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107 results on '"Ahmad, AR"'

1. Isolated Infraspinatous Atrophy from a Spinoglenoid Cyst: A Case Report

Author: Gomez DN, Zulkahini NF, Ahmad AR, and Solayar GN
Subjects: spinoglenoid cyst, infraspinatous atrophy, superior labral anterior to posterior (slap) tear, Orthopedic surgery, RD701-811
Abstract: We present a case of a 26-year-old gentleman with isolated right infraspinatus atrophy arising from a spinoglenoid cyst of the right shoulder. He presented two years following his shoulder injury and failed conservative rehabilitation alone. At initial arthroscopic surgery, a superior labral anterior to posterior (SLAP) tear was diagnosed and the spinoglenoid cyst was debrided without formal labral repair. The patient’s condition did not improve, and second arthroscopy was performed three months following the first with suture anchor repair of the labral tear and cyst decompression. Post- operative magnetic resonant imaging (MRI) scans showed complete resolution of the cyst and recovery of infraspinatus muscle bulk at six months. At final follow-up 18 months post SLAP repair, he has regained full shoulder function and has returned to recreational sports. Our case highlights the importance of proper management of SLAP tears in resolving spinoglenoid cysts by demonstrating the outcomes from two different surgical methods in the same patient.
Published: 2022
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2. Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Reconstruction and Extra-Articular Tenodesis in a Contralateral Above-Knee Amputee Following Complex Trauma: A Case Report

Author: Vijayaraj RM, Balakumaran M, Ahmad AR, and Solayar GN
Subjects: modified lemaire, acl reconstruction, above knee amputation, complex femoral fracture, rehabilitation, Orthopedic surgery, RD701-811
Abstract: We report the outcome following arthroscopic ACL reconstruction combined with a Modified LeMaire procedure in a patient who underwent multiple surgeries following an open ipsilateral femoral fracture and an above knee amputation of the contralateral limb at the time of initial trauma. This case highlights the importance of achieving ligamental stability in the contra-lateral limb in aiding proper rehabilitation following amputation and the potential pitfalls of retrograde femoral nailing.
Published: 2022
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3. Kajian Pendidikan Tentang Perspektif Filosofis Islam Terkait Eksplorasi Kebenaran Objektif Dan Sumber Pengetahuan

Author: Rukmana, Suci, primary, Karim, Ahmad Ar Rasyid Nur, additional, and Sari, Herlini Puspika, additional
Published: 2023
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4. Analisis Kualitas Hasil Produksi Kawat Baja Single Wire di PT. XYZ dengan Menggunakan Metode FMEA

Author: Arnanda Ahmad Ar Ridlo, Efta Dhartikasari Priyana, and Yanuar Pandu Negoro
Subjects: General Medicine
Abstract: PT XYZ is a steel wire specialist company engaged in manufacturing. PT. XYZ also makes quality the company's quality so that it will have a competitive advantage against competitors in the world market, because not all companies are able to make quality a superior strategy to compete. Therefore, companies are required to produce products with good quality. But in reality, the production field experienced various problems during the work process which resulted in defective products in the production process which were not good and raised question marks. This study aims to use the FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) method in order to reduce product defects. In this study, an assessment was carried out with the calculation results in the form of an RPN (Risk Priority Number) value by filling out a questionnaire. In this method there are several tools used to help solve problems, namely pareto charts, fishbone diagrams,and flowcharts. In order to obtain data acquisition of 13 indicators of product defects at PT XYZ. The results showed that the highest risk of defects in corrugated wire products was loose roll bolts with an RPN value of 240, over diameters were deformed/rough dies with an RPN value of 336, and scratched wire was deformed/rough dies with an RPN value of 392.
Published: 2023

5. Adolescent transport and unintentional injuries: a systematic analysis using the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Peden, AE, Cullen, P, Francis, KL, Moeller, H, Peden, MM, Ye, P, Tian, M, Zou, Z, Sawyer, SM, Aali, A, Abbasi-Kangevari, Z, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abdelmasseh, M, Abdoun, M, Abd-Rabu, R, Abdulah, DM, Abdurehman, AM, Abebe, G, Abebe, AM, Abedi, A, Abidi, H, Aboagye, RG, Ali, HA, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Adane, DE, Adane, TD, Addo, IY, Adewole, OG, Adhikari, S, Adnan, M, Adnani, QES, Afolabi, AAB, Afzal, S, Afzal, MS, Aghdam, ZB, Ahinkorah, BO, Ahmad, AR, Ahmad, T, Ahmad, S, Ahmadi, A, Ahmed, H, Ahmed, MB, Ahmed, A, Ahmed, JQ, Rashid, TA, Aithala, JP, Aji, B, Akhlaghdoust, M, Alahdab, F, Alanezi, FM, Alemayehu, A, Al Hamad, H, Ali, SS, Ali, L, Alimohamadi, Y, Alipour, V, Aljunid, SM, Almidani, L, Almustanyir, S, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Zakzuk, NJ, Ameyaw, EK, Amin, TT, Amir-Behghadami, M, Amiri, S, Amiri, H, Anagaw, TF, Andrei, T, Andrei, CL, Anvari, D, Anwar, SL, Anyasodor, AE, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Arja, A, Arulappan, J, Arumugam, A, Aryannejad, A, Asgary, S, Ashraf, T, Athari, SS, Atreya, A, Attia, S, Aujayeb, A, Awedew, AF, Azadnajafabad, S, Azangou-Khyavy, M, Azari, S, Jafari, AA, Azizi, H, Azzam, AY, Badiye, AD, Baghcheghi, N, Bagherieh, S, Baig, AA, Bakkannavar, SM, Balta, AB, Banach, M, Banik, PC, Bansal, H, Bardhan, M, Barone-Adesi, F, Barrow, A, Bashiri, A, Baskaran, P, Basu, S, Bayileyegn, NS, Bekel, AA, Bekele, AB, Bendak, S, Bensenor, IM, Berhie, AY, Bhagat, DS, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhardwaj, P, Bhardwaj, N, Bhaskar, S, Bhat, AN, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhutta, ZA, Bibi, S, Bintoro, BS, Bitaraf, S, Bodicha, BBA, Boloor, A, Bouaoud, S, Brown, J, Burkart, K, Butt, NS, Butt, MH, Camera, LA, Rincon, JCC, Cao, C, Carvalho, AF, Carvalho, M, Chakraborty, PA, Chandrasekar, EK, Chang, J-C, Charalampous, P, Charan, J, Chattu, VK, Chekole, BM, Chitheer, A, Cho, DY, Chopra, H, Christopher, DJ, Chukwu, IS, Cruz-Martins, N, Dadras, O, Dahlawi, SMA, Dai, X, Damiani, G, Darmstadt, GL, Soltani, RDC, Darwesh, AM, Das, S, Dastiridou, A, Debela, SA, Dehghan, A, Demeke, GM, Demetriades, AK, Demissie, S, Dessalegn, FN, Desta, AA, Dianatinasab, M, Diao, N, da Silva, DD, Diaz, D, Digesa, LE, Diress, M, Djalalinia, S, Linh, PD, Dodangeh, M, Doku, PN, Dongarwar, D, Dsouza, HL, Eini, E, Ekholuenetale, M, Ekundayo, TC, Elagali, AEM, Elbahnasawy, MA, Elhabashy, HR, Elhadi, M, Zaki, MES, Enyew, DB, Erkhembayar, R, Eskandarieh, S, Etaee, F, Fagbamigbe, AF, Faris, PS, Farmany, A, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Fatehizadeh, A, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Feroze, AH, Fetensa, G, Feyisa, BR, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Foroutan, B, Foroutan, M, Fowobaje, KR, Franklin, RC, Fukumoto, T, Gaal, PA, Gadanya, MA, Galali, Y, Galehdar, N, Ganesan, B, Garg, T, Gebrehiwot, MGD, Gebremariam, YH, Gela, YY, Gerema, U, Ghafourifard, M, Ghamari, S-H, Ghanbari, R, Nour, MG, Gholamalizadeh, M, Gholami, A, Gholamrezanezhad, A, Ghozy, S, Gilani, SA, Gill, TK, Gine-Vazquez, I, Girma, ZA, Glasbey, JC, Glozah, FN, Golechha, M, Goleij, P, Grivna, M, Guadie, HA, Gunawardane, DA, Guo, Y, Gupta, VB, Gupta, S, Gupta, B, Gupta, VK, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Halwani, R, Hamadeh, RR, Hameed, S, Hanfore, LK, Hanif, A, Hargono, A, Harlianto, NI, Harorani, M, Hasaballah, AI, Hasan, SMM, Hassan, A, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Havmoeller, RJ, Hay, SI, Heidari, M, Hendrie, D, Heyi, DZ, Hiraike, Y, Holla, R, Horita, N, Hossain, SJ, Hossain, MBH, Shabanan, SH, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, S, Hoveidaei, AH, Hsiao, AK, Hussain, S, Hussein, A, Ibitoye, SE, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Imani, B, Immurana, M, Inbaraj, LR, Islam, SMS, Islam, RM, Islam, MM, Ismail, NE, Merin, LJ, Jahrami, H, Jakovljevic, M, Janodia, MD, Javaheri, T, Jayapal, SK, Jayarajah, UU, Jayaraman, S, Jeganathan, J, Jemal, B, Jha, RP, Jonas, JB, Joo, T, Joseph, N, Jozwiak, JJ, Jurisson, M, Kabir, A, Kadashetti, V, Kadir, DH, Kalankesh, LR, Kalhor, R, Kamal, VK, Kamath, R, Kandel, H, Kantar, RS, Kapoor, N, Karami, H, Karaye, IM, Karkhah, S, Katoto, PDMC, Kauppila, JH, Kayode, GA, Keikavoosi-Arani, L, Keskin, C, Khader, YS, Khajuria, H, Khammarnia, M, Khan, EA, Khan, MN, Khan, M, Khan, YH, Khan, IA, Khan, A, Khan, MAB, Khanali, J, Khatatbeh, MM, Kashani, HRK, Khazaie, H, Khubchandani, J, Kifle, ZD, Kim, J, Kim, YJ, Kisa, S, Kisa, A, Kneib, CJ, Kompani, F, Koohestani, HR, Koul, PA, Laxminarayana, SLK, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Krishnamoorthy, V, Bicer, BK, Kumar, N, Kumar, M, Kurmi, OP, Laflamme, L, Lam, J, Landires, I, Larijani, B, Lasrado, S, Lauriola, P, La Vecchia, C, Lee, SWH, Lee, YH, Lee, S-W, Lee, W-C, Legesse, SM, Li, S, Lim, SS, Lorenzovici, L, Luke, AO, Madadizadeh, F, Madureira-Carvalho, AM, Abd El Razek, MM, Mahjoub, S, Mahmoodpoor, A, Mahmoudi, R, Mahmoudimanesh, M, Majeed, A, Makki, A, Rad, EM, Malekpour, M-R, Malik, AA, Mallhi, TH, Malta, DC, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, MA, Mathews, E, Maulud, SQ, Mazingi, D, Nasab, EM, Mendoza-Cano, O, Menezes, RG, Mengistu, DA, Mentis, A-FA, Meretoja, A, Mesregah, MK, Mestrovic, T, Gomide Nogueira de Sa, ACM, Miller, TR, Mirghaderi, SP, Mirica, A, Mirmoeeni, S, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mirza, M, Misra, S, Mithra, P, Mittal, C, Moberg, ME, Mohammadi, M, Mohammadi, S, Mohammadi, E, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, S, Mohammed, TA, Mohseni, M, Mokdad, AH, Momtazmanesh, S, Monasta, L, Moni, MA, Moreira, RS, Morrison, SD, Mostafavi, E, Isfahani, HM, Mubarik, S, Muccioli, L, Mukherjee, S, Mulita, F, Mustafa, G, Nagarajan, AJ, Naimzada, MD, Nangia, V, Nassereldine, H, Natto, ZS, Nayak, BP, Negoi, I, Nejadghaderi, SA, Nepal, S, Kandel, SN, Noroozi, N, Nunez-Samudio, V, Nzoputam, OJ, Nzoputam, CI, Ochir, C, Odhiambo, JN, Odukoya, OO, Okati-Aliabad, H, Okonji, OC, Olagunju, AT, Bali, AO, Omer, E, Otoiu, A, Otstavnov, SS, Otstavnov, N, Oumer, B, Owolabi, MO, Mahesh, PA, Padron-Monedero, A, Padubidri, JR, Fallahy, MTP, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandi-Perumal, SR, Pardhan, S, Park, E-K, Patel, SK, Pathan, AR, Pati, S, Paudel, U, Pawar, S, Pedersini, P, Peres, MFP, Petcu, I-R, Phillips, MR, Pillay, JD, Piracha, ZZ, Poursadeqiyan, M, Pourtaheri, N, Qattea, I, Radfar, A, Rafiee, A, Raghav, PR, Rahim, F, Rahman, MA, Rahman, FS, Rahman, M, Rahmani, AM, Rahmani, S, Moolambally, SR, Ramazanu, S, Ramezanzadeh, K, Rana, J, Rana, SM, Rao, CR, Rao, SJ, Rashedi, V, Rashidi, M-M, Rastogi, P, Rasul, A, Rawaf, S, Rawaf, DL, Rawal, L, Rawassizadeh, R, Rezaei, N, Rezaeian, M, Rezapour, A, Riad, A, Riaz, M, Rickard, J, Buendia Rodriguez, JA, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Roy, B, Manjula, S, Saad, AMA, Sabour, S, Sabzmakan, L, Saddik, B, Sadeghi, M, Saeb, MR, Saeed, U, Moghaddam, SS, Safi, SZ, Sahiledengle, B, Sahoo, H, Sahraian, MA, Saki, M, Salamati, P, Salehi, S, Salem, MR, Samy, AM, Sanabria, J, Santric-Milicevic, MM, Saqib, MAN, Sarikhani, Y, Sarveazad, A, Sathian, B, Satpathy, M, Saya, GK, Ceola Schneider, IJ, Schwebel, DC, Seddighi, H, Senthilkumaran, S, Seylani, A, Shabaninejad, H, Shafeghat, M, Shah, PA, Shahabi, S, Shahbandi, A, Shahraki-Sanavi, F, Shaikh, MA, Shaker, E, Shams-Beyranvand, M, Shanawaz, M, Shannawaz, M, Sharew, MMS, Sharma, N, Shashamo, BB, Shayan, M, Sheikhi, RA, Shen, J, Shetty, BSK, Shetty, PH, Shin, JI, Shitaye, NA, Shivakumar, KM, Shobeiri, P, Shorofi, SA, Shrestha, S, Siabani, S, Sidemo, NB, Simegn, W, Sinaei, E, Singh, P, Sinto, R, Siraj, MS, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Sleet, DA, Chandan, SN, Socea, B, Solmi, M, Solomon, Y, Song, Y, Sousa, RARC, Soyiri, IN, Stokes, MA, Suleman, M, Abdulkader, RS, Sun, J, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tabatabaei, SM, Tabish, M, Taheri, E, Soodejani, MT, Tampa, M, Tan, K-K, Tarigan, IU, Tariqujjaman, M, Tat, NY, Tat, VY, Tavakoli, A, Tefera, BN, Tefera, YM, Temesgen, G, Temsah, M-H, Thangaraju, P, Thapar, R, Thomas, NK, Ticoalu, JHV, Tincho, MB, Tiyuri, A, Togtmol, M, Tovani-Palone, MR, Mai, TNT, Ullah, S, Ullah, I, Umakanthan, S, Unnikrishnan, B, Upadhyay, E, Tahbaz, SV, Valdez, PR, Vasankari, TJ, Vaziri, S, Veroux, M, Vervoort, D, Violante, FS, Vlassov, V, Linh, GV, Waheed, Y, Wang, Y, Wang, Y-P, Wang, C, Wiangkham, T, Wickramasinghe, ND, Woday, AT, Wu, A-M, Yahya, GAT, Jabbari, SHY, Yang, L, Yaya, S, Yigit, A, Yigit, V, Yisihak, E, Yonemoto, N, You, Y, Younis, MZ, Yu, C, Yunusa, I, Yusefi, H, Zahir, M, Bin Zaman, S, Zare, I, Zarea, K, Zastrozhin, MS, Zhang, Z-J, Zhang, Y, Ziapour, A, Zodpey, S, Zoladl, M, Patton, GC, Ivers, RQ, Peden, AE, Cullen, P, Francis, KL, Moeller, H, Peden, MM, Ye, P, Tian, M, Zou, Z, Sawyer, SM, Aali, A, Abbasi-Kangevari, Z, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abdelmasseh, M, Abdoun, M, Abd-Rabu, R, Abdulah, DM, Abdurehman, AM, Abebe, G, Abebe, AM, Abedi, A, Abidi, H, Aboagye, RG, Ali, HA, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Adane, DE, Adane, TD, Addo, IY, Adewole, OG, Adhikari, S, Adnan, M, Adnani, QES, Afolabi, AAB, Afzal, S, Afzal, MS, Aghdam, ZB, Ahinkorah, BO, Ahmad, AR, Ahmad, T, Ahmad, S, Ahmadi, A, Ahmed, H, Ahmed, MB, Ahmed, A, Ahmed, JQ, Rashid, TA, Aithala, JP, Aji, B, Akhlaghdoust, M, Alahdab, F, Alanezi, FM, Alemayehu, A, Al Hamad, H, Ali, SS, Ali, L, Alimohamadi, Y, Alipour, V, Aljunid, SM, Almidani, L, Almustanyir, S, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Zakzuk, NJ, Ameyaw, EK, Amin, TT, Amir-Behghadami, M, Amiri, S, Amiri, H, Anagaw, TF, Andrei, T, Andrei, CL, Anvari, D, Anwar, SL, Anyasodor, AE, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Arja, A, Arulappan, J, Arumugam, A, Aryannejad, A, Asgary, S, Ashraf, T, Athari, SS, Atreya, A, Attia, S, Aujayeb, A, Awedew, AF, Azadnajafabad, S, Azangou-Khyavy, M, Azari, S, Jafari, AA, Azizi, H, Azzam, AY, Badiye, AD, Baghcheghi, N, Bagherieh, S, Baig, AA, Bakkannavar, SM, Balta, AB, Banach, M, Banik, PC, Bansal, H, Bardhan, M, Barone-Adesi, F, Barrow, A, Bashiri, A, Baskaran, P, Basu, S, Bayileyegn, NS, Bekel, AA, Bekele, AB, Bendak, S, Bensenor, IM, Berhie, AY, Bhagat, DS, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhardwaj, P, Bhardwaj, N, Bhaskar, S, Bhat, AN, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhutta, ZA, Bibi, S, Bintoro, BS, Bitaraf, S, Bodicha, BBA, Boloor, A, Bouaoud, S, Brown, J, Burkart, K, Butt, NS, Butt, MH, Camera, LA, Rincon, JCC, Cao, C, Carvalho, AF, Carvalho, M, Chakraborty, PA, Chandrasekar, EK, Chang, J-C, Charalampous, P, Charan, J, Chattu, VK, Chekole, BM, Chitheer, A, Cho, DY, Chopra, H, Christopher, DJ, Chukwu, IS, Cruz-Martins, N, Dadras, O, Dahlawi, SMA, Dai, X, Damiani, G, Darmstadt, GL, Soltani, RDC, Darwesh, AM, Das, S, Dastiridou, A, Debela, SA, Dehghan, A, Demeke, GM, Demetriades, AK, Demissie, S, Dessalegn, FN, Desta, AA, Dianatinasab, M, Diao, N, da Silva, DD, Diaz, D, Digesa, LE, Diress, M, Djalalinia, S, Linh, PD, Dodangeh, M, Doku, PN, Dongarwar, D, Dsouza, HL, Eini, E, Ekholuenetale, M, Ekundayo, TC, Elagali, AEM, Elbahnasawy, MA, Elhabashy, HR, Elhadi, M, Zaki, MES, Enyew, DB, Erkhembayar, R, Eskandarieh, S, Etaee, F, Fagbamigbe, AF, Faris, PS, Farmany, A, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Fatehizadeh, A, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Feroze, AH, Fetensa, G, Feyisa, BR, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Foroutan, B, Foroutan, M, Fowobaje, KR, Franklin, RC, Fukumoto, T, Gaal, PA, Gadanya, MA, Galali, Y, Galehdar, N, Ganesan, B, Garg, T, Gebrehiwot, MGD, Gebremariam, YH, Gela, YY, Gerema, U, Ghafourifard, M, Ghamari, S-H, Ghanbari, R, Nour, MG, Gholamalizadeh, M, Gholami, A, Gholamrezanezhad, A, Ghozy, S, Gilani, SA, Gill, TK, Gine-Vazquez, I, Girma, ZA, Glasbey, JC, Glozah, FN, Golechha, M, Goleij, P, Grivna, M, Guadie, HA, Gunawardane, DA, Guo, Y, Gupta, VB, Gupta, S, Gupta, B, Gupta, VK, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Halwani, R, Hamadeh, RR, Hameed, S, Hanfore, LK, Hanif, A, Hargono, A, Harlianto, NI, Harorani, M, Hasaballah, AI, Hasan, SMM, Hassan, A, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Havmoeller, RJ, Hay, SI, Heidari, M, Hendrie, D, Heyi, DZ, Hiraike, Y, Holla, R, Horita, N, Hossain, SJ, Hossain, MBH, Shabanan, SH, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, S, Hoveidaei, AH, Hsiao, AK, Hussain, S, Hussein, A, Ibitoye, SE, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Imani, B, Immurana, M, Inbaraj, LR, Islam, SMS, Islam, RM, Islam, MM, Ismail, NE, Merin, LJ, Jahrami, H, Jakovljevic, M, Janodia, MD, Javaheri, T, Jayapal, SK, Jayarajah, UU, Jayaraman, S, Jeganathan, J, Jemal, B, Jha, RP, Jonas, JB, Joo, T, Joseph, N, Jozwiak, JJ, Jurisson, M, Kabir, A, Kadashetti, V, Kadir, DH, Kalankesh, LR, Kalhor, R, Kamal, VK, Kamath, R, Kandel, H, Kantar, RS, Kapoor, N, Karami, H, Karaye, IM, Karkhah, S, Katoto, PDMC, Kauppila, JH, Kayode, GA, Keikavoosi-Arani, L, Keskin, C, Khader, YS, Khajuria, H, Khammarnia, M, Khan, EA, Khan, MN, Khan, M, Khan, YH, Khan, IA, Khan, A, Khan, MAB, Khanali, J, Khatatbeh, MM, Kashani, HRK, Khazaie, H, Khubchandani, J, Kifle, ZD, Kim, J, Kim, YJ, Kisa, S, Kisa, A, Kneib, CJ, Kompani, F, Koohestani, HR, Koul, PA, Laxminarayana, SLK, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Krishnamoorthy, V, Bicer, BK, Kumar, N, Kumar, M, Kurmi, OP, Laflamme, L, Lam, J, Landires, I, Larijani, B, Lasrado, S, Lauriola, P, La Vecchia, C, Lee, SWH, Lee, YH, Lee, S-W, Lee, W-C, Legesse, SM, Li, S, Lim, SS, Lorenzovici, L, Luke, AO, Madadizadeh, F, Madureira-Carvalho, AM, Abd El Razek, MM, Mahjoub, S, Mahmoodpoor, A, Mahmoudi, R, Mahmoudimanesh, M, Majeed, A, Makki, A, Rad, EM, Malekpour, M-R, Malik, AA, Mallhi, TH, Malta, DC, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, MA, Mathews, E, Maulud, SQ, Mazingi, D, Nasab, EM, Mendoza-Cano, O, Menezes, RG, Mengistu, DA, Mentis, A-FA, Meretoja, A, Mesregah, MK, Mestrovic, T, Gomide Nogueira de Sa, ACM, Miller, TR, Mirghaderi, SP, Mirica, A, Mirmoeeni, S, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mirza, M, Misra, S, Mithra, P, Mittal, C, Moberg, ME, Mohammadi, M, Mohammadi, S, Mohammadi, E, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, S, Mohammed, TA, Mohseni, M, Mokdad, AH, Momtazmanesh, S, Monasta, L, Moni, MA, Moreira, RS, Morrison, SD, Mostafavi, E, Isfahani, HM, Mubarik, S, Muccioli, L, Mukherjee, S, Mulita, F, Mustafa, G, Nagarajan, AJ, Naimzada, MD, Nangia, V, Nassereldine, H, Natto, ZS, Nayak, BP, Negoi, I, Nejadghaderi, SA, Nepal, S, Kandel, SN, Noroozi, N, Nunez-Samudio, V, Nzoputam, OJ, Nzoputam, CI, Ochir, C, Odhiambo, JN, Odukoya, OO, Okati-Aliabad, H, Okonji, OC, Olagunju, AT, Bali, AO, Omer, E, Otoiu, A, Otstavnov, SS, Otstavnov, N, Oumer, B, Owolabi, MO, Mahesh, PA, Padron-Monedero, A, Padubidri, JR, Fallahy, MTP, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandi-Perumal, SR, Pardhan, S, Park, E-K, Patel, SK, Pathan, AR, Pati, S, Paudel, U, Pawar, S, Pedersini, P, Peres, MFP, Petcu, I-R, Phillips, MR, Pillay, JD, Piracha, ZZ, Poursadeqiyan, M, Pourtaheri, N, Qattea, I, Radfar, A, Rafiee, A, Raghav, PR, Rahim, F, Rahman, MA, Rahman, FS, Rahman, M, Rahmani, AM, Rahmani, S, Moolambally, SR, Ramazanu, S, Ramezanzadeh, K, Rana, J, Rana, SM, Rao, CR, Rao, SJ, Rashedi, V, Rashidi, M-M, Rastogi, P, Rasul, A, Rawaf, S, Rawaf, DL, Rawal, L, Rawassizadeh, R, Rezaei, N, Rezaeian, M, Rezapour, A, Riad, A, Riaz, M, Rickard, J, Buendia Rodriguez, JA, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Roy, B, Manjula, S, Saad, AMA, Sabour, S, Sabzmakan, L, Saddik, B, Sadeghi, M, Saeb, MR, Saeed, U, Moghaddam, SS, Safi, SZ, Sahiledengle, B, Sahoo, H, Sahraian, MA, Saki, M, Salamati, P, Salehi, S, Salem, MR, Samy, AM, Sanabria, J, Santric-Milicevic, MM, Saqib, MAN, Sarikhani, Y, Sarveazad, A, Sathian, B, Satpathy, M, Saya, GK, Ceola Schneider, IJ, Schwebel, DC, Seddighi, H, Senthilkumaran, S, Seylani, A, Shabaninejad, H, Shafeghat, M, Shah, PA, Shahabi, S, Shahbandi, A, Shahraki-Sanavi, F, Shaikh, MA, Shaker, E, Shams-Beyranvand, M, Shanawaz, M, Shannawaz, M, Sharew, MMS, Sharma, N, Shashamo, BB, Shayan, M, Sheikhi, RA, Shen, J, Shetty, BSK, Shetty, PH, Shin, JI, Shitaye, NA, Shivakumar, KM, Shobeiri, P, Shorofi, SA, Shrestha, S, Siabani, S, Sidemo, NB, Simegn, W, Sinaei, E, Singh, P, Sinto, R, Siraj, MS, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Sleet, DA, Chandan, SN, Socea, B, Solmi, M, Solomon, Y, Song, Y, Sousa, RARC, Soyiri, IN, Stokes, MA, Suleman, M, Abdulkader, RS, Sun, J, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tabatabaei, SM, Tabish, M, Taheri, E, Soodejani, MT, Tampa, M, Tan, K-K, Tarigan, IU, Tariqujjaman, M, Tat, NY, Tat, VY, Tavakoli, A, Tefera, BN, Tefera, YM, Temesgen, G, Temsah, M-H, Thangaraju, P, Thapar, R, Thomas, NK, Ticoalu, JHV, Tincho, MB, Tiyuri, A, Togtmol, M, Tovani-Palone, MR, Mai, TNT, Ullah, S, Ullah, I, Umakanthan, S, Unnikrishnan, B, Upadhyay, E, Tahbaz, SV, Valdez, PR, Vasankari, TJ, Vaziri, S, Veroux, M, Vervoort, D, Violante, FS, Vlassov, V, Linh, GV, Waheed, Y, Wang, Y, Wang, Y-P, Wang, C, Wiangkham, T, Wickramasinghe, ND, Woday, AT, Wu, A-M, Yahya, GAT, Jabbari, SHY, Yang, L, Yaya, S, Yigit, A, Yigit, V, Yisihak, E, Yonemoto, N, You, Y, Younis, MZ, Yu, C, Yunusa, I, Yusefi, H, Zahir, M, Bin Zaman, S, Zare, I, Zarea, K, Zastrozhin, MS, Zhang, Z-J, Zhang, Y, Ziapour, A, Zodpey, S, Zoladl, M, Patton, GC, and Ivers, RQ
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Globally, transport and unintentional injuries persist as leading preventable causes of mortality and morbidity for adolescents. We sought to report comprehensive trends in injury-related mortality and morbidity for adolescents aged 10-24 years during the past three decades. METHODS: Using the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2019 Study, we analysed mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributed to transport and unintentional injuries for adolescents in 204 countries. Burden is reported in absolute numbers and age-standardised rates per 100 000 population by sex, age group (10-14, 15-19, and 20-24 years), and sociodemographic index (SDI) with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). We report percentage changes in deaths and DALYs between 1990 and 2019. FINDINGS: In 2019, 369 061 deaths (of which 214 337 [58%] were transport related) and 31·1 million DALYs (of which 16·2 million [52%] were transport related) among adolescents aged 10-24 years were caused by transport and unintentional injuries combined. If compared with other causes, transport and unintentional injuries combined accounted for 25% of deaths and 14% of DALYs in 2019, and showed little improvement from 1990 when such injuries accounted for 26% of adolescent deaths and 17% of adolescent DALYs. Throughout adolescence, transport and unintentional injury fatality rates increased by age group. The unintentional injury burden was higher among males than females for all injury types, except for injuries related to fire, heat, and hot substances, or to adverse effects of medical treatment. From 1990 to 2019, global mortality rates declined by 34·4% (from 17·5 to 11·5 per 100 000) for transport injuries, and by 47·7% (from 15·9 to 8·3 per 100 000) for unintentional injuries. However, in low-SDI nations the absolute number of deaths increased (by 80·5% to 42 774 for transport injuries and by 39·4% to 31 961 for unintentional injuries). In the high-SDI quintile in 2010-19
Published: 2022

6. Optimisation of biodiesel production from mixed Sterculia foetida and rice bran oil

Author: Kusumo, F, Mahlia, TMI, Shamsuddin, AH, Ahmad, AR, Silitonga, AS, Dharma, S, Mofijur, M, Ideris, F, Ong, HC, Sebayang, R, Milano, J, Hassan, MH, Varman, M, Kusumo, F, Mahlia, TMI, Shamsuddin, AH, Ahmad, AR, Silitonga, AS, Dharma, S, Mofijur, M, Ideris, F, Ong, HC, Sebayang, R, Milano, J, Hassan, MH, and Varman, M
Abstract: The present study is to investigate the feasibility of mixed non-edible oils, Sterculia foetida (SFO), and rice bran oil (RBO) for biodiesel production. The transesterification process variables of SFO50RBO50 as the suitable blend were optimised using response surface methodology. The optimum conditions of the transesterification process are as follow; KOH catalyst concentration of 0.7% wt, the ratio of methanol to oil of 42%, the reaction time of 50.64 min, resulted in the methyl ester yield of 98.93%. The result shows that the SF50RB50 methyl ester properties satisfy the biodiesel requirements laid in ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards.
Published: 2022

7. Population-level risks of alcohol consumption by amount, geography, age, sex, and year: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2020

Author: Bryazka, D, Reitsma, MB, Griswold, MG, Abate, KH, Abbafati, C, Kangevari, MA, Kangevari, ZA, Abdoli, A, Abdollahi, M, Abdullah, AYM, Abhilash, ES, Abu Gharbieh, E, Acuna, JM, Addolorato, G, Adebayo, OM, Adekanmbi, V, Adhikari, K, Adhikari, S, Adnani, QES, Afzal, S, Agegnehu, WY, Aggarwal, M, Ahinkorah, BO, Ahmad, AR, Ahmad, S, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed, H, Rashid, TA, Akunna, CJ, Al Hamad, H, Alam, MZ, Alem, DT, Alene, KA, Alimohamadi, Y, Alizadeh, A, Allel, K, Alonso, J, Alvand, S, Guzman, NA, Amare, F, Ameyaw, EK, Amiri, S, Ancuceanu, R, Anderson, JA, Andrei, CL, Andrei, T, Arabloo, J, Arshad, M, Artamonov, AA, Aryan, Z, Asaad, M, Asemahagn, MA, Burt, TA, Athari, SS, Atnafu, DD, Atorkey, P, Atreya, A, Ausloos, F, Ausloos, M, Ayano, G, Ayanore, MA, Ayinde, OO, Mateos, JLA, Azadnajafabad, S, Azanaw, MM, Khyavy, MA, Jafari, AA, Azzam, AY, Badiye, AD, Bagheri, N, Bagherieh, S, Bairwa, M, Bakkannavar, SM, Bakshi, RK, Balchut, AH, Null, T, Barra, F, Barrow, A, Baskaran, P, Belo, L, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhala, N, Bhalla, A, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhaskar, S, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhojaraja, VS, Bintoro, BS, Blokhina, EAE, Bodicha, BBA, Boloor, A, Bosetti, C, Braithwaite, D, Brenner, H, Briko, NI, Brunoni, AR, Butt, ZA, Cao, C, Cao, Y, Cardenas, R, Carvalho, AF, Carvalho, M, Maia, JMC, Castelpietra, G, de Araujo, LFSC, Cattaruzza, MS, Chakraborty, PA, Charan, J, Chattu, VK, Chaurasia, A, Cherbuin, N, Dinh, TC, Chudal, N, Chung, SC, Churko, C, Ciobanu, LG, Cirillo, M, Claro, RM, Costanzo, S, Cowden, RG, Criqui, MH, Martins, NC, Culbreth, GT, Dachew, BA, Dadras, O, Dai, X, Damiani, G, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daniel, BD, Danielewicz, A, Gela, JD, Davletov, K, de Araujo, JAP, de Sa Junior, AR, Debela, SA, Dehghan, A, Demetriades, AK, Molla, MD, Desai, R, Desta, AA, da Silva, DD, Diaz, D, Digesa, LE, Diress, M, Dodangeh, M, Dongarwar, D, Dorostkar, F, Dsouza, HL, Duko, B, Duncan, BB, Edvardsson, K, Ekholuenetale, M, Elgar, FJ, Elhadi, M, Elmonem, MA, Endries, AY, Eskandarieh, S, Etemadimanesh, A, Fagbamigbe, AF, Fakhradiyev, IR, Farahmand, F, Sa Farinha, CSE, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Fatehizadeh, A, Fauk, NK, Feigin, VL, Feldman, R, Feng, X, Fentaw, Z, Ferrero, S, Desideri, LF, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Francis, JM, Franklin, RC, Gaal, PA, Gad, MM, Gallus, S, Galvano, F, Ganesan, B, Garg, T, Gebrehiwot, MGD, Gebremeskel, TG, Gebremichael, MA, Gemechu, TR, Getacher, L, Getachew, ME, Obsa, AG, Getie, A, Ghaderi, A, Ghafourifard, M, Ghajar, A, Ghamari, SH, Ghandour, LA, Nour, MG, Ghashghaee, A, Ghozy, S, Glozah, FN, Glushkova, EV, Godos, J, Goel, A, Goharinezhad, S, Golechha, M, Goleij, P, Golitaleb, M, Greaves, F, Grivna, M, Grosso, G, Gudayu, TW, Gupta, B, Gupta, R, Gupta, S, Gupta, VB, Gupta, VK, Nejad, NH, Mirzaian, AH, Hall, BJ, Halwani, R, Handiso, TB, Hankey, GJ, Hariri, S, Haro, JM, Hasaballah, A, Moghaddam, HH, Hay, S, Hayat, K, Heidari, G, Heidari, M, Hendrie, D, Herteliu, C, Heyi, DZ, Hezam, K, Hlongwa, MM, Holla, R, Hossain, MM, Hossain, S, Hosseini, SK, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Hu, G, Huang, J, Hussain, S, Ibitoye, SE, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Immurana, M, Irham, LM, Islam, MM, Islam, RM, Islam, SMS, Iso, H, Itumalla, R, Iwagami, M, Jabbarinejad, R, Jacob, L, Jakovljevic, M, Jamalpoor, Z, Jamshidi, E, Jayapal, SK, Jayarajah, UU, Jayawardena, R, Jebai, R, Jeddi, SA, Jema, AT, Jha, RP, Jindal, HA, Jonas, JB, Joo, T, Joseph, N, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, JJ, Jurisson, M, Kabir, A, Kabthymer, RH, Kamble, BD, Kandel, H, Kanno, GG, Kapoor, N, Karaye, IM, Karimi, SE, Kassa, BG, Kaur, RJ, Kayode, GA, Keykhaei, M, Khajuria, H, Khalilov, R, Khan, IA, Ab Khan, M, Kim, H, Kim, J, Kim, MS, Kimokoti, RW, Kivimaki, M, Klymchuk, V, Knudsen, AKS, Kolahi, AA, Korshunov, VA, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Krishnamoorthy, Y, Kumar, GA, Kumar, N, Ben, L, Lallukka, T, Lasrado, S, Lau, J, Lee, SW, Lee, WC, Lee, YH, Lim, LL, Lim, SS, Lobo, SW, Lopukhov, PD, Lorkowski, S, Lozano, R, Lucchetti, G, Madadizadeh, F, Mahjoub, S, Mahmoodpoor, A, Mahumud, RA, Makki, A, Malekpour, MR, Manjunatha, N, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, MA, Raga, JM, Villa, FAM, Matzopoulos, R, Maulik, PK, Mayeli, M, McGrath, JJ, Meena, JK, Nasab, EM, Menezes, RG, Mensink, GBM, Mentis, AFA, Meretoja, A, Merga, BT, Mestrovic, T, Jonasson, JM, Miazgowski, B, de Sa, ACMGN, Miller, TR, Mini, G, Mirica, A, Mirijello, A, Mirmoeeni, S, Mirrakhimov, EM, Misra, S, Moazen, B, Mobarakabadi, M, Moccia, M, Mohammad, Y, Mohammadi, E, Hafshejani, AM, Mohammed, TA, Moka, N, Mokdad, AH, Momtazmanesh, S, Moradi, Y, Mostafavi, E, Mubarik, S, Mullany, EC, Mulugeta, BT, Zamora, EM, Murray, CJL, Mwita, JC, Naghavi, M, Naimzada, MD, Nangia, V, Nayak, BP, Negoi, I, Negoi, RI, Nejadghaderi, SA, Nepal, S, Neupane, SPP, Kandel, SN, Nigatu, YT, Nowroozi, A, Nuruzzaman, KM, Nzoputam, CI, Obamiro, KO, Ogbo, FA, Oguntade, AS, Aliabad, HO, Olakunde, BO, Oliveira, GMM, Bali, AO, Omer, E, Altamirano, DVO, Otoiu, A, Otstavnov, SS, Oumer, B, Mahesh, PA, Monedero, AP, Palladino, R, Pana, A, Jonas, SP, Pandey, A, Pardhan, S, Parekh, T, Park, EK, Parry, CDH, Kan, FP, Patel, J, Pati, S, Patton, GC, Paudel, U, Pawar, S, Peden, AE, Petcu, IR, Phillips, MR, Pinheiro, M, Plotnikov, E, Pradhan, PMS, Prashant, A, Quan, J, Radfar, A, Rafiei, A, Raghav, PR, Movaghar, VR, Rahman, A, Rahman, MM, Rahman, M, Rahmani, AM, Rahmani, S, Ranabhat, CL, Ranasinghe, P, Rao, CR, Rasali, DP, Rashidi, MM, Ratan, ZA, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Rawal, L, Renzaho, AMN, Rezaei, N, Rezaei, S, Rezaeian, M, Riahi, SM, Rodriguez, ER, Roth, GA, Rwegerera, GM, Saddik, B, Sadeghi, E, Sadeghian, R, Saeed, U, Saeedi, F, Sagar, R, Sahebkar, A, Sahoo, H, Sahraian, MA, Rahman, KSU, Salahi, S, Salimzadeh, H, Samy, AM, Sanmarchi, F, Milicevic, MMS, Sarikhani, Y, Sathian, B, Saya, GK, Sayyah, M, Schmidt, MI, Schutte, AE, Schwarzinger, M, Schwebel, DC, Seidu, AA, Kumar, NS, SeyedAlinaghi, S, Seylani, A, Sha, F, Shahin, S, Sanavi, FS, Shahrokhi, S, Shaikh, MA, Shaker, E, Shakhmardanov, MZ, Beyranvand, MS, Sheikhbahaei, S, Sheikhi, RA, Shetty, A, Shetty, JK, Shiferaw, DS, Shigematsu, M, Shiri, R, Shirkoohi, R, Shivakumar, KM, Shivarov, V, Shobeiri, P, Shrestha, R, Sidemo, NB, Sigfusdottir, ID, Silva, DAS, da Silva, NT, Singh, JA, Singh, S, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Sleet, DA, Solmi, M, Solomon, Y, Song, S, Song, Y, Sorensen, RJD, Soshnikov, S, Soyiri, IN, Stein, DJ, Subba, SH, Szocska, M, Seisdedos, RT, Tabuchi, T, Taheri, M, Tan, KK, Tareke, M, Tarkang, EE, Temesgen, G, Temesgen, WA, Temsah, MH, Thankappan, KR, Thapar, R, Thomas, NK, Tiruneh, C, Todorovic, J, Torrado, M, Touvier, M, Palone, MRT, Mai, TNT, Llimos, ST, Tripathy, JP, Vakilian, A, Valizadeh, R, Varmaghani, M, Varthya, SB, Vasankari, TJ, Vos, T, Wagaye, B, Waheed, Y, Walde, MT, Wang, C, Wang, Y, Wang, YP, Westerman, R, Wickramasinghe, ND, Wubetu, AD, Xu, S, Yamagishi, K, Yang, L, Yesera, GEE, Yigit, A, Yigit, V, Yimaw, AE, Yon, DK, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Zadey, S, Zahir, M, Zare, I, Zastrozhin, MS, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, ZJ, Zhong, C, Zmaili, M, Zuniga, YMH, Gakidou, E, Madureira-Carvalho, AM, Bryazka, D, Reitsma, MB, Griswold, MG, Abate, KH, Abbafati, C, Kangevari, MA, Kangevari, ZA, Abdoli, A, Abdollahi, M, Abdullah, AYM, Abhilash, ES, Abu Gharbieh, E, Acuna, JM, Addolorato, G, Adebayo, OM, Adekanmbi, V, Adhikari, K, Adhikari, S, Adnani, QES, Afzal, S, Agegnehu, WY, Aggarwal, M, Ahinkorah, BO, Ahmad, AR, Ahmad, S, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed, H, Rashid, TA, Akunna, CJ, Al Hamad, H, Alam, MZ, Alem, DT, Alene, KA, Alimohamadi, Y, Alizadeh, A, Allel, K, Alonso, J, Alvand, S, Guzman, NA, Amare, F, Ameyaw, EK, Amiri, S, Ancuceanu, R, Anderson, JA, Andrei, CL, Andrei, T, Arabloo, J, Arshad, M, Artamonov, AA, Aryan, Z, Asaad, M, Asemahagn, MA, Burt, TA, Athari, SS, Atnafu, DD, Atorkey, P, Atreya, A, Ausloos, F, Ausloos, M, Ayano, G, Ayanore, MA, Ayinde, OO, Mateos, JLA, Azadnajafabad, S, Azanaw, MM, Khyavy, MA, Jafari, AA, Azzam, AY, Badiye, AD, Bagheri, N, Bagherieh, S, Bairwa, M, Bakkannavar, SM, Bakshi, RK, Balchut, AH, Null, T, Barra, F, Barrow, A, Baskaran, P, Belo, L, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhala, N, Bhalla, A, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhaskar, S, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhojaraja, VS, Bintoro, BS, Blokhina, EAE, Bodicha, BBA, Boloor, A, Bosetti, C, Braithwaite, D, Brenner, H, Briko, NI, Brunoni, AR, Butt, ZA, Cao, C, Cao, Y, Cardenas, R, Carvalho, AF, Carvalho, M, Maia, JMC, Castelpietra, G, de Araujo, LFSC, Cattaruzza, MS, Chakraborty, PA, Charan, J, Chattu, VK, Chaurasia, A, Cherbuin, N, Dinh, TC, Chudal, N, Chung, SC, Churko, C, Ciobanu, LG, Cirillo, M, Claro, RM, Costanzo, S, Cowden, RG, Criqui, MH, Martins, NC, Culbreth, GT, Dachew, BA, Dadras, O, Dai, X, Damiani, G, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daniel, BD, Danielewicz, A, Gela, JD, Davletov, K, de Araujo, JAP, de Sa Junior, AR, Debela, SA, Dehghan, A, Demetriades, AK, Molla, MD, Desai, R, Desta, AA, da Silva, DD, Diaz, D, Digesa, LE, Diress, M, Dodangeh, M, Dongarwar, D, Dorostkar, F, Dsouza, HL, Duko, B, Duncan, BB, Edvardsson, K, Ekholuenetale, M, Elgar, FJ, Elhadi, M, Elmonem, MA, Endries, AY, Eskandarieh, S, Etemadimanesh, A, Fagbamigbe, AF, Fakhradiyev, IR, Farahmand, F, Sa Farinha, CSE, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Fatehizadeh, A, Fauk, NK, Feigin, VL, Feldman, R, Feng, X, Fentaw, Z, Ferrero, S, Desideri, LF, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Francis, JM, Franklin, RC, Gaal, PA, Gad, MM, Gallus, S, Galvano, F, Ganesan, B, Garg, T, Gebrehiwot, MGD, Gebremeskel, TG, Gebremichael, MA, Gemechu, TR, Getacher, L, Getachew, ME, Obsa, AG, Getie, A, Ghaderi, A, Ghafourifard, M, Ghajar, A, Ghamari, SH, Ghandour, LA, Nour, MG, Ghashghaee, A, Ghozy, S, Glozah, FN, Glushkova, EV, Godos, J, Goel, A, Goharinezhad, S, Golechha, M, Goleij, P, Golitaleb, M, Greaves, F, Grivna, M, Grosso, G, Gudayu, TW, Gupta, B, Gupta, R, Gupta, S, Gupta, VB, Gupta, VK, Nejad, NH, Mirzaian, AH, Hall, BJ, Halwani, R, Handiso, TB, Hankey, GJ, Hariri, S, Haro, JM, Hasaballah, A, Moghaddam, HH, Hay, S, Hayat, K, Heidari, G, Heidari, M, Hendrie, D, Herteliu, C, Heyi, DZ, Hezam, K, Hlongwa, MM, Holla, R, Hossain, MM, Hossain, S, Hosseini, SK, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Hu, G, Huang, J, Hussain, S, Ibitoye, SE, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Immurana, M, Irham, LM, Islam, MM, Islam, RM, Islam, SMS, Iso, H, Itumalla, R, Iwagami, M, Jabbarinejad, R, Jacob, L, Jakovljevic, M, Jamalpoor, Z, Jamshidi, E, Jayapal, SK, Jayarajah, UU, Jayawardena, R, Jebai, R, Jeddi, SA, Jema, AT, Jha, RP, Jindal, HA, Jonas, JB, Joo, T, Joseph, N, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, JJ, Jurisson, M, Kabir, A, Kabthymer, RH, Kamble, BD, Kandel, H, Kanno, GG, Kapoor, N, Karaye, IM, Karimi, SE, Kassa, BG, Kaur, RJ, Kayode, GA, Keykhaei, M, Khajuria, H, Khalilov, R, Khan, IA, Ab Khan, M, Kim, H, Kim, J, Kim, MS, Kimokoti, RW, Kivimaki, M, Klymchuk, V, Knudsen, AKS, Kolahi, AA, Korshunov, VA, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Krishnamoorthy, Y, Kumar, GA, Kumar, N, Ben, L, Lallukka, T, Lasrado, S, Lau, J, Lee, SW, Lee, WC, Lee, YH, Lim, LL, Lim, SS, Lobo, SW, Lopukhov, PD, Lorkowski, S, Lozano, R, Lucchetti, G, Madadizadeh, F, Mahjoub, S, Mahmoodpoor, A, Mahumud, RA, Makki, A, Malekpour, MR, Manjunatha, N, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, MA, Raga, JM, Villa, FAM, Matzopoulos, R, Maulik, PK, Mayeli, M, McGrath, JJ, Meena, JK, Nasab, EM, Menezes, RG, Mensink, GBM, Mentis, AFA, Meretoja, A, Merga, BT, Mestrovic, T, Jonasson, JM, Miazgowski, B, de Sa, ACMGN, Miller, TR, Mini, G, Mirica, A, Mirijello, A, Mirmoeeni, S, Mirrakhimov, EM, Misra, S, Moazen, B, Mobarakabadi, M, Moccia, M, Mohammad, Y, Mohammadi, E, Hafshejani, AM, Mohammed, TA, Moka, N, Mokdad, AH, Momtazmanesh, S, Moradi, Y, Mostafavi, E, Mubarik, S, Mullany, EC, Mulugeta, BT, Zamora, EM, Murray, CJL, Mwita, JC, Naghavi, M, Naimzada, MD, Nangia, V, Nayak, BP, Negoi, I, Negoi, RI, Nejadghaderi, SA, Nepal, S, Neupane, SPP, Kandel, SN, Nigatu, YT, Nowroozi, A, Nuruzzaman, KM, Nzoputam, CI, Obamiro, KO, Ogbo, FA, Oguntade, AS, Aliabad, HO, Olakunde, BO, Oliveira, GMM, Bali, AO, Omer, E, Altamirano, DVO, Otoiu, A, Otstavnov, SS, Oumer, B, Mahesh, PA, Monedero, AP, Palladino, R, Pana, A, Jonas, SP, Pandey, A, Pardhan, S, Parekh, T, Park, EK, Parry, CDH, Kan, FP, Patel, J, Pati, S, Patton, GC, Paudel, U, Pawar, S, Peden, AE, Petcu, IR, Phillips, MR, Pinheiro, M, Plotnikov, E, Pradhan, PMS, Prashant, A, Quan, J, Radfar, A, Rafiei, A, Raghav, PR, Movaghar, VR, Rahman, A, Rahman, MM, Rahman, M, Rahmani, AM, Rahmani, S, Ranabhat, CL, Ranasinghe, P, Rao, CR, Rasali, DP, Rashidi, MM, Ratan, ZA, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Rawal, L, Renzaho, AMN, Rezaei, N, Rezaei, S, Rezaeian, M, Riahi, SM, Rodriguez, ER, Roth, GA, Rwegerera, GM, Saddik, B, Sadeghi, E, Sadeghian, R, Saeed, U, Saeedi, F, Sagar, R, Sahebkar, A, Sahoo, H, Sahraian, MA, Rahman, KSU, Salahi, S, Salimzadeh, H, Samy, AM, Sanmarchi, F, Milicevic, MMS, Sarikhani, Y, Sathian, B, Saya, GK, Sayyah, M, Schmidt, MI, Schutte, AE, Schwarzinger, M, Schwebel, DC, Seidu, AA, Kumar, NS, SeyedAlinaghi, S, Seylani, A, Sha, F, Shahin, S, Sanavi, FS, Shahrokhi, S, Shaikh, MA, Shaker, E, Shakhmardanov, MZ, Beyranvand, MS, Sheikhbahaei, S, Sheikhi, RA, Shetty, A, Shetty, JK, Shiferaw, DS, Shigematsu, M, Shiri, R, Shirkoohi, R, Shivakumar, KM, Shivarov, V, Shobeiri, P, Shrestha, R, Sidemo, NB, Sigfusdottir, ID, Silva, DAS, da Silva, NT, Singh, JA, Singh, S, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Sleet, DA, Solmi, M, Solomon, Y, Song, S, Song, Y, Sorensen, RJD, Soshnikov, S, Soyiri, IN, Stein, DJ, Subba, SH, Szocska, M, Seisdedos, RT, Tabuchi, T, Taheri, M, Tan, KK, Tareke, M, Tarkang, EE, Temesgen, G, Temesgen, WA, Temsah, MH, Thankappan, KR, Thapar, R, Thomas, NK, Tiruneh, C, Todorovic, J, Torrado, M, Touvier, M, Palone, MRT, Mai, TNT, Llimos, ST, Tripathy, JP, Vakilian, A, Valizadeh, R, Varmaghani, M, Varthya, SB, Vasankari, TJ, Vos, T, Wagaye, B, Waheed, Y, Walde, MT, Wang, C, Wang, Y, Wang, YP, Westerman, R, Wickramasinghe, ND, Wubetu, AD, Xu, S, Yamagishi, K, Yang, L, Yesera, GEE, Yigit, A, Yigit, V, Yimaw, AE, Yon, DK, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Zadey, S, Zahir, M, Zare, I, Zastrozhin, MS, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, ZJ, Zhong, C, Zmaili, M, Zuniga, YMH, Gakidou, E, and Madureira-Carvalho, AM
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The health risks associated with moderate alcohol consumption continue to be debated. Small amounts of alcohol might lower the risk of some health outcomes but increase the risk of others, suggesting that the overall risk depends, in part, on background disease rates, which vary by region, age, sex, and year. METHODS: For this analysis, we constructed burden-weighted dose-response relative risk curves across 22 health outcomes to estimate the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL) and non-drinker equivalence (NDE), the consumption level at which the health risk is equivalent to that of a non-drinker, using disease rates from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2020 for 21 regions, including 204 countries and territories, by 5-year age group, sex, and year for individuals aged 15-95 years and older from 1990 to 2020. Based on the NDE, we quantified the population consuming harmful amounts of alcohol. FINDINGS: The burden-weighted relative risk curves for alcohol use varied by region and age. Among individuals aged 15-39 years in 2020, the TMREL varied between 0 (95% uncertainty interval 0-0) and 0·603 (0·400-1·00) standard drinks per day, and the NDE varied between 0·002 (0-0) and 1·75 (0·698-4·30) standard drinks per day. Among individuals aged 40 years and older, the burden-weighted relative risk curve was J-shaped for all regions, with a 2020 TMREL that ranged from 0·114 (0-0·403) to 1·87 (0·500-3·30) standard drinks per day and an NDE that ranged between 0·193 (0-0·900) and 6·94 (3·40-8·30) standard drinks per day. Among individuals consuming harmful amounts of alcohol in 2020, 59·1% (54·3-65·4) were aged 15-39 years and 76·9% (73·0-81·3) were male. INTERPRETATION: There is strong evidence to support recommendations on alcohol consumption varying by age and location. Stronger interventions, particularly those tailored towards younger individuals, are needed to reduce the substantial global health loss attribu
Published: 2022

8. Early Experience of Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty in a Public Hospital in Malaysia

Author: Sam Cx, Ahmad Ar, Anwar Az, and Solayar Gn
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Arthritis, Osteoarthritis, proximal humerus, replacement, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Arthropathy, medicine, Original Study, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Rotator cuff, Orthopedic surgery, 030222 orthopedics, business.industry, Shoulder Fracture, 030229 sport sciences, medicine.disease, rotator cuff, shoulder fractures, Arthroplasty, Surgery, medicine.anatomical_structure, Emergency Medicine, Tears, business, Range of motion, RD701-811, arthropathy
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty provides a surgical alternative to standard total shoulder arthroplasty for the treatment of cuff tear arthropathy, arthritis and fracture sequelae. This study aimed to assess the short-term outcomes following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for patients in a large public hospital in Malaysia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified and performed five primary reverse total shoulder arthroplasties between 1 May 2019 and 1 June 2020. All patients were contactable and available for analysis. Assessment of functional outcomes was performed using the Constant-Murley score, the patient satisfaction score (PSS), and imaging studies. The mean follow-up from operation to the time of reporting was 9.6 months (range, 3 to 14 months) RESULTS: The median age for our patients was 58 years (±11.91). The most common indication for surgery was posttraumatic arthritis, followed by rotator cuff arthropathy and osteoarthritis. The mean Constant score improved from 9.0 pre-operatively to 52.3 post-operatively at a mean of 9.6 months. The majority of the patients were satisfied with the surgery as the post-operative range of motion, especially anterior elevation and abduction, improved in four of our patients and there were no short-term complications, for example, of infection or revisions, reported at the last followup. CONCLUSION: This study has shown that reverse total shoulder arthroplasty can yield good short-term outcomes for the treatment of complex shoulder problems in addition to cuff tear arthropathy. It should be considered a treatment for rotator cuff tears, severe arthritis and ≥ 3 parts proximal humeral fractures.
Published: 2021

9. Eksistensi Aktivitas Kebudayaan dalam Mengawal Peradaban Kehidupan Sosial: Tradisi Sekatenan Keraton Yogyakarta Perspektif Teori Solidaritas Emile Durkheim

Author: Muhammad Syafi'i Ahmad Ar. and Muhammad Sultan Latif
Subjects: Social life, Entertainment, Civilization, Social level, Cultural activities, media_common.quotation_subject, Religious doctrine, Kraton, General Medicine, Sociology, Religious studies, Solidarity, media_common
Abstract: This article discusses how the existence of cultural activities especially is the tradition of Sekatenan Kraton Yogyakarta in guarding the civilization development of social life, trough Emile Durkheim's perspective. The method used is analytic-critic-observative. Sekatenan Kraton Yogyakarta when viewed from the perspective of Emile Durkheim's solidarity theory, there are there factors that drive this tradition. First, the existence of religious doctrine. Second, there is the involvement of every social level line. Third, there is an interest in the economic sector, namely peddling people's entertainment and some cheap merchandise to residents which was held on 1-10 Rabi'ul awwal. Based on these three elements, the Sekatenan Kraton Yogyakarta tradition provides several contributions in building a civilization of social life. First, improve spirit of religious quality. Second, as a manifestation in brotherhood strengthening and improve the relationships quality between each other. Third, improve the economics quality of the Yogyakarta citizens.
Published: 2021

10. Futuristic Healthcare Facility Shaping Better Patient Experience: An Overview of KSA Facility

Author: Ahmad, Ar. Safeer, primary
Published: 2021
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11. Contamination of Drinking Wells in Tobacco Areas of Kelantan, Malaysia

Author: International Association of Hydrogeologists. Congress (25th : 1994 : Adelaide, S. Aust.), Sharma, ML, Ahmed, M, Richards, Q, Aminuddin, BY, Cheah, UB, Ahmad, AR, Mohammud, CH, Zulkefli, M, Lum, KY, and Zain, M
Published: 1994

12. Optimization of biodiesel production from mixed ceiba pentandra and rice bran oil assisted by ultrasound

Author: Kusumo, F, Shamsuddin, AH, Ahmad, AR, Silitonga, AS, and Fazril, I
Subjects: 0915 Interdisciplinary Engineering
Abstract: The current research aims to examine the feasibility of production of biodiesel with non-edible mixed oils, Ceiba Pentandra Oil (CPO) and Rice Bran Oil (RBO).Several blends of CPO and RBO, ranging from 10:90 to 50:50% w/w were put under evaluation. The transesterification process variables of CP50RB50 as the suitable blend using exposure surface methodology, they were enhanced (RSM). The proportion of methanol to gasoline, the time of reaction and the concentration of the catalyst were both the key process parameters tested.An response surface transesterification process conditions such as KOH catalyst concentration are preferable: 0.83 percentage wt, methanol to oil ratio: 55.36%, reacted for 18.58 min18.58 min, with methyl ester yield of 98.7 %. The result indicates that the CP50RB50 methyl ester properties satisfy the biodiesel requirements as laid in standards, ASTM D6751 and EN 14214.
Published: 2020

13. Eksistensi Aktivitas Kebudayaan dalam Mengawal Peradaban Kehidupan Sosial: Tradisi Sekatenan Keraton Yogyakarta Perspektif Teori Solidaritas Emile Durkheim

Author: Latif, Muhammad Sultan, primary and Ahmad Ar., Muhammad Syafi'i, additional
Published: 2021
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14. Wide Awake Local Anesthesia No Tourniquet (WALANT) versus General Anesthesia for Plating Distal Radius Fractures

Author: Ahmad, AA, Liew, MY, Ahmad, AR, Ahmad, AA, Liew, MY, and Ahmad, AR
Published: 2020

15. Successful Outcome Following Bilateral Dual-Mobility Total Hip Arthroplasty For Neglected Developmental Dysplasia Of The Hip – A Case Report

Author: M.Asyraf, AH, primary, Ahmad, AR, additional, and Solayar, GN, additional
Published: 2020
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16. SCREW FIXATION OF MEDIAL EPICONDYLE OF HUMERUS USING THE WIDE-AWAKE TECHNIQUE

Author: Amiruddin, AS, primary, Ahmad, AA, additional, and Ahmad, AR, additional
Published: 2020
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17. Patella Fracture Fixation Via Wide Awake Local Anesthesia No Tourniquet (Walant) Technique

Author: Shamsudin, Z, primary, Ahmad, AA, additional, and Ahmad, AR, additional
Published: 2020
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18. TRAUMATIC DORSAL DISLOCATION OF INTERMEDIATE CUNEIFORM : A RARE MIDFOOT INJURY

Author: Shamsudin, Z, primary, Abdull Sitar, MN, additional, Alias, A, additional, and Ahmad, AR, additional
Published: 2020
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19. The effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes-additive in physicochemical property of rice brand methyl ester: Optimization analysis

Author: Kusumo, F, Mahlia, TMI, Shamsuddin, AH, Ong, HC, Ahmad, AR, Ismail, Z, Ong, ZC, Silitonga, AS, Kusumo, F, Mahlia, TMI, Shamsuddin, AH, Ong, HC, Ahmad, AR, Ismail, Z, Ong, ZC, and Silitonga, AS
Abstract: © 2019 by the authors. Biodiesel as an alternative to diesel fuel produced from vegetable oils or animal fats has attracted more and more attention because it is renewable and environmentally friendly. Compared to conventional diesel fuel, biodiesel has slightly lower performance in engine combustion due to the lower calorific value that leads to lower power generated. This study investigates the effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as an additive to the rice bran methyl ester (RBME). Artificial neural network (ANN) and response surface methodology (RSM) was used for predicting the calorific value. The interaction effects of parameters such as dosage of MWCNTs, size of MWCNTs and reaction time on the calorific value of RBME were studied. Comparison of RSM and ANN performance was evaluated based on the correlation coefficient (R2), the root mean square error (RMSE), the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and the average absolute deviation (AAD) showed that the ANN model had better performance (R2 = 0.9808, RMSE = 0.0164, MAPE = 0.0017, AAD = 0.173) compare to RSM (R2 = 0.9746, RMSE = 0.0170, MAPE = 0.0028, AAD = 0.279). The optimum predicted of RBME calorific value that is generated using the cuckoo search (CS) via lévy flight optimization algorithm is 41.78 (MJ/kg). The optimum value was obtained using 64 ppm of < 7 nm MWCNTs blending for 60 min. The predicted calorific value was validated experimentally as 41.05 MJ/kg. Furthermore, the experimental results have shown that the addition of MWCNTs was significantly increased the calorific value from 36.87 MJ/kg to 41.05 MJ/kg (11.6%). Also, the addition of MWCNTs decreased flashpoint (−18.3%) and acid value (−0.52%). As a conclusion, adding MWCNTs as an additive had improved the physicochemical properties characteristics of RBME. To our best knowledge, no research has yet been performed on the effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes-additive in physicochemical property of rice brand methyl ester applic
Published: 2019

20. Konflik Tenurial di Pulau Padang dan Isolasi Ekonomi Lokal

Author: Rozi, Ahmad Ar, primary, Belvage, Rio, additional, and Karyanto, Oka, additional
Published: 2018
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21. Konflik Tenurial di Pulau Padang dan Isolasi Ekonomi Lokal

Author: Oka Karyanto, Ahmad ar Rozi, and Rio Belvage
Subjects: konflik, tenurial, status hukum, industri kehutanan
Abstract: Dengan menggunakan data-data etnografi dan dokumentasi sejarah. Studi ini berupaya mengungkapkan konflik tenurial di Pulau Padang yang memiliki dampak isolasi terhadap pengembangan ekonomi lokal. Dalam ruang lingkup studi ini, lahan tenurial yang berisi tentang seperangkat aturan ( the set of rules ) yang menentukan hak akses setiap orang ( individu ) terhadap sumber daya alam tertentu telah dilanggar oleh kelompok dan jaringan industri pengolahan kayu yang tidak bertanggungjawab. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan realitas konflik muncul di permukaan karena status kuasa hukum, hak pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan jenis hutan, hak perkebunan, kemudian disertai pemanfaatan redistribusi. Diperparah dengan kondisi produk hukum yang carut-marut mengakibatkan status hukum tidak mempunyai peran penegakan keadilan, pembagian kerja, dan koridor pelestarian lingkungan alam tentang lahan gambut maupun aspek-aspek yang mendukung kelestarian ekosistem alam. Riset sosial multidisiplin ini menggunakan pendekatan sosiologi-sejarah dan antropologi struktural.
Published: 2018

22. Micropropagation and production of eurycomanone, 9- methoxycanthin-6-one and canthin-6-one in roots of Eurycoma longifolia plantlets

Author: Hassan, NH, Abdullah, R, Kiong, LS, Ahmad, AR, Abdullah, N, Zainudin, F, Ismail, H, and Abd. Rahman, SS
Subjects: E. longifolia, Tongkat Ali, micropropagation, eurycomanone, 9-methoxycanthin-6-one, canthin-6- one
Abstract: Eurycoma longifolia or Tongkat Ali is a well known medicinal plant in Malaysia. The plants are used as main portion in herbal preparation, and have been extensively harvested. Generally, most of the raw materials required by the industries are heavily collected from the natural forests, thereby resulting in the uncontrolled exploitation of the plant in the wild. Hence, there is a need to ensure adequate supply of quality E. longifolia for the use of the related industries and for conservation purposes. Micropropagation has proved to be an alternative for the multiplication of medicinal and aromatic plants and it can allow the future commercial use of E. longifolia in the herbal industries. In this study, E. longifolia plantlets were successfully mass-produced using axillary shoot multiplication techniques, and the production of eurycomanone, 9-methoxycanthin-6-one and canthin-6-one compounds of E. longifolia were detected in roots of tissue culture plantlets.Key words: E. longifolia, Tongkat Ali, micropropagation, eurycomanone, 9-methoxycanthin-6-one, canthin-6- one.
Published: 2014

23. Clinico-pathological and hemato-biochemical assessment of field originated chicken anemia virus in experimentally challenged broiler chicken

Author: Nadeem, Syed Maaz, Khan, Muti ur Rehman, Aslam, Asim, Sheikh, Ali Ahmad, Ahmad, Arfan, Latif, Asma Abdul, and Anjum, Ahsan
Published: 2021
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24. Organization Commitment of Public Primary School Senior Head Teachers

Author: Ahmad, AR, Yunus, NKY, Norwani, NM, and Musa, K
Subjects: education, jel:I21, Public school, commitment, organizational commitment, ethnicity
Abstract: Commitment to organization is important and plays key role in the formation of an integrated human effort in an organization. The importance of organizational commitment has attracted consideration over recent years and has been reflected in many management studies. Specifically, the objective of this study was to identify the significant difference between the selected demographic variables and organizational commitment. A quantitative cross sectional research design with purposive sampling was employed in collecting data. The cross sectional survey design was used to determine the demographic variables of gender and ethnicity. The questionnaires for Organizational Commitment was originated by Mowday et al., (2003). The respondents for this study were senior public primary school head teachers who attended the three years intensive program of Bachelor Degree in Education Management. Two cohorts comprised of 107 students were chosen from 600 students who enrolled for the Head Teacher Degree Program. They were purposively selected because they represented almost equal numbers of respondents based on gender and ethnicity of the ratio of people in Malaysia. The results of the analysis revealed that organizational commitment showed no significant different between male and female. There was significant difference for organizational commitment related to ethnic of Malay, Chinese and Indian. In conclusion, the degree of commitment of the organization among senior teacher has shown the differences between the ethnics but no different between the gender. Therefore, organization need to build up the necessary efforts to encourage and enable the different ethnics to strive their strong commitment to the organization. This will enable the organization to meet future challenges and at the same time maintain employee’s attachment to the organization.
Published: 2012

25. Factors Associated With Post-stroke Nutritional Status in Stroke Survivors under Rehabilitation

Author: Ying, Chin Yi, Harith, Sakinah, Ahmad, Aryati, and Mukhali, Hassan Basri
Published: 2019
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26. A study on newly recruited kendriya vidyalaya teachers 'perceptions about their induction programme experiences

Author: Alam, Aftab and Ahmad, Arshad Ikram
Published: 2019

27. Evaluation of Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Content of Garcinia prainiana-An Endangered Plant

Author: Khairuddin, Nur Nasrah Mohd, Asang, Gogula Selvi, Ahmad, Aryati, Taib, Wan Rohani Wan, and Alias, Nadiawati
Published: 2018
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28. A study of child abuse trend in Saudi Arabia-A review update

Author: Ghaffar, Usama Bin, Ahmad, Meraj, Faraz, Ali, and Ahmad, Arafat
Published: 2018
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29. Arsenic in the Environment: Bridging Science to Practice for Sustainable Development As2021

Author: Van der Wal, Albert, Ahmad, Arslan, Petrusevski, Branislav, Weijma, Jan, Savic, Dragan, van der Wens, Patrick, Beerendonk, Erwin, Bhattacharya, Prosun, Bundschuh, Jochen, and Naidu, Ravi
Subjects: Environmental toxicology, Arsenic, Health impact, Arsenic removal, Sustainable development, thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNA Agribusiness and primary industries::KNAC Agriculture, agribusiness and food production industries, thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVB Agricultural science, thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry, thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology, thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building, thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNB Energy industries and utilities::KNBW Water industries, thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBK Hydrology and the hydrosphere
Abstract: The Congress and Exhibition Series ""Arsenic in the Environment"" offers an international, multi- and interdisciplinary discussion platform for research and innovation aimed towards a holistic solution to the challenges posed by the environmental toxin arsenic, with global societal impact. The Congress has focused on cutting edge and breakthrough research in physical, chemical, toxicological, medical, agricultural and other specific issues on arsenic across a broader environmental realm. The Biennial Congress and Exhibition ""Arsenic in the Environment"" was first organized in Mexico City (As2006) followed by As2008 in Valencia (Spain), As2010 in Tainan (Chinese Taiwan), As2012 in Cairns (Australia), As2014 in Buenos Aires (Argentina), As2016 in Stockholm (Sweden) and As2018 in Beijing (P.R. China). The 8th International Congress As2020 was held June 7-9, 2021 (first time digitally owing to the global COVID-19 pandemic, in Wageningen, The Netherlands) and with a title Arsenic in the Environment - Bridging Science to Practice for Sustainable Development. The Congress addressed the broader context of arsenic research aligned on the following themes: Theme 1: Arsenic in Natural Soil and Water Systems Theme 2: Arsenic in Agriculture and Food Production Theme 3: Health Impacts of Arsenic Theme 4: Technologies for Arsenic Removal from Water Theme 5: Sustainable Mitigation and Management for Sustainable Development Arsenic in drinking water and food is a major health issue, affecting millions of people in many parts of the world. In recent years serious cases of arsenic exposure through different environmental matrices have been reported from, for example, Argentina, Bangladesh, Chile, China, Taiwan, Turkey, India, Mexico, UK, USA, Pakistan, Vietnam as well as other regions in the world. Arsenic can cause a number of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic adverse effects on human health and therefore human exposure to arsenic should be avoided. Notably, The Netherlands has been in the forefront of research on arsenic removal technology and developed a cutting edge innovation to remove arsenic to levels below the WHO drinking water guideline to as low as less than 1 μg/L. This has created an enabling environment to discuss on policy issues for defining the new drinking water guideline. The Congress has attracted professionals involved in different segments of interdisciplinary research on arsenic in an open forum, and strengthened relations between academia, research institutions, government and non-governmental agencies, industries, and civil society organizations to share an optimal ambience for exchange of knowledge.
Published: 2023
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30. The Impact of Social Media on Panic During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Iraqi Kurdistan: Online Questionnaire Study

Author: Ahmad, Araz Ramazan and Murad, Hersh Rasool
Subjects: Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: BackgroundIn the first few months of 2020, information and news reports about the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) were rapidly published and shared on social media and social networking sites. While the field of infodemiology has studied information patterns on the Web and in social media for at least 18 years, the COVID-19 pandemic has been referred to as the first social media infodemic. However, there is limited evidence about whether and how the social media infodemic has spread panic and affected the mental health of social media users. ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to determine how social media affects self-reported mental health and the spread of panic about COVID-19 in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. MethodsTo carry out this study, an online questionnaire was prepared and conducted in Iraqi Kurdistan, and a total of 516 social media users were sampled. This study deployed a content analysis method for data analysis. Correspondingly, data were analyzed using SPSS software. ResultsParticipants reported that social media has a significant impact on spreading fear and panic related to the COVID-19 outbreak in Iraqi Kurdistan, with a potential negative influence on people’s mental health and psychological well-being. Facebook was the most used social media network for spreading panic about the COVID-19 outbreak in Iraq. We found a significant positive statistical correlation between self-reported social media use and the spread of panic related to COVID-19 (R=.8701). Our results showed that the majority of youths aged 18-35 years are facing psychological anxiety. ConclusionsDuring lockdown, people are using social media platforms to gain information about COVID-19. The nature of the impact of social media panic among people varies depending on an individual's gender, age, and level of education. Social media has played a key role in spreading anxiety about the COVID-19 outbreak in Iraqi Kurdistan.
Published: 2020
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31. Environmental Arsenic in a Changing World

Author: Zhu, Yongguan, Guo, Huaming, Bhattacharya, Prosun, Ahmad, Arslan, Bundschuh, Jochen, and Naidu, Ravi
Subjects: arsenic behaviour in changing environmental media, arsenic in a changing acricultural ecosystem, arsenic research, clean water blueprints, environmental toxin arsenic, health impacts, health impacts of environmental arsenic, sustainable mitigation, sustainable mitigation and management, technologies for arsenic immobilization and clean water blueprints, bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TG Mechanical engineering & materials::TGP Production engineering, bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TQ Environmental science, engineering & technology, bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TN Civil engineering, surveying & building
Abstract: The Congress ""Arsenic in the Environment"" offers an international, multi- and interdisciplinary discussion platform for research and innovation aimed towards a holistic solution to the problem posed by the environmental toxin arsenic, with significant societal impact. The Congress has focused on cutting edge and breakthrough research in physical, chemical, toxicological, medical, agricultural and other specific issues on arsenic across a broader environmental realm. The Biennial Congress ""Arsenic in the Environment"" was first organized in Mexico City (As2006) followed by As2008 in Valencia (Spain), As2010 in Tainan (Chinese Taiwan), As2012 in Cairns (Australia), As2014 in Buenos Aires (Argentina) and As2016 in Stockholm (Sweden). The 7th International Congress As2018 was held July 1-6, 2018, in Beijing, P. R. China and was entitled Environmental Arsenic in a Changing World. The Congress addressed the broader context of arsenic research aligned on the following themes: Theme 1: Arsenic Behaviour in Changing Environmental Media Theme 2: Arsenic in a Changing Agricultural Ecosystem Theme 3: Health Impacts of Environmental Arsenic Theme 4: Technologies for Arsenic Immobilization and Clean Water Blueprints Theme 5: Sustainable Mitigation and Management Arsenic in drinking water (mainly groundwater) has emerged as an issue of global health concern. During last decade, the presence of arsenic in rice, possibly also other food of plant origins, has attained increasing attention. This is particularly true in the Asian countries, where the use of high arsenic groundwater as source of irrigation water and drinking water has been flagged as severe health concern. This has been accentuated by elevating arsenic concentrations in deep groundwater recharged from shallow high arsenic groundwater, which may have further detrimental effects on public health. Notably, China has been in the forefront of research on arsenic biogeochemical cycling, health effects of arsenic, technologies for arsenic removal, and sustainable mitigation measures. The Congress has attracted professionals involved in different segments of interdisciplinary research on arsenic in an open forum, and strengthened relations between academia, research institutions, government and non-governmental agencies, industries, and civil society organizations to share an optimal ambience for exchange of knowledge.
Published: 2019
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32. Explaining Osteomyelitis and Prosthetic Joint Infections (PJI) in terms of Biofilm – A Review

Author: Singh S, Tan CL, and Ahmad AR
Subjects: biofilm, osteomyelitis, infected orthopaedic implants, prosthetic joint infections, Orthopedic surgery, RD701-811
Abstract: Osteomyelitis is a chronic infection of bones. Eradication of bone infection is usually with antibiotics and debridement, but it is slow and the infection can recur even after many years. It is now established that osteomyelitis is due to biofilm and a better understanding of the process is required. We review the development of biofilm and apply it to osteomyelitis management. The planktonic microbes' response to adverse conditions is the formation of biofilm. Bacterial infections in planktonic forms cause infections that can be controlled with antibiotics and immunisation, however the same microbe when its phenotype becomes biofilm is more resilient. The understanding of how planktonic bacteria convert to biofilm is one of the aims set out for this article
Published: 2021
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33. Functional Outcomes Following Posterior Cruciate Ligament and Posterolateral Corner Reconstructions. A Three-year Experience in Seremban, Malaysia

Author: Ng JW, Ahmad AR, and Solayar GN
Subjects: posterior cruciate ligament (pcl) injury, posterolateral corner (plc) injury, pcl reconstruction, modified larson’s reconstruction, functional outcomes, Orthopedic surgery, RD701-811
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: This study was conducted to evaluate the demographics, causes and outcomes of patients who underwent Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) reconstruction and/or Posterolateral Corner (PLC) reconstruction performed at our institution over the last three years. Sub-analysis was performed to assess the impact of delay from injury to surgery and how this affected outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From an initial number of 10 patients, seven were contactable and available for analysis. All patients underwent PCL and/or PLC reconstruction (modified Larson’s procedure) between 2017 and 2019. The mean age of our cohort was 31.4±9.6 years (range, 21 to 46). Assessment of functional outcomes pre- and postoperatively were done using the Lysholm knee scoring scale, the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and visual analogue scale (VAS). The mean follow-up from operation at time of reporting was seven months (range, 2 to 12 months). RESULTS: There were four combined PCL and PLCs, two isolated PLCs and one patient who underwent an isolated PCL reconstruction. There were significant improvements between pre-operative and post-operative in all functional outcome scores utilised following PCL reconstruction and/or modified Larson’s reconstruction. Lysholm knee scoring scale improved from pre-operative to post-operative at 41.14±12.32 to 74.86±13.52 (p=0.0001), KOOS from 49.71±11.19 to 71.43±13.84 (p=0.001), and VAS from 5.71±2.06 to 2.86±2.48 (p=0.001). Our sub-analysis showed that higher functional outcomes were present when surgery was done less than six months from the time of index injury. There were no complications (eg. Infections, revisions) in this cohort at the time of reporting. CONCLUSION: Reconstructive surgery for PCL and/or PLC injury is successful in increasing the functional outcomes of patients post-operatively. Delays from injury to surgery remains a problem in the public setting as patients may need to await appropriate imaging and approval of funding. Increased awareness for early surgical intervention may improve overall outcomes of PCL and/or PLC reconstruction in Malaysia
Published: 2020
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34. Population-level risks of alcohol consumption by amount, geography, age, sex, and year: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2020

Author: Dana Bryazka, Marissa B Reitsma, Max G Griswold, Kalkidan Hassen Abate, Cristiana Abbafati, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari, Amir Abdoli, Mohammad Abdollahi, Abu Yousuf Md Abdullah, E S Abhilash, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Juan Manuel Acuna, Giovanni Addolorato, Oladimeji M Adebayo, Victor Adekanmbi, Kishor Adhikari, Sangeet Adhikari, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Saira Afzal, Wubetu Yimam Agegnehu, Manik Aggarwal, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Araz Ramazan Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Tauseef Ahmad, Ali Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmadi, Haroon Ahmed, Tarik Ahmed Rashid, Chisom Joyqueenet Akunna, Hanadi Al Hamad, Md Zakiul Alam, Dejene Tsegaye Alem, Kefyalew Addis Alene, Yousef Alimohamadi, Atiyeh Alizadeh, Kasim Allel, Jordi Alonso, Saba Alvand, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Firehiwot Amare, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Sohrab Amiri, Robert Ancuceanu, Jason A Anderson, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Andrei, Jalal Arabloo, Muhammad Arshad, Anton A Artamonov, Zahra Aryan, Malke Asaad, Mulusew A Asemahagn, Thomas Astell-Burt, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Desta Debalkie Atnafu, Prince Atorkey, Alok Atreya, Floriane Ausloos, Marcel Ausloos, Getinet Ayano, Martin Amogre ayanore Ayanore, Olatunde O Ayinde, Jose L Ayuso-Mateos, Sina Azadnajafabad, Melkalem Mamuye Azanaw, Mohammadreza Azangou-Khyavy, Amirhossein Azari Jafari, Ahmed Y Azzam, Ashish D Badiye, Nasser Bagheri, Sara Bagherieh, Mohan Bairwa, Shankar M Bakkannavar, Ravleen Kaur Bakshi, Awraris Hailu Balchut/Bilchut, Till Winfried Bärnighausen, Fabio Barra, Amadou Barrow, Pritish Baskaran, Luis Belo, Derrick A Bennett, Isabela M Benseñor, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Neeraj Bhala, Ashish Bhalla, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Sonu Bhaskar, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Vijayalakshmi S Bhojaraja, Bagas Suryo Bintoro, Elena A Elena Blokhina, Belay Boda Abule Bodicha, Archith Boloor, Cristina Bosetti, Dejana Braithwaite, Hermann Brenner, Nikolay Ivanovich Briko, Andre R Brunoni, Zahid A Butt, Chao Cao, Yin Cao, Rosario Cárdenas, Andre F Carvalho, Márcia Carvalho, Joao Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia, Giulio Castelpietra, Luis F S Castro-de-Araujo, Maria Sofia Cattaruzza, Promit Ananyo Chakraborty, Jaykaran Charan, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Akhilanand Chaurasia, Nicolas Cherbuin, Dinh-Toi Chu, Nandita Chudal, Sheng-Chia Chung, Chuchu Churko, Liliana G Ciobanu, Massimo Cirillo, Rafael M Claro, Simona Costanzo, Richard G Cowden, Michael H Criqui, Natália Cruz-Martins, Garland T Culbreth, Berihun Assefa Dachew, Omid Dadras, Xiaochen Dai, Giovanni Damiani, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Beniam Darge Daniel, Anna Danielewicz, Jiregna Darega Gela, Kairat Davletov, Jacyra Azevedo Paiva de Araujo, Antonio Reis de Sá-Junior, Sisay Abebe Debela, Azizallah Dehghan, Andreas K Demetriades, Meseret Derbew Molla, Rupak Desai, Abebaw Alemayehu Desta, Diana Dias da Silva, Daniel Diaz, Lankamo Ena Digesa, Mengistie Diress, Milad Dodangeh, Deepa Dongarwar, Fariba Dorostkar, Haneil Larson Dsouza, Bereket Duko, Bruce B Duncan, Kristina Edvardsson, Michael Ekholuenetale, Frank J Elgar, Muhammed Elhadi, Mohamed A Elmonem, Aman Yesuf Endries, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Azin Etemadimanesh, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, Ildar Ravisovich Fakhradiyev, Fatemeh Farahmand, Carla Sofia e Sá Farinha, Andre Faro, Farshad Farzadfar, Ali Fatehizadeh, Nelsensius Klau Fauk, Valery L Feigin, Rachel Feldman, Xiaoqi Feng, Zinabu Fentaw, Simone Ferrero, Lorenzo Ferro Desideri, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, Joel Msafiri Francis, Richard Charles Franklin, Peter Andras Gaal, Mohamed M Gad, Silvano Gallus, Fabio Galvano, Balasankar Ganesan, Tushar Garg, Mesfin Gebrehiwot Damtew Gebrehiwot, Teferi Gebru Gebremeskel, Mathewos Alemu Gebremichael, Tadele Regasa Gemechu, Lemma Getacher, Motuma Erena Getachew, Abera Getachew Obsa, Asmare Getie, Amir Ghaderi, Mansour Ghafourifard, Alireza Ghajar, Seyyed-Hadi Ghamari, Lilian A Ghandour, Mohammad Ghasemi Nour, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Sherief Ghozy, Franklin N Glozah, Ekaterina Vladimirovna Glushkova, Justyna Godos, Amit Goel, Salime Goharinezhad, Mahaveer Golechha, Pouya Goleij, Mohamad Golitaleb, Felix Greaves, Michal Grivna, Giuseppe Grosso, Temesgen Worku Gudayu, Bhawna Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Sapna Gupta, Veer Bala Gupta, Vivek Kumar Gupta, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Arvin Haj-Mirzaian, Brian J Hall, Rabih Halwani, Tiilahun Beyene Handiso, Graeme J Hankey, Sanam Hariri, Josep Maria Haro, Ahmed I Hasaballah, Hossein Hassanian-Moghaddam, Simon I Hay, Khezar Hayat, Golnaz Heidari, Mohammad Heidari, Delia Hendrie, Claudiu Herteliu, Demisu Zenbaba Heyi, Kamal Hezam, Mbuzeleni Mbuzeleni Hlongwa, Ramesh Holla, Md Mahbub Hossain, Sahadat Hossain, Seyed Kianoosh Hosseini, Mehdi hosseinzadeh, Mihaela Hostiuc, Sorin Hostiuc, Guoqing Hu, Junjie Huang, Salman Hussain, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Irena M Ilic, Milena D Ilic, Mustapha Immurana, Lalu Muhammad Irham, M Mofizul Islam, Rakibul M Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Hiroyasu Iso, Ramaiah Itumalla, Masao Iwagami, Roxana Jabbarinejad, Louis Jacob, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Zahra Jamalpoor, Elham Jamshidi, Sathish Kumar Jayapal, Umesh Umesh Jayarajah, Ranil Jayawardena, Rime Jebai, Seyed Ali Jeddi, Alelign Tasew Jema, Ravi Prakash Jha, Har Ashish Jindal, Jost B Jonas, Tamas Joo, Nitin Joseph, Farahnaz Joukar, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Mikk Jürisson, Ali Kabir, Robel Hussen Kabthymer, Bhushan Dattatray Kamble, Himal Kandel, Girum Gebremeskel Kanno, Neeti Kapoor, Ibraheem M Karaye, Salah Eddin Karimi, Bekalu Getnet Kassa, Rimple Jeet Kaur, Gbenga A Kayode, Mohammad Keykhaei, Himanshu Khajuria, Rovshan Khalilov, Imteyaz A Khan, Moien AB Khan, Hanna Kim, Jihee Kim, Min Seo Kim, Ruth W Kimokoti, Mika Kivimäki, Vitalii Klymchuk, Ann Kristin Skrindo Knudsen, Ali-Asghar Kolahi, Vladimir Andreevich Korshunov, Ai Koyanagi, Kewal Krishan, Yuvaraj Krishnamoorthy, G Anil Kumar, Narinder Kumar, Nithin Kumar, Ben Lacey, Tea Lallukka, Savita Lasrado, Jerrald Lau, Sang-woong Lee, Wei-Chen Lee, Yo Han Lee, Lee-Ling Lim, Stephen S Lim, Stany W Lobo, Platon D Lopukhov, Stefan Lorkowski, Rafael Lozano, Giancarlo Lucchetti, Farzan Madadizadeh, Áurea M Madureira-Carvalho, Soleiman Mahjoub, Ata Mahmoodpoor, Rashidul Alam Mahumud, Alaa Makki, Mohammad-Reza Malekpour, Narayana Manjunatha, Borhan Mansouri, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Jose Martinez-Raga, Francisco A Martinez-Villa, Richard Matzopoulos, Pallab K Maulik, Mahsa Mayeli, John J McGrath, Jitendra Kumar Meena, Entezar Mehrabi Nasab, Ritesh G Menezes, Gert B M Mensink, Alexios-Fotios A Mentis, Atte Meretoja, Bedasa Taye Merga, Tomislav Mestrovic, Junmei Miao Jonasson, Bartosz Miazgowski, Ana Carolina Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sá, Ted R Miller, GK Mini, Andreea Mirica, Antonio Mirijello, Seyyedmohammadsadeq Mirmoeeni, Erkin M Mirrakhimov, Sanjeev Misra, Babak Moazen, Maryam Mobarakabadi, Marcello Moccia, Yousef Mohammad, Esmaeil Mohammadi, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Teroj Abdulrahman Mohammed, Nagabhishek Moka, Ali H Mokdad, Sara Momtazmanesh, Yousef Moradi, Ebrahim Mostafavi, Sumaira Mubarik, Erin C Mullany, Beemnet Tekabe Mulugeta, Efrén Murillo-Zamora, Christopher J L Murray, Julius C Mwita, Mohsen Naghavi, Mukhammad David Naimzada, Vinay Nangia, Biswa Prakash Nayak, Ionut Negoi, Ruxandra Irina Negoi, Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi, Samata Nepal, Sudan Prasad Prasad Neupane, Sandhya Neupane Kandel, Yeshambel T Nigatu, Ali Nowroozi, Khan M Nuruzzaman, Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam, Kehinde O Obamiro, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, Ayodipupo Sikiru Oguntade, Hassan Okati-Aliabad, Babayemi Oluwaseun Olakunde, Gláucia Maria Moraes Oliveira, Ahmed Omar Bali, Emad Omer, Doris V Ortega-Altamirano, Adrian Otoiu, Stanislav S Otstavnov, Bilcha Oumer, Mahesh P A, Alicia Padron-Monedero, Raffaele Palladino, Adrian Pana, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Anamika Pandey, Ashok Pandey, Shahina Pardhan, Tarang Parekh, Eun-Kee Park, Charles D H Parry, Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan, Jay Patel, Siddhartha Pati, George C Patton, Uttam Paudel, Shrikant Pawar, Amy E Peden, Ionela-Roxana Petcu, Michael R Phillips, Marina Pinheiro, Evgenii Plotnikov, Pranil Man Singh Pradhan, Akila Prashant, Jianchao Quan, Amir Radfar, Alireza Rafiei, Pankaja Raghav Raghav, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Azizur Rahman, Md Mosfequr Rahman, Mosiur Rahman, Amir Masoud Rahmani, Shayan Rahmani, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Priyanga Ranasinghe, Chythra R Rao, Drona Prakash Rasali, Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi, Zubair Ahmed Ratan, David Laith Rawaf, Salman Rawaf, Lal Rawal, Andre M N Renzaho, Negar Rezaei, Saeid Rezaei, Mohsen Rezaeian, Seyed Mohammad Riahi, Esperanza Romero-Rodríguez, Gregory A Roth, Godfrey M Rwegerera, Basema Saddik, Erfan Sadeghi, Reihaneh Sadeghian, Umar Saeed, Farhad Saeedi, Rajesh Sagar, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Harihar Sahoo, Mohammad Ali Sahraian, KM Saif-Ur-Rahman, Sarvenaz Salahi, Hamideh Salimzadeh, Abdallah M Samy, Francesco Sanmarchi, Milena M Santric-Milicevic, Yaser Sarikhani, Brijesh Sathian, Ganesh Kumar Saya, Mehdi Sayyah, Maria Inês Schmidt, Aletta Elisabeth Schutte, Michaël Schwarzinger, David C Schwebel, Abdul-Aziz Seidu, Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar, SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi, Allen Seylani, Feng Sha, Sarvenaz Shahin, Fariba Shahraki-Sanavi, Shayan Shahrokhi, Masood Ali Shaikh, Elaheh Shaker, Murad Ziyaudinovich Shakhmardanov, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, Sara Sheikhbahaei, Rahim Ali Sheikhi, Adithi Shetty, Jeevan K Shetty, Damtew Solomon Shiferaw, Mika Shigematsu, Rahman Shiri, Reza Shirkoohi, K M Shivakumar, Velizar Shivarov, Parnian Shobeiri, Roman Shrestha, Negussie Boti Sidemo, Inga Dora Sigfusdottir, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Natacha Torres da Silva, Jasvinder A Singh, Surjit Singh, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina, David A Sleet, Marco Solmi, YONATAN SOLOMON, Suhang Song, Yimeng Song, Reed J D Sorensen, Sergey Soshnikov, Ireneous N Soyiri, Dan J Stein, Sonu Hangma Subba, Miklós Szócska, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Takahiro Tabuchi, Majid Taheri, Ker-Kan Tan, Minale Tareke, Elvis Enowbeyang Tarkang, Gebremaryam Temesgen, Worku Animaw Temesgen, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan, Rekha Thapar, Nikhil Kenny Thomas, Chalachew Tiruneh, Jovana Todorovic, Marco Torrado, Mathilde Touvier, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Mai Thi Ngoc Tran, Sergi Trias-Llimós, Jaya Prasad Tripathy, Alireza Vakilian, Rohollah Valizadeh, Mehdi Varmaghani, Shoban Babu Varthya, Tommi Juhani Vasankari, Theo Vos, Birhanu Wagaye, Yasir Waheed, Mandaras Tariku Walde, Cong Wang, Yanzhong Wang, Yuan-Pang Wang, Ronny Westerman, Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe, Abate Dargie Wubetu, Suowen Xu, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Lin Yang, Gesila Endashaw E Yesera, Arzu Yigit, Vahit Yiğit, Ayenew Engida Ayenew Engida Yimaw, Dong Keon Yon, Naohiro Yonemoto, Chuanhua Yu, Siddhesh Zadey, Mazyar Zahir, Iman Zare, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin, Anasthasia Zastrozhina, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Chenwen Zhong, Mohammad Zmaili, Yves Miel H Zuniga, Emmanuela Gakidou, University of St Andrews. School of Medicine, University of St Andrews. Population and Behavioural Science Division, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute (-2014), Helsinki Inequality Initiative (INEQ), Clinicum, Helsinki University Hospital Area, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, King Edward Medical University (Pakistán), Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, University of Oxford (Reino Unido), Medical Research Council (Reino Unido), NIH - National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) (Estados Unidos), Canada Research Chairs, National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia), National Heart Foundation of Australia, Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development (Serbia), Wellcome Trust, NIH - National Institute on Aging (NIA) (Estados Unidos), Finlands Akademi (Finlandia), Panjab University (India), Federal Ministry of Education & Research (Alemania), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (Brasil), Danish National Research Foundation, Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research (Australia), South African Medical Research Council, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Charles Sturt University (Australia), Ain Shams University (Egipto), Mizoram University (India), Kasturba Medical College (India), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (India), Coordenação de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Collaborators, GBD 2020 Alcohol, Bryazka, Dana, Reitsma, Marissa B, Griswold, Max G, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab, Abdoli, Amir, Abdollahi, Mohammad, Abdullah, Abu Yousuf Md, Abhilash, E S, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, Acuna, Juan Manuel, Addolorato, Giovanni, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adhikari, Kishor, Adhikari, Sangeet, Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah, Afzal, Saira, Agegnehu, Wubetu Yimam, Aggarwal, Manik, Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku, Ahmad, Araz Ramazan, Ahmad, Sajjad, Ahmad, Tauseef, Ahmadi, Ali, Ahmadi, Sepideh, Ahmed, Haroon, Ahmed Rashid, Tarik, Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet, Al Hamad, Hanadi, Alam, Md Zakiul, Alem, Dejene Tsegaye, Alene, Kefyalew Addi, Alimohamadi, Yousef, Alizadeh, Atiyeh, Allel, Kasim, Alonso, Jordi, Alvand, Saba, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Firehiwot, Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena, Amiri, Sohrab, Ancuceanu, Robert, Anderson, Jason A, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Andrei, Tudorel, Arabloo, Jalal, Arshad, Muhammad, Artamonov, Anton A, Aryan, Zahra, Asaad, Malke, Asemahagn, Mulusew A, Astell-Burt, Thoma, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Atnafu, Desta Debalkie, Atorkey, Prince, Atreya, Alok, Ausloos, Floriane, Ausloos, Marcel, Ayano, Getinet, Ayanore, Martin Amogre ayanore, Ayinde, Olatunde O, Ayuso-Mateos, Jose L, Azadnajafabad, Sina, Azanaw, Melkalem Mamuye, Azangou-Khyavy, Mohammadreza, Azari Jafari, Amirhossein, Azzam, Ahmed Y, Badiye, Ashish D, Bagheri, Nasser, Bagherieh, Sara, Bairwa, Mohan, Bakkannavar, Shankar M, Bakshi, Ravleen Kaur, Balchut/bilchut, Awraris Hailu, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barra, Fabio, Barrow, Amadou, Baskaran, Pritish, Belo, Lui, Bennett, Derrick A, Benseñor, Isabela M, Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhalla, Ashish, Bhardwaj, Nikha, Bhardwaj, Pankaj, Bhaskar, Sonu, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bhojaraja, Vijayalakshmi S, Bintoro, Bagas Suryo, Blokhina, Elena A Elena, Bodicha, Belay Boda Abule, Boloor, Archith, Bosetti, Cristina, Braithwaite, Dejana, Brenner, Hermann, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, Brunoni, Andre R, Butt, Zahid A, Cao, Chao, Cao, Yin, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carvalho, Andre F, Carvalho, Márcia, Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio, Castelpietra, Giulio, Castro-de-Araujo, Luis F S, Cattaruzza, Maria Sofia, Chakraborty, Promit Ananyo, Charan, Jaykaran, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chaurasia, Akhilanand, Cherbuin, Nicola, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Chudal, Nandita, Chung, Sheng-Chia, Churko, Chuchu, Ciobanu, Liliana G, Cirillo, Massimo, Claro, Rafael M, Costanzo, Simona, Cowden, Richard G, Criqui, Michael H, Cruz-Martins, Natália, Culbreth, Garland T, Dachew, Berihun Assefa, Dadras, Omid, Dai, Xiaochen, Damiani, Giovanni, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Daniel, Beniam Darge, Danielewicz, Anna, Darega Gela, Jiregna, Davletov, Kairat, de Araujo, Jacyra Azevedo Paiva, de Sá-Junior, Antonio Rei, Debela, Sisay Abebe, Dehghan, Azizallah, Demetriades, Andreas K, Derbew Molla, Meseret, Desai, Rupak, Desta, Abebaw Alemayehu, Dias da Silva, Diana, Diaz, Daniel, Digesa, Lankamo Ena, Diress, Mengistie, Dodangeh, Milad, Dongarwar, Deepa, Dorostkar, Fariba, Dsouza, Haneil Larson, Duko, Bereket, Duncan, Bruce B, Edvardsson, Kristina, Ekholuenetale, Michael, Elgar, Frank J, Elhadi, Muhammed, Elmonem, Mohamed A, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Etemadimanesh, Azin, Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Franci, Fakhradiyev, Ildar Ravisovich, Farahmand, Fatemeh, Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sá, Faro, Andre, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fatehizadeh, Ali, Fauk, Nelsensius Klau, Feigin, Valery L, Feldman, Rachel, Feng, Xiaoqi, Fentaw, Zinabu, Ferrero, Simone, Ferro Desideri, Lorenzo, 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Hussen, Kamble, Bhushan Dattatray, Kandel, Himal, Kanno, Girum Gebremeskel, Kapoor, Neeti, Karaye, Ibraheem M, Karimi, Salah Eddin, Kassa, Bekalu Getnet, Kaur, Rimple Jeet, Kayode, Gbenga A, Keykhaei, Mohammad, Khajuria, Himanshu, Khalilov, Rovshan, Khan, Imteyaz A, Khan, Moien AB, Kim, Hanna, Kim, Jihee, Kim, Min Seo, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kivimäki, Mika, Klymchuk, Vitalii, Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo, Kolahi, Ali-Asghar, Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich, Koyanagi, Ai, Krishan, Kewal, Krishnamoorthy, Yuvaraj, Kumar, G Anil, Kumar, Narinder, Kumar, Nithin, Lacey, Ben, Lallukka, Tea, Lasrado, Savita, Lau, Jerrald, Lee, Sang-woong, Lee, Wei-Chen, Lee, Yo Han, Lim, Lee-Ling, Lim, Stephen S, Lobo, Stany W, Lopukhov, Platon D, Lorkowski, Stefan, Lozano, Rafael, Lucchetti, Giancarlo, Madadizadeh, Farzan, Madureira-Carvalho, Áurea M, Mahjoub, Soleiman, Mahmoodpoor, Ata, Mahumud, Rashidul Alam, Makki, Alaa, Malekpour, Mohammad-Reza, Manjunatha, Narayana, Mansouri, Borhan, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Martinez-Raga, Jose, Martinez-Villa, Francisco A, Matzopoulos, Richard, Maulik, Pallab K, Mayeli, Mahsa, Mcgrath, John J, Meena, Jitendra Kumar, Mehrabi Nasab, Entezar, Menezes, Ritesh G, Mensink, Gert B M, Mentis, Alexios-Fotios A, Meretoja, Atte, Merga, Bedasa Taye, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miao Jonasson, Junmei, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sá, Ana Carolina, Miller, Ted R, Mini, Gk, Mirica, Andreea, Mirijello, Antonio, Mirmoeeni, Seyyedmohammadsadeq, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Misra, Sanjeev, Moazen, Babak, Mobarakabadi, Maryam, Moccia, Marcello, Mohammad, Yousef, Mohammadi, Esmaeil, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammed, Teroj Abdulrahman, Moka, Nagabhishek, Mokdad, Ali H, Momtazmanesh, Sara, Moradi, Yousef, Mostafavi, Ebrahim, Mubarik, Sumaira, Mullany, Erin C, Mulugeta, Beemnet Tekabe, Murillo-Zamora, Efrén, Murray, Christopher J L, Mwita, Julius C, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naimzada, Mukhammad David, Nangia, Vinay, Nayak, Biswa Prakash, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Nejadghaderi, Seyed Aria, Nepal, Samata, Neupane, Sudan Prasad Prasad, Neupane Kandel, Sandhya, Nigatu, Yeshambel T, Nowroozi, Ali, Nuruzzaman, Khan M, Nzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe, Obamiro, Kehinde O, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oguntade, Ayodipupo Sikiru, Okati-Aliabad, Hassan, Olakunde, Babayemi Oluwaseun, Oliveira, Gláucia Maria Morae, Omar Bali, Ahmed, Omer, Emad, Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V, Otoiu, Adrian, Otstavnov, Stanislav S, Oumer, Bilcha, P A, Mahesh, Padron-Monedero, Alicia, Palladino, Raffaele, Pana, Adrian, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandey, Anamika, Pandey, Ashok, Pardhan, Shahina, Parekh, Tarang, Park, Eun-Kee, Parry, Charles D H, Pashazadeh Kan, Fatemeh, Patel, Jay, Pati, Siddhartha, Patton, George C, Paudel, Uttam, Pawar, Shrikant, Peden, Amy E, Petcu, Ionela-Roxana, Phillips, Michael R, Pinheiro, Marina, Plotnikov, Evgenii, Pradhan, Pranil Man Singh, Prashant, Akila, Quan, Jianchao, Radfar, Amir, Rafiei, Alireza, Raghav, Pankaja Raghav, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Azizur, Rahman, Md Mosfequr, Rahman, Mosiur, Rahmani, Amir Masoud, Rahmani, Shayan, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Ranasinghe, Priyanga, Rao, Chythra R, Rasali, Drona Prakash, Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi, Ratan, Zubair Ahmed, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Rawal, Lal, Renzaho, Andre M N, Rezaei, Negar, Rezaei, Saeid, Rezaeian, Mohsen, Riahi, Seyed Mohammad, Romero-Rodríguez, Esperanza, Roth, Gregory A, Rwegerera, Godfrey M, Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Erfan, Sadeghian, Reihaneh, Saeed, Umar, Saeedi, Farhad, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahoo, Harihar, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Saif-Ur-Rahman, Km, Salahi, Sarvenaz, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanmarchi, Francesco, Santric-Milicevic, Milena M, Sarikhani, Yaser, Sathian, Brijesh, Saya, Ganesh Kumar, Sayyah, Mehdi, Schmidt, Maria Inê, Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth, Schwarzinger, Michaël, Schwebel, David C, Seidu, Abdul-Aziz, Senthil Kumar, Nachimuthu, Seyedalinaghi, Seyedahmad, Seylani, Allen, Sha, Feng, Shahin, Sarvenaz, Shahraki-Sanavi, Fariba, Shahrokhi, Shayan, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shaker, Elaheh, Shakhmardanov, Murad Ziyaudinovich, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Sheikhbahaei, Sara, Sheikhi, Rahim Ali, Shetty, Adithi, Shetty, Jeevan K, Shiferaw, Damtew Solomon, Shigematsu, Mika, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shivakumar, K M, Shivarov, Velizar, Shobeiri, Parnian, Shrestha, Roman, Sidemo, Negussie Boti, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silva, Diego Augusto Santo, Silva, Natacha Torres da, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Surjit, Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich, Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna, Sleet, David A, Solmi, Marco, Solomon, Yonatan, Song, Suhang, Song, Yimeng, Sorensen, Reed J D, Soshnikov, Sergey, Soyiri, Ireneous N, Stein, Dan J, Subba, Sonu Hangma, Szócska, Mikló, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabuchi, Takahiro, Taheri, Majid, Tan, Ker-Kan, Tareke, Minale, Tarkang, Elvis Enowbeyang, Temesgen, Gebremaryam, Temesgen, Worku Animaw, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Thapar, Rekha, Thomas, Nikhil Kenny, Tiruneh, Chalachew, Todorovic, Jovana, Torrado, Marco, Touvier, Mathilde, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Tran, Mai Thi Ngoc, Trias-Llimós, Sergi, Tripathy, Jaya Prasad, Vakilian, Alireza, Valizadeh, Rohollah, Varmaghani, Mehdi, Varthya, Shoban Babu, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Vos, Theo, Wagaye, Birhanu, Waheed, Yasir, Walde, Mandaras Tariku, Wang, Cong, Wang, Yanzhong, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Westerman, Ronny, Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana, Wubetu, Abate Dargie, Xu, Suowen, Yamagishi, Kazumasa, Yang, Lin, Yesera, Gesila Endashaw E, Yigit, Arzu, Yiğit, Vahit, Yimaw, Ayenew Engida Ayenew Engida, Yon, Dong Keon, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yu, Chuanhua, Zadey, Siddhesh, Zahir, Mazyar, Zare, Iman, Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich, Zastrozhina, Anasthasia, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, Zhong, Chenwen, Zmaili, Mohammad, Zuniga, Yves Miel H, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Bryazka, D, Reitsma, Mb, Griswold, Mg, Abate, Kh, Abbafati, C, Kangevari, Ma, Kangevari, Za, Abdoli, A, Abdollahi, M, Abdullah, Am, Abhilash, E, Abu 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Mcgrath, Jj, Meena, Jk, Nasab, Em, Menezes, Rg, Mensink, Gbm, Mentis, Afa, Meretoja, A, Merga, Bt, Mestrovic, T, Jonasson, Jm, Miazgowski, B, de Sa, Acmgn, Miller, Tr, Mini, G, Mirica, A, Mirijello, A, Mirmoeeni, S, Mirrakhimov, Em, Misra, S, Moazen, B, Mobarakabadi, M, Moccia, M, Mohammad, Y, Mohammadi, E, Hafshejani, Am, Mohammed, Ta, Moka, N, Mokdad, Ah, Momtazmanesh, S, Moradi, Y, Mostafavi, E, Mubarik, S, Mullany, Ec, Mulugeta, Bt, Zamora, Em, Murray, Cjl, Mwita, Jc, Naghavi, M, Naimzada, Md, Nangia, V, Nayak, Bp, Negoi, I, Negoi, Ri, Nejadghaderi, Sa, Nepal, S, Neupane, Spp, Kandel, Sn, Nigatu, Yt, Nowroozi, A, Nuruzzaman, Km, Nzoputam, Ci, Obamiro, Ko, Ogbo, Fa, Oguntade, A, Aliabad, Ho, Olakunde, Bo, Oliveira, Gmm, Bali, Ao, Omer, E, Altamirano, Dvo, Otoiu, A, Otstavnov, S, Oumer, B, Mahesh, Pa, Monedero, Ap, Palladino, R, Pana, A, Jonas, Sp, Pandey, A, Pardhan, S, Parekh, T, Park, Ek, Parry, Cdh, Kan, Fp, Patel, J, Pati, S, Patton, Gc, Paudel, U, Pawar, S, Peden, Ae, Petcu, Ir, Phillips, Mr, Pinheiro, M, Plotnikov, E, Pradhan, Pm, Prashant, A, Quan, Jc, Radfar, A, Rafiei, A, Raghav, Pr, Movaghar, Vr, Rahman, A, Rahman, Mm, Rahman, M, Rahmani, Am, Rahmani, S, Ranabhat, Cl, Ranasinghe, P, Rao, Cr, Rasali, Dp, Rashidi, Mm, Ratan, Za, Rawaf, Dl, Rawaf, S, Rawal, L, Renzaho, Amn, Rezaei, N, Rezaei, S, Rezaeian, M, Riahi, Sm, Rodriguez, Er, Roth, Ga, Rwegerera, Gm, Saddik, B, Sadeghi, E, Sadeghian, R, Saeed, U, Saeedi, F, Sagar, R, Sahebkar, A, Sahoo, H, Sahraian, Ma, Rahman, Ksu, Salahi, S, Salimzadeh, H, Samy, Am, Sanmarchi, F, Milicevic, Mm, Sarikhani, Y, Sathian, B, Saya, Gk, Sayyah, M, Schmidt, Mi, Schutte, Ae, Schwarzinger, M, Schwebel, Dc, Seidu, Aa, Seyedalinaghi, S, Seylani, A, Sha, F, Shahin, S, Sanavi, F, Shahrokhi, S, Shaikh, Ma, Shaker, E, Shakhmardanov, Mz, Beyranvand, M, Sheikhbahaei, S, Sheikhi, Ra, Shetty, A, Shetty, Jk, Shiferaw, D, Shigematsu, M, Shiri, R, Shirkoohi, R, Shivakumar, Km, Shivarov, V, Shobeiri, P, Shrestha, R, Sidemo, Nb, Sigfusdottir, Id, Silva, Da, da Silva, Nt, Singh, Ja, Singh, S, Skryabin, Vy, Skryabina, Aa, Sleet, Da, Solmi, M, Solomon, Y, Song, S, Song, Ym, Sorensen, Rjd, Soshnikov, S, Soyiri, In, Stein, Dj, Subba, Sh, Szocska, M, Seisdedos, Rt, Tabuchi, T, Taheri, M, Tan, Kk, Tareke, M, Tarkang, Ee, Temesgen, G, Temesgen, Wa, Temsah, Mh, Thankappan, Kr, Thapar, R, Thomas, Nk, Tiruneh, C, Todorovic, J, Torrado, M, Touvier, M, Palone, Mrt, Tran, Mtn, Llimos, St, Tripathy, Jp, Vakilian, A, Valizadeh, R, Varmaghani, M, Varthya, Sb, Vasankari, Tj, Vos, T, Wagaye, B, Waheed, Y, Walde, Mt, Wang, C, Wang, Yz, Wang, Yp, Westerman, R, Wickramasinghe, Nd, Wubetu, Ad, Xu, S, Yamagishi, K, Yang, L, Yesera, Gee, Yigit, A, Yimaw, Ae, Yon, Dk, Yonemoto, N, Yu, Ch, Zadey, S, Zahir, M, Zare, I, Zastrozhin, M, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, Zj, Zhong, Cw, Zmaili, M, Zuniga, Ymh, Gakidou, E, Madureira-Carvalho, Am, Ciobanu, LG, Gakidou, Emma, and GBD 2020 Alcohol Collaborators
Subjects: Adult, Male, Alcohol Drinking, CONTROL POLICIES, adult, Child, Preschool, Female, Geography, Global Burden of Disease, Global Health, Humans, Middle Aged, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Risk Factors, NDAS, ALL-CAUSE, GUIDELINES, GBD 2020 Alcohol Collaborators, COST-EFFECTIVENESS, Medicine, General & Internal, DRINKING, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, RA0421, General & Internal Medicine, Quality-Adjusted Life Year, RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine, DRINKERS, Child, Preschool, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, METAANALYSIS, MCC, Science & Technology, global burden of disease, Risk Factor, General Medicine, CANCER, alcohol drinking, AC, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, REDUCED MORTALITY, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Human
Abstract: Background: The health risks associated with moderate alcohol consumption continue to be debated. Small amounts of alcohol might lower the risk of some health outcomes but increase the risk of others, suggesting that the overall risk depends, in part, on background disease rates, which vary by region, age, sex, and year. Methods: For this analysis, we constructed burden-weighted dose-response relative risk curves across 22 health outcomes to estimate the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL) and non-drinker equivalence (NDE), the consumption level at which the health risk is equivalent to that of a non-drinker, using disease rates from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2020 for 21 regions, including 204 countries and territories, by 5-year age group, sex, and year for individuals aged 15-95 years and older from 1990 to 2020. Based on the NDE, we quantified the population consuming harmful amounts of alcohol. Findings: The burden-weighted relative risk curves for alcohol use varied by region and age. Among individuals aged 15-39 years in 2020, the TMREL varied between 0 (95% uncertainty interval 0-0) and 0·603 (0·400-1·00) standard drinks per day, and the NDE varied between 0·002 (0-0) and 1·75 (0·698-4·30) standard drinks per day. Among individuals aged 40 years and older, the burden-weighted relative risk curve was J-shaped for all regions, with a 2020 TMREL that ranged from 0·114 (0-0·403) to 1·87 (0·500-3·30) standard drinks per day and an NDE that ranged between 0·193 (0-0·900) and 6·94 (3·40-8·30) standard drinks per day. Among individuals consuming harmful amounts of alcohol in 2020, 59·1% (54·3-65·4) were aged 15-39 years and 76·9% (73·0-81·3) were male. Interpretation: There is strong evidence to support recommendations on alcohol consumption varying by age and location. Stronger interventions, particularly those tailored towards younger individuals, are needed to reduce the substantial global health loss attributable to alcohol. Research reported in this publication was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. S Afzal acknowledges the support for intellectual contributions to this manuscript by the Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology at King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan. T Bärnighausen was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Alexander von Humboldt Professor award, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. L Belo acknowledges support from FCT in the scope of the project UIDP/04378/2020 and UIDB/04378/2020 of UCIBIO and the project LA/P/0140/2020 of i4HB. D Bennett is supported by the UK Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford (Oxford, UK). M Carvalho acknowledges support from FCT in the scope of the project UIDP/04378/2020 and UIDB/04378/2020 of UCIBIO and the project LA/P/0140/2020 of i4HB. L Castro-de-Araujo was funded by the Medical Research Council (UK), Grant no. MR/T03355X/1 and by the National Institute of Mental Health Grant no. R01MH128911. FJ Elgar is supported by the Canada Research Chairs program. F Greaves acknowledges support from the NIHR Applied Research Collaboration for NW London. V K Gupta acknowledges funding support from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Australia. VB Gupta acknowledges funding support from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Australia. C Herteliu is partially supported by a grant from the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNDS-UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P4-ID-PCCF-2016-0084. C Herteliu is partially supported by a grant from the Romanian Ministry of Research Innovation and Digitalization, MCID, project number ID-585-CTR-42-PFE-2021. S Hussain was supported by the Operational Programme Research, Development and Education –Project, Postdoc2MUNI “(No. CZ.02.2.69/0.0/0.0/18_053/0016952). S M S Islam is funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council and received funding from the National Heart Foundation of Australia. The Serbian part of this GBD-related contribution has been co-financed through Grant OI 175 014 of the Ministry of Education Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia. M Kivimaki was supported by the Wellcome Trust (221854/Z/20/Z), the UK Medical Research Council (MR/S011676/1), the US National Institute on Aging (R01AG056477), and the Academy of Finland (350426). K Krishan is supported by the UGC Centre of Advanced Study (Phase II), awarded to the Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. B Lacey acknowledges support from the UK Biobank, funded largely by the UK Medical Research Council and Wellcome. S Lorkowski acknowledges institutional support from the Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig (Germany; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research; grant agreement number 01EA1808A). G Lucchetti received a productivity scholarship from the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development — CNPq (Level 1D). J McGrath was supported by the Danish National Research Foundation (Niels Bohr Professor). J McGrath is employed by the Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research (Australia), which receives support from the Queensland Health Department. C Parry acknowleges the South African Medical Research Council. A Peden is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council Emerging Leadership Fellowship (Grant ID: APP2009306). M R Phillips was supported in part by the Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases - National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC. No. 81761128031). M Pinheiro acknowledges FCT for funding through program DL 57/2016 – Norma transitória. A Rahman acknowledges the support from the Data Science Research Unit in Charles Sturt University (Bathurst, NSW, Australia). U Saeed would like to acknowledge the International Center of Medical Sciences Research (ICMSR), Islamabad, Pakistan. A M Samy acknowledges support from Ain Shams University (Cairo, Egypt) and the Egyptian Fulbright Mission Program. N Senthil Kumar acknowledges the DBT, New Delhi sponsored Advanced State Level Biotech Hub (BT/NER/143/SP44475/2021), Mizoram University (Aizawl, Mizoram, India) for facilitating this work. F Sha is supported by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (Grant No. KQTD20190929172835662). A Shetty acknowledges Kasturba Medical College (Mangalore, India) and Manipal Academy of Higher Education (Manipal, India) for all the academic support. R Shrestha acknowledges a career development award from the National Institutes of Health (K01DA051346). D Silva was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-Brazil (CAPES)-Finance Code 001 and is supported in part by CNPq - Brazil (309589/2021-5). D Sleet acknowledges partial support from Veritas Management Group, Inc and The Bizzell Group, LLC. S Trias-Llimós acknowledges research funding from the Juan de la Cierva-Formación program of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (FJC-2019-039314-I). Sí
Published: 2022

35. Survival characteristics of Wilms Tumor, a reference developed from a longitudinal cohort study.

Author: Elgenidy A, Afifi AM, Gad EF, Atef Abdelsattar Ibrahim H, Khan U, Alomari O, Cheema HA, Ebad-Ur-Rehman M, Sherif A, Alzu'bi M, Abd-Elfattah M, Ahmad AR, Elhoufey A, Osman AM, Ezzat M, Hammour AE, Dailah HG, Gamal DA, and Saad K
Subjects: Humans, Male, Female, Child, Preschool, Child, Survival Rate, Longitudinal Studies, Prognosis, Infant, United States epidemiology, Cohort Studies, Adolescent, Wilms Tumor mortality, Wilms Tumor pathology, Kidney Neoplasms mortality, Kidney Neoplasms pathology, SEER Program
Abstract: Background: Wilms tumor (WT) survival has been affected by the evolution in clinical and biological prognostic factors. Significant differences in survival rates indicate the need for further efforts to reduce these disparities. This study aims to evaluate the clinicopathological data impact on survival among patients after Wilm's diagnosis., Methods: The study utilized the SEERStat Database to identify Wilms tumor patients, applying SEERStat software version 8.3.9.2 for data extraction. Selection criteria involved specific codes based on the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICDO-3), excluding cases with unknown SEER stage, incomplete survival data, unknown size, or lymph node status. Statistical analyses, including Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox regression models, were conducted using R software version 3.5. Standardized mortality ratios (SMR) were computed with SEER*Stat software, and relative and conditional survival analyses were performed to evaluate long-term survival outcomes., Results: Of 2273 patients diagnosed with Wilms tumor, (1219 patients, 53.6% were females with an average age group of 3-8 years (50.2%). The overall mean survival after five years of diagnosis was 93.6% (2.6-94.7), and the overall mean survival rate was 92.5% (91.3-93.8) after ten years of diagnosis. Renal cancers were identified as the leading cause of death (77.3%), followed by nonrenal cancers (11%) and noncancer causes (11%). Additionally, robust relative survival rates of 98.10%, 92.80%, and 91.3% at one, five, and ten years, respectively, were observed, with corresponding five-year conditional survival rates indicating an increasing likelihood of survival with each additional year post-diagnosis. Univariate Cox regression identified significant prognostic factors: superior CSS for patients below 3 years (cHR 0.48) and poorer CSS for those older than 15 years (cHR 2.72), distant spread (cHR 10.24), regional spread (cHR 3.09), and unknown stage (cHR 4.97). In the multivariate model, age was not a significant predictor, but distant spread (aHR 9.22), regional spread (aHR 2.84), and unknown stage (aHR 4.98) were associated with worse CSS compared to localized tumors., Conclusion: This study delving into WT survival dynamics reveals a multifaceted landscape influenced by clinicopathological variables. This comprehensive understanding emphasizes the imperative for ongoing research and personalized interventions to refine survival rates and address nuanced challenges across age, stage, and tumor spread in WT patients., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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36. Nonmedical Use of Stimulants Among Students in Jordan: A Nationwide Study.

Author: Abdulfattah S, Ahmad AR, Kitaneh R, Alsharaydeh T, Almudallal F, Alzoubi R, Abbadi R, Haddad TA, Wazaify M, Alkayed Z, Bani Mustafa R, and Tetrault JM
Subjects: Humans, Jordan epidemiology, Male, Female, Cross-Sectional Studies, Young Adult, Adolescent, Universities, Adult, Surveys and Questionnaires, Substance-Related Disorders epidemiology, Recreational Drug Use statistics & numerical data, Students statistics & numerical data, Central Nervous System Stimulants
Abstract: Objectives: Nonmedical use (NMU) of stimulants is an increasingly common phenomenon worldwide. Motivated by enhancing academic performance, peer pressure, and seeking pleasure, students in the Middle East are thought to be a high-risk population. This is especially important in times when the political instability in the region facilitates the production and trafficking of such substances. This study aimed to unveil the burden of NMU of stimulants and examine associated correlates among senior high school and university students in Jordan., Methods: We describe a cross-sectional study of senior high school and university students in Jordan assessing NMU of stimulants. Data were collected between January and April of 2022 through a survey, which was distributed online leading to a google forms page. The survey queried sociodemographic characteristics, history of NMU of stimulants, use of other illicit substances, attitudes toward NMU of stimulants, as well as a mental health assessment., Results: A total of 8739 students completed the survey (mean age of 20.40 ± 2.45 years), of which 5.1% reported a lifetime NMU of stimulants. Fenethylline (Captagon) was the most widely reported stimulant (2.6%). Living in the southern region, being diagnosed with a personality disorder, and using concomitant illicit substances were associated with the NMU of stimulants., Conclusions: The NMU of CNS stimulants, especially fenethylline, is prevalent in Jordan. More surveillance ought to be heeded toward the southern borders of Jordan. Students who use stimulants for academic reasons must be made aware of the potential consequences of the NMU of stimulants., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors., (Copyright © 2024 American Society of Addiction Medicine.)
Published: 2024
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37. Intentional Oversizing of Valve in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Is Bigger Better? A Large, Single-Center Experience.

Author: Ammar KA, Graeber A, Ahmad AR, Zilinski J, O'Hair DP, Jain R, Allaqaband SQ, and Bajwa T
Abstract: Background: The current clinical practice standard is 10% to 20% oversizing of self-expanding valves in transcatheter aortic valve replacement. We aimed to determine whether >20% oversizing of self-expanding valves (Medtronic Evolut) would lead to better valve performance with similar or better outcomes., Methods: From October 2011 to December 2016, we approached all transcatheter aortic valve replacement patients with a conscious attempt at large oversizing (>20%). The most common valve used, excluding those used in valve-in-valve patients, was the 29-mm Evolut R (29%). We used a retrospective chart review to compare moderate oversizing (group 1; 10% to 20%) with large oversizing (group 2; >20%)., Results: Of 556 patients, 45% were male; the overall mean Society of Thoracic Surgeons risk score was 5.8 ± 3.8. Eighty-five (15%) patients needed a pacemaker, and 21 (3.8%) developed significant paravalvular leak. Mean oversizing was 20.3% ± 6.0%, with 41.4% of patients included in group 1 and 54.5% in group 2. Incidences of complications in group 2 vs. group 1 were as follows: a) paravalvular leak (2.0 vs. 6.1%; odds ratio = 0.31, p = 0.01), b) pacemaker (15 vs. 14%), c) gastrointestinal bleed (n = 4 vs. 0; 1.3 vs. 0.0%; p = 0.03), d) annular dissection (n = 1 vs. 0; 0.3 vs. 0%; p = 0.29), e) mortality (n = 5 vs. 4; 1.6 vs. 1.7%). Incidence of paravalvular leak was higher in those who died than survivors (13 vs. 1.3%; p ≤ 0.0001)., Conclusions: These data suggest that, in current self-expanding valves, >20% oversizing delivers a significantly lower prevalence of paravalvular leak without an increase in other complications. Since paravalvular leak is associated with increased mortality, >20% oversizing may represent a superior prosthesis choice., Competing Interests: T. Bajwa, R. Jain, and D. P. O’Hair are consultants for Medtronic. The other authors had no conflicts to declare., (© 2023 The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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38. Falcon gut microbiota is shaped by diet and enriched in Salmonella.

Author: Ahmad AR, Ridgeway S, Shibl AA, Idaghdour Y, and Jha AR
Subjects: Animals, Humans, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Phylogeny, Diet, Salmonella genetics, Gastrointestinal Microbiome genetics, Falconiformes
Abstract: The gut microbiome is increasingly being appreciated as a master regulator of animal health. However, avian gut microbiome studies commonly focus on birds of economic importance and the gut microbiomes of raptors remain underexplored. Here we examine the gut microbiota of 29 captive falcons-raptors of historic importance-in the context of avian evolution by sequencing the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Our results reveal that evolutionary histories and diet are significantly associated with avian gut microbiota in general, whereas diet plays a major role in shaping the falcon gut microbiota. Multiple analyses revealed that gut microbial diversity, composition, and relative abundance of key diet-discriminating bacterial genera in the falcon gut closely resemble those of carnivorous raptors rather than those of their closest phylogenetic relatives. Furthermore, the falcon microbiota is dominated by Firmicutes and contains Salmonella at appreciable levels. Salmonella presence was associated with altered functional capacity of the falcon gut microbiota as its abundance is associated with depletion of multiple predicted metabolic pathways involved in protein mass buildup, muscle maintenance, and enrichment of antimicrobial compound degradation, thus increasing the pathogenic potential of the falcon gut. Our results point to the necessity of screening for Salmonella and other human pathogens in captive birds to safeguard both the health of falcons and individuals who come in contact with these birds., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Ahmad et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
Published: 2024
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39. Neonatal COVID-19 treatment: Are there new chances?

Author: Elfarargy MS, Alruwaili TA, Ahmad AR, and Elbadry DH
Subjects: Humans, Infant, Newborn, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, Female, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome therapy, Telemedicine, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious drug therapy, COVID-19 therapy, COVID-19 complications, Antiviral Agents therapeutic use, SARS-CoV-2
Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is considered an infectious disease which is caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Neonatal COVID-19 had been occurred in many countries which would indicate the need of effective and safe treatment for these vulnerable group. In this study, we showed symptoms of corona virus in neonates, investigation of coronavirus in neonates and radiological features of neonatal COVID-19. In addition, we discussed management of neonates with COVI-19, antiviral treatment, monoclonal antibodies administration, immunomodulatory therapy, antibiotics, vitamins, and minerals in the treatment of neonatal COVID-19, and also telemedicine in neonatal COVID-19 and feeding the newborn of COVID-19 mother. We also discussed multisystem inflammatory syndrome in neonates (MIS-N), management of affected COVID-19 neonates and discussion of the complication of the neonatal COVID-19. We further discussed the methods of dealing with COVID-19 neonates and the research done on the neonatal COVID-19 treatment.
Published: 2024
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40. Parity of esteem: A global COVID-19 vaccination approach for people with mental illnesses, based on facts from 34 countries; recommendations and solutions.

Author: Shoib S, Saeed F, Philip S, Chandradasa M, Das S, de Filippis R, Yousaf Z, Ojeahere M, Gad HK, Yadivel R, Legris Z, Jatchavala C, Paul R, Gupta AK, Handuleh JIM, Gürcan A, da Costa MP, Dannatt L, Ahmad AR, Jaguga F, Saleem SM, Sawitri B, Arif N, Islam MS, Haque MA, Őri D, Chumakov E, Swed S, Roza TH, and Islam SMS
Abstract: Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has detrimental effects on physical and mental health. Patients with severe mental illness are at higher risk of contracting the virus due to social determinants of health. Vulnerable populations include the elderly, people with pre-existing conditions, and those exposed to SARS-CoV-2. Unfortunately, only a few countries have updated vaccination strategies to prioritize patients with mental illnesses. Therefore, we aimed to explore whether individuals with mental disorders are prioritized in vaccine allocation strategies in different world regions. They are often neglected in policymaking but are highly vulnerable to the threatening complications of COVID-19., Methods: A questionnaire was developed to record details regarding COVID-19 vaccination and prioritizations for groups of persons with non-communicable diseases (NCDs), mental disorders, and substance use disorders (SUDs). NCDs were defined according to the WHO as chronic diseases that are the result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental, and behavioral factors such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, respiratory diseases, and diabetes., Results: Most countries surveyed (80%) reported healthcare delivery via a nationalized health service. It was found that 82% of the countries had set up advisory groups, but only 26% included a mental health professional. Most frequently, malignancy (68%) was prioritized followed by diabetes type 2 (62%) and type 1 (59%). Only nine countries (26%) prioritized mental health conditions., Conclusion: The spread of the coronavirus has exposed both the strengths and flaws of our healthcare systems. The most vulnerable groups suffered the most and were hit first and faced most challenges. These findings raise awareness that patients with mental illnesses have been overlooked in immunization campaigns. The range of their mortality, morbidity, and quality of life could have widened due to this delay., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2023 Industrial Psychiatry Journal.)
Published: 2024
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41. Neonatal Microbiome: Is it Still Beneficial?

Author: Elfarargy MS, Elbadry DH, Ahmad AR, and Elhady HA
Subjects: Humans, Infant, Newborn, Female, Prebiotics, Probiotics therapeutic use, Synbiotics, Microbiota, Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Abstract: The neonatal microbiome includes all the microorganisms living within or on the surface of the newborn, as well as their genes (i.e., bacteria, fungi, and viruses), which are composed mainly of bacteria. The majority of these microorganisms reside in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), which is known as the gut microbiome. They include trillions of microbes, which exceed the total number of neonate cells. In this study, we have examined factors affecting neonatal microbiome colonization, various phyla of the microbiome in neonates, and their characteristics. In addition, we have discussed symbiosis and dysbiosis, precipitating diseases, breast milk's role in the neonatal gut microbiome, prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, and synbiotics, as well as the airway or respiratory microbiome, and the main role of the neonatal microbiome. We have also discussed neonatal mycobiome and neonatal virome, as well as the research done on the neonatal microbiome., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)
Published: 2024
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42. Findings from a Malaysian multicentre study on oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Author: Sathasivam HP, Davan SP, Chua SM, Rohaizat RF, Japar R, Zakaria Z, Ahmad AR, Hashim H, Marimuthu SG, Liew YT, Yong DJ, Vairavan P, Mohan Singh AS, Goh BHB, Yusof Z, Abu Dahari KAS, Haron A, Mansor M, Ibrahim MZ, Muhammad Abdul Kadar SQ, Hamal MH, and Wan Mohamad WE
Abstract: Background: In addition to the conventional aetiologic agents of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) such as tobacco usage, alcohol consumption and betel quid usage, it has been established that a proportion of OPSCC are driven by persistent oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. Currently, there is a lack of data on the burden of HPV- associated OPSCC in Asian countries including Malaysia., Methods: A cross-sectional multicentre study with tissue analysis of Malaysian patients diagnosed with primary OPSCC within a five-year period, from 2015 to 2019 between 01/01/2015 to 31/12/2019 was undertaken. Determination of HPV status was carried out using p16INK4a immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays constructed from archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue., Results: From the cases identified, 184 cases had sufficient tissue material for analysis. Overall, median age at diagnosis was 63.0 years (IQR = 15) and 76.1% of patients were males. In our cohort, 35.3% of patients were Indian, 34.2% were Chinese, 21.2% were Malay and 9.2% were from other ethnicities. The estimated prevalence of HPV-associated OPSCC in our cohort was 31.0% (CI 24.4-38.2%). The median age for the HPV-associated OPSCC sub-group of patients was not significantly lower than the median age of patients with HPV-independent OPSCC. More than half of HPV-associated OPSCC was seen in patients of Chinese ethnicity (54.4%). Patients with HPV-associated OPSCC had a much better overall survival than patients with HPV-independent OPSCC (Log rank test; p < 0.001). Patients with HPV-associated OPSCC with no habit-related risk factors such as smoking, were found to have much better overall survival when compared to all other sub-groups., Conclusions: The findings from our study suggests that prevalence of HPV-associated OPSCC in Malaysia, though not as high as some developed countries, is however on an upward trend. HPV-associated OPSCC appears to be more frequently encountered in patients of Chinese ethnicity. Conventional risk-factors associated with OPSCC such as smoking, alcohol consumption and betel quid chewing should still be considered when estimating prognosis of patients with HPV-associated OPSCC., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
Published: 2023
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43. Correction: Vitamin D status and clinical implications in the adult population of Malaysia: a position paper by the Malaysian Vitamin D Special Interest Group.

Author: Lee JK, Chee WSS, Foo SH, Lee VKM, Sallehuddin H, Khor HM, Arasu K, Mohamad M, Ahmad AR, Puvaneswaran SA, Koh KC, Hoo FK, Tan GH, and Mitchell PJ
Published: 2023
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44. Vitamin D status and clinical implications in the adult population of Malaysia: a position paper by the Malaysian Vitamin D Special Interest Group.

Author: Lee JK, Chee WS, Foo SH, Lee VK, Sallehuddin H, Khor HM, Arasu K, Mohamad M, Ahmad AR, A/L Puvaneswaran S, Koh KC, Hoo FK, Tan GH, and Mitchell PJ
Subjects: Humans, Malaysia epidemiology, Adult, Sunlight, Food, Fortified, Nutritional Status physiology, Vitamin D Deficiency epidemiology, Vitamin D Deficiency blood, Vitamin D Deficiency prevention & control, Vitamin D blood, Vitamin D therapeutic use, Vitamin D analogs & derivatives, Dietary Supplements
Abstract: Purpose: Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency is common among populations globally, and in Asia and Malaysia. The purpose of this Position Paper is to propose recommendations for both clinicians and non-clinicians to promote vitamin D sufficiency in Malaysian adults. Formation of a national multisector, multidisciplinary alliance is also proposed to progress initiatives relating to safe sun exposure, adequate vitamin D intake through food fortification, and vitamin D supplementation for high-risk groups., Methods: Literature reviews were undertaken to inform summaries of the following: vitamin D status globally and in Asian and Malaysian populations, vitamin D status among individuals with common medical conditions, and current recommendations to achieve vitamin D sufficiency through sun exposure, food intake and supplementation. Recommendations were based on the findings of the literature reviews, recent European guidance on vitamin D supplementation, the 2018 road map for action on vitamin D in low- and middle-income countries, and research recommendations proposed by the Malaysian Ministry of Health in 2017., Results: Recommendations on assessment of vitamin D in the adult Malaysian population include using serum or plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration as a biomarker, widespread participation by Malaysian laboratories in the Vitamin D Standardization Program, adoption of the US Endocrine Society definitions of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency, and development of a comprehensive nationwide vitamin D status study. Specific high-risk groups are identified for vitamin D assessment and recommendations relating to loading doses and ongoing management are also made., Conclusion: This Position Paper provides individual clinicians and national stakeholder organisations with clear recommendations to achieve vitamin D sufficiency in the adult population of Malaysia., (© 2023. International Osteoporosis Foundation and Bone Health and Osteoporosis Foundation.)
Published: 2023
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45. Enhancing Robotic-Based Propeller Blade Sharpening Efficiency with a Laser-Vision Sensor and a Force Compliance Mechanism.

Author: Cheng YS, Shah SH, Yen SH, Ahmad AR, and Lin CY
Subjects: Reproducibility of Results, Mechanical Phenomena, Lasers, Robotics, Robotic Surgical Procedures
Abstract: The edge sharpness of a propeller blade plays a vital role in improving energy transmission efficiency and reducing the power required to propel the vehicle. However, producing finely sharpened edges through casting is challenging due to the risk of breakage. Additionally, the blade profile of the wax model can deform during drying, making it difficult to achieve the required edge thickness. To automate the sharpening process, we propose an intelligent system consisting of a six-DoF industrial robot and a laser-vision sensor. The system improves machining accuracy through an iterative grinding compensation strategy that eliminates material residuals based on profile data from the vision sensor. An indigenously designed compliance mechanism is employed to enhance the performance of robotic grinding which is actively controlled by an electronic proportional pressure regulator to adjust the contact force and position between the workpiece and abrasive belt. The system's reliability and functionality are validated using three different workpiece models of four-blade propellers, achieving accurate and efficient machining within the required thickness tolerances. The proposed system provides a promising solution for finely sharpened propeller blade edges, addressing challenges associated with the earlier robotic-based grinding studies.
Published: 2023
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46. Randomized Trial of Tepotinib Plus Gefitinib versus Chemotherapy in EGFR-Mutant NSCLC with EGFR Inhibitor Resistance Due to MET Amplification: INSIGHT Final Analysis.

Author: Liam CK, Ahmad AR, Hsia TC, Zhou J, Kim DW, Soo RA, Cheng Y, Lu S, Shin SW, Yang JC, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Berghoff K, Bruns R, Johne A, and Wu YL
Subjects: Adult, Humans, Middle Aged, Gefitinib, ErbB Receptors genetics, Protein Kinase Inhibitors adverse effects, Mutation, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols adverse effects, Disease-Free Survival, Lung Neoplasms drug therapy, Lung Neoplasms genetics, Lung Neoplasms pathology, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung drug therapy, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung genetics, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung pathology
Abstract: Purpose: The final analyses of the INSIGHT phase II study evaluating tepotinib (a selective MET inhibitor) plus gefitinib versus chemotherapy in patients with MET-altered EGFR-mutant NSCLC (data cut-off: September 3, 2021)., Patients and Methods: Adults with advanced/metastatic EGFR-mutant NSCLC, acquired resistance to first-/second-generation EGFR inhibitors, and MET gene copy number (GCN) ≥5, MET:CEP7 ≥2, or MET IHC 2+/3+ were randomized to tepotinib 500 mg (450 mg active moiety) plus gefitinib 250 mg once daily, or chemotherapy. Primary endpoint was investigator-assessed progression-free survival (PFS). MET-amplified subgroup analysis was preplanned., Results: Overall (N = 55), median PFS was 4.9 months versus 4.4 months [stratified HR, 0.67; 90% CI, 0.35-1.28] with tepotinib plus gefitinib versus chemotherapy. In 19 patients with MET amplification (median age 60.4 years; 68.4% never-smokers; median GCN 8.8; median MET/CEP7 2.8; 89.5% with MET IHC 3+), tepotinib plus gefitinib improved PFS (HR, 0.13; 90% CI, 0.04-0.43) and overall survival (OS; HR, 0.10; 90% CI, 0.02-0.36) versus chemotherapy. Objective response rate was 66.7% with tepotinib plus gefitinib versus 42.9% with chemotherapy; median duration of response was 19.9 months versus 2.8 months. Median duration of tepotinib plus gefitinib was 11.3 months (range, 1.1-56.5), with treatment >1 year in six (50.0%) and >4 years in three patients (25.0%). Seven patients (58.3%) had treatment-related grade ≥3 adverse events with tepotinib plus gefitinib and five (71.4%) had chemotherapy., Conclusions: Final analysis of INSIGHT suggests improved PFS and OS with tepotinib plus gefitinib versus chemotherapy in a subgroup of patients with MET-amplified EGFR-mutant NSCLC, after progression on EGFR inhibitors., (©2023 The Authors; Published by the American Association for Cancer Research.)
Published: 2023
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47. Robot Pose Estimation and Normal Trajectory Generation on Curved Surface Using an Enhanced Non-Contact Approach.

Author: Shah SH, Lin CY, Tran CC, and Ahmad AR
Abstract: The use of robots for machining operations has become very popular in the last few decades. However, the challenge of the robotic-based machining process, such as surface finishing on curved surfaces, still persists. Prior studies (non-contact- and contact-based) have their own limitations, such as fixture error and surface friction. To cope with these challenges, this study proposes an advanced technique for path correction and normal trajectory generation while tracking a curved workpiece's surface. Initially, a key-point selection approach is used to estimate a reference workpiece's coordinates using a depth measuring tool. This approach overcomes the fixture errors and enables the robot to track the desired path, i.e., where the surface normal trajectory is needed. Subsequently, this study employs an attached RGB-D camera on the end-effector of the robot for determining the depth and angle between the robot and the contact surface, which nullifies surface friction issues. The point cloud information of the contact surface is employed by the pose correction algorithm to guarantee the robot's perpendicularity and constant contact with the surface. The efficiency of the proposed technique is analyzed by carrying out several experimental trials using a 6 DOF robot manipulator. The results reveal a better normal trajectory generation than previous state-of-the-art research, with an average angle and depth error of 1.8 degrees and 0.4 mm.
Published: 2023
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48. Repeated 28-Day Oral Toxicological Study and Gastroprotective Effects of Nigella sativa L. Oil (Shuhada) against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury in Rats.

Author: Sanpinit S, Wetchakul P, Chonsut P, Ngamdokmai N, Ahmad AR, and Warinhomhoun S
Subjects: Rats, Animals, Ethanol adverse effects, Rats, Wistar, Gastric Mucosa, Plant Extracts chemistry, Stomach Ulcer chemically induced, Stomach Ulcer drug therapy, Stomach Ulcer prevention & control, Nigella sativa, Anti-Ulcer Agents pharmacology, Anti-Ulcer Agents therapeutic use
Abstract: Nigella sativa L. and black seeds are traditionally used for cooking and medicinal purposes in Arab and other countries. Although N. sativa seed extract has many known biological effects, the biological effects of cold-pressed N. sativa oil are poorly understood. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the gastroprotective effects and subacute oral toxicity of black seed oil (BSO) in an animal model. The gastroprotective effects of oral BSO (50% and 100%; 1 mg/kg) were tested using acute experimental models of ethanol-induced gastric ulcers. Gross and histological gastric lesions, ulcerated gastric areas, ulcer index score, percentage of inhibition rate, gastric juice pH, and gastric wall mucus were all evaluated. The subacute toxicity of BSO and its thymoquinone (TQ) content were also examined. The results indicated that the administration of BSO exerted gastroprotective effects by increasing the gastric wall mucus and decreasing gastric juice acidity. In the subacute toxicity test, the animals behaved normally, and their weight and water and food intake did not show significant variations. High-performance liquid chromatography detected 7.3 mg/mL TQ in BSO. These findings suggest that BSO may be a safe therapeutic drug for preventing gastric ulcers.
Published: 2023
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49. Public engagement in government officials' posts on social media during coronavirus lockdown.

Author: Bali AO, Halbusi HA, Ahmad AR, and Lee KY
Subjects: Adult, Humans, SARS-CoV-2, Pandemics, Government Employees, Communicable Disease Control, COVID-19 epidemiology, Social Media
Abstract: Background: Social media has been a common platform to disseminate health information by government officials during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, little is known about the determinants of public engagement in officials' posts on social media, especially during lockdown., Objectives: This study aims to investigate how the public engages in officials' posts about COVID-19 on social media and to identify factors influencing the levels of engagement., Methods: A total of 511 adults aged 18 or over completed an online questionnaire during lockdown in Iraq. Levels of engagement in officials' posts on social media, trust in officials and compliance of government instructions were assessed., Results: Fear of COVID-19 and trust in officials were positively associated with compliance of government instructions. Trust in officials was also associated with active engagement in officials' posts on social media, including commenting, posting and sharing of the posts., Conclusions: Trust in government has been established during the COVID-19 pandemic. Public engagement in officials' posts is crucial to reinforce health policies and disseminate health information., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2023 Bali et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
Published: 2023
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50. Diagnostic and Operative Challenges in a Type I First Branchial Cleft Cyst: A Case Report.

Author: Zulkaflay MS, Lim Pei Fang L, Doh Jeing Y, Ahmad AR, and Gendeh H
Abstract: First branchial cleft cyst (FBCC) is a rare entity of congenital anomalies in the head and neck area. Dealing with FBCC is a clinical challenge as the condition is frequently forgotten in the differential diagnosis of lateral neck swelling. We report a rare case of unilateral type I FBCC in an 11-year-old boy who presented with a painless and slow-growing preauricular mass masquerading as a benign cystic lesion of the parotid. The lesion was completely removed via surgical excision. Histopathology report confirmed the findings of squamous epithelium‑lined cyst wall, which was a characteristic of a branchial cleft cyst. The combination of good clinical acumen, with the help of radiological correlation, along with a strong degree of suspicion for the condition, facilitates the diagnosis of this condition and hence proper management., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2022, Zulkaflay et al.)
Published: 2022
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