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Heterostructured nanoparticles are active under visible light and have gained much attention for the remediation of persistent organic pollutants under visible light irradiation. Iron vanadate (FeVO4) was prepared by the co-precipitation technique and characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-rays, and zeta particle sizer techniques. The particle size of FeVO4 was in the range of 190–210 nm with maximum abundance at 150 nm. The particle was in a spherical shape and agglomerated form. The band-gap of FeVO4 particles was 2.95 eV. Photocatalytic activity was evaluated by degrading 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) under solar light irradiation. The process variables, that is, catalyst dose, pH, initial concentration of CP, H2O2 concentration, and irradiation time are optimized using response surface methodology. At optimized conditions, up to 91% degradation of 2-CP was achieved and degradation was mentored by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. The observed and predicted 2-CP degradation responses were in agreement with low residual values. Results revealed that FeVO4 is active under solar light irradiation that could possibly be used for the treatment of wastewater containing toxic dyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study proceeded to reduce the environmental hazards spreading worldwide due to synthetic dyes. To overcome these problems, eco-friendly natural dyes are introduced as alternative sources of synthetic dyes. The present study was focused on exploring the bio-colorant of the aqueous and acidic extract of the bark of Melia azedarach L. for the dyeing of both silk and cotton samples. The results of the extraction medium specified that the aqueous extract gave maximum colorant solubility and upon fabric dyeing produced higher color strength in contrast to the acidic medium. The optimization experimentation data showed that excellent color strength of silk fabric was found at 45 min dyeing time duration, in 35:1 mL dye extract, and using 2% salt (NaCl) as an exhausting agent, whereas cotton fabric showed the maximum K/S value at 60 min dyeing time, in a 45:1 mL liquor ratio, and with the use of 2% salt. Bio-mordants produce different shades on both fabrics. Bio-mordanting experiments on silk revealed that pre-mordanting with 2% turmeric and 3% pomegranate, and post-mordanting using 3% turmeric and 2% pomegranate produced a darker shade. In the case of cotton, the pre-mordanted samples with 2% turmeric and 3% pomegranate and the post-mordanted samples with 4% turmeric and 4% pomegranate gave the highest color strengths. All the mordanted samples gave excellent fastness ratings. Overall, it has been found that Bakain bark proved to be an excellent source of tannin. The result of this study showed that it could be a cost-effective and eco-friendly dye source for textile progress.