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The intention of this paper is to examine the applicability factors on the implementation of Performance Based Funding (PBF) mechanism in Malaysian public universities. Three applicability drivers examined in this study are consisting of government objectives, level of understanding and autonomy. Survey questionnaires were distributed to all Dean and Deputy Dean of the faculty of all 20 public universities in Malaysia. This study investigated the drivers of PBF mechanisms for Malaysian public universities. By filling the research gap, this study can serve and provide the Malaysian Government with valuable understanding with regard to the views of public universities on the implementation of PBF. This study also assessed the applicability of the implementation of PBF that may serve as a reference or guideline to the Federal Government in developing PBF and applying higher education funding policies. This study can also function as a reference guide to other nations, especially amongst developing nations considering PBF programs. The findings from the quantitative data showed that government objectives, level of understanding and autonomy have significant and positive relationships with PBF mechanism implementation. Consistent with previous studies, government objective has proven to have a significant relationship with the PBF mechanism implementation where it usually acts as a strategic planning by the government to align the institutional objectives with government objectives.

This study investigates the role of national culture in succession planning. Higher education institutions ought to learn from corporate succession planning practices; nevertheless, succession planning principles must be adapted as needed to meet the unique needs of each institution. Studies of the influence of culture on succession planning in higher education institutions have not yet revealed the specific impact of national culture on succession planning. We use Hofstede's national culture dimensions, which are power distance, collectivism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation. Data were gathered from five universities in Malaysia, and were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Our findings show that the national culture of university employees influences succession planning. This study contributes to existing understanding of factors affecting succession planning, points towards further research, helps practitioners by demonstrating the importance of taking national culture into account and indicates the importance of implementing succession planning in public universities in Malaysia.

Succession planning could ensure leadership continuity in an organization. Organizations start to realize the importance of strong leadership to maintain, grow, and sustain long-term business productivity. The semi-structured interview which lasts for thirty to forty minutes was used as the interview technique throughout this research because the semi-structured interview is more conversational and it also allowed the researcher to ask the questions in a more flexible way. The interview method found out the systematic succession planning system in University A. The primary data was from interviews that shows the systematic succession planning in University A, and the gathered data will show some of the practices. Overall, the succession planning management had followed up the seven-pointed model as proposed by Rothwell. The seven-pointed model as proposed by Rothwell had ensured the process of identifying a management position at the selected university. In this study, the research objective and research question has been answered by the researcher. The final results further explained the process of succession planning together with the recommendation of the study. Future research on succession planning in higher education can be improved to get better research results as if the data collection can be expanded to all levels of management in University A, as compared to this research which only covered the staff involved in the strategic position level.

The higher education institutions play a very important role in developing the readiness of academic staff on IR 4.0 which might increase the quality of education system through implementing the effective learning factors, efficiency knowledge management factors, and creative thinking with the innovation capability. Here, the academic staff must further explore the new knowledge, innovation, and learning factors that could be used in their teaching and learning. The research model was taken from previous studies on examining the feasibilities of Industry 4.0 for the hospitality sector with the lens of management practice. The data was analyzed by using the IBM SPSS Statistics v21 and the five-point Likert scale represented by Information Literacy Education Implementation Readiness Scale was used to measure the respondents' readiness level on IR 4.0. Descriptive analysis than was used in this research to further explore the mean factors which are learning, knowledge management and innovation capability, and the academic staffs' readiness for IR 4.0. The results indicated that the learning institutions played a very important role in developing the readiness of academic staff on IR 4.0 which may increase the quality of education system through implementing the effective learning factors, efficiency knowledge management factors and creative thinking with innovation capability factors.

The intention of this paper is to discuss the rationale for Malaysian public universities to implement Performance Based Funding (PBF) mechanism. Here, the funding mechanisms are systems based on allocating a proportion of education budgets relative to specific performance measures such as course completion, credit attainment, and degree completion, instead of allocating funding entirely based on enrolment alone. The implementation of PBF mechanisms has recently become a topic of heated debate in the education sector worldwide which has also increased the interest of researchers and policymakers to work on it. Since almost no study has looked into the applicability of PBF in Malaysia with the aims to contribute knowledge and fill the gap in the current research. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to answer the objective of this study. The positive functions of qualitative research methodology are to show that it can assist the researcher in obtaining in-depth information and to understand the subjective experience of the respondents. Thus, in this procedure, semi-structured interviews were adopted and targeted to obtain information regarding the applicability of the PBF mechanism from the budgeting and financial aspects. Participants who encompassed in semi-structured interviews were the senior officer from the Bursar Office of selected universities. The findings from the qualitative data showed that PBF mechanism is suitable to be implemented at Malaysian public universities. However, there were several issues that the government needs to be addressed before the PBF mechanism can be successfully implemented.

Income generation activities have been acquainted among public higher education institutions (HEIs) in Malaysia. Various factors that brought to insufficient of funding caused Higher Education Institutions(HEIs) to seek for additional income as to support the operation expenses. Financial sustainability issues made up the significant impact towards HEIs. Through the different instruments adopted by HEI, perhaps academic staffs are one of the parties that in charge of the income generation at universities. This research employed qualitative method by conducting interviews as a medium to provide insights to researcher. Then, the interviews data are analysed using the Interactive Model. The results pointed out that the main income generation activities originated from the research and consultancy whilst commercialization contributed the most significant income towards university. As a conclusion, the income which generated by the academic staffs is at upmost important to the development and sustainability of a university. Perhaps this research is significant to those who are concerning on the issues of income generating activities arisen among academic staffs. Through the results gained, certain parties may get known to the root of problems and then, solve it. It will eventually help the university to get a better way in order to attain the optimal results in income generation.

This study examined the mediating effect of school culture on the relationship between transformational leadership and teaching performance in Yemeni public schools. A stratified random sample of 375 teachers from schools in Sana’a, Yemen, was selected to participate. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using structural equation modeling with SmartPLS 3. The results showed that transformational leadership and a positive school culture significantly predicted better teaching performance. Furthermore, school culture mediated the positive relationship between transformational leadership and teaching performance. These findings provide valuable insights for school leaders on the critical role of school culture in achieving teaching excellence. The results also shed light on mechanisms to improve school culture and educational leadership to implement policies for better student outcomes. Thus, this study addressed a gap in research on the connections between leadership styles, teaching performance, and school culture in the understudied context of Yemen’s education system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, the global interest in organic food has steadily risen, prompting increased scholarly attention to unravel the complex motivations and barriers influencing its consumption. Despite a plethora of studies on the subject, there exists a lack of cohesive synthesis in literature. This study addresses this gap by conducting a systematic literature review that comprehensively analyzes the factors and challenges influencing the purchasing decisions of organic food. Drawing from 59 empirical research articles spanning from 2019 to 2023, various theoretical frameworks, including the Theory of Reasoned Action, Theory of Planned Behavior, Value-Belief-Norm, Attitude-Behavior-Context, and Value-Attitude-Behavior Hierarchy, were employed to categorize identified motives and barriers. The main findings of this systematic literature review encompass several key aspects: firstly, the provision of descriptive statistics about the chosen studies; secondly, a comprehensive synthesis of the factors discussed in the selected studies, employing various theoretical frameworks; thirdly, identification of potential possibilities for future research; and finally, the implications of these findings for scholars, managers, and policymakers seeking to enhance their understanding of organic food consumption-related issues. This review paper significantly contributes to education (SDG4) by sharing insights, drives innovation (SDG9) in sustainable agriculture, aids policymakers in building resilient, organic food systems in communities (SDG11), and fosters collaborative partnerships (SDG17) for holistic sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently the Agency Theory is extensively used in the study of government-university relationship in higher education system. The theory expounds the main concept of information asymmetry and goal conflict in the relationship. In this paper these two concepts are used to explain efforts undertaken by the Malaysian Federal Government to improve the quality of higher education and their struggle to reform the funding system in public universities. This move is parallel to the implementation of National Higher Education Strategic Plan Beyond 2020 which was announced in 2007. Interestingly, this study found that public universities in Malaysia are working positively towards materialising the government objectives regardless of the government funding cuts. Indeed, the government initiative to keep track of the universities performances by using the monitoring, controlling and incentives mechanisms have helped reduce the agency problems in the government-university relationship.

The Malaysian Government intention to implement the higher education reforms is observable in the implementation of National Higher Education Strategic Plan beyond 2020 in 2007. This plan emphasises on improving the research and teaching in higher education in accordance with the government objectives. Parallel to the introduction of this plan, the government has also initiated the funding reforms which are currently implemented on the public universities. Therefore, this paper will discuss the impact of Malaysian higher education reforms with emphasis on teaching and learning in Malaysian public universities.