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X-ray magnetic circular dichroism analysis at the L and K edges reveals that the universal phenomenon of dichroic contribution to extended X-ray absorption fine structure and X-ray absorption near-edge structure correlates to the local magnetic structures of 4f and 3d elements. Systematic studies help understand the association of dichroic contribution in extended X-ray absorption fine structure with spin densities and magnetic moments of neighboring atoms. Band- and atomic structure pictures are reliable in elucidating the circular dichroism in the fine structure.

A fully relativistic theory for the magnetic extended x-ray absorption fine structure (MEXAFS) is presented, on the basis of relativistic multiple scattering, using the Dirac equation for spin-polarized magnetic solids. It is seen that the MEXAFS spectra may be interpreted on the basis of the sum rules in a way that its analogous to the case of near-edge x-ray magnetic circular dichroism.

The spin-dependent extended x-ray absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) has been measured at the L(sub2,3) edges of Eu in Eu(sub3)Fe(sub5)O(sub12) and EuO and at the K edge of CrO(sub2). The nearly nonmagnetic oxygen atoms influence the magnetic EXAFS depending on local cystal symmetry and the direction of the magnetic moments of adjacent atoms.

Presents a fully relativistic theoretical description of the magnetic extended x-ray absorption fine structure (MEXAFS). Discussion on the application of EXAFS in circularly polarized radiation; Experimental procedures used to present this theoretical description of MEXAFS.

Ketamine-assisted psychotherapy is a promising new treatment for a variety of mental disorders of adolescence. There is currently an adolescent mental health crisis, with a high prevalence of disorders, diagnostic complexity, and many adolescents failing to respond to conventional treatments. While there is strong evidence for the use of ketamine in adults for a variety of treatment-refractory mental illnesses, research in adolescents is in its early stages. Ketamine-assisted psychotherapy (KAP) has been described in adults with promising results and here we present the first published cases of the use of KAP in adolescents. The four cases include adolescents aged 14-19 at the initiation of treatment, each with a variety of comorbid diagnoses including treatment-resistant depression, bipolar disorder, eating disorders, anxiety, panic, and trauma-related symptoms. They each initially received sublingual ketamine, followed by sessions with intramuscular ketamine. Their courses varied, but each had symptomatic and functional improvements, and the treatment was well-tolerated. Subjective patient reports are included. Rapid resolution of symptomatology and suffering often occurs within months as the result of the application of KAP to adolescent psychiatric care but is not inevitable. Family involvement in the treatment process appears to be essential to success. The development of this modality may have a singularly positive impact that will expand the psychiatric toolbox and its healing potency., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Wolfson, Andries, Ahlers and Whippo.)

The February 2010 earthquake and tsunamis destroyed 80% of the coastal town of Dichato, Chile, displacing over 400 families for nearly 4 years. The coalition Recupera Chile (RC) participated in the town's integrated recovery process from January 2011 to the present with a focus on children's mental health. The multidisciplinary RC coalition emphasized community-led post-disaster recovery, economic capacity rebuilding, and community health promotion (www.recuperachile.org). RC's child health team fostered partnerships between the local elementary school, health clinic, Universidad de Concepcion, and Boston Children's Hospital. The team responded to priorities identified by the town with a three-pronged approach of (1) case management, (2) resource development, and (3) monitoring and evaluation. This work resulted in the development of a model school-based program: La Escuela Basada en Realidad, which encompassed (1) health and mental health, (2) language and literacy, and (3) love of the sea. Post-disaster programs targeting mental health require a multi-year approach that extends beyond the completion of the physical reconstruction. Recovery is an organic process that cannot be prescripted and depends on solutions that emerge from the community. Finally, partnerships between schools and universities can foster resiliency and sustainability of programs for children and families. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:633-636).

In case of concurrent acute thelitis and severe mastitis, an immediate surgery of the stenosis ("emergency splitting") might be justified in order to improve milkability as a prerequisite for the removal of pathological milk secretion and therapy, successful mastitis therapy. The aim of this study was to compare the milkability and the clinical cure rate of mastitis between Group A (n = 19, cows with stenosis, thelitis and mastitis) and Group B (n = 19, cows with stenosis, with or without clinical mastitis, but without acute thelitis) following surgery of the papillary duct using a cutting instrument (Danish cannula model with a double cutting edge). In most cases, milkability was restored at the end of the treatment in both groups (Group A: 89.5%; Group B: 100%). In this time period nine of 19 quarters with mastitis in Group A were clinically cured (47%). Six month after the surgery, the animal owners considered the milkability as very good in 70% and 72% of the cases in Group A and Group B, respectively. However, "emergency splitting" led to a more intensive and longer postsurgical treatment. The average duration of total treatment (day of surgery plus 6 days of obligate postsurgical treatment plus additional treatment days) was 7.4 and 6.7 days in Group A and Group B, respectively. Furthermore, the higher expenditure was due to the more costly mastitis therapy. During the six month following surgery, only one cow of Group A had to be culled due to persistent mastitis and two cows because of insufficient milkability.

Three cases of cows with a severe generalized peritonitis due to a perforated uterus following irrigation in puerperal disorder are described. Based on these events the legal aspects of the bovine uterus' irrigation during puerperium are discussed.