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Security concerns in residential and working environments are more critical than ever, yet traditional door locks that rely on physical keys still hold significant vulnerabilities. Those key risks include loss, misplacement, or copying and may result in unauthorized access. Moving into Industry 4.0, there is great potential to integrate IoT technology to create a far more sophisticated and resilient door access system to handle such concerns. This paper analyze the design and development of a new IoT-based smart lock system enhancing security with fingerprint recognition, RFID technology, and application control via Wi-Fi as an additional to conventional lock such as kill switch and also front desk switch. In the discussed system, the ESP8266 microcontroller is used for wireless communication. Then, Virtuino IoT applications provided the function for real-time monitoring, while HiveMQ MQTT broker secured data transmissions. Therefore, the electromagnetic locking mechanism at the door was improved by using multi-layer access control. As mentioned, the methodology would provide an integration of critical hardware parts, such as NodeMCU ESP8266, Arduino Uno and electromagnetic locks, with robust software solutions in terms of secure communication and control. Once developed, the system architecture will be simulated and tested for its effectiveness in achieving better security and operational efficiency. The opted multi-layered security system can be beneficial to residential and working environment and is designed to overcome the limitations of conventional locks. Thus, enhancing the implementation of IoT-based security solutions in everyday life.

Abstract Background TREM-1 (setting off receptor imparted on myeloid cells-1) is an immunoreceptor. Neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, and endothelial cells all express TREM-1. This work aimed to evaluate the role of STREM-1 in ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) early prediction in pediatrics. Methods This case–control research involved 56 children aged from 1 month to 5 years old, who were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and needed mechanical ventilation (MV), from January 2023 to June 2023. Subjects were equally allocated into two groups: VAP group and non-VAP group. Results There was significantly elevated serum STREM-1 after 72 h than at admission between both groups. There was significantly elevated STREM-1, procalcitonin (PCT), and C-reactive protein (CRP) after 72 h in the VAP group compared to the non-VAP group. There was a positive correlation between PCT and CRP after 72 h. STREM-1 at admission and after 72 h area under the curve (AUC) was 0.641 (0.502 to 0.765), 1.000 (0.936 to 1.000), with best cut-off value for prediction of VAP was > 185, > 230 with sensitivity 53.6%, 100% and specificity 67.9%, 100%, respectively. Conclusion Serum sTREM-1 concentration is a reliable biomarker for predicting VAP in pediatrics received MV.

Abstract Background COVID-19 leads to severe overwhelming inflammation in some patients mediated by various cytokines (cytokine storm) that usually leads to severe illness accompanied by cardiovascular manifestations. Growth differentiation factor-15 is a cytokine induced by stress and is associated with inflammatory processes in the lung and heart. This study aimed to measure the level of serum growth differentiation factor (GDF-15) in children with COVID-19 and to correlate it with the disease severity, cardiac affection, and the outcome of COVID-19. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 144 children; 72 children diagnosed with COVID-19, and 72 healthy children. The severity of COVID-19 was assessed clinically, laboratory, and radiologically. Echocardiography was done within 48 h of admission for COVID-19 patients. Serum GDF-15 was measured by ELISA for both patients and controls. Results Serum GDF-15 level was significantly higher in patients with COVID-19 than in controls (p

China-ASEAN relations have experienced remarkable growth and transformation over the past few decades, driven by China's emergence as a global economic powerhouse and ASEAN's dynamic regional integration efforts. However, the South China Sea issue has cast a persistent shadow over their economic partnership. This paper examines the economic relations between China and ASEAN and the impact of the issue on these relations. Employing a multi-faceted approach, the paper finds that the South China issue had a negative impact on China-ASEAN economic relations, leading to tensions and disputes, a potential economic loss, a hindered economic integration, and a more cautious approach from ASEAN countries in their economic relations with China.

Purpose: The gastrointestinal tract (GI) of organically fed desi chickens fosters a microbiota that can exclude pathogens and be potentially probiotic for improving the gut health of commercial chickens. Methods: A panel of strains were selectively cultured from desi chicken intestine and screened for their antagonism towards specific pathogens. Treating the culture free supernatant (CFS) of such strains with NaOH and proteases gives a picture of the antibacterial compound's biochemistry and determining its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) provides a measure of potency. The most strongly antagonistic strains were tested in vitro for surviving the chicken GIT. Safety was examined using mucin degradation, gelatin liquefaction, hemolysis, antibiotic susceptibility and biogenic amine production. An in vivo trial was done on young male Ross chickens to evaluate the performance of a bespoke synbiotic formulation comprising of an Enterococcus durans strain (1x108 CFUg−1) with prebiotics Dextran or Levan (0.1% w/v) and with both and assessing its impact on broiler gut microbiota, body and carcass weight, histopathology of organ tissues, and biochemical markers. Results: A panel of Enterococcus spp. (NPL1315-NPL1334) was obtained and the selected strains (NLP-1319, 20, 24, 27, 34) showed good bile, acid and phenol survival, and cell surface hydrophobicity but not autoaggregation and none of them were deemed unsafe. The synbiotic-fed chickens were significantly heavier, with lowered serum cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose levels and a lesser load of pathogens than the controls. Conclusion: Desi chicken intestine can be a viable source of probiotics with good antagonistic potential capable of replacing antibiotics in poultry feed.

One of the global challenges is the increasing amount of waste generation. In Indonesia, there is an average increase in waste of around 7.02% after a year. Efforts to reduce waste generation are a very important issue. The impact of waste generation can reduce environmental quality and even have a bad impact on health. The Tabalong Regency Government is one of the districts that seek to overcome the waste problem, changing the paradigm of waste management by issuing local regulations regarding waste management is a step that is trying to be implemented. The research was conducted in Tabalong Regency, South Kalimantan Province, using a descriptive qualitative approach and to analyze the phenomena that occurred then analyze them using an interactive model to find an analysis of community-based waste management in Tabalong Regency. The research was conducted by interviewing the Head of the Tabalong Environmental Service with a dissertation of supporting documents accessed through the National Waste Management System page. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the Tabalong Regency government has committed to waste management to support national waste management policies to reduce waste generation. The commitment of the Tabalong Regency Government is contained in Regional Regulation Number 14 of 2017 concerning Waste Management with an emphasis on community participation as an effort to reduce waste from the source. The Waste Bank and TPS 3R programs involve community participation in waste management.

Monitoring plant growth is a crucial agricultural duty. In addition, the prevention of plant diseases is an essential component of the agricultural infrastructure. This technique must be automated to keep up with the rising food demand caused by increasing population expansion. This work evaluates this business, specifically the production of maize, which is a significant source of food worldwide. Ensure that Mazie's yields are not damaged is a crucial endeavour. Diseases affecting maize plants, such as Common Rust and Blight, are a significant production deterrent. To reduce waste and boost production and disease detection efficiencies, the automation of disease detection is a crucial strategy for the agricultural sector. The optimal solution is a self-diagnosing system that employs machine learning and computer vision to distinguish between damaged and healthy plants. The workflow for machine learning consists of data collection, data preprocessing, model selection, model training and testing, and evaluation.

Traditional car rental systems are cumbersome for both consumers and rental companies due to the manual and time-consuming nature of the process. This work proposes the integration of a car rental system using mobile app administration and IoT (accident detection system) to address this issue. The system consists of an e-commerce platform and an IoT-powered Accident Detection System. The e-commerce platform enables users to rent automobiles and make payments online, while the Accident Detection System assists car owners in identifying any incidents involving rented vehicles. A Google survey conducted among the IIUM community (consisting primarily of students and staff) revealed that 96% of users and 100% of vehicle owners are in favour of a mobile application for car rentals and the installation of an accident detection system in rental cars. Through simulation, seat belt detection and accident detection have been developed, and future include implementing real-time monitoring using IoT technology to monitor rental compliance, locate vehicles requiring maintenance, and locate stolen vehicles. The proposed system has the potential to make automobile rental services more convenient and secure.

The Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized the way devices communicate and interact with one another. Malaysia has witnessed a substantial increase in online purchasing in recent years. The COVID-19 pandemic and the Malaysian government's mobility control order (MCO) have contributed to the rise in online sales. This circumstance has resulted in a substantial increase in the number of packages that Malaysian delivery firms must manage, producing issues for both homeowners and delivery services. Unattended parcel delivery, parcel loss, and unsuccessful delivery efforts have become widespread. This paper proposes an IoT-based Parcel Delivery Alert System to address the challenges associated with unattended parcel delivery, parcel loss, and failed delivery attempts. The system comprises a parcel safe box that integrates with IoT sensors, such as weight and load sensors, image sensors, and light sensors. The IoT sensors provide real-time information about the delivery status and alert the recipient once the delivery has been made. The system's efficiency and effectiveness were evaluated using the MARS simulator, demonstrating a significant improvement in parcel delivery performance. This paper presents the design, development, and simulation of an IoT-based Parcel Delivery Alert System that can enhance the delivery experience while minimizing delivery-related problems. The paper describes the design and development of the parcel safe box and the eventual evolution of the system. One can acquire access to the safe box by scanning the tracking number on the package's delivery label using a QR code.

Ankle injury is one of the physical injuries that commonly occur during physical related activities, especially in sports. Currently, there are established treatments for ankle rehabilitation at the hospital. This treatment involves range of motion exercises and endurance exercises. However, current treatment requires patients to visit to hospital frequently which is very repetitive in nature. Ankle rehabilitation robots are developed to enhance ankle strength, flexibility and proprioception after injury and promote motor learning and ankle plasticity in patients with drop foot. This article reviews the types of actuators used in ankle rehabilitation and discusses the evolution of industrial robotics towards rehabilitation.

The design of a full adder involves the use of logic gates so that the design can convert 8 inputs to create a byte-wide adder and to force the carry bit to the other adder. However, the uses of multiplexers to replace the logic gates in the construction of the full adder is proven to be possible due to the function of the multiplexers to act as the digital switch in the system that provides the flow of digital information from multiple inputs into an output. This research aims to explore the possibility of implementing the multiplexers into the design of the full adder and to analyse the different possible full adder design using the multiplexers. Using the multiplexers also allows for fewer logic gates to be used in the design of the full adder, which reduces the overall area coverage of the full adder. However, adding multiplexers does not make a complete adder more efficient and may slow it down. Thus, this article compares a conventional full adder with logic gates, a full adder with two 2:1 multiplexers, and a full adder with six 2:1 multiplexers in terms of power usage, time delay of the Sum and Carry outputs, and technology (0.6 μm).

The decrease of surface area is a critical concern for any type of digital circuit. For example, the VLSI approach is used to lower the chip's size, which increases both the device's density and its performance. When it comes to digital circuits, a full adder circuit is a crucial part of any arithmetic processor. A computer, or any other type of computer, will have this component. Most arithmetic operations performed as of now are 64 bits. As a result, we need a sizable amount of room to complete this procedure. We can also take use of these advantages even if we increase the number of bits that need to be processed in parallel. This research attempts to demonstrate how a 4-bit CMOS-based full adder circuit is designed and simulated using Microwind and DSCH at various technology levels. It is then compared to determine if the transistor size may help achieve those benefits. Afterwards. A four-bit binary addition is the goal of the circuit that was built. A 4-bit full adder may be built using a totally automated CMOS design process. The concept and layout of a 4-bit full adder are developed in the initial CMOS design. With nodes of 90, 65 and 45 nm, the designs are produced and modelled utilizing technology. Digital integrated circuits with smaller nodes perform better when compared to those with larger ones, according to simulation findings and distinct outputs.