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Aegle marmelos is a plant species native to India. Commercially available food products such as jam, jelly, candy, squash etc. are prepared from ripe fruit pulp of A. marmelos. Ripe fruit processing accounts for 60% of whole fruit mass while 40% remains unutilized and generates waste (hard shell, pomace, fiber and seeds) on a massive scale which do not have high value applications. A new flavone 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4′-hydroxy-3′-isopentyloxyphenyl-4H-chromen-4-one (5) in addition to the known compounds 1–4, has been isolated from seeds of A. marmelos. Also, compound 7-(3′-methylbut-2′-enyloxy)-2H-chromen-2-one (2) has been isolated for the first time from A. marmelos. The structure of compounds 1–5 was determined by spectral analysis (UV, IR, NMR, etc.). Additionally, the non-edible oil obtained from seeds was investigated for waste to wealth recovery of 6-O-ascorbyl esters in high regioselectivity via one step semi-synthetic approach in the presence of ascorbic acid and H2SO4 at ambient temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The composition of the essential oil isolated from the rhizomes ofZingiber zerumbetSmith was determined using GC and GC–MS. Zerumbone (74.82%), humulene (6.02%), and β-copaen-4α-ol (4.32%) were identified as major compounds.E-Bisabol-11-ol (4.32%),E-bisabol-11-ol (0.92%), β-sinensal (0.57%), and α-himachalene oxide (0.19) were reported for the first time in its oil. Zerumbone was further isolated from the crude mixture of oil and identified by FTIR, NMR (1H,13C, DEPT, HXCO, and HMBC), and mass (EI-MS) spectral data. Zerumbone showed promising antifungal activity against three phytopathogenic fungi, namelyRhizoctonia solani(EC50, 39.6 ppm),Sclerotium rolfsii(EC50, 59.3 ppm), andMacrophomina phaseolina(EC50, 147.4 ppm) compared with hexaconazole (EC50, 18.3, 13.4, and 4.5 ppm, respectively). Zerumbone has also shown concentration-dependent affect on seedling growth ofPhalaris minorRetz., compared with control andTriticum aestivumL. (wheat). Zerumbone strongly suppressed the root and shoot growth ofP. minorseedling at 1000 ppm compared with control and wheat. It exhibited no or less effect on the germination of seeds ofT. aestivum. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A series of oxime esters was synthesized by esterification of 3-ethoxy-4-benzaldehyde oxime with acid chlorides in the presence of triethylamine. They were evaluated for theirin vitroantifungal activity against three pathogenic fungi, namelyRhizoctonia bataticola, Fusarium udum, andAlternaria porii, and their antibacterial activity against the three bacterial strainsStaphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, andKlebsiella pneumoneae. The compounds bearing medium-length alkyl chains showed greater activity than those with long alkyl chains. An electron-donating group in para position of the aryl ring confers highest activity. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This work was aimed to evaluate the essential oil from root of medicinally important plant Senecio amplexicaulis for chemical composition, antifungal and phytotoxic activity. The chemical composition analysed by GC/GC–MS showed the presence of monoterpene hydrocarbons in high percentage with marker compounds as α-phellandrene (48.57%), o-cymene (16.80%) and β-ocimene (7.61%). The essential oil exhibited significant antifungal activity against five phytopathogenic fungi, Sclerotium rolfsii, Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium debaryanum and Fusarium oxysporum. The oil demonstrated remarkable phytotoxic activity in tested concentration and significant reduction in seed germination percentage of Phalaris minor and Triticum aestivum at higher concentrations. The roots essential oil showed high yield for one of its marker compound (α-phellandrene) which makes it important natural source of this compound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]