 51.7 (11.2) years. Multivariate logistic regression analysis found a significant association with increasing age (≥38 years OR 8.9, 95% CI 4.8–16.5; ≥58 years OR 13.9, 95% CI 6.9–28.0), low educational level (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.0–2.7) and overweight (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2–2.9) with knee osteoarthritis. Knee osteoarthritis patients had a high likelihood of having work loss preceding 12 months (age and sex-adjusted OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.4–3.8; P

The chair-mounted passive trunk orthosis (CMPTO) is designed to enhance wheelchair safety for individuals with dystrophinopathy during their daily activities. Given the disease's progressive nature, it is crucial to ensure that assistive devices are carefully evaluated to prevent overexertion. This study aims to assess the CMPTO's user experience and its impact on fatigue-related psychophysiological measurements. We conducted electromyography (EMG) evaluations of four trunk muscles and assessed perceived exertion using the Borg CR-10 scale in 40 healthy subjects while they performed seated maximal reaching tasks with the CMPTO. Additionally, fifteen dystrophinopathy patients evaluated the CMPTO for usability with the System Usability Scale. Paired t-tests were employed to compare the median frequency (MDF) of EMG signals, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for evaluating exertion, and the Mann–Whitney U test to compare the usability reported by patients to those of healthy subjects. The 4-way ANOVA revealed that MDF patterns were significantly influenced by task orientation for each muscle. The CMPTO did not cause a significant reduction in the MDF. Tasks requiring greater trunk rotation were perceived as more exhaustive. Patients reported acceptable usability with the CMPTO, with scores higher than those of healthy subjects. The CMPTO's usability was comprehensively evaluated in both healthy subjects and patients with dystrophinopathy. Our findings indicate that the CMPTO can be safely used by individuals with dystrophinopathy as an assistive device to improve seated comfort and functional abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advancement in coloring schemes of graphs is expanding over time to solve emerging problems. Recently, a new form of coloring, namely P3-coloring, was introduced. A simple graph is called a P3-colorable graph if its vertices can be colored so that all the vertices in each P3 path of the graph have different colors; this is called the P3-coloring of the graph. The minimum number of colors required to form a P3-coloring of a graph is called the P3-chromatic number of the graph. The aim of this article is to determine the P3-chromatic number of different well-known classes of bipartite graphs such as complete bipartite graphs, tree graphs, grid graphs, and some special types of bipartite graphs. Moreover, we have also presented some algorithms to produce a P3-coloring of these classes with a minimum number of colors required.

Objective Low back pain (LBP) is a common musculoskeletal disorder. This study aims to determine the residence-specific and sex-specific prevalence and the factors associated with LBP in Bangladesh.Methods The study subjects (aged ≥18 years) were identified from 20 primary sampling units of the national census following a cross-sectional multistage stratified sampling design. We considered the mechanical type of LBP for this study. A Bangla version of the modified Community Oriented Programme for Control of Rheumatic Disorders questionnaire was used. A team of trained field workers, rheumatology residents and rheumatologists collected the data. Analysis was done using weighted data.Results Two thousand subjects were approached, but 1843 could be screened. Among them, 561 had musculoskeletal disorders, and 343 were diagnosed with LBP. The weighted prevalence of LBP was 18.5% (95% CI: 11.8% to 25.2%) and age-standardised prevalence of LBP was 19.4% (95% CI: 14.0% to 24.8%), which was higher in women (27.2%, 19.3% to 35.1%) than men (14.0%, 8.7% to 19.3%). The prevalence persistently increased from age group 18–34 years (10.5%, 5.7 to 15.4) to ≥55 years (27.8%, 16.1% to 39.5%). People with no education had the highest prevalence (31.3%, 22.3% to 40.4%). The prevalence did not differ between urban and rural residential locations. Four factors were significantly associated with LBP: age (adjusted odds ratio: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.7 to 3.4), female sex (2.2, 1.5 to 3.3), absence of formal education (2.3, 1.6 to 3.3) and hypertension (1.7, 1.1 to 2.6).Conclusion LBP is a common problem in Bangladeshi adults. The factors identified are age, female sex, no formal education and hypertension. These should be addressed adequately to prevent and treat LBP.

In recent years, several structure-based properties of the molecular graphs are understood through the chemical graph theory. The molecular graph GG of a molecule consists of vertices and edges, where vertices represent the atoms in a molecule and edges represent the chemical bonds between these atoms. A numerical quantity that gives information related to the topology of the molecular graphs is called a topological index. Several topological indices, contributing to chemical graph theory, have been defined and vastly studied. Recent inclusions in the class of the topological indices are the K-Banhatti indices. In this paper, we established the precise formulas for the first and second K-Banhatti, modified K-Banhatti, K-hyper Banhatti, and hyper Revan indices of silicon carbide Si2C3{{\rm{Si}}}_{2}{{\rm{C}}}_{3}-III[n,m]{\rm{III}}\left[n,m]. In addition, we present the graphical analysis along with the comparison of these indices for Si2C3{{\rm{Si}}}_{2}{{\rm{C}}}_{3}-III[n,m]{\rm{III}}\left[n,m].

Abstract Background Nationally representative data on burden of musculoskeletal conditions (MSK) in Bangladesh are not available. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of MSK conditions and related disabilities in the adult population of Bangladesh. Methods A total of 2000 individuals aged 18 years or older were targeted from 20 primary sampling units (urban and rural) of all former seven divisions of Bangladesh in 2015. Structured interviews were done using the modified Community Oriented Program for Control of Rheumatic Disorders questionnaire to detect positive respondents. Standard criteria were used for diagnosing MSK conditions by rheumatology residents. In case of uncertainty, opinion was taken from senior rheumatologists. A Bangla version of the Health Assessment Questionnaire was used to determine disability. Results A total of 1843 (92.1%) participated. Among them, 892 men and 951 women participated from rural (n = 716) and urban (n = 1127) areas. Their mean age was 40.5 (standard deviation 14.7) years. Almost a third did not have any formal schooling. Overall, 30.4% (95% confidence interval, 28.3–32.5) had MSK conditions. Low back pain (18.6%, 16.9–20.5), knee osteoarthritis (7.3%, 6.1–8.5) and soft tissue rheumatism 3.8% (2.9–4.7) were the three top-ranking MSK conditions. Rheumatoid arthritis (1.6%, 1.0–2.1), spondyloarthritis (1.2%, 7–1.8) and adhesive capsulitis (1.4%, 0.9–1.9) were relatively uncommon. Among those who had MSK conditions, 24.8% (21.3–28.6) had some degree of disability. Of them, 24.4% (21.0–28.1) had history of work loss during last 12 months. Conclusions The high burden of MSK conditions and related disabilities in Bangladesh warrants greater attention of the health system. Further studies are needed to estimate the impact of this group of conditions particularly addressing related disabilities and loss of work.

The existence of transgender in social life still leaves many problems. Negative stigma and discrimination are already firmly attached to them. This problem certainly requires handling so that the negative mindset of transgender women does not only put to something horrible in nature. They also cannot be separated from their natural tendency as religious humans (homo-religious). This study seeks to reveal the religiosity side of transgender women and how they actualize their religious-selves. Because of this reason, the researcher uses the concept of Maslow as self-actualization, then Stark and Glock as religious commitment in the framework of qualitative-phenomenological research. In-depth interviews, observation, and documentation are techniques in extracting data, then analyzed inductively. The results of this study found that the fact, transgender religious behavior fulfills the five dimensions of religion as per the conceptual framework of Stark and Glock as religious commitment. Second, the self-actualization of transgender women in their religious-life also shows that they have an inner need through Nurul Iman jamiyyah. They follow recitation consistently where the senior transgender (adult) has moved to religious maturity that manifested in their daily life by the religious commitment and always follow jamiyyah, and encourage younger transgender women to keep trying to carry out religious-teachings.

Sebagai konsekuensi logis bahwa negara Indonesia sebagai negara yang berlandaskan hukum, maka seluruh aspek kehidupan masyarakat diatur oleh hukum termasuk mengenai perkawinan, perceraian dan kewarisan. Dengan lahirnya Undang-undang No.1 Tahun 1974 tentang perkawinan, yang mulai berlaku efektif sejak tanggal 01 Oktober 1975 adalah merupakan salah satu bentuk unifikasi dan kodifikasi hukum di Indonesia tentang perkawinan beserta akibat hukumnya. Contohnya terkait perceraian, apabila terjadi perceraian tentu akan membawa akibat hukum sebagai konsekuensi dari perceraian tersebut, yaitu terhadap status suami dan istri, kedudukan anak maupun mengenai harta bersama yang diperoleh sepanjang perkawinan. Tulisan ini memfokuskan pada proses mediasi sengketa harta gono-gini di Pengadilan Agama khususnya Kabupaten Kediri, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uraian tentang peranan mediator dalam penyelesaian sengketa harta gono-gini di Pengadilan Agama Kabupaten Kediri. Penelitian yang dilakukan peneliti tergolong dalam jenis penelitian kualitatif karena data diambil dari pengamatan langsung di lapangan dan berupa kata tertulis atau lisan dari orang dan perilaku yang diamati yaitu proses mediasi dan peranan mediator dalam penyelesaian sengketa harta gono-gini. Tulisan ini menyimpulkan bahwa dalam proses mediasi di Pengadilan Agama kabupaten Kediri melewati beberapa proses Pertama, sidang pra mediasi, Kedua, pelaksanaan mediasi, Ketiga, laporan mediasi, Keempat, sidang lanjutan laporan mediasi. Adapun peran mediator di Pengadilan Agama Kabupaten Kediri sendiri harus memenuhi beberapa persyaratan antara lain : Pertama, Keberadaan mediator disetujui oleh kedua belah pihak, Kedua, Tidak mempunyai hubungan keluarga sedarah atau semenda sampai dengan derajat kedua dengan salah satu pihak yang bersengketa, Ketiga, Tidak memiliki hubungan kerja dengan salah satu pihak yang bersengketa., Keempat, Tidak mempunyai kepentingan finansial atau kepentingan lain terhadap kesepakatan para pihak, Kelima, Tidak memilliki kepentingan terhadap proses perundingan maupun hasilnya. Secara keseluruhan peran mediator di Pengadilan Agama Kabupaten Kediri sangat dibutuhkan untuk mendamaikan kedua belah pihak yang bersengketa, mediator sendiri harus mempunyai skill dan teknik komunikasi supaya para pihak bisa diambil hatinya oleh mediator sendiri.

Pernikahan dilaksanakan dengan sighat ijab dan qabul antara wali nikah dengan mempelai pria. Bagaimana jika wali mempelai putri tidak berada di tempat pernikahan (berada di tempat yang jauh/ masyafatul qoshri). Wali hakim merupakan alternatif bagi mempelai perempuan yang demikian itu. Persoalan masyafatul qoshri menjadi fenomena menarik di wilayah Kantor Urusan Agama (KUA) Kecamatan Kota Kota Kediri. Fokus penelitian ini 1) Bagaimana prosedur Pernikahan oleh Wali Hakim atas pertimbangan Masyafatul Qoshri di KUA Kecamatan Kota Kota Kediri? 2) Bagaimana pelaksanaan pernikahan oleh Wali Hakim atas pertimbangan Masyafatul Qoshri di KUA Kecamatan Kota Kota Kediri?. Hasil penelitiannya yaitu: 1) Prosedur perkawinan sebab masyafatul qoshri adalah Pemberitahuan kehendak nikah oleh calon mempelai dengan membawa surat-surat yang diperlukan, antara lain Surat keterangan yang menerangkan Wali Nasab calon mempelai perempuan berada di tempat yang jauh, sejauh masyafatul qoshri 2) Pelaksanaan pernikahan oleh wali hakim sebab masyafatul qoshri di KUA Kecamatan Kota Kota Kediri sama dengan pernikahan pada umumnya, hanya ditambah surat keterangan dari kepala desa tentang wali hakim.

This article aims to answer how Islamic thought deals with issues of internationalization. Where in general religions agree that human rights are rights owned by each individual solely because of his dignity as a human being, not the construction of society regarding individual rights. While on the other hand, some experts state that human rights are normative elements that are inherent in human individuals because there are laws whose application differs according to space and time. Between Islam and human rights has a relationship that lies in the universality of Islamic teachings. the concept of human rights has been outlined in the basic principles of Islamic law originating from the texts of the Koran, the Sunnah of the Prophet and friends, as well as the construction of scholars' thoughts. Human rights should be understood and accepted as a universal human treasure whose normative and philosophical foundations can be traced and found in various systems of values ?and traditions. Such global ethics cannot be formulated without religious contributions.

Topological indices give immense information about a molecular structure or chemical structure. The hardness of materials for the indentation can be defined microscopically as the total resistance and effect of chemical bonds in the respective materials. The aim of this paper is to study the hardness of some superhard BCx crystals by means of topological indices, specifically Randić index and atom-bond connectivity index.

Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) is a well-known multi-functional plant with anti-inflammatory, cardiotonic, antiangiogenic, and anticancer effects. The therapeutic value of this plant is due to its phytochemical constitutes, especially parthenolide. Tissue culture techniques have been applied to improve the bioactive components of many herbal plants. Hence, this study, was carried out to establish a protocol for micropropagation of the feverfew plant and to quantify parthenolide content in its micropropagated and conventionally grown plants. To establish an aseptic culture, different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) were investigated for seed surface sterilization. Besides, the effects of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on the callus induction, shoot organogenesis from callus and in vitro rooting were evaluated. Additionally, the parthenolide yield of the micropropagated and conventionally grown plants was determined by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that surface sterilization of feverfew seeds with 6% NaOCl for 15 min obtained 65.00 ± 2.69% aseptic seeds. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.4 mg/L thidiazuron (TDZ) and 2 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) resulted in 86.00 ± 1.72% callus induction. The highest number of shoots (5.00 ± 0.15) per explant was obtained in the treatment of MS medium supplemented with 5 mg/L zeatin. MS medium fortified with 3 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) produced the maximum number of roots per plantlet (8.90 ± 0.35). A total of 90% of the micropropagated plantlets survived when planted in perlite + peat moss (1:1 v/v); the micropropagated plantlets were successfully established in the ex vitro conditions. According to parthenolide analysis, its level was significantly higher in the micropropagated plants than conventionally grown plants. Among different solvents, ethanolic extraction obtained the highest parthenolide content of the feverfew plant. Hence, it can be concluded that micropropagation of feverfew could be applied to produce disease-free planting materials and to improve the parthenolide content of the feverfew plant.