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Abstract Concrete, as a cornerstone of modern construction, heavily relies on the quality of its constituent materials, particularly aggregates. Among the critical factors contributing to high-quality concrete are proper gradation, absence of clay particles, and angular shape of aggregates. Adhering to these standards typically results in concrete with superior strength. However, aggregates sourced from riverbeds often possess a natural gradation, contain clay particles, and have rounded shapes. This study delves into a comparative analysis of aggregates sourced from two widely utilized riverbed regions, namely Hari-River and Kamar-Kalaq, situated within Herat province, Afghanistan. Given that over 90% of concrete in Herat province is sourced from these two riverbeds, the findings of this study carry immense significance. The research meticulously examines key parameters, including clay content, gradation, aggregate shape, and compressive strength, to determine the optimal choice for concrete production. Methodologically, samples were acquired following ASTM standards, and rigorous testing procedures were conducted, encompassing clay particle analysis, sieve analysis, and strength testing. The results reveal significant disparities between the two regions, with Hari-River demonstrating superior characteristics across various metrics. Particularly noteworthy is Hari-River’s lower clay content of 2.7% compared to Kamar-Kalaq’s 3.7%. The gradation of Hari-River for both coarse and fine aggregates is superior to that of Kamar-Kalaq when compared to size 67 aggregate range. Additionally, the average 28 days concrete compressive strength of Hari-River aggregates is 27.8 MPa, while that of Kamar-Kalaq is 23.4 MPa.

"Research Findings:" Executive Function (EF) and Early Math (EM) are foundational skills for children's school success. Interventions have shown to foster these skills, but their effectiveness in less developed countries remains unknown. This study examined the initial efficacy of an eight-week EF and an EM skills program for young Iranian children at risk for mathematical difficulties. Participants included 88 five- to six-year-old children who were randomly assigned into three conditions: Business-As-Usual (BAU) control group, EF training group, or an EM training group. The experimental groups received 24 sessions over two months. In the EF group, children had significantly higher working memory and planning scores at posttest, which were stable five months later. No significant group difference was found on inhibitory control. In the EM group, children demonstrated stronger math performance compared to BAU children at the posttest and follow-up, suggesting stable math improvement. There was no significant effect of EF training on math performance or significant effect of math training on EF skills. "Practice or Policy:" Findings suggest that the EF training was related to stronger EF and EM training was related to better math performance. However, there were no significant transfer effects of EF on math and vice versa.

Background: Since teenage pregnancy is one of the major challenges for healthcare systems worldwide and can pose risks to the health of young mothers and their infants, the present study was conducted to identify the Identifying the causes and consequences of pregnancy in Iranian Kurdish women under the age of 18. Method: The present qualitative research was conducted using the grounded theory method among women with experience of pregnancy under the age of 18 and key informants who had experience and knowledge in this field. Data were collected through semi-structured face-to-face interviews with 26 women and 17 key informants who were selected through purposive, snowball, and theoretical sampling methods. Sampling continued until theoretical saturation. The data were collected and analyzed for 8 months, from November 2021 to June 2022. Data analysis was performed based on the approach of Strauss and Corbin in the MAXQDA-2018 software environment. The Guba and Lincoln criteria were observed to ensure the trustworthiness of the data and results. Results: After the data analysis and coding process, the conceptual model of causes and consequences of pregnancy in adolescents emerged, including 1) predisposing conditions (sociocultural factors: Social learning, misconceptions about fertility and childbirth, preventing stigma), 2) causal conditions (individual factors: lack of knowledge on how to prevent pregnancy, improper use of contraceptives, inadequate knowledge about the risks of pregnancy in adolescence, fear of the side effects of using contraceptives, filling the vacuum of loneliness, family factors: husband's and his family's pressure, committing her husband to life, consolidating her position in family), 3) intervening conditions (structural factors: no barriers to pregnancy, difficult access to contraceptives), 4) strategies and interactions (positive reactions: trying to prepare herself for raising a child, taking better care of herself and her child, negative reactions: trying to kill herself and the kid, fear and concealment), and 5) consequences (destructive consequences: threats to the health of the child, threat to mother's health, inadequate access to health services, constructive consequences: increase of support, strengthen the sense of empowerment). Conclusion: Pregnancy in adolescence is influenced by socio-cultural, family, personal, and structural factors that can lead to positive and negative consequences for women, which in most cases make the lives and health of them and their children difficult. The findings of the study can be used in the areas of health and social policy, program planning, and designing interventions and educational programs aimed at changing beliefs and cultural attitudes related to pregnancy under the age of 18 at the individual, family, and societal levels.

Introduction Mahiroud volcano-plutonic complex as an anticline (Lahnu-Mahiroud) forms a part of the Sistan suture zone (SiSuZ), and lies in the northern part of the Sistan suture zone (SiSuZ). According to Tirrul et al. (1983), the Mahiroud complex, which includes a series of metamorphosed intrusive and extrusive rocks, is related to the rifting of the ocean, and they also believe that the general nature of this complex is ophiolitic, but because layered gabbros and ultramafic rocks do not outcrop, this issue is not certain. Delavari et al. (2017) by studying the volcanic rocks of southern Gazik in the vicinity of the Mahiroud volcano-plutonic complex, believe these rocks belong to the magmatism of the island arc. Also, Keshtgar et al. (2019) studied the tonalitic stock of the Mahiroud volcano-plutonic complex and attributed these rocks to the environment above the subduction zones, especially the present-day island arc (IAT). The main purpose of the present study is to study and to determine the tectonomagmatism of the volcanic rocks of the Mahiroud volcano-plutonic complex. Regional Geology The oldest rocks of the studied area related to the ophiolitic and ultrabasic rocks of the Lower Cretaceous, and after that, the volcano-plutonic rocks of Mahiroud along with sandstone, limestone and shales of the Upper Cretaceous were exposed. The sequences of flysch sediments from Paleocene to Pliocene exist in this area, so that the Oligo-Miocene magmatism can also be seen in it. The largest outcrop of the Mahiroud complex is located in the southern part of this belt and consisting of two parts: (1) The western part, which mainly includes pillow lava, andesite, tuff, and conglomerate. (2) The eastern part, including a complex of sheeted dykes and diabase trending approximately north - south. Analytical Methods 50 samples of the rocks under study with the least amount of weathering and alteration were collected from which, 20 thin sections were prepared for microscopic studies. Among these samples, 11 samples were selected for ICP-MS geochemical analysis for minor elements and AF-01-Lithium Fusion for major elements at the Zarazma Laboratory in Tehran. GCDkit, Excel and Corel Draw software were used to check the chemical results. Petrography The rocks of the studied area include volcanic rocks ranging from andesite- basalt, basalt and diabase, crosscutting by a tonalitic stock of Upper Cretaceous (Keshtgar et al., 2019). The boundary between the sedimentary-volcanic units of this area is mainly fault type and is generally cut by two sets of strike-slip faults in the northwest and northeast directions. The texture of these volcanic rocks is amygdaloid and porphyry. Euhedral, subhedral or anhedral. plagioclase forms a high-volume percentage of these rocks, Also, anhedral and subhedral amphiboles with Carlsbad twins can be seen as micro and macro crystals. Small volume of subhedral. pyroxenes and anhedral alkali feldspars are present. Secondary minerals include sericite, chlorite, epidote, calcite and iron oxide (opaque mineral). Whole Rocks Chemistry The whole rock analysis results of the investigated volcanics show that these rocks are classified as andesite-basalt, subalkali basalt and dacite-rhyodacite, placed mostly in the range of tholeiite series (low potassium) of the volcanic arc. This volcanic group is related to the Raskoh volcanic arc of Pakistan. The (Tb/Yb)N values less than 1.8 of these samples indicate the depth of magma melting in the range of 80 km and less than that from a spinel peridotite source. Therefore, the volcanic rocks of Mahiroud area composed of spinel lherzolite melting and the depth is less than the stability field of garnet in the island arc. Discussion The Mahiroud rocks are related to orogenic and tholeiitic basalts of island arc. Compared to N-MORB, these rocks show enrichment in LILE and depletion of HFSE Enrichment in LILE is one of the characteristics of island arcs, which are formed due to the metasomatized of the subducted plate. Also, the Ce negative anomaly in these volcanic rocks is consistent with the characteristics of the island arc, which is the result of the formation of fluids caused by the melting and dewatering of the pelagic sediments of the subducting oceanic plate. The formation of these MORB-type in the subduction zones indicates the melting caused by the release of pressure and the rise of the mantle; It possibly related to the fracture of the thinned arc crust. Conclusion The volcanic rocks of Mahiroud volcanic-intrusive complex show a range of, andesite-basalt, subalkali basalt and dacite-rhyodacite. The texture of these volcanic rocks is amygdaloid and porphyry type and their constituent minerals are mainly plagioclase, amphibole, pyroxene, and quartz. The geochemical characteristics of the studied volcanics show that the parent magma is tholeiitic nature (low potassium) originated from the melting of spinel peridotite at a depth, lower than the stability field of garnet. In terms of tectonic setting, most of the samples ranging from volcanic arc basalts and are consistent with the samples of the Raskoh volcanic arc of Pakistan.

Quality standards must be established and continually improved through innovations and regular monitoring in medical educational institutions. In addition, medical education must be supported by a quality culture, as well as quality assurance systems. Assuring quality in medical education institutions is a serious concern for policymakers. A major problem is that the quality assurance system is not fully implemented locally, and the institutes lack a robust and comprehensive quality assurance system that can function effectively. These 12 tips provide guidance to medical schools involved in the installation of quality assurance systems. Using these tips will allow medical schools to ensure their quality assurance system reflects their overall mission and goals.

Background Infertility affects about 10% of the global population, imposing significant economic and psychosocial burdens. This systematic review examines disparities in insurance coverage for infertility services worldwide, assessing how these disparities affect access to care and fertility outcomes.Methods For this systematic review, scientific databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Scopus) were searched from the beginning of 1990 to 2022 to identify literature related to insurance coverage for infertility services by health insurance organisations worldwide. Two researchers screened titles and abstracts, extracted data from full-text articles and assessed their quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool.Results 11 studies, primarily from high-income countries, met the inclusion criteria. Findings show a substantial increase in access to infertility services in countries with comprehensive insurance policies, such as the USA, where Medicaid coverage led to a 27% increase in first births among women over 35 years. Disparities in coverage, particularly in advanced treatments such as assisted reproductive technology and in vitro fertilisation (IVF), were notable, with limited coverage in countries such as Japan. Low-income countries generally lack sufficient insurance policies, exacerbating access disparities.Conclusion Insurance coverage policies for infertility services are associated with improved fertility outcomes, especially through increased access to infertility services. However, coverage disparities remain, emphasising the need for comprehensive policies to reduce economic barriers and support equitable access across regions.

Today, power systems are operated close to their stability limits for economic reasons. On the other hand, with the occurrence of outage, the stability of the system has a problem that there are various solutions to compensate. The last and safest way to control and maintain system stability is load shedding. In this paper, under voltage load shedding is presented considering voltage dependent feeders load and also using the improved discrete particle swarm optimization algorithm (IDPSO). Since the load model is particular importance in the real load analysis, the decisions will be applied by considering voltage dependent load modeling. To ensure proper operation, the proposed method has been implemented using MATLAB software on the IEEE 30-bus test system by considering related constraints. For this purpose, two critical loads for the test system are considered and the results are examined. The results show that the proposed method provides the best location and amount of load shedding and indicates its effectiveness.

Abstract Background Women turn to Kolberi for various reasons, which cause numerous challenges for them. Thus, it is imperative to identify these causes and problems. Since no study has ever been undertaken to deal with this participant, the present research aims to identify the causes and consequences of Kolberi among Kurdish women in Iran. Method The present research uses the grounded theory approach to investigate 28 female Kurdish Kolbers. To achieve several participants, purposive, snowball, and theoretical sampling methods were used, while face-to-face semi-structured interviews were used to gather data. The process of data collection and analysis took 10 months, from April to December 2022. The data were analyzed using the Strauss and Corbin method and MAXQDA-20018 software. The Guba and Lincoln criteria were also met to increase the trustworthiness of the results. Findings Analysis of the data led to 143 initial codes, 31 subcategories, and 9 main categories: Causal condition (individual characteristics and economic factors); predisposing conditions (social and cultural factors, familial factors); intervening conditions (advantages and characteristics of Kolberi); strategies (strengthening compatibility with Kolberi); and consequences (individual problems, social problems and positive consequences). Conclusion Measures such as training occupational skills for women and providing employment conditions for them, increasing social, financial, and mental support for women without guardians, creating border markets, and expanding women's handicrafts can help prevent female Kolberi.

BACKGROUND: Nursing education in Iran suffers from challenges such as inadequate training time, non-scientific methods, lack of facilities, and so on. Nursing students can better discuss these issues and identify variables affecting their education. Thus, this study sought to uncover factors affecting education quality from nursing students’ perspectives. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a qualitative study that was conducted on nursing students in 2022. Purposive sampling chose 20 undergraduate nursing students from Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran. The data was acquired using a semi-structured interview. Content analysis was performed using MAXQDA-10 software to extract relevant themes. RESULTS: The factors derived from content analysis were classified into two internal and external main themes and six sub-themes, including professors, students, the university/education department, hospitals, and the educational system. CONCLUSIONS: Analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of trainers and professors in practical programs and teaching new practical teaching methods can effectively enhance the quality of nursing education. Also, giving training and welfare equipment and necessities in educational hospitals and changing the headlines and contents of some nursing courses will improve education quality.

The nickel-bearing laterites of Noorabad area are seen in the high Zagros zone along with Kermanshah ophiolitic complex. The ophiolitic complex in the studied area includes serpentinized peridotites, isotropic gabbros, plagiogranite, sheeted dykes, basaltic lavas, andesite, and radiolarite. The peridotites of this ophiolitic complex include dunite, harzburgite, and lherzolite. The tectonic activities have caused tectonization in these rocks in such a way that it has facilitated their alteration process and created laterite zones. The alterations of peridotite rocks include serpentine, dolomite, hematite, and silicification. The laterite zone is layered and lens-shaped red horizon on peridotite rocks and is covered by Miocene limestones. Based on XRD analysis, mineralogy of the lateritic zone includes dolomite, quartz, smectite, and serpentine. The ratio of La/Y changes indicates that the studied laterites were formed in alkaline pH. According to the discrimination diagrams of the source rock, the studied laterites are karst bauxites with ultrabasic origin. Introduction Laterites are formed in areas with long tectonic stability and low erosion rates (Brand et al., 1998). Usually, the source rock of these laterites is serpentinites. Nickel is washed from the profile upper parts and concentrates in the lower parts, causing the enrichment and formation of nickel-bearing laterites. Most nickel-bearing laterite profiles have two ore types, an oxide component and a hydrous silicate or clay silicate component (Brand et al., 1998). The richest deposits of nickel-bearing laterite are formed where oxide-rich regoliths rise and nickel is washed down to the new silicates in saprolite (absolute accumulation) to be concentrated (Butt & Cluzel, 2013). This study tried to investigate the field geology, mineralogy, lateritization process, and geochemistry of Noorabad laterites (northwest of Lorestan province, Iran). Materials and methods The field operations were carried out in several rounds and led to the collection of 30 samples from serpentines and laterites of the studied area. Then, by preparing 25 thin and polished sections, the geological characteristics of ores, especially their texture and associated minerals, were discussed. Then three soil laterite samples, for mineralogical study by XRD method were sent to the central lab of Lorestan University and 10 rock and soil samples from the laterites of the studied area were sent to the Canadian SGS laboratory for determining the amount of major and minor elements by ICP-MS method. Results The peridotite rocks of Noorabad ophiolite complex in the northwest of Lorestan province include dunite, harzburgite, and lherzolite, which have been strongly affected by alteration. The tectonic activities have caused crushing in these rocks in a way that has facilitated their alteration process and created laterite areas. As a result of different alteration processes such as serpentinization, carbonation, hematitization, and silicification, primary minerals such as olivine, pyroxene, and spinel have been altered and secondary minerals such as serpentine, dolomite, quartz, hematite, and smectite have been formed. The laterite zone is a layered red horizon and in some areas is lenticular, which is located on peridotite rocks. In some areas it is covered by Miocene limestones. In some areas, the secondary fractures of laterites formed by tectonic and diagenesis activities are filled by dolomite and silica. According to XRD analysis, there are dolomite, quartz, hematite, smectite and serpentine group minerals in the laterite section. The chemical analysis of the studied samples shows the nickel content of 381-2660 ppm for Noorabad laterites. According to the discrimination diagrams of source rock, the studied laterites are derived from ultramafic rocks. Moreover, the investigations carried out on the La/Y ratio showed that the formation environment for the studied laterite samples is alkaline. Discussion The peridotite rocks of Kermanshah ophiolite are related to suprasubduction ophiolites (Kiani, 2011). Due to the multi-stage replacement mechanism, these types of peridotites undergo the most serpentine alteration, so that their severe crushing during replacement and their migration on the margins of the continents facilitate the intensity of the altered. The peridotites of northwestern of Lorestan province were altered into serpentine during these alterations in the initial stages, and then underwent carbonate, hematite, and silicification alterations. During these changes, the primary minerals of these peridotites, such as olivine, pyroxene, and spinel, have become secondary minerals. The serpentine minerals are the first group of secondary minerals that were formed. Then, the secondary minerals of the second stage replaced the serpentines in such a way that the minerals of the smectite group can directly replace the serpentine (Dixon, 1989; Nahon et al., 1989; Gaudin et al., 2005). Other minerals are formed by substitution and saturation of other elements and form minerals with simple chemical formula such as quartz, dolomite, and hematite. During the first stages of alteration of peridotite rocks, the main elements Si, Mg, Ca, Fe, and Al were washed from the rock and caused the formation of secondary minerals in the lateritic zone. A significant amount of silica is included in the structure of silicate minerals such as serpentine and smectite, and the rest is filled in fractures in the form of chert and chalcedony. During the weathering process, magnesium-bearing minerals are destroyed and Mg2+ is removed from them, so that some of the magnesium in the serpentine mineral are replaced by Ni2+ (Sagapoa et al., 2011) and nickel-bearing serpentine minerals. The Ca element is removed from the pyroxene group minerals during alteration and enters the structure of smectite minerals or forms dolomite mineral. The Ni element has a positive correlation with the Co, Mg, Cr, and Fe elements, and this correlation can be due to the substitution of nickel instead of these elements in the crystal network of secondary minerals or due to the surface absorption of the mentioned elements by the hematite mineral.

IntroductionBladder cancer is one of the most important diseases that threatens oral and dental health due to its nature and side effects of chemotherapy. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between oral health literacy and oral health-related quality of life in patients with bladder cancer.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with bladder cancer in Ahvaz, 2023. Subjects were selected randomly from the patients those were registered in Cancer Registry Center in Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical sciences and invited to Golestan Hospital for data collection through clinical evaluation, the Oral Health Literacy Adult Questionnaire (OHL-AQ), and the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14PER) questionnaire. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t-test, and analysis of variance.ResultsThe number of participants was 194. The mean oral health literacy in patients with bladder cancer was 9.74 ± 2.39, indicating insufficient oral health literacy. A significant association was observed between OHL-AQ and DMFT index, but no significant association was found between OHIP-14PER and DMFT index. Furthermore, a significant correlation was found between OHL-AQ and OHIP-14PER (r = −0.68) in patients with bladder cancer.ConclusionBased on the findings of the present study, all dimensions of oral health literacy have correlation with the oral health-related quality of life in patients with bladder cancer. Therefore, adopting oral health behaviors and increasing oral health literacy can be the best way to improve the oral health-related quality of life to among patients with bladder cancer.

In this study, the results are presented and discussed from laboratory test campaigns specifically designed to investigate the behavior of sacrificial piles as a countermeasure against local scouring at a circular bridge pier and clear-water conditions with flow intensity slightly below the threshold of sediment motion. Sacrificial piles are assessed on the upstream side of the pier in two transverse and triangular arrangements. Piles can reduce scouring by deflecting the flow and creating a low-velocity wake region behind them. The efficiency of the piles against local scouring depends on the diameter of the piles, the number of piles, and the angle of the wedge. The investigation was aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of the sacrificial piles as a function of different dimensionless groups. It was found that the triangular arrangement of sacrificial piles has better results than the transverse arrangement. The results showed that the triangular sacrificial piles reduced the maximum local scour depth at the pier to 37.2% in the best configuration. Combined countermeasures were tested, which were composed of sacrificial piles and a bed sill downstream of the pier; in the best configuration, the scour depth reduction in front of the pier reached 51.1%. The increased efficiency of the combination of bed sill and sacrificial piles (BSSP) is an advantage that can reduce the risk of pier failure when the duration of the flood is short. This last result shows that a combination of BSSP may be a very effective countermeasure against local scouring at bridge piers. Finally, the coherent turbulent flow structure around the best combination of BSSP was investigated, and its effect on the bed scouring pattern was studied. A 3D analysis of the bursting process was used. Turbulence characteristics, as well as the occurrence and transition probabilities of bursting events, were calculated. The obtained results confirmed the quite effective effect of the combination of these two countermeasures in reducing the scour depth.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused new conditions, problems, and different research platforms for qualitative research. The aim of the present study was to analyse the challenges and opportunities facing qualitative researchers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. This qualitative research was conducted with a conventional content analysis approach with twenty-four Iranian health sciences researchers. The participants were selected by snowball and purposive sampling. Data collection was carried out using semi-structured face-to-face and online interviews until reaching saturation. Data analysis was also carried out using the Graneheim & Lundman approach in MAXQDA-2018 software, and to improve the trustworthiness of the results, Guba and Lincoln’s criteria were used. Data analysis led to the identification of two main categories, 13 subcategories, and 69 primary codes: The challenges were in areas such as data collection methods, access to participants and how to conduct interviews. Opportunities also included formation of new topics for qualitative research, highlighting the importance of qualitative research, strengthening the technological knowledge of researchers, research cost-effectiveness, and presenting further information on sensitive topics. It is also possible to strengthen qualitative research by supporting qualitative researchers at universities and research centres, facilitating the administrative processes, providing communication infrastructure such as suitable Internet in universities, ensuring more diversity in data collection methods, developing an appropriate protocol during the COVID-19 pandemic, and dedicating some university rooms to qualitative researchers to conduct interviews.

The most basic axis of a society’s economic and social growth is health, and social capital is a major factor in determining that development. The purpose of this research was to evaluate, among the student body of Iran University of Medical Sciences, the connection that exists between social capital and overall health. This study used a descriptive-analytical approach to cross-sectional research. Students attending the Iran University of Medical Sciences constituted the statistical population. The approach developed by Cochran was used to pick 367 students at random. The demographic information form, two versions of the Delaviz Social Capital Questionnaire (2006), and Goldberg and Hiller’s General Health Questionnaire (1979), served as the data collection tools. Using Cronbach’s alpha test, the reliability of the first two sets of questionnaires was determined to be 0.73 and 0.78, respectively. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, statistical tests, and regression after being loaded into SPSS version 22. It was shown that general health was significantly related to the factors of gender, location of living, and degree of education (p < 0.05). It was shown via the use of regression that there is a statistically significant association between social capital and the two dimensions of group involvement and relationships in networks. These two dimensions had the biggest influence on general health and explained 39% of its variations. The overall health of students was not significantly affected by factors such as age, educational level, or marital status (p > 0.05). It is feasible to improve students’ overall health if social capital is increased, more students are encouraged to participate in group projects, and students’ ties with one another inside and outside their networks are expanded.

Background & Aims: The response of the human immune system to the COVID-19 disease is of vital importance in many ways, including determining the place of serological methods in the survival of patients. Therefore, the present study was designed and implemented with the aim of determining the specific antibody titer against SARS CoV-2 during hospitalization and one month after discharge in children hospitalized in Shahid Motahari Hospital in Urmia. Materials & Methods: In this longitudinal study, hospitalized patients with positive RT-PCR test were included in the study due to COVID-19. Inclusion criteria included age less than 15 years and parental consent, and exclusion criteria included immune system disorder or developmental disorder and negative RT-PCR test. Demographic information and severity of the disease along with specific antibody titer of SARS-CoV-2 were evaluated and extracted for all patients. Results: The average age of the 40 studied patients was 2.48 years, and 32.5% of them were girls. The average level of IgG during discharge and one month after discharge was equal to 73.66 and 128.36, respectively, and it was significantly higher one month after discharge than during discharge (p

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy and emotion-focused therapy on the emotional experiences of male adolescents resulting from parental divorce. The research method was quasi-experimental and included a pre-test, a post-test, a follow-up test, and a control group. In 2020-2021, the statistical population of the present survey comprised all male adolescents aged 15 to 18 who had experienced parental divorce in Bandar Abbas. The cohort consisted of 47 male adolescents who were chosen through a process of purposive sampling. Data was collected using the Emotional Experiences of Parental Divorce Scale (EEPD). SPSS-23 was used to conduct an analysis of variance with repeated measures on the data. Emotion-focused therapy and trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy significantly decreased simple painful emotions, complex painful emotions, and emotional needs in comparison to the control group (p˂0.01) and significantly increased adolescents’ emotional development (p˂0.01). Comparison of emotion-focused therapy and trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy revealed that emotion-focused therapy was more effective in reducing simple painful emotions (p˂0.02), complex painful emotions (p˂0.04), and increasing emotional development (p˂0.02) in the post-test stage; however, no significant differences were found in the follow-up stage. In general, therapists and counselors can utilize both approaches to reduce agonizing emotions and promote the emotional development of adolescents.

Abstract Background and Aims Men face many challenges in their lives with adolescent girls that need to be identified. No research has been conducted in this field in Iran. This research aimed to explore the challenges of men married to adolescent girls in western Iran using a qualitative approach. Methods This research was conducted using qualitative methods and a conventional content analysis approach. Participants were 28 men in western Iran who had the experience of marrying girls under 18 years of age. Semi‐structured interviews were used both face‐to‐face and over the phone to collect data. Also, snowballing and purposeful sampling were used to select the participants. The data were also analysed using Granheim and Lundman's approach. Results From the data analysis, 1 category, 9 subcategories, and 103 primary codes were obtained. The main category was lack of empathy and consensus, which includes the subcategories of sexual dissatisfaction, girls' dependence on the family, inability to fulfill the roles of a wife, not being understood in life, remaining in the world of childhood, emotional divorce, limiting progress and preventing the achievement of goals, betrayal, and chaotic life. Conclusion Young couples problems can be solved by measures such as giving sex education and teaching skills necessary for married life, such as problem solving skills and anger control, to adolescent men and girls, as well as training families on how to properly support adolescent couples.

Abstract Background Providing rehabilitation services in primary health care (PHC) is associated with numerous health, social, and economic benefits. Therefore, low and middle-income countries, such as Iran, should benefit from the advantages of integrating rehabilitation services into PHC. We conducted a qualitative study to determine policy solutions that could facilitate the integration of rehabilitation services into Iran’s PHC network. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 38 participants, including health policymakers, rehabilitation managers, faculty members, and rehabilitation practitioners. Purposive and snowball sampling strategies were adopted to recruit participants. The WHO Health System building blocks framework analysis was applied to analyze the collected data. Results Participants’ perspectives and experiences outlined potential policy options including: (1) stewardship: increasing political support, strengthening the leadership of the rehabilitation sector, and promoting inter-sectoral collaborations; (2) service delivery: increasing the knowledge of healthcare professionals, using local volunteers, deploying mobile rehabilitation teams, using telerehabilitation, and improving referral pathways; (3) financing: increasing government funding, preparing a package of rehabilitation services, and using appropriate payment mechanisms; (4) human resources: expanding rehabilitation workforce, training rehabilitation assistants, and enhancing employment and social opportunities; (5) information systems: establishing a comprehensive information system and an effective surveillance system; and (6) technologies: facilitating access to a range of rehabilitation equipment and raw materials, especially for prosthetics and orthotics services. Conclusion Based on the WHO six building blocks framework, this study identified several policy options for integrating rehabilitation services into the Iranian PHC Network. Some of the policy options include increasing political support, promoting inter-sectoral collaborations, increasing the skills and knowledge of healthcare workers, establishing effective referral pathways, strengthening team-working, and increasing government funding.

In this paper, the electron transport through a zigzag single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) junction consisting of zigzag SWCNT (central region) sandwiched between two semi-infinite metallic zigzag SWCNT leads to the presence of an applied uniaxial strain is numerically investigated. This study is based on a nearest-neighbor tight-binding approximation within the framework of a generalized Green’s function technique and relies on the Landauer-B¨utikker formalism. The results show that the electron transport properties of the system can be well controlled by modifying the uniaxial strain strength and length of the SWCNT junction. Besides, applying compressive strain is more effective than tensile strain in opening a band gap in the system. Furthermore, the current amplitude for the tensile strain is bigger than the compressive strain with the same absolute values of uniaxial strain strength. As the length of the intermediate region increases, the density of states in Fermi energy decreases, and the magnitude of the electron emission function in Fermi energy decreases to zero, leading to the transition of the metal to the semiconductor.

Introduction: Health tourism is a new form of tourism industry that aims to maintain recovery and regain physical and mental health and has grown in recent years. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting the marketing of health tourism in hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences. Methods: The present study is descriptive-analytical and was conducted on 270 individuals at some point in 2021. The study population consisted of all heads, managers, matrons, quality managers and heads of international patients of public and private hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. Data were analyzed by using SPSS software version 23. Results: The results of study showed a significant difference between the components of price, place, promotion and people in the two types of hospitals (P-value

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the efficacy of the therapeutic use of play on improving the attention span of children with Mild Intellectual Disability (MID) in elementary school. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test with a control group so that 30 girls with MID were selected from an exceptional school in Tehran City, Iran, via convenience sampling method and assigned to the experimental and control groups. The attention span of all subjects was assessed by the Toulouse-Pieron test and the Cognitive Diagnostic Battery (CDB) before and after the therapeutic sessions. The experimental group participated in 16 therapeutic play sessions (35 minutes for each session) for 8 weeks, but the control group did not. The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to analyze the data. Results: The mean±SD age were 9.80±1.32 and 9.73±1.22 for the experimental and control groups, respectively. In addition, the mean attention span in the experimental group varied from 7.60 to 18.78 after the therapeutic sessions. In addition, after the therapeutic sessions, a significant difference (P

We present a deep learning model based on an autoencoder for the reconstruction of cranial and facial defects using the Medical Open Network for Artificial Intelligence (MONAI) framework, which has been pre-trained on the MUG500+ and SkullFix dataset. The implementation follows the MONAI contribution guidelines, hence, it can be easily tried out and used, and extended by MONAI users. The primary goal of this paper lies in the investigation of open-sourcing codes and pre-trained deep learning models under the MONAI framework. The pre-trained models generated in this work deliver reasonable results on the cranial and facial reconstruction task and provide an ideal starting-point for other researchers interested in further investigating the topic. We released the codes and the pre-trained model at the official MONAI ‘research contributions’ GitHub repository: https://github.com/Project-MONAI/research-contributions/tree/master/SkullRec. This contribution has two novelties: 1. Pre-training an autoencoder on the MUG500+ and SkullFix dataset for cranial and facial reconstruction using MONAI, and open-sourcing the codes and weights for other MONAI users; 2. Demonstrating that existing MONAI tutorials can be easily adapted to new use cases, such as skull (cranial and facial) reconstruction.

The present study represents the first meta-analytic synthesis of the utility of a widely used early-childhood self-regulation measure, the Head-Toes-Knees-Shoulders task, in predicting children's academic achievement. A systematic review of the literature yielded 69 studies accessed from peer reviewed journals representing 413 effect sizes and 19,917 children meeting the complete set of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Robust variance analysis demonstrated that the Head-Toes-Knees-Shoulders task was a consistent predictor of children's academic achievement across literacy, oral language, and mathematical outcomes. A moderator analysis indicated that in accordance with prior research, the Head-Toes-Knees-Shoulders task was more strongly associated with children's mathematics performance relative to their performance on language and literacy measures. The results of this meta-analysis suggest that the Head-Toes-Knees-Shoulders task demonstrated statistically significant, positive associations with children's overall academic performance. These associations remained stable across different participant and measurement factors and are comparable to meta-analyses examining the self-regulation and academic association with multiple measures of self-regulation and executive function.

Abstract Background The evaluation of automatic segmentation algorithms is commonly performed using geometric metrics. An analysis based on dosimetric parameters might be more relevant in clinical practice but is often lacking in the literature. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of state-of-the-art 3D U-Net-generated organ delineations on dose optimization in radiation therapy (RT) for prostate cancer patients. Methods A database of 69 computed tomography images with prostate, bladder, and rectum delineations was used for single-label 3D U-Net training with dice similarity coefficient (DSC)-based loss. Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans have been generated for both manual and automatic segmentations with the same optimization settings. These were chosen to give consistent plans when applying perturbations to the manual segmentations. Contours were evaluated in terms of DSC, average and 95% Hausdorff distance (HD). Dose distributions were evaluated with the manual segmentation as reference using dose volume histogram (DVH) parameters and a 3%/3 mm gamma-criterion with 10% dose cut-off. A Pearson correlation coefficient between DSC and dosimetric metrics, i.e. gamma index and DVH parameters, has been calculated. Results 3D U-Net-based segmentation achieved a DSC of 0.87 (0.03) for prostate, 0.97 (0.01) for bladder and 0.89 (0.04) for rectum. The mean and 95% HD were below 1.6 (0.4) and below 5 (4) mm, respectively. The DVH parameters, V $$_{60/65/70\,{\mathrm{Gy}}}$$ 60 / 65 / 70 Gy for the bladder and V $$_{50/65/70\,{\mathrm{Gy}}}$$ 50 / 65 / 70 Gy for the rectum, showed agreement between dose distributions within $$\pm \, 5\%$$ ± 5 % and $$\pm \,2\%$$ ± 2 % , respectively. The D $$_{98/2\%}$$ 98 / 2 % and V $$_{95\%}$$ 95 % , for prostate and its 3 mm expansion (surrogate clinical target volume) showed agreement with the reference dose distribution within 2% and 3 Gy with the exception of one case. The average gamma pass-rate was 85%. The comparison between geometric and dosimetric metrics showed no strong statistically significant correlation. Conclusions The 3D U-Net developed for this work achieved state-of-the-art geometrical performance. Analysis based on clinically relevant DVH parameters of VMAT plans demonstrated neither excessive dose increase to OARs nor substantial under/over-dosage of the target in all but one case. Yet the gamma analysis indicated several cases with low pass rates. The study highlighted the importance of adding dosimetric analysis to the standard geometric evaluation.

Background: Some children have difficulty with verbal intelligence as well as creativity and lexical literature, and as a result, skills such as reading and writing. Using appropriate methods for children, such as narrative therapy, can probably help improve children's learning and academic achievement in the future. The present research was conducted to determine the effect of narrative therapy on verbal intelligence, creativity, and lexical literature in children of Tohid Kindergarten in Isfahan, Iran. Methods: This was an experimental pretest-posttest study with control group. For this purpose, from all children of Tohid Kindergarten in Isfahan City in 2018-2019, 30 children were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned into two experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. Then the experimental group was trained in 8 sessions of 4 minutes. Before and after the implementation of the independent variable, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) (verbal understanding and lexical range) and the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT) (form B) were used as research tools. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Findings: In the pre-test, the mean of verbal intelligence, lexical literature, and creativity in the experimental group was 101, 10.7, 58.7, respectively. And in the post-test phase of the experimental group, these values were obtained 104, 11.5, 65.6, respectively, which indicates an increase in variables in the post-test stage compared to the pre-test. In addition, in the pre-test of the control group, mean of verbal intelligence, lexical literature, and creativity was reported as 99.3, 10.4, and 59, respectively, and in the post-test stage, these values were obtained 99, 10.05, and 58.6, respectively, which indicates that the values of variables in the control group did not differ in pre-test and post-test. Therefore, storytelling training had a significant effect on verbal intelligence (F = 12.88, P < 0.001), lexical literature (F = 14.6, P < 0.001), and creativity (F = 108.48, P < 0.001) variables. Conclusion: Some students have problems in the field of verbal skills and on the other hand, verbal skills are a kind of crystallized intelligence. The results showed that using the method of storytelling had a significant effect on children's verbal intelligence, lexical literature, and creativity in the experimental group compared to control group.

Abstract Background The steady rise in noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) worldwide has been a key global health challenge. Governments have the primary responsibility for taking action to prevent and control NCDs. Given the growing importance of globalization of healthcare as well as the increasing use of soft power, governments need to identify challenges and opportunities to enhance global health diplomacy (GHD) for NCD prevention and control. The purpose of this qualitative research was to explain the challenges and opportunities of GHD for NCDs in Iran. Methods This study was conducted in 2020 using a qualitative approach and through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 21 experts and specialists in related fields such as health policy, healthcare management, epidemiology and other related specialties. The participants were selected from all levels of diplomacy, including global, regional and national levels, with at least 3 years of experience in managerial, executive and scientific activities. Data analysis was performed by content analysis with an inductive approach. Data were analysed using inductive content analysis. Results The identified challenges were categorized into five main themes, including content challenges, structural challenges, process challenges, governance challenges and cultural challenges. Opportunities extracted from the interviews were also categorized into four main themes, including strong political will, utilizing the capacity of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), multisectoral collaborations and a well-developed health system. Conclusions NCD prevention and control requires a multilateral collaboration-based solution. Recognition of the challenges and opportunities in GHD can help draw significant lessons for building the necessary capacities and implementing more effective policies to prevent and control NCDs.

Introduction Considering the wide extent of the Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc and the presence of many intrusive and volcanic rocks in this belt, an important question from scientific and exploration points of view is “Why are some plutons productive whereas others are sub-productive and/or barren?” Barren and productive magmatic systems related to calc-alkaline arc magmatism are identified as normal or non-adakitic (low Sr/Y20) magmas, respectively. Barren magmas are non-mineralized and have a low Sr/Y ratio, while high Sr/Y magmas are responsible for Cu-mineralization and are known as productive magmas that occur in all major orogenic belts worldwide (Cooke et al., 2005). Understanding their origin and petrogenesis is of critical importance to decipher their long-term growth and stabilization of the continental crust, and formation of economically valuable ore deposits (Monecke et al., 2018). Barren granitoid magmas typically form in pre-collisional subduction zone environments (Shahabpour, 1992), which is confirmed by the results obtained in this study. Magmatism in this region began in the Early Eocene and continued until the Pliocene. The volcanic and intrusive barren-type rocks (Eocene) that formed in a subduction-related tectonic setting are characterized by calc-alkaline and tholeiitic geochemical signature (Shahabpour, 2005). The northwest of Saveh magmatic complex is situated at the central part of the Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic belt. The volcanic rocks of northwest of Saveh are crosscut by Late Eocene-Early Oligocene granitoids that are exposed over an area of about 100 km2. Materials and methods Approximately 70 samples were intrusively collected from Mount Shahpasand and Neivesht volcanic rocks. Subsequently, 9 granitoid rocks and 7 volcanic rocks that showed the least amount of alteration were selected for whole-rock geochemical analysis. The main elements analysis was performed by X-ray fluorescence method using Optima 100V device and the analysis of rare earth elements was performed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry method and with ICP NeXION 300 device in the Lab West Laboratory of Australia. Results The northwest of the Saveh magmatic complex is situated at the central part of the Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic belt. The volcanic rocks of this area are crosscut by the Late Eocene-Oligocene granitoids. Whole-rock geochemistry shows that the studied igneous rocks with low to medium potassium calc-alkaline geochemical signatures have strong depletion in Nb and Ti and enrichment in LREE and LILE, which imply formation during normal arc magmatism. Sr/La and La/Yb trace element ratios show that all samples have evidence for slab fluid metasomatism and a mantle source affected by metasomatism. La/Nb and La/Ba ratios also confirms a subduction-modified lithosphere mantle source for the magmatic rocks in the northwest of Saveh. Geochemical evidence shows that these rocks are barren-type igneous rocks that have the same origin and differential crystallization is the dominant process in their petrogenesis. Barren magmatism in the northwest of Saveh is likely a result of partial melting of juvenile lower crust caused by subduction of the Neo-Tethys oceanic lithosphere, whereas productive adakitic rocks within the Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic belt have formed by partial melting of thickened lower crust. Discussion Granitoids have gabbrodiortite-diorite, Quartz monzonite, granodiorite and granite composition, while volcanic rocks are petrologically classified as basaltic andesite, andesite and dacite-trachydacite. Geochemical studies of whole rocks indicate that they have strong depletions in HFSE (Nb, Ti, Zr) and enrichments in light rare earth elements and large ion lithophile elements compared to N-MORB. Geochemical signature of the igneous rocks in northwest of Saveh (low Sr/Y ratio of almost 56 for productive rocks implies garnet, hornblende, and clinopyroxene minerals in the source, leading to enrichment of LREE/HREE (Castillo, 2012).

Abstract In this paper, we propose the conditions on which a class of boundary value problems, presented by fractional q-differential equations, is well-posed. First, under the suitable conditions, we will prove the existence and uniqueness of solution by means of the Schauder fixed point theorem. Then, the stability of solution will be discussed under the perturbations of boundary condition, a function existing in the problem, and the fractional order derivative. Examples involving algorithms and illustrated graphs are presented to demonstrate the validity of our theoretical findings.

Abstract Background and aim The growing globalization has changed the goals and methods of diplomacy. Due to the challenges and complexities of dealing with noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) at the national and international levels, policy makers require global health diplomacy (GHD) to achieve the goals of prevention and control of NCDs. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify the challenges and opportunities in GHD for NCDs. Methods A systematic review of articles was conducted by searching MEDLINE via PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase and by using Google and Google Scholar search engines. Additional articles were identified by reviewing reference lists and a number of special journals. The inclusion criteria include literature published in English from 2007 to 2020, and the exclusion criteria are literature published in any language other than English, absence of full text, dissertations, and duplicates. Overall, 32 articles met the requirements for inclusion in this review and were analyzed using content analysis in MAXQDA 10. Findings There are 32 published articles on GHD for NCDs. Identified challenges were classified into three levels: global (global health governance), national (Governance at the state level, health sector, and civil society), and industry. The progress on global health issues has created opportunities for the development of GHD for the prevention and control of NCDs. These opportunities were divided into three levels: international, national, and individual level. Conclusion Various challenges at the global level, national level, and industry led to less engagement of policymakers in GHD for prevention and control of NCDs and, as a consequence, a less coordinated approach to address prevention and control of NCDs worldwide. So, there is a need for more efforts of collective action and negotiation for tackling NCDs. Policymakers and managers of the health system should increase the advocacy, building a coalition with civil society, use negotiation and diplomacy to engage with other sectors and organizations, manage industry conflicts, and leverage foreign policy to promote health and welfare.

Background: Careful study of self-concept and function together and in different societies can lead to a deeper understanding of these concepts and how they change, However, so far the study of self-concept and function in the society of married women has been neglected in optimism, confusion, realism and devastation states. Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the self-concept and function of married women in optimism, confusion, realism and devastation states. Method: This study was conducted with qualitative approach and phenomenological method. The study population of the present study included all married women in 2019 in Isfahan, 60 of whom were selected in four groups by purposive sampling from among those who had the highest score in the four states of the researcher-made illusion and disillusion questionnaire. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed by thematic analysis. Results: Findings included 8 main themes in self-concept and 8 main themes in function analysis which generally showed positive self-concept and optimal function in the spouse role in optimism state, negative self-concept and adverse function in devastation state, instability self-concept and dysfunction in confusion state, self-concept matched successes and failures, and function which consistent with motivation and goals in realism mode. Conclusions: The results showed that being in each of the four states has a decisive role in self-concept and function of married women.

Objective (s): Children are one of the most vulnerable groups in falls from hospital beds, because usually this might cause head injurie. There are limited researches to prevent children from falling. Therefore, this study was performed to analyze the roots cause factors affecting the fall in children. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. First the adverse events were measured using a monthly error recording form, then the root cause analysis of the problem was performed in six steps, problem identification, team formation, preparation of initial information and final map, identification of causes and drawing tables, identification of solutions and implementation and assessment of solutions. Results: Lack of effective training of patient companions, old hospital beds, short, and long distance between bed railings, training of nurses, and controlling of the restless children were obtained as a root causes based on futuristic barrier analysis. The solutions were identified and implemented and the comparison of statistics before and after the implementation of the strategies showed that the rate of falling from the bed in the third quarter of the year has reached to zero percent. Conclusion: Educating the patient companions about the keeping of the bed railings high and not leaving the child can have a great impact on reducing falls. Also, standardizing hospital beds, providing fall prevention guidelines for nurses, training the effective communication skills, and identifying high-risk children can help to reduce falls and injuries.

Recently, the concerns about depletion of fossil fuels and also the environmental pollution arisen from burning of them have driven scientists to quest for clean and sustainable energy resources. Some advantages of hydrogen have made it as an alternative energy resource to fossil fuels. Electrochemically splitting of water is considered as one of the main techniques to produce high-purity hydrogen. Fabrication of cost-effective electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in a water splitting process is vital for large-scale practical applications. Herein, we present an affordable and straightforward method for synthesis of NiO nanoparticles supported on Ni foam for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). A single-step annealing process is carried out at the different temperatures to achieve an optimal temperature, at which an electrocatalyst with a tailored morphology and high electrocatalytic activity is obtainable. The best electrocatalytic activity is showed by the electrode fabricated at 400 °C, which delivers current density of 10 mA/cm2 at 1.59 mV potential versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) under alkaline condition. Various material characterization tests accompanied by electrochemical measurements are employed to clarify the cause of the excellent electrocatalytic activity of the electrode fabricated at 400 °C.

Following the previous work, this research aims to highlight the applicability of a new strategy for engineering morphological properties of nanofibrous filters using a model consisting of artificial neural analytical model, and genetic algorithm. The main idea is to engineer the morphological properties of nanofibrous filters before mass production. To collect data, a central composite design of experiment considering parametersch as polymer concentration (10, 12, and 14 wt %), applied voltage (14, 18, and 22 kV ), distance (10, 15, and 20 cm ), and time (15, 30, and 45 min ) is employed. Results showed that reduced the cost value from 0.1477 to 0.1183 incororating a polymer concentration of 10.08 wt % , an applied voltage of 16.09 kV , a distance of 20 cm , and a time of 27.17 min. The optimized filter possessed a filtration efficiency of 95% and a pressure drop of 169.2530 Pa for a particle size of 300 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]