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Fuel subsidies play a vital role in mitigating inflation and lowering fuel production expenses, particularly during periods of surging global crude oil prices. The study's objectives involve a comprehensive assessment, mapping research studies to understand current trends, publication impact, research productivity in fuel subsidy studies, and identifying the most influential countries, institutions, and authors in this field. This research conducts a bibliometric analysis of fuel subsidies and their trends, utilizing data and academic literature from the Scopus database retrieved on October 4, 2022, with the keywords "fuel" and "subsidy" in the title string. Examining 168 articles spanning 1978 to 2022, quantitative data analysis employed Microsoft Excel, VOSviewer, and Harzing’s Publish or Perish. Results reveal a rising trend in article publication since 2014, peaking at 23 articles in 2017. The United States (USA), the United Kingdom (UK), and China emerge as the most productive countries in fuel subsidy studies, with the USA playing a crucial role in international collaboration. The most cited paper garnered 164 citations. Future research is encouraged to explore broader areas, linking fuel subsidies with low carbon societies, environmental policy, renewable energy, or the blue economy, given their global significance. The study's findings aim to guide researchers in planning future investigations, offering relevant literature and critical issues to address, ultimately enhancing the quality of knowledge in this domain.

Scrotoschisis is a rare congenital anomaly affecting the scrotum and testes, characterized clinically by a defect in the scrotal wall and extrusion of testicular tissue. This literature review is based on reports gathered from PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar using relevant keywords to explore the underlying basic science of this rare condition. The etiology and mechanism of scrotoschisis development remain largely unknown, with only theoretical explanations and a lack of empirical evidence regarding its pathogenesis, which is thought to be linked to embryological abnormalities during scrotal formation. Diagnosing scrotoschisis typically involves a straightforward visual examination of the extruded testes immediately after birth, although clinical presentations may vary, being either unilateral or bilateral. Surgical intervention, primarily through orchidopexy, is generally beneficial for repositioning the testes, closing defects, and preventing potential complications. The prognosis for individuals with this anomaly is generally favorable, although long-term testicular function has been inadequately documented. Further research, including additional clinical reports and investigations involving animal models or embryological studies, is warranted to enhance our understanding of this condition.

The ability of mixed neem, cassava, and wild betel plant leaves to act as plant-based coagulants was tested in real aquaculture wastewater through the coagulation-flocculation process. The performance of plant-based coagulant (PBC) was compared with that of chemical coagulant (alum) to observe the removal efficiency of turbidity, TSS, color, and COD. Ratio, as a new approach, was used by selecting TSS as an indicator or index to substitute for the dosage term and calculated based on a simplified equation. The extracted medium for these coagulants was prepared by using water extraction. Initial characterizations showed that the PBC had some carbon and amine groups (as also confirmed by LC-MS) with an average zeta potential of –22.83 ± 0.62 mV. Results indicated both coagulants (plant-based and chemical coagulants) successfully removed the measured polluted parameters of turbidity (85.17 %), TSS (80.28 %), color (59.42 %), and COD (54.63 %) for PBC with dosage of 0.79 mg/L and coagulant mass of 3.94 mg, while alum gained a higher removal with turbidity (99.08 %), TSS (98.71 %), color (97.29 %), and COD (75.31 %) with dosage and coagulant mass of 698.4 mg/L and 349.2 mg, respectively. This signaled that alum still acted as the best coagulant, but PBC showed a promising opportunity as a potential substitute for chemical coagulant.

ABSTRAK Latar Belakang. Indonesia kaya akan keanekaragaman hayati terutama di bidang pertanian, yang menyebabkan tingginya angka pemanfaatan herbal untuk pengobatan tradisional. Praktik tersebut dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor terutama faktor sosio-demografis, ekonomi, pendidikan dan lainnya.Tujuan. Untuk menganalisis jumlah dan tipe-tipe dari pengobatan herbal di Puskesmas Pekan labuhan dan juga faktor yang memengaruhi penggunaan obat-obatan herbal.Metode.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dan analitik observasional dengan desain potong lintang, pada 119 pasien dewasa di Puskesmas Pekan Labuhan pada rentang waktu penelitian. Sampel diambil dengan metode purposive sampling pada pasien yang datang ke puskesmas. data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner. Data di analisis secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan tes pearson χ2 atau Fischer's Exact test menggunakan Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) versi ke-21 untuk windows pada interval kepercayaan 95%.Hasil. Penggunaan pengobatan herbal pada masyarakat sekitar Puskesmas Pekan Labuhan sebesar 49%. Umumnya pengobatan herbal digunakan sebagai obat komplementer, dengan jamu sebesar 39% dan pil ekstrak 23.7%. Penggunaan pengobatan herbal tersebar merata diantara kelompok demografis dan faktor pengobatan. Terdapat 2 faktor yang paling memengaruhi yaitu kepercayaan terhadap keamanan dari pengobatan herbal (PR 3.58, p

Juru River is one of the most polluted rivers in Malaysia. A dye-degrading bacterial consortium has been isolated from the river's sediment. This consortium JR3 consists of Pseudomonas aeruginosa MM01, Enterobacter sp. MM05 and Serratia marcescens MM06, which were able to decolorize up to 700 ppm of the Reactive Red 120 (RR120) dye under optimal conditions with limited substrate available. Substrate inhibition kinetics were investigated, and, based on the best model, Aiba, the maximum growth rate was 0.795 h–1, while the saturation constant and inhibitory constant were 0.185% and 0.14%, respectively. In addition, the influence of various metal ions on the growth and decolorization rate of this bacterial consortium on RR120 was investigated. Chromium showed the weakest effect on the decolorization of 200 ppm RR120, with 73.5% removal and bacterial growth of 11.461 log CFU mL–1. Zinc yielded the second weakest effect, followed by silver and lead, with percentages of RR120 decolorization of 63.8%, 54.6% and 50.5%, respectively. Meanwhile, cadmium, arsenic and copper reduced the decolorization of RR120 in consortium JR3 by half. Mercury strongly inhibited decolorization by 32.5%. Based on the least inhibited heavy metal in RR120 decolorization activity of consortium JR3, the best inhibitory kinetic model was Levenspiel, with a maximum growth rate of 0.632 h–1, while the saturation constant and inhibitory constants were 15.08% and 0.5783%, respectively. The metal-tolerant azo dye-degrading bacterial consortium will be very useful in dye remediation in metal-laden polluted environments.

Abstract Higher education students are frequently required to assess lecturers with a convenient, fast, and anonymous learning management system. Following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak, Universiti Teknologi MARA Malaysia (UiTM) adopted a remote teaching and learning approach. This study examined how lecturers’ professionalism, course impression, and facilitating conditions at UiTM affected undergraduate and graduate students’ remote learning pre- and mid-pandemic. The higher prediction accuracy of the model demonstrated that students’ remote learning activities were highly related to lecturers’ professionalism, course impression, and facilitating conditions. The structural model demonstrated that the t-statistics of all measurement variables were significant at 1%. The strongest predictor of students’ enjoyment of remote learning pre- and mid-pandemic was lecturers’ professionalism. In the importance-performance matrix, lecturers’ professionalism was in the quadrant for ‘keep up the good work’. Facilitating conditions and course impression did not require further improvement even during the pandemic. The influence of remote learning was demonstrated in the students’ graduation rates and grades. The results also presented theoretical and practical implications for the UiTM hybrid learning plan post-pandemic.

Supply-side fiscal policy holds that the growth of the country is stimulated through fiscal expansion designed to foster increased production. Subsidies given by the government to producers save many essential industries from higher cost of production thus encouraging them to increase supply of goods and services. On the other hand, subsidies provided to the public have benefitted them from paying higher prices for consumer products thus enhancing their welfare. However, these subsidies and incentives may promote overproduction and encourage overconsumption since cost of production becomes much cheaper after being subsidized. This has consequences on the consumer environmental awareness (CEA) as excessive use of certain products e.g. fuel, may result in environmental pollution. Using a systematic literature review, we explore subsidy and environmental awareness among consumers. We focus on environmental awareness as an interesting issue to bring forward in this research and our study contributes to the existing literature. The results of our study imply that the provision of subsidies on fuels resulted in excessive use of self-transport which has an impact on climate change. However, in other cases, green subsidies do benefit society in general. High environmental awareness can be decisive in influencing green purchasing behaviour, resulting in high demand for green products.

Supporting digital technology used in teaching and learning, video has opened a new opportunity for bringing a traditional learning environment to enhance learning. The use of video through mobile applications has changed the methods and techniques of acquiring knowledge in the education field in almost all subjects such as language, science and mathematics. This changing technique offers innovative opportunities for both teachers and students to enhance language learning through technology. Previous literature has shown a respectable number of studies related to the use of video in mobile applications applied in various subjects, resulting in enormous advantages to the learners at school. Thus, the goal of this preliminary study is to identify the teaching and learning in Arabic language and to examine what is teachers done to increase in mastering Arabic vocabulary among students. This study also aimed to see teachers’ perception toward the use of video through mobile application in teaching and learning for Arabic language that can be used as guide developing an application product for the subject of the Arabic language. An online interview had been conducted among teachers from two different religious secondary schools in Penang for data collection. Findings showed that the teachers still use conventional teaching in class and only use the technology during online class. Most teachers agreed that the use of video through mobile applications can be used to improve learners’ language learning and it is most suitable to apply in the learning of the Arabic language for a secondary school in Malaysia.

The batik industry has been one of the main family businesses in most of the east-coast region of the Malaysian peninsula for many years. However, appropriate water treatment is still a major challenge for this industry. Stringent laws introduced by the Malaysian authorities and the intention to protect the environment are factors that drive researchers to search for suitable, appropriate, affordable and efficient treatment of batik wastewater. Treatment research on batik wastewater is still lacking and coagulation-flocculation treatment using alum was introduced and chosen as a stepping stone toward the selection of green coagulants. This study aimed to determine the best conditions for alum flocculation-coagulation using a standard jar test method. Four main factors were investigated: alum dosage (0.1–3.5 g/L), pH (4–11), settling time (0.5–24 h) and rapid mixing rate (100–300 rpm). Results obtained were further analysed statistically using SPSS software prior to determining the significant effect of variable changes. From this study, the best conditions for batik wastewater treatment using the flocculation-coagulation process were found to be at alum dosage of 1.5 g/L, pH 8, 4 h settling time and a rapid mixing rate of 100 rpm. Chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity, colour and total suspended solids (TSS) were removed by 70.7, 92.2, 88.4 and 100%, respectively, under these conditions. This study showed that batik wastewater can be treated by the coagulation-flocculation process using chemical means of alum. This indicates the need for forthcoming developments in natural-based-coagulant-flocculants toward the sustainability of the batik industry.

Scrotoschisis is an uncommon congenital urogenital anomaly with a defect in the scrotum causing protrusion of testis through the scrotal wall. This is the 20th case reported and 1st from Indonesia. A male newborn admitted with a complaint mass protruding from his left hemiscrotum. Mass was described with spherical shaped, red base, yellowish membrane, smooth and firm boundaries with no sign of testicular torsion. Patient was diagnosed with left unilateral scrotoschisis. Patient was managed with surgical debridement, scrotal exploration and orchidopexy. The patient was managed with drain insertion to monitor signs of infections. Patient was stable and discharged, hence testicular function monitoring was planned in line with further growth assessment.

Urban industrialization has caused a ubiquity of microplastics in the environment. A large percentage of plastic waste originated from Southeast Asian countries. Microplastics arising from the primary sources of personal care items and industrial uses and the fragmentation of larger plastics have recently garnered attention due to their ubiquity. Due to the rising level of plastic waste in the environment, the bioaccumulation and biomagnification of plastics threaten aquatic and human life. Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents are one of the major sources of these plastic fragments. WWTPs in Southeast Asia contribute largely to microplastic pollution in the marine environment, and thus, further technological improvements are required to ensure the complete and efficient removal of microplastics. Coagulation is a significant process in removing microplastics, and natural coagulants are far superior to their chemical equivalents due to their non-toxicity and cost-effectiveness. A focused literature search was conducted on journal repository platforms, mainly ScienceDirect and Elsevier, and on scientific databases such as Google Scholar using the keywords Wastewater Treatment Plant, Coagulation, Microplastics, Marine Environment and Southeast Asia. The contents and results of numerous papers and research articles were reviewed, and the relevant papers were selected. The relevant findings and research data are summarized in this paper. The paper reviews (1) natural coagulants for microplastic removal and their effectiveness in removing microplastics and (2) the potential use of natural coagulants in Southeast Asian wastewater treatment plants as the abundance of natural materials readily available in the region makes it a feasible option for microplastic removal.