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Anger is a topic that requires intervention from teachers, counsellors, psychologists, parents, and all communities. The expressions of anger are subjective and sometimes hard to identify. Thus, anger should be measured more objectively, while the expressions need to be examined closely. The purpose of this study is to provide valid confirmation for development of an online instrument to measure the types of anger expression among adolescents. Data were collected from 935 adolescents from nine schools in northern Malaysia and the theoretical literature search. The data were analysed to provide evidence of construct validity in terms of item factor analysis, reliability estimates, and correlation between the types of anger expressions. Findings were used to develop an online Adolescent Anger Instrument. It measures five types of anger expressions, namely, physical, verbal, intrinsic, extrinsic, and passive. The results showed that the instrument is internally consistent with high evidence of construct validity. Exploratory factor analysis, with varimax rotation, suggested the existence of five distinct types of anger as conceptualised. Meanwhile, the correlation between types of anger expressions indicates the strength of the relationship between them. Discussions on the findings are provided, while suggestions for future research are also described.

The transition from school to the institute of higher learning is a challenging phase that requires students to adapt to new environments and cultures. This study aimed to explore the adaptation experiences of first-year students at the Institute of Teacher Education by using storytelling through drawing. This study involved 18 students pursuing the Bachelor of Education Preparatory Programme at the Institute of Teacher Education in Malaysia with low levels of adaptation identified through Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire (SACQ). The qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings showed that the first-year students at the Institute of Teacher Education experiencing adaptation challenge in four main themes: academic, social, personal, and interest. The findings of this study are expected to contribute towards the formation and development of appropriate interventions to assist the well-being of first-year students at the Institute of Teacher Education, Malaysia, in adapting to the new environment.

Individuals with choleric temperaments easily get angry and can be problematic if not expressed appropriately. The purpose of this study was to identify gender differences in anger expressions among secondary school students. Respondents were secondary school students in four states in the Northern region of Malaysia. A total of 3348 students were involved, including 1,800 males and 1,548 females. Respondents aged between 13 and 16 were randomly selected from 20 secondary schools. Descriptive analyses and t-test were used to identify anger expressions among secondary school students. Findings showed that 780 respondents agreed that they are hot-tempered, while 2568 others did not. From the 780 hot-tempered respondents, 370 are males and 410 are females. A total of 3160 from the 3348 respondents did not meet their school counsellors for counselling sessions when they had anger problems. The findings also revealed a significant difference in four types of anger expressions between male and female students. They were in aggressive, verbal, intrinsic anger expression, and intrinsic anger control. The findings revealed that school counsellors need to equip students with specific, creative, and innovative interventions to cope with different anger expression.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the different levels of transformational leadership between male and female principals and their relationships with teachers' Innovative Work Behavior (IWB) in Malaysian secondary schools. In total, 477 teachers from various secondary schools were randomly selected as respondents (218 are working under female principals, while 259 of them are under male principals). This study revealed that the respondents agree that male principals practice transformational leadership higher than female principals. However, the female principals were highly influential on the teachers' IWB compared to their male counterparts. This study provides a glimpse of the teachers' innovative behavior improvement resulted from transformational leadership by male and female school principals.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess the psychometric properties of the Flourishing Scale (FS) by employing samples of Malaysian and Indonesian undergraduates. In addition, the present study seeks to identify aspects of the social-psychological functioning that were perceived differently by both samples. Design/methodology/approach: The present study employs the descriptive design to provide descriptions about psychometric properties of the FS. In total, 351 first-year undergraduates were employed as samples of the study. The authors employed the Rasch measurement model framework using the quantitative approach to analyze the data. Findings: Generally, the results showed that the FS demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties for both samples. However, the Malaysian and Indonesian samples differ significantly in half of the social-psychological functioning aspects. Research limitations/implications: One limitation of the study was the relatively small sample size students in one higher education institution in each country. In addition, in both countries, the undergraduates demonstrated obligatory roles toward their lecturers. Therefore, their response might not be truthful and only respond as requested. Originality/value: Whilst social psychological functioning has been identified as important aspects of well-being, the construct has yet to be studied in the eastern culture in Malaysia and Indonesia.

The mental health of economically disadvantaged college students in China is notably inferior to that of their non-disadvantaged peers. As such, these students necessitate a broader spectrum of psychological support beyond mere financial assistance. Seligman's PERMA theory has established a compelling association between social support and positive emotions with subjective well-being. However, there is a scarcity of research focusing on character strengths within this framework, particularly the mechanisms that underlie their relationship. Hence, this study aims to examine the relationship between character strengths and subjective well-being among Chinese impoverished college students, while also delving into the chain mediating roles of perceived social support and positive emotions. Methods: A convenience sampling method was employed to collect cross-sectional data from impoverished college students. Participants (N=336, Mean age=20.67) were assessed using four instruments: the Chinese Virtues Questionnaire (CVQ-96), the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Results: Character strengths, perceived social support, positive emotions, and subjective well-being were all significantly positively correlated with each other (p< 0.01). In addition, regression analysis indicated that character strengths positively predicted perceived social support (β=0.71, p< 0.001), positive emotions (β=0.44, p< 0.001), and subjective well-being (β=0.52, p< 0.001). Perceived social support positively predicted positive emotions (β=0.34, p< 0.001), and subjective well-being (β=0.44, p< 0.001). Positive emotions positively predicted subjective well-being (β=0.88, p< 0.001). Furthermore, chain mediation analysis revealed that character strengths influenced subjective well-being both directly and indirectly through perceived social support and positive emotions. Conclusion: Perceived social support and positive emotions play a chain mediating role between character strengths and subjective well-being among impoverished college students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research Paper Writing (RPW) plays a key role in completing all research work. Poor writing could lead to the postponement of publications. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a program of (RPW) to improve RPW ability for EFL/ESL writers, especially for undergraduate students in Higher Education (HE) institutions, which has caught less attention of curriculum developers so far. Therefore, this study aims to determine the core components of (RPW) program perceived as essential for EFL/ESL undergraduate students using Process Genre Approach (PGA) to develop a program of RPW. The Delphi Technique (DT) was used to validate those components through the interviews of experts including two boards of ten experienced and qualified lecturers of TESOL and curriculum studies in Can Tho University (CTU) in Vietnam and Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). The results revealed that the core components of RPW program for EFL/ESL undergraduate students were determined and confirmed. This paper is therefore believed to make a great contribution to practical applications for RPW program developers, lecturers, undergraduate and postgraduate students in EFL/ESL contexts.

This study aims to determine to what extent adult Indonesians and Malaysians self-disclose COVID-19 related information during the pandemic. Using an online survey, the study obtained quantitative data in understanding the five dimensions of self-disclosure—amount, valency, accuracy, intention, and intimacy as suggested by Devito. Using descriptive statistics and analysis (mean scores, percentages, and frequencies), the findings demonstrate the patterns and behaviours of Indonesians and Malaysians in self-disclosing COVID-19 related information against the demographic background of respondents' academic qualification, gender, employment, education, ethnicity, and age. Findings indicate that, generally, Malaysians are more open than the Indonesian when it comes to disclosing sensitive information during the pandemic. Several unique findings seem to indicate the potential of a new understanding of self-disclosure, as well as of altering theories in this field. Nevertheless, more studies are needed before making a strong claim on theorizing of a new way of framing self-disclosure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internal strength is to determine if one can trust themselves to make their own decisions and be responsible for their own actions. While psychological well-being is related to how one feels satisfied with themselves, know they are in control of their life, and their goals to survive. The aim of this study were to examine the differences and relationships between inner strength and psychological well-being of students in Malaysia and Indonesia. A total of 407 students from each country were involved. For Malaysia, there were 162 boys and 245 girls and for Indonesia a total of 186 boys and 221 girls were involved in this study. Questionnaires were distributed to school students ranging age from 13 to 18 year olds. Paired sample t-test and Pearson correlation used to analyze the difference and relationship of inner strength and psychological well-being. Findings showed no significant difference between inner strength and psychological well-being of students from Malaysia and Indonesia. Hence, it has a positive relationship between inner strength and psychological well-being among students in both countries during the Covid-19 pandemic. Being similarly in some aspects gives implications to educational institutions in both countries to foster inner strength in order to develop psychological well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This experimental study was conducted based on two main objectives. First, to measure the effect of Development and Treatment Group Counseling (KKPR) on self-concept between treatment groups and control groups. Second, to measure the impact of Development and Treatment Group Counseling (KKPR) on self-concept between marathon treatment groups, weekly treatment groups and control groups. A total of 60 subjects were divided into three groups consists of weekly treatment group, Marathon treatment group and control group. Pre-test and post-test data were collected through Multidimensional Self Concept Scale and analyzed descriptively and inferentially through statistical test of mean, MANCOVA and Post-Hoc Tukey at the significance level of 0.05. The results showed that first, was significantly effective in increasing self-concept of subjects in treatment group compared to the subjects in control group. Second, KKPR more effective on the weekly treatment group compared to the marathon treatment group. As a conclusion, KKPR is effective to improve self-concept among the subjects in treatment group. Overall, the outcomes of this study give a new perspective theoretically and practically in the field of counseling and psychology in order to address the delinquent behavior among students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: The main goal of this study is to assess depression symptoms and resilience among students in Malaysia. This study administered The Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) and Resilience Scale 14 (RS-14) to 560 students from five secondary schools. Descriptive statistics were employed to calibrate the symptoms of depression according to their severity. Meanwhile, independent sample t-tests and one-way ANOVA were employed to examine differences in gender, school locations and ethnicity on depression. Pearson correlation was used to examine the relationship between resilience and depression among students. Results showed that feeling guilty was the most severe depression symptoms followed by self-accusation and punishment. In contrast, weight loss and suicidal ideation were the two least endorsed symptoms of depression by the students. The study reported significant differences in the mean score of depression between gender and no significant difference in the depression scores in terms of locations and ethnicity. The results also reported a low negative correlation between depression and resilience (r =-.219). Symptoms of guilt, self-accusation and punishment are common among depressed students who had lower resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study examines the psychometric characteristics of a translated version of the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI - II) among Malaysian school students. Methods: The sample consisted of 257 boys and 302 girls. This study employed WINSTEPS 3.74 to provide statistics and other information from Rasch Model analysis, namely, the fit statistics, dimensionality analysis, rating scale analysis, reliability and separation indices, differential item functioning analysis, and distribution of items difficulty and students' ability. Results: Rating scale analysis showed that category 2 and category 3 of the ratings were not different. Meanwhile, Item 19 did not fit the model's expectations; and thus, it was omitted from further analyses. The scale demonstrated a high person reliability and a high person separation index. There were no items demonstrating gender DIF. The school students endorsed feeling guilty as the least severe symptom of depression, while committing suicide as the most serious symptom. Conclusion: In general, the BDI-II demonstrated acceptable properties in measuring depression symptoms among school students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to identify the self-esteem level, symptoms and the effect of Cognitive Restructuring Technique (CRT) in improving self-esteem. This is a single case study involving a 17- year-old female adolescent selected via purposive sampling. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used in data collection. Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSES) was used to identify the client's self-esteem level, while interviews and observations using Mental Status Examination (MSE) were conducted to gather in-depth data on symptoms and the effectiveness of CRT. Six counseling sessions were conducted with the client. The difference between pre-test and post-test level was analyzed while categories and themes from qualitative data were developed using content analysis. Results showed that there was an increase in the client's self-esteem level as in post-test II, the score level of selfetsteem was moderate while in post-test III, the score level was high. Three categories of self-esteem symptoms were identified which are emotion, cognitive and behavior. Results also showed that CRT is effective in helping female adolescent with low self-esteem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The aim of this research is to identify the relationship between learning skills and academic achievements among the students of multi-ability in the Kerian district, Perak. It is also to identify whether there are differences in learning skill between gender, in terms of variations in achievements and location of schools. There are 180 form four students representing two different locations of schools involved in this research. A set of questionnaires comprising of two parts is used in this research. The first part contains the respondent's demographic information such as name of school and gender. The second part contains question on learning skills. The Pearson correlation test is applied to determine the relationship between learning skills and academic achievements, t-test is to find out the differences in learning skills between gender and locations of two schools, while ANOVA test is used to find out the difference in learning skills among students with multi-ability. The results of t-test shows that there is no significant difference between learning skills among students of different gender and location of schools. Result of ANOVA shows that there is a difference in the learning skills among students of multi-ability achievements in academic. The results of Pearson correlation test shows that there is a positive relationship between learning skills and academic achievement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]