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In Additive manufacturing techniques, the prominent method is Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), where the material is heated, injected and deposited layer by layer through the nozzle. The main objective of this project is to test and characterize the behavior of 3D printed polymer ABS and to investigate on the process parameters of FDM. To observe hardness, production time of 3D printed ABS polymer, and to analyze the parameters using Taguchi and ANOVA techniques. The Taguchi analysis for hardness test reveals that the density is directly proportional to hardness and layer height doesn't affect the hardness much. The Taguchi analysis for production time infers that production time is inversely proportional to layer height and velocity while density is directly proportional to production time. In this taguchi technique 9 experiments were conducted and to test for hardness trial1, trial2, trial3 are done with maintaining dwell time of 10 seconds of each trial. From ANOVA results for hardness test, Density contributes (72.47%) is far higher than the other two parameters. The production time is more dependent on the Velocity since its contribution percentage is 53.25%. The component which has a high density (100%) and lower layer height (0.1mm) has the greatest hardness of 14.48 HV. The component which has greater layer height (0.3mm) and the higher velocity (30mm/s) takes very less production time of 14 minutes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The better surface can be obtained by using the optimal cutting parameters for machining of ductile materials. These parameters also help to reduce machining cost, setting time, material wastage etc. This paper aims to vary the feed, speed, and depth of cut of the brass material in the CNC turning machine. The surface roughness is measured for the varied input parameters. The optimization is done using Taguchi method. The experimental results were used for the Minitab software calculations to calculate the S/N ratio, analysis of variance. The optimised results found that the effect of speed plays an important role in the turning operation to obtain the better surface finish. The optimized better surface finish obtained from the experimental analysis with the combinations of 800rpm speed, 10mm/min feed, and 0.2mm depth of cut in the CNC turning operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the process parameters of friction stir welded dissimilar joints of aluminium alloys were analysed. The experimental investigations are carried out by the various researchers are evaluated and tabulated. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a solid-state metal joining process. Solid state metal joining means, the metal is not melted during the welding process and also original metal characteristics remain unchanged. Selection of material with specific properties is the key parameter in many industrial applications, especially in the aircraft and automotive industries. However, processing of such alloys with specific properties, like high strength, suffer from certain limitations in terms of cost and time of production, apart from the reduction in ductility. High strength accompanied by high ductility is possible with materials having fine and homogenous grain structures. Hence there arises a necessity to develop a processing technique that would produce a material with small grain size that satisfies the requirements of strength and ductility as well as the cost and time of production. FSP expands the innovation of friction stir welding (FSW) developed by The Welding Institute (TWI) of United Kingdom in 1991 to develop local and surface properties at selected locations. FSP is a new and unique thermo mechanical processing technique that alters the microstructural and mechanical properties of the material in a single pass to achieve maximum performance with low production cost in less time. In the present work, FSP is investigated as a potential processing technique for aluminum alloys because of various advantages it offers over other processes as mentioned above. This FSW process mostly implemented on aluminium alloys. FSW of dissimilar alloys are controlled by various process parameters, in this paper, the effect of FSW tool geometry is analyzed and tabulated. From this brief discussion, we can improve the quality of FSW process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetically Impelled Arc Butt (MIAB) welding is a state-of-the-art method that can replace conventional welding. Welding in a furnace with this method involves rapidly spinning a spark to produce uniform burning at the joint. An external magnetic field rotates the arc. The MIAB apparatus is sturdy and relatively simple in design, requiring modest upset pressure as compared to technique such as friction welding. This process has internal flash is low, weld times are shorter, metal loss is less, heating is consistent, and machine maintenance is less. The current used for MIAB ranges from 500A to 1500A depending on the tubes. MIAB has been successfully welded at wall thicknesses ranging from 0.6mm to 10mm and cross sections upto 2000mm2. The MIAB welding apparatus firmly clamps the parts together with a tiny space between their extremities. The first step in this procedure is the formation of a DC circuit between the terminals of the individual components. The extremities of the components are heated to high temperatures as a result of this arc's rapid circumnavigation of the joint, induced by a steady radial magnetic field. The components are brought together in the second stage under a predetermined forging pressure. The meatal tubes are held in place by the fixture. The MIAB welding process parameters, experimental conditions, and analysis are reported in this review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the Fused Filament Fabrication printing process was investigated using acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) for optimization of key factors. This study included three parameters namely nozzle temperature, infill percentage, and fan speed, as input, while the surface roughness of the samples was considered as a response variable. The experiment was carried out in Prusa I3 MK2. The measurement of the surface roughness was done on the flat surfaces of the specimens. The ranges were recommended by the manufacturer for finding optimal parameters, the response surface method (RSM) was used in this study. The experiment design is done by using RSM. The results indicate that the infill percentage and interaction between the nozzle temperature and fan speed have a significant effect on surface roughness. The mathematical model created was validated and it has an error percentage of less than 5% which is significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This project aims to fabricate an in-situ composite shaft composed of aluminum and zirconium dibromide. Composites with volume portions of 3:5, 7:5, and 7:9 will be tested for toughness and wear characteristics. The ZrB2 particles that formed eventually coalesced into the tiniest of aluminum matrix granules. The majority of the ZrB2 particles were located close to the grain boundaries. In-situ ZrB2 particles enhanced microhardness and ultimate tensile strength. Various ways of reinforcement were identified. The use of in-situ liquid reaction to create aluminum matrix composites is a novel approach to eliminating flaws in ex-situ reinforced metal matrix composites. The most common approach is the creation of composites via in-situ bromide salt liquid metallurgy. Using Al-3%, 5%, and 7%Zr master alloys in Al6063 alloy, in-situ composites of Al6063-ZrB2 were fabricated for this research. Studies have been conducted on the microstructure and tensile properties of in-situ reinforced ZrB2 in Al6063 alloy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For human being travelling has become vital. To sustain in this fast forward world, we must travel from place to place. Compared to fuel-based vehicles Electric vehicles are efficient to use and it is economical and Eco friendly too. The aim of the project is to design and fabricate the frame for electric motorcycle. The frame comes under Cafe Racer segment. The frame must sustain for the point load and the surface load acting on it. The frame must be designed in a way such that the frame can accommodate the major driving mechanisms of the motorcycle. In this work numerical analysis is carried out using Ansys FEA software to determine the failure of the frame. The material selected for this work is mild steel. The final design is selected based on the factor of safety (FOS), stress and strain value. As the obtained values satisfies the requirement, the frame has been moved on to the fabrication process with respect to the designed CAD Modelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micro machining is considered as significant technique to fulfill the requirement of the manufacturing sector in terms of achieving the desired function along with reduction in size. The development of micromachining techniques are demanded by various applications such as fuel injector nozzle, wrist watch components, MEMS. Optoelectronic products, biochips, printed circuit boards, nuclear reactor components, micro tools and dies, microfluidic channels and implants, etc.,. In this experimental study, an effort was taken to produce the micro drills on 200 microns thick Inconel 718 super alloy. For drilling different holes, the feed rate of the process was varied in three different levels and two different electrolytes such as Sodium Nitrate (NaNO3) and Sodium Bromide (NaBr) was used. The drilled specimens were tested for its rate of material removal and surface finish. The test results revealed that increasing the feed rate increases the material removal rate. Sodium bromide had resulted better material removal rate than sodium nitrate. Because of the stray corrosion while using NaNO3 for machining Inconel 718, the surface roughness was more than the components used Sodium bromide as electrolyte. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Running a business is always a challenge since it has more fluctuations to face in changing scenarios. Whatever be the situation, it is must to understand that to run a business successfully, customer satisfaction is the most necessary goal to achieve. Even though the goal of every business is to satisfy their customers, the steps taken to achieve that goal varies for every sector. The factors to be considered, the dependency level of each process, unexpected changes in the process etc affects the success of the business. This study is aimed to finalise the vital success factors to improve the dexterity level of textile sectors, using two MCDM methods Interpretive Structuring Modelling (ISM) and Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL). This entire process was done through literature survey where, all the key factors mentioned were taken for MCDM and then final critical success factors were identified, which can be implemented for future works in agility improvement in textile sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The manufacturing sector has found that applying lean thinking is beneficial in several ways. An analysis of the literature led to the identification of the performance measures. This work evaluates and quantifies the barriers to lean. The performance measurements are conceptually and technically tied to the lean barriers. The lean barriers were assessed using TOPSIS method. Based on the TOPSIS method calculation and relative closeness value the important barriers that drive the successful lean implementation are categorized. The most important barrier in implementation of lean manufacturing is financial status of the organization value is 0.00858. The least important category of the barrier is layout method and varieties of products are ranked by TOPSIS method. The relative closeness value for organizational culture skills, management support and trade holder's communication is 0.00787. Another closeness value is promoting product and their uses, cooperation from suppliers, management skills is 0.00715, 0.00643, 0.00572. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this project is to create biodegradable plastics for single-use and experiment with the different methodologies of production of biodegradable plastic and investigate its different properties of it. Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) estimated the average plastic waste in India is around 6.92 percent of municipal solid waste. It is also estimated that by 2050, plastics could already be responsible for 15 percent of global carbon dioxide emissions. However, the main objective is to provide the methodologies to produce biodegradable plastics by using renewable biomass resources which will reduce the effects of plastic wastes in the environment. The project deals with various factors in the production of biodegradable plastics with a detailed survey on these factors. We hope to find an alternative to replace conventional petroleum-based plastics with biodegradable plastics which will be less harmful to the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research to produce and describe composites consisting of Al, SiC, Al2O3, and ZrO2. In order to accomplish this goal, the matrix of aluminum (Al) was fortified with micron-sized powders of silicon carbide (SiC), zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) in two different proportions: I Al90 %-5 %SiC – 2.5 % Al2O3 −2.5 % ZrO2 and (ii) Al 92.5 %-2.5 % SiC – 2.5 % Al2O3− 2.5 percent ZrO2. During the process of casting, the powder after being combined was poured. An examination of the material's microstructure confirmed the presence of reinforcements and their even distribution throughout the Al matrix. There was no evidence of severe agglomeration. It was noticed that the mechanical properties of cast composites, including tensile strength, compression resistance, and hardness were improved along with an increase in the concentration of silicon carbide particles inside the matrix. When contrasted with the cast composition, it was discovered that the optimal composition consists of 90% aluminum, 5 % silicon carbide, 2.5% aluminum oxide, and 2.5 % zirconium dioxide. Additionally, the composition may be appropriate for the production of Automotive applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]