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Tässä tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan kyberosaamisen nykytilaa ja tulevaisuuden näkymiä Suomessa. Kyberosaamisella tarkoitetaan kyberturvallisuuteen liittyvää tutkimus-, kehitys- ja innovaatiotoimintaa. Raportissa analysoidaan suomalaisten yritysten, korkeakoulujen, ja tutkimuslaitosten kyberturvallisuuteen liittyvä tutkimustoimintaa, alan koulutusta, innovaatio- ja kehitystoimintaa sekä julkisen hallinnon roolia ja alan yhteistyön tilaa. Lisäksi siinä käsitellään Suomen vahvuuksia ja heikkouksia kyberturvallisuusosaamisessa sekä osaamisen puutteita ja kapeikkoja. Kansallisen tarkastelun ohella tutkimuksessa nostetaan esiin muutamia kansainvälisiä edelläkävijämaita (Hollanti, Viro, Israel), joita vastaan suomalaista kehitystä voidaan peilata. Kyberosaamisen tulevaisuutta tarkastellaan kybertoimintaympäristön muutoksen ja tulevaisuuden kehitystarpeiden näkökulmista. Raportissa luodaan tulevaisuuskuva Suomen kybertoimintaympäristön kehityksestä 10 vuoden aikajänteellä sekä kolme tiekarttaa, jotka kuvaavat siirtymää nykytilasta kohti tavoitetilaa. Tutkimus osoittaa, edellytykset kyberturvallisuusosaamisen ja -alan kehittämiselle ovat Suomessa hyvät. Suomessa on korkeatasoista kyberturvallisuuteen liittyvää tutkimus-, kehitys- ja innovaatiotoimintaa ja -osaamista. Vahvuuksia on sekä yrityskentällä että korkeakouluissa ja tutkimuslaitoksissa. Alan osaamispohja on kuitenkin varsin kapea ja kärkiosaaminen keskittyy varsin harvoille toimijoille. Osaaminen myös hajaantuu laajaan joukkoon organisaatioita ja toimijoiden välinen yhteistyö on vasta kehittymässä. Selkeitä osaamisen kapeikkoja ja puutteita on muutamalla osaamisalueella. Viime vuosina alan kansainvälinen kilpailu on myös kiristynyt ja Suomessa tarvitaan määrätietoisia toimenpiteitä kyberturvallisuusosaamisen edelleen kehittämiseksi. Alan yhteistyötä tulee tiivistää ja esimerkiksi julkisia hankintoja hyödyntää alan osaamisen vahvistamisessa. Raportissa esitetään toimenpidesuositusten kokonaisuus joka tähtää suomalaisen kyberturvallisuusosaamisen vahvistamiseen ja nostamiseen edelläkävijämaiden tasolle.

Nokian valtakunta : raportti hulluilta vuosilta / Carl-Gustav Lindén ; suomentanut Pekka Nykänen. Helsinki : Gaudeamus, 2016.

Teollinen internet (TI) on tämän hetken tärkeimpiä murroksia niin Suomessa kuin maailmanlaajuisesti. Suomelle haetaan uutta kasvua ja kilpailukykyä teollisen internetin hyödyntämisen kautta. Valtioneuvoston kanslia (VNK) on nimennyt sen yhdeksi kärkiteemoistaan ja teettää selvitystyön teemalla "Suomalainen teollinen internet - haasteesta mahdollisuudeksi". Selvityksen toteuttaa erillinen työryhmä, joka koostuu alan tutkijoista ja asiantuntijoista VTT:stä, Aalto-yliopistosta ja ETLAsta. Selvitystyö koostuu neljästä osiosta: taustoittava kooste (tämä raportti), skenaariot ja vaikutukset, Suomen vahvuudet ja heikkoudet sekä toimenpidesuositukset. Hankkeen painotus on suomalaisessa valmistavassa teollisuudessa, mutta se leikkaa teollisuuden lisäksi myös muita keskeisiä elinkeinoelämän alueita (mm. energia, liikenne ja logistiikka, kauppa, kiinteistöt ja infrastruktuuri) sekä julkisen sektorin toimintaa. Hankkeen tuloksena syntyy perusteltu käsitys internet-talouden vaikutuksista Suomessa ja suomalaiseen teollisuuteen osana globaalia kehitystä, arvio Suomen vahvuuksista ja heikkouksista teollisen internetin mahdollisuuksien hyödyntämisessä sekä johtopäätökset ja toimenpidesuositukset julkisille toimijoille. Suositukset voivat sisältää ehdotuksia TKI-investoinneista, sääntelystä tai sen purkamisesta ja julkisiin hankintoihin liittyvistä toimista sekä koulutuksesta. Tämä taustoittava kooste sisältää teollisen internetin määritelmän, kuvaa murrosta sekä sen tuomia mahdollisuuksia sekä esittelee teollisen internetin edelläkävijöitä Suomessa ja muualla.

The key problem addressed in this paper relates to the organisation of foresight in a way that takes into account the interdependent, complex and multi-faceted operational environment of innovation systems. Our research question is how to view foresight in a way that facilitates better use of its outcomes, allows for broad participation and enhances the impacts of foresight. In order to answer this question, we propose a service model for foresight based on a systems view. The model is based on a project done for the Finnish Prime Minister's Office and consists of different ways to view foresight encapsulated in six metaphors and a conceptual process model aiming to support the design and positioning of foresight activities.

Miten tutkia tulevaisuuden keskeisten teknologioiden vaikutuksia ammatteihin ja koulutusaloihin? Teema on monimutkainen ja vaatii pari todellisuutta yksinkertaistavaan oletusta. Tämä artikkeli pohjautuu teknologioiden yhteiskunnallisia vaikutuksia vuoteen 2015 mennessä kartoittaneeseen tutkimukseen, joka toteutettiin Teknillisen korkeakoulun Lahden keskuksessa vuosina 2001–2003.

Finland, as a country with significant parts located beyond the polar circle, has some intrinsic expertise on Arctic issues and technologies. In order to really benefit from the Arctic competencies calls for long term research activities and the development of competencies. This report is an outcome of an expert process (2013-2014), which aimed at identifying the key characteristic of Arctic technology competencies and formulation of strategic options in the form of roadmaps. The roadmapping process applied in this project consisted of three phases combining various methods: (1) scoping (brainstorming workshops, construction of thematic mindmaps), (2) generation (technology surveys, interviews, patent analysis, roadmapping workshops), and (3) outputs (reporting and presentation of results). The first key result of the roadmapping process was the characterisation of Arctic competence as a three-layered structure consisting of (1) competences relating to Arctic conditions, (2) Applied technology competences needed in operations in the Arctic area, and (3) Cross-sectional technology competences covering critical enabling technologies that can be applied in different application areas. These three levels together formulate a comprehensive picture of Arctic technology. Furthermore, the key results of the roadmapping process are crystallised in four strategy paths for the Arctic regions. These are: (1) Spearhead strategy: Arctic marine technology and maritime transport - a focused strategy that emphasises traditional Finnish competences in shipbuilding and the maritime industry set in the Arctic context; (2) Flying geese approach: emerging Arctic pathways - a wider strategy that emphasises a selection of strong Arctic competences; (3) Culture of Arctic experimentation - a strategy based on experimental policies and technology approaches; and (4) Snowdrift strategy: fading Arctic business - the Arctic does not form a credible focus of activities and is forgotten or set as a subordinate perspective inside some other topic. The report provides strategic recommendations linked with the options of Finnish innovation policies and competence development. On the national level, a clear definition of Arctic expertise is necessary in order to scope the strategy and make it possible to direct R&D funding to selected key competence areas. Also, new R&D funding instruments should be developed to promote experimental development models and to guarantee long-lasting funding for R&D. Arctic element can be understood as an additional component of technology development. Therefore, it is important to coordinate the R&D funding between different strategies and research programmes to be able to identify areas where shared objectives can be found. From the theoretical-methodological perspective, it is necessary to continue methodological development combining qualitative and quantitative methods in the analysis of emerging technologies and combination of roadmapping to other, more short-term and more business-oriented analyses.

"Suomen sata uutta mahdollisuutta" -raportin pohjalta pidetty asiantuntijaesitelmä, jossa korostettiin teknologioiden yhteiskunnallisia vaikutuksia.

VTT kehitti TEKin toimeksiannosta teknologiabarometrin mittaamaan maamme teknistieteellistä tilaa. Barometrejä on julkaistu noin puolentoista vuoden välein vuodesta 2004 alkaen. Teknologiabarometri arvioi Suomen talouden ja yhteiskunnan teknillistieteelliseen osaamiseen ja kehitykseen perustuvaa suorituskykyä. Teknologiabarometrin indikaattoreihin perustuva osa vertaa Suomen kehitystä valittuihin vertailumaihin. Barometrin kyselyosa kartoittaa eri väestöryhmien arvoja, asenteita ja näkemyksiä sekä niissä tapahtuvia muutoksia.

Foresight is currently perceived as a critical activity in the development of innovation policies and corporate strategies. While there are many descriptions of the benefits of foresight, there is little research on how these benefits are created. In addition, although the view about innovations has shifted towards a systems understanding, the same has not happened in foresight, which is largely seen as a process. The process view and focus on the outcomes has created a situation where the dynamics between agents involved in foresight is still not well understood. One emerging approach to improve the understanding of the dynamics of foresight, and to embed foresight more closely with innovation management and policy, is the systems view. In this paper, we build on the systems view of foresight, and study what are the elements in foresight as a system and how they contribute to the creation of futures knowledge. Based on literature we propose six elements that are useful for understanding a foresight system: agents, cognitive schemes, strategic objects, scaffolding structures, memory objects and embodied metaphors. We illustrate the elements and their interaction with a case example focused on creating future-orientation in a research and technology organisation. Based on the elements and the case study we argue that the strategic objects and scaffolding structures are important leverage points when steering the foresight as a system.

The practice-oriented paper reflects on the results of a strategic technology roadmapping project realised in the Green Triangle region of South Australia. The project integrated different methods in order to provide policy recommendations for the renewal of the forest industry in the region. Firstly, the project created a multi-criteria assessment framework for the evaluation of the present state of local companies. Secondly, the project made three value chain depictions: one that described the present value chain based on physical, monetary and information flows, and two so-called 'potential' value chain descriptions. Thirdly, the project formulated technology roadmaps and assessed the potential for forest industry renewal. Fourthly, the project provided detailed policy recommendations based on the findings in the project. The integrated methodological approach of the project provided a robust basis for construction of policy recommendations. The company assessment grouped the local companies in four categories for comparative assessment purposes: forest owners, harvesters and hauliers, sawmills, and specialised suppliers. For the roadmap construction, the main information categories were drivers, markets, regulation, customer needs, solutions, and enabling technologies, and the specific dynamics connected to all these categories. This information was structured into three temporal spans: present, short term (ca. 3-5 years) and long term (ca. 5-10 years). There are, at least, three novel aspects of the project. Firstly, the integration of multi-criteria evaluation, value chain analysis and roadmapping creates new opportunities, but also new challenges. Secondly, the future-oriented view of the Australian forest industry is a new aspect. Thirdly, the project also had a strong regional policy perspective, especially connected with the discussions on path dependency and path creation in the regional development context. The project had both practical and managerial implications. Firstly, the company assessment identified the domains where each individual firm had weaknesses as well as where the group as a whole lagged global best practice. Secondly, the value chain analysis showed strengths and weaknesses of the present structure, but also delineated the necessary components to be developed in order to move towards higher value added production. Thirdly, the roadmaps showed the frontiers of research and business in advanced cellulose fibre-based industries, and made possible the positioning of the Green Triangle region. The project had two wider implications for policy. Firstly, the integrated methodological approach of the foresight exercise enabled the production of detailed policy recommendations that were embedded in the local industrial context. Secondly, the project open a window of opportunity to consider so-called platform policies, that is, policies that aim to develop the fragmented regional structure of the Green Triangle's forest industry towards an integrated cluster-based platform, which would enable the region to benefit from agglomeration economics through a collaborative strategy.

European spatial governance is becoming an intriguing mix of ideas from the economic, political and cultural spheres. This article asserts that, in the EU's spatial planning, the cluster is increasingly part of a hybrid spatial politics, here named the 'cluster gaze', based on the interplay of innovation-oriented political rationality and spatial governance. To study this process, the article provides an empirical investigation into selected EU documentation. The investigation is based on two perspectives. First, the cluster is analysed as a mediating instrument to stimulate and rescale transnational market developments in the EU. Second, the cluster is studied as an instrument of spatial management - one that builds on a business managerial ethos and endorses a specific hierarchical spatial imaginary and a cluster evidence base to assess the productivity and efficiency of European clusters. Both of these perspectives pave the way for a European 'politics of cluster excellence' that is about the constant sharpening of cluster practices, continuous evaluation and ranking, and the enhancement of cluster performance to rise from the 'European league' towards the 'world class'.

Esitelmässä Artikkelini käsittelee tulevaisuussuuntautuneen politiikkaperspektiivin soveltamista Euroopan Unionin aluesuunnittelussa, esimerkkinä ESPONin tuottamat skenaariot. Tarkastelen empiirisiä esimerkkejä eli käyn läpi tämän ESPONin tuottaman "Territorial Scenarios and Visions for Europe (ET2050)" -raportin keskeiset piirteet, sekä keskustelen skenaarioiden soveltamisesta osana eurooppalaisten aluesuunnittelua.

Futures research is an interdisciplinary field of study which analyses futures options and emerging issues from different angles by using different methods. It is commonly stressed that the actual object of analysis is not "the future" as such, but, instead, the aim is to open up a set of present views towards the futures, focusing on alternative futures and assessment of potentials and likelihoods of different aspects in these alternatives. Traditional methods in futures research emphasise wide participation of actors and usually aim towards consensus. However, it could also be argued that this consensus tendency is a methodological problem. This is because the results of the futures processes tend to cluster into artificial consensus positions that usually have strong biases towards existing power structures. Thus it is fairly common that the alternative futures, not to speak of deeper ideological and cultural trajectories that affect the positions, are not actually opened or their potential impacts are not understood.The paper explores the possibility of developing more culturally informed futures research approaches that could have wider analytical registers than in the traditional consensus approaches, and could also be useful in unravelling the different cultural dimensions of futures arguments. Hence, the paper discusses the connections of futures research and semiotics in the context of a method called causal layered analysis (CLA). CLA is concerned with "opening up the present and past to create alternative futures" and emphasises the "vertical dimension of futures studies, of layers of analysis" (Inayatullah 1998: 815). The layers of analysis in CLA are: (1) the litany; the banal information circulating, for example, in everyday news and media; (2) the social, economic, cultural, political and historical factors; usually interpretations given to quantitative trend data by e.g. research institutes; (3) the structure, discourse, and worldview; the "actor-invariant" cultural structures that have constitutive power in societal interaction; (4) the metaphor and myth; this level is about "deep stories, the collective archetypes, the unconscious dimensions of the problem or the paradox" (Inayatullah 1998: 820); the level is usually mediated through visual images and actuates primarily in the sphere of emotions. To flesh out the argument, the paper also presents selected examples of futures metaphors collected from various sources.

"Suomen sata uutta mahdollisuutta" -raportin pohjalta pidetty asiantuntijaesitelmä, jossa korostettiin teknologioiden vaikutuksia työelämän muutokseen.

In this project, we have introduced a vision of the future and created a roadmap for maintaining and further developing Finnish arctic expertise. Around 4 million people live in the Arctic regions and the attractiveness of the region internationally has increased significantly in recent years. Behind this interest are drivers of global change such as climate change, energy demand, oil/raw material prices, tourism, new bio-economic structures, global transport, urbanisation, world population growth and development of technologies. Arctic regions are characterised by long distances, remoteness, isolation, sparse population and difficult climate conditions, as well as cultural diversity and traditional lifestyles. however, the Arctic region has to be a world leader in productivity in order to develop competitiveness successfully. this is also a prerequisite for securing human services in the area. product development requires the utilisation of the latest technology and novel innovations. Our vision is sustainable and smart economic activity, which safeguards the long-term welfare of societies and ecosystems in the Arctic region. The roadmap developed in this project has four layers, which describe the landscape drivers, operational environment, strategic challenges and paths for the implementation of the Finnish strategy for Arctic region. The four proposed strategy paths are: Spearhead strategy: Arctic marine technology and maritime transport - a focused strategy that emphasises traditional Finnish competences in ship building and maritime industry set in the Arctic context; Flying geese approach: emerging Arctic path ways - a widened strategy emphasising selected number of strong competence fields relating to the Arctic context; Culture of Arctic experimentation - a strategy emphasising principles of experimentation in innovation policy and in the field of Arctic competences; and Snowdrift strategy: fading Arctic business - the Arctic does not form a credible focus of activities and is forgotten or set as a subordinate perspective inside some other topic. Arctic business opportunities and potential can be identified in relation to the people who are living and working in, as well as visiting the Arctic regions. Such applications as "Winternet of things", self-monitoring devices, nordlab and e-hedalth would bring new users for solutions developed by companies. the future energy business will in great part be based on smart grid dedicated, ICt-based services. the integration of bioeconomy and metallurgical industries might bring interesting opportunities to increase material and energy efficiency.

Foresight is an approach for anticipating future developments in a given topic area. Foresight both explores alternative futures and facilitates discussion on the preferable futures, often aiming to generate shared future perceptions. The shared perception emerges from the interaction between the agents. However, the dynamics through which this shared perception arises has gained little attention in the foresight literature. In this report we study the emergence of shared perceptions in what we call a foresight system. we define the notion of foresight system based on literature on foresight, complex adaptive systems and social constructionism. In this study the foresight system is studied as a subsystem embedded in a wider innovation system. For scrutinizing the construction of shared perceptions, we made an empirical analysis of the written documents generated during the production of the Finnish Government's Report on the Future. Through qualitative analysis guided by text-mining we tracked the conceptual changes documented in the different phases of this process. The concept of growth was the key analytical target. The results show that foresight system does not function as foresight literature commonly anticipates; instead of producing radically new concepts, the foresight project changed the contents of the concepts. In the analyzed material, the concept of growth firstly changed from economic growth to sustainable growth, and, secondly, economic growth was reframed as sustainable growth by decoupling it from material growth. The results imply that intensive interaction during the foresight process supports the reframing. The systems view contributes to the theory and practice of foresight by providing a frame for understanding the interactions between agents involved in a foresight system.

The presentation started with visiting the foresight approaches in Innovation Radar. Then presentation discussed foresight knowledge types and their activation. In the third part, the presentation discussed foresight context, process design and linking methods. In the part, we gave some examples of integrative approaches in foresight and, finally, suggested how to Innovation Radar could utilise strategic foresight perspectives.

In the presentation, I conceptualised foresight as strategic intelligence. I provided four examples on strategic perspectives in foresight: 1) futures knowledge: temporal continuum and imaginaries; 2) strategic roadmapping; 3) foresight and organisational knowledge, and 4) foresight and socio-technical transition. After this I made brief conclusions.

Tässä selvityksessä kuvataan sata radikaalia teknologista ratkaisua ja arvioidaan niiden merkitys erityisesti Suomelle. Niiden yhteinen vaikutus Suomen ja maailman toimintatapoihin voi jo vuoteen 2030 mennessä olla suurempi kuin internetin ja älypuhelinten vaikutus nykymaailmaan. Arviointi perustuu laaja-alaisiin kriteereihin. Uuden tiedon valossa vielä eilen epäuskottavalta vaikuttanut teknologia voi jo huomenna olla erittäin lupaava. Uusien mahdollisuuksien arvioinnin pitää siksi olla systemaattista ja avointa.