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Practicum serves as the main support for organic chemistry learning, enhancing both conceptual comperand strengthening students' practical skills through learning experiences. The purpose of this study is to analyze students' learning experiences and the effectiveness of project-based learning (PjBL) in organic chemistry practicum on chalcone synthesis experiment. This study used a mixed method that included both quantitative and qualitative data. The study's findings indicate that project-based learning significantly improves student learning outcomes, as evidenced by an N-Gain of 0.92 and a presentase of 91.97%, as well as an effect size that indicates a significant impact of project-based learning on student learning outcomes. Qualitative data from student surveys also indicated that PjBL not only improved understanding and practical skills, but also added fun to the learning process. This research confirms the importance of innovation in teaching methods to improve student engagement and learning outcomes.

This research focuses on identifying the authenticity of signatures, which is an important part of the field of biometrics. Identification of signature authenticity has wide applications, including in document security, financial transactions, and identity verification in general. The problem to be resolved is the lack of an effective and efficient method for identifying signature authenticity. The method used is the binary extraction method and the K-nearest Neighbor feature. The main contribution of this research is to propose a new approach in identifying signature authenticity by combining binary extraction methods and K-nearest Neighbor features. This approach is expected to increase the accuracy and efficiency of the signature authenticity identification process. The results of this research are the development of a new model or algorithm for identifying the authenticity of signatures. After testing and validation, the accuracy level of the results of identifying the authenticity of this signature is 75%.

Pyrazoline is an alkaloid compound which has various biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor and anticancer. The compound N-carbotioamide-3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)pyrazoline was successfully synthesized from the basic ingredients 2',4'-dichloro-4-hydroxy-3-methoxychalcone and thiosemicarbazide with sodium hydroxide catalyst at 80°C for 7 hours. The synthesized compound was characterized using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and mass spectroscopy and had a yield of 28.03%. Based on the results of toxicity tests using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method, this compound has an LC50 value of 44.6 ppm and has the potential to be an antimicrobial compound.

The primary issue in type II diabetes mellitus is the body's inadequate reaction to insulin (insulin resistance), resulting in the inability of glucose to enter the cells. Preserving mental well-being, particularly by preventing anxiety, is a method that can be employed to address insulin resistance in individuals with diabetes. The objective of this study was to establish the correlation between anxiety levels and blood glucose levels in individuals diagnosed with Type II diabetes mellitus. The research employed a quantitative correlation methodology with a cross-sectional approach. The study consisted of a sample size of 40 respondents, and the sampling method employed was non-probability sampling using purposive sampling. The findings indicated that a significant proportion of participants, specifically 33 individuals (82.5%), reported experiencing mild anxiety and had elevated blood glucose levels. The Spearman's Rho correlation test yielded a statistically significant result (p-value = 0.017,

Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate (CSH) with uniform morphology and high crystallinity were successfully prepared by a precipitation-hydrolysis method in a concentrated sulfuric acid solution containing fishbone-derived carbon. The CSH was produced by carbonization of fishbone powder at 500 °C for 2 h, followed by sulfonation with concentrated sulfuric acid for 3 h. The solid mixture was washed until the pH of 2, then left at room temperature for 3 days. Physical properties of synthesized CSH were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm, and melting point test. It is concluded that the CSH were formed due to hydrolysis of fishbone-derived carbon in a moderately concentrated sulfuric acid solution of carbon-derived fishbone and crystallization into a fibrous octa calcium phosphate (OCP) form. In this research, effect of crystal growth time, effect of pH during the crystal growth, and effect of volume of the solution were also investigated. Copyright © 2023 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

The strategy to increase rice production is crucial to maintain food availability. The agricultural land expansion program in Central Kalimantan through the food estate program is considered an inappropriate solution considering social, environmental, and land conditions. The agricultural intensification method in Central Kalimantan is the answer to increasing the productivity of existing agricultural businesses by increasing production efficiency. This research aims to analyze the technical efficiency of lowland rice farming and the factors that influence it in Central Kalimantan province. This research used secondary data from the 2014 Rice Plantation Household Survey from the Central Statistics Agency. The data was analyzed using the stochastic frontier production function with Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE). The research results show that rice farming in Central Kalimantan is technically inefficient. Factors influencing the technical efficiency of rice farming are farmer age, land type, planting system, agricultural facilities, extension, farmer groups, and SLPTT participation. The low level of technical efficiency of rice farming in Central Kalimantan is an indicator that must be utilized to increase rice production so that food availability can be well-maintained.

Heart disease is the main cause of death which can be diagnosed using an electrocardiogram. This study aims to classify heart defects using the Fuzzy C Means technique. The advantage of using Fuzzy C Means is that it is unsupervised and can reach a convergent cluster center under certain conditions. It is a clustering model that has the value of the objective function, number of iterations and completed time. In an unsupervised learning, the focus is more on exploring data such as looking for patterns in the data. Clustering itself aims to identify patterns of similar data to be grouped. It can be a solution to overcome the process of determining the risk of heart disease. The results showed that there were 10 data grouped into cluster 1 and 10 data into cluster 2. The first group (Cluster 1) consisted of patients with serial numbers 3,5,8,9,11,12,16,17,19,20, while the second group (Cluster 2) consisted of patients with serial numbers 1,2,4,6,7,10,13,14,15 and 18. Accuracy testing results in a success rate of 60%.

Tujuan: untuk mengetahui prevalensi dan karakteristik responden breakthrough infection pasca vaksinasi dosis 2 Sinovac. Metode: penelitian deskriptif observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional, pengambilan data dilakukan menggunakan metode consecutive sampling dengan besar sampel adalah 120 orang. Hasil: menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 11 orang (9,2%) tenaga kesehatan di RSUD Arifin Achmad Provinsi Riau terkonfirmasi mengalami breakthrough infection. Mayoritas subjek penelitian yang mengalami breakthrough infection adalah laki-laki (63,6%), pada kelompok usia 40-49 tahun (36,4%), berprofesi sebagai dokter (40%), kelompok obesitas (81,8%), tanpa penyakit komorbid (54,5%), mempunyai riwayat kontak erat (63,6%), dan belum pernah terinfeksi COVID-19 sebelum vaksinasi (90,9%). Sebagian besar kasus merupakan kasus asimtomatis/tanpa gejala sebanyak 6 orang (54,5%), dan terdapat 5 orang (45,5%) yang memiliki gejala yaitu pada 3 orang (27,3%) dengan gejala sedang, dan pada 2 orang (18,2%) dengan gejala ringan. Kesimpulan: kejadian breakthrough infection pasca vaksinasi Sinovac dosis dua pada tenaga kesehatan di RSUD Arifin Achmad Provinsi Riau tidak ditemukan adanya kasus dengan gejala berat.

Introduction: Challenges in identifying small testicular arteries and lack of microscopic experience have led to a rising trend in the use of laparoscopic technique for pediatric and adolescent varicocele. The controversy over artery ligation (AL) and artery preservation (AP) during laparoscopic varicocelectomy (LV) is still debatable. This study investigates the effectiveness of AL and AP during LV in pediatric and adolescent varicocele cases. Methods: The systematic searches based on PRISMA guideline were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science and ProQuest databases with pre-defined keywords. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed to assess catch-up growth, persistence, recurrence, hydrocele, operative time, post-operative testicular volume, and sperm analysis. Results: A total of 1512 patients from 9 eligible studies were included. There were no significant differences in catch up growth (OR 0.89; 95%CI 0.53, 1.51; p = 0.68) or hydrocele incidence (OR 0.59; 95%CI 0.28, 1.24; p = 0.16). The recurrence rate and persistence rate in AP group is significantly higher compared to AL group (OR 2.95; 95%CI 1.53, 5.68; p = 0.001 and OR 5.13; 95% CI 2.04, 12.88; p = 0.0005, respectively). The mean operative time during laparoscopic varicocelectomy is significantly longer when arteries are preserved as opposed to when they are ligated (OR 5.33; 95%CI 2.05, 8.60; p = 0.001). AL and AP both improved testicular volume and post-operative sperm analysis. Conclusions: AL showed higher efficacy and comparable safety to AP. We recommend using AL with lymphatic sparing to minimize hydrocele complications.

ABSTRAK Dalam sistem sumber daya hibrida, strategi manajemen energi (EMS) pada dasarnya hanya mengatur pembagian daya tanpa mempertimbangkan optimalisasi kinerja sistem. Oleh karena itu pada penelitian ini dirancang EMS berbasis optimasi pada kereta hibrida dengan sumber daya fuel cell (FC), baterai dan superkapasitor dengan metode External Energy Maximization Strategy (EEMS). Strategi ini dirancang untuk memaksimalkan energi yang disuplai oleh baterai dan superkapasitor melalui state of charge (SOC) baterai dan tegangan DC bus sehingga dapat meminimalisasi konsumsi hidrogen dan meningkatkan efisiensi keseluruhan sistem. Hasil simulasi memperlihatkan bahwa strategi ini mampu memaksimalkan kinerja baterai dan superkapasitor. Efisiensi sistem berhasil ditingkatkan menjadi 86,37% dan konsumsi hidrogen berhasil dikurangi 10% dari strategi pembandingnya. State of charge (SOC) baterai juga mampu dipertahankan untuk tetap dalam rentang batas yang telah ditentukan. Kata kunci: EMS, kereta hibrida, fuel cell, baterai, superkapasitor, optimasi  ABSTRACT The energy management strategy (EMS) in a hybrid system essentially only regulates power sharing without considering system performance optimization. This study developed an EMS based on the optimization of hybrid train with fuel cell (FC), battery, and supercapacitor power sources using the External Energy Maximization Strategy (EEMS). This strategy is intended to maximize the energy supplied by battery and supercapacitor through the SOC of the battery and DC bus voltage, thereby reducing hydrogen consumption and increasing overall system efficiency. The simulation results show that this strategy can maximize battery and supercapacitor. The system efficiency was successfully increased to 86.37%, and the hydrogen consumption was reduced by 10% when compared to the comparison strategy. The SOC of the battery can also be kept within a certain range. Keywords: EMS, hybrid train, fuel cell, battery, supercapasitor, optimization

Juveniles are also involved in behaviors that violate the law, such as in cases of sexual violence. This study aims to describe the experiences of mothers whose children are perpetrators of sexual violence. The study used a qualitative phenomenological method. Five mothers of a sexual offender charged by the juvenile court participated in this study. They were interviewed about their parenting experiences using in-depth interviews. The data were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Thirteen subordinate themes were found and grouped into three superordinate themes, including (1) feeling like a mother, (2) role of mothers, (3) maternal sense of competence. The mothers of juvenile sexual offenders perceived that they had failed as parents and that parenting competence was lacking. They considered peer influence and uninvolved partners in parenting practice as the source of difficulties in managing their child’s problematic behavior.

This study aims to describe the validity of 21st century skills-based stereochemistry learning tools to train students' argumentation skills. This research is an educational design research with reference to the design of the Wademan development research model. The research instrument used was a learning tools validation sheet consisting of several validation sheets, namely: syllabus validation sheet, lesson plan validation sheet, teaching material validation sheet, student worksheet validation sheet, and argumentation skills assessment instrument validation sheet. The research data obtained from the validation and review sheets were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The expert's assessment of validation for each aspect of the assessment has good and very good validity criteria. These results indicate that learning tools that integrate the nature and complexity of the stereochemical structure of natural compounds from tropical rain forests can be used in the stereochemistry learning process.

Uncaria is a genus of plants that are widely distributed in the tropics. There are about 5 of the 38 species of this genus growing in the tropical rain forests of East Borneo, Indonesia. For a long time, Uncaria is commonly used as a traditional medicine to treat various diseases by the Dayak tribe in Kalimantan, traditional people believe that Uncaria may be cured cancer, tumors, mioms, and cycts. Based on previous studies, the activity of the genus Uncaria has been widely reported such as cytotoxic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and thrombolytic activities. This article aims to summarize the potential of the Uncaria genus, focusing on 5 species from East Borneo, namely Uncaria nervosa, Uncaria longiflora, Uncaria gambir, Uncaria tomentosa and Uncaria cordata. The method used in this article is a literature study by collecting previous research articles related to the Uncaria genus. The results of the literature study show that the Uncaria genus in East Borneo has many secondary metabolites with diverse chemical structures that show good biological potential so that they can be used as broad and promising insights for drug discovery and development. This paper is also expected to provide input for the policy of conservation of medicinal plants in the forests of East Borneo.

Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) is known as strong evidence-based therapy used in handling various psychological complaints experienced by individuals. In addition, expressive writing is also known as an effective approach given to individuals who experience painful events and cause severe distress. One significant life event that can cause distress is the death of the closest person, known as grieving. Grieving becomes a nuisance when it causes an intense and prolonged sadness and manifested in daily functioning problems of the individual. This is known as persistent complex bereavement disorder (PCBD). This single case study study aimed to explain the use of CBT integrated with expressive writing in dealing with PCBD during five meeting sessions. Through intervention CBT and expressive writing, R, who was initially confused why she always feels sad for no reason, had no interest in activity, and felt lost her direction toward life, began to be able to identify and regulate her emotions, could return to engage to her daily activities, and foster interest in finding work again. In addition, R began to have an insight that she needed to regulate grieving which she had been avoiding. Keywords: CBT, Expressive Writing, Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder

As technology advances and becomes more sophisticated, consumer behavior patterns shift. The presence of such events stimulates diverse corporate industries to compete to develop innovation. Businesses in the field of financial technology also use it (Fintech). DANA is a mobile payment application that supports ATM cards for online purchases. Although DANA is a new program, it is capable of adapting fast to attract users. DANA has proven to be the third most popular app in Indonesia, with the most users and the most downloads. The goal of this research is to analyze the influence of customer behavior and product quality on the selection to use DANA as a mobile payment application. This type of research is quantitative by using descriptive data analysis techniques that use multiple linear hypothesis models with a total of 400 research samples. The results obtained from this study that consumer behavior and quality product have a significant and positive effect on partial (individual) decision making. As the results of simultaneous testing (collectively) on consumer behavior and product quality to consumer decision making in choosing DANA as a mobile payment application has a significant effect and the results are accepted.

Chalcone is an intermediate compound as the main precursor for the biosynthesis of flavonoid in plants. Chalcone has been known to have variety of different pharmacological activities. The difference in chalcone activity is influenced by the differences of subtituents found in both aromatic rings on the chalcone stucture. This study performed the synthesis of 2',4'-dichloro-4-hydroxy-3-methoxychalcone compound from the raw material of 2,4-dichloro acetophenone and vanillin by Claisen-Schmidt reaction using conventional method by stirring. The yield of synthesized compound is 91.57% of purity. The synthesized compounds were characterized by structural elucidation methods using IR, MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. Toxicity and antioxidant activity tests were performed on the synthesized compound. Base on the test results obtained LC50 value of 20.04 ppm and IC50 26.10 ppm. It is better to describe the pharmaceutical potential of 2',4'-dichloro-4-hydroxy-3-methoxychalcone little bit further.

Ficus variegata Blume is specific plant of east Kalimantan. Flavonoid compound of Ficus variegata Blume was isolated by vacuum liquid and column chromatography, with previously extracted by maceration method using n-hexane and methanol, and fractination using ethyl acetate solvent. Eluent used in isolation were n-hexane:ethyl acetate (8:2). The results of elucidation structure by using spectroscopy methods (GC-MS, NMR, and FTIR) was obtained 5-Hidroxy-2-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-8,8-dymethyl-8H-pyrano[2,3-f] chromen-4-one. This compound has an antibacterial and antioxidant activities.

Chalcone has been widely reported to have various activities such as cytotoxic, antioxidant, antibacterial, and others. Synthesis becames the right way to get chalcone because it can produce much yield of chalcone and can be varied in accordance with the desired structure. The compound of 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propenone was synthesized by conventional method for 6 hours using a 40% NaOH catalyst with a yield of 90.87%. The toxicity test of 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propanone was done by Brine Shrimp Lethality Test method (BSLT). The results of the test showed that the 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3- (3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propenone has toxicity value LC50 613.05 ppm.

Two fatty acid derivatives, 2-octenoic acid and 2-hexenoic acid were isolated from the extract of n-hexane of the Piper betle L. Var. Nigra (Piperaceae). The chemical structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic evidence and compared to previously reported spectra. These isolated compounds appear for the first time in the plant.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the Effect of the Business Environment on Start-up in Indonesia. This study specifically examines the effect of Gross Regional Domestic Product, Per Capita Expenditure, Unemployment Rate, Total Population, Computer Users and Individual Internet Users which are used as business environment indicators on the existence of startup businesses in 17 Indonesian Provinces during the 2013-2018 period using panel data regression analysis tools to prove that GRDP, Total Population, Computer Users and Internet Users have a positive and significant effect on the existence of start-up businesses in Indonesia. Meanwhile, expenditure per capita and the unemployment rate have a negative effect on the existence of start-up businesses in Indonesia

Chalcone compound is one of the secondary metabolite compounds found in nature with a wide range of biological activities due to antioxidants, anticancer, antiinflammatory, cytosoxic, antiviral and antibacterial. The antibacterial mechanism of a 4-acetyl derived chalcone derived strain against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli was followed by the docking method. The 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl compound 3-(3--hydroxyphenyl)-1-(pyridine-4-il)-prop-2-en-1-one, 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-(pyridine-4-yl)-prop-2-en-1-in indicating good antibacterial activity by binding to complex amino acids in bacteria Bacillus subtilis on Arg A389, Asp A164, Ser A299, Tyr A149, REZ C500, Asn A301, and Asn A397, whereas in Escherichia coli bacteria on Leu 140 and Gln 170.

This study aims to examine the pattern of microplastic waste movement of Pacific Garbage Patch (PGP) that has the potential to enter the north of Indonesia sea. This study very important because microplastic affected the regional tourism activities, water pollution, and economics of fisherman and local society. The impact is very widerange to local and national economics. The method used is a simulation and descriptive analysis. The simulation method used is hydrodynamic simulation and trajectory of particles conducted for 365 days in 2016. The study areas in this study include eastern Indonesia, the Philippines, and the Pacific Ocean. The data used are wind, tidal, bathymetry, microplastic weight, and microplastic flux. The simulation results show the movement of microplastic at point source 1 tends to the northeast with a clockwise circular motion. The simulation results at source point 2 indicate that the microplastic movement tends to revolve around the source point in a clockwise circular motion. The result of simulation of source point 3 shows that the microplastic movement tends to the north with the circular motion and left-right movement. The displacement of microplastic particles within a year is only 0.11 - 8.94 km from the source point. This study showed that within a year, microplastic waste from PGP does not have the potential to enter the waters of Indonesia.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the AIR (Auditory, Intellectualy Reppetition) model combined video media on the interest in learning of Banguntapan 2 High School students. This type of research is quantitative descriptive research and research desaign using the design group control pretest-posttest. The method used is a quasi-experimental method, the data collection technique used is a non-test technique (questionnaire). The result of the study based on the learning interest questionnaire given to students showed that the AIR model combined video media is effective to increase students’ interest in learning, was based on the result of data analysis which showed that there were significant differences between students given learning with conventional models and students given learning with the AIR model combined video media. Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektivitas model AIR (Auditory Intellectualy Repetition) dipadu media video terhadap minat belajar siswa SMA N 2 Banguntapan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dan desain penelitian menggunakan pretest-posttest control grup design. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen semu (quasi eksperimen), teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik non tes (angket). Hasil penelitian berdasarkan angket minat belajar yang diberikan kepada siswa menunjukkan bahwa model AIR dipadu media video efektif untuk meningkatkan minat belajar siswa, hal tersebut didasari oleh hasil analisis data yang menunjukan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara siswa yang diberikan pembelajaran dengan model konvensional dan siswa yang diberikan pembelajaran dengan model AIR dipadu media video.

Piper betle var. nigra is a tropical plant closely related to the common piper. P. betle has also been dubbed a promising source of natural antioxidants in herbal health products, antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, cytotoxic activity against the cancer cell lines K562 and HL-60, and antileishmanial. The aim of this study to observation Antimicrobial activity and isolation of chemical compound. The antimicrobial activity of P. betle extract was performed by well diffusion method against two oral pathogenic bacteria (Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis) and opportunistic pathogenic yeast (Candida albicans). The inoculum (bacterial and yeast suspension) was prepared from a 24-h culture on NB for bacterial suspension and on TSB for yeast suspension. Extraction and isolation using various method of chromatography. Isolated compounds were characterized by spectroscopic means. Our study showed antimicrobial activity from crude ethanol extract of leaves P. betle L. var. nigra against two oral pathogenic bacteria and opportunistic pathogenic yeast with concentration 0.5% and 1%. The first report of two new amides derivatives, piperenamide A (1) and piperenamide B (2) in P. betle L. var. nigra.

Pyrazoline is a five-ring heterocyclic compound having 3 carbon atoms and 2 nitrogen atoms known to have some biological activity. This study aims to synthesize 3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) pyrazoline using 2’,4’-dichloro-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy chalcone and hydrazine. Synthesis was performed by reflux method at 80oC for 7 hours. The synthesis compounds were characterized by structural elucidation techniques. From the synthesis results obtained compound 3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) Pyrazoline is pale yellow powder with 84%yield. The result of antioxidant activity test by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) showed that the compound had very strong antioxidant activity, Antibacterial test by diffusion method to use paper disk showed that the compound had antibacterial activity against Gram positive bacteria (S.aureus) and Gram negative bacteria (E.coli) and toxicity test by Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) showed that the compound had toxicity.

Chalcone is an intermediate compound as the main precursor for the biosynthesis of flavonoid in plants. Chalcone has been known to have variety of different pharmacological activities. The difference in chalcone activity is influenced by the differences of subtituents found in both aromatic rings on the chalcone stucture. This study performed the synthesis of 2',4'-dichloro-4-hydroxy-3-methoxychalcone compound from the raw material of 2,4-dichloro acetophenone and vanillin by Claisen-Schmidt reaction using conventional method by stirring. The yield of synthesized compound is 91.57% of purity. The synthesized compounds were characterized by structural elucidation methods using IR, MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. Toxicity and antioxidant activity tests were performed on the synthesized compound. Base on the test results obtained LC50 value of 20.04 ppm and IC50 26.10 ppm. It is better to describe the pharmaceutical potential of 2',4'-dichloro-4-hydroxy-3-methoxychalcone little bit further.

This research is for finding the suitable synthetic daily rainfall generating model in the Middle Brantas River Basin - East Java. There are 7 models being considered, 4 single-site models, (1) the two-part, (2) the transition probability matrix, (3) the resampling, and (4) the time series, and 3 multisite models, (5) the conditional, (6) the extension of single site Markov chain, and (7) the random cascade. All time-series produced by the models are then tested statistically. The results show that the differences between the historial time series and the synthetical time series are not too significant. It turn out that the synthetic time series of multisite models are better than the synthetic time series of single-site models. Keywords: generating model, synthetic data, daily rainfall.

This research is for finding the suitable the synthetic data generating model for daily rainfall in the region of Middle Brantas River Basin in the East Java Province. There are 7 models being considered, 4 models for single-site generation, (1) the two-part, model group, (2) the transition probability matrix model group, (3) the resampling model group, and (4) the time series model group, and 3 models for multisite generation, (5) the conditional, model group, (6) the extension of single site Markov chain model group, and (7) the random cascade model group. All of the time-series produced by the daily rainfall synthetic data generation are then tested statistically. The results show that statistically the differences between the historical time series and the synthetically time series are not too significant. It turn out that the multisite model have produced better synthetic time series compared to those which have been produced by the single-site models. Keywords: generating model, synthetic data, daily rainfall.

Senyawa turunan stirillakton terasetilisasi telah berhasil diisolasi dari daun tendani (Goniothalamus macrophyllus Hook.f. & Thoms) asal Kalimantan Timur. Isolasi dimulai dengan maserasi menggunakan metanol, kemudian difraksinasi dengan n-heksana dan etil asetat. Ekstrak etil asetat diisolasi dengan teknik kromatografi kolom. Struktur isolat ditentukan strukturnya berdasarkan Spektroskopi Massa (MS), NMR (1D dan 2D). Struktur turunan stirillakton yang berhasil diisolasi diketahui sebagai 9-deoksigoniopipiron asetat. Kata Kunci: Daun tendani, goniothalamus macrophyllus, stirillakton, 9-deoksigoniopipiron asetat

Research about chromatographic profile of antioxidant and antibacterial compounds in n-hexane fraction of Libo leaves (Ficus variegata Blume.) has been done in order to know the form of chromatographic profile of antioxidant and antibacterial compounds in n-hexane fraction of Libo leaves. Extraction was done by maceration using methanol. Isolation was done by 2 methods, vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) then followed by conventional column chromatography. Eluent used are n-hexane-ethyl acetate and methanol-chloroform. The results based on conventional column chromatography are as many as 10 fractions. The fractions are being conducted then by a qualitative testing of the antioxidant activity using DPPH method and antibacterial activity test using bioautography TLC method. The results formed as a chromatographic profile of fraction that contain antioxidant and antibacterial activity, which are as many as 5 fractions (NHB1, NHB3, NHB4, NHC1, NHC3) active as an antioxidant and 4 fractions (NHB1, NHC1, NHC2, NHC3) which are active as an antibacterial. The secondary metabolite contents of the fractions are alkaloid, flavonoid and steroid/terpenoid.

Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of luminol and electrocatalysis by Prussian blue were compared for the selective detection of H 2 O 2 at the boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes. The H 2 O 2 detection was optimized by various parameters such as the applied potential at pH 7.4, which is a physiological value usually used for H 2 O 2 detection in enzymatic reactions. At an optimum applied potential of +0.5 V, a linear increase in the ECL signals ( R 2 = 0.99) was achieved for H 2 O 2 concentrations ranging between 0 to 100 μM with an estimated limit of detection (LOD) of 2.59 μM. This LOD was better than that obtained with electrocatalysis measurements using the same electrode modified with Prussian blue. Furthermore, the interference study in the presence of glucose, Fe 3+ , Cl - , Ca 2+ , CO 3 2- , Na + , and F - ions showed a comparable selectivity of the luminol ECL and PB-BDD electrochemical current. Nevertheless, the ECL method exhibited significant advantage in the high stability of its signal response.

Using a simple drop-casting technique, we successfully fabricated a sensitive electrochemical sensor based on the composite of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) deposited on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for individual and simultaneous measurements of hydroquinone (HQ), dopamine (DA), and uric acid (UA). The nanocomposite of RGO/MWCNT was further characterized in terms of its structural properties, surface morphology, and topography using Raman, FT-IR spectroscopy, SEM, HRTEM, and AFM. Then, the proposed sensor for simultaneous measurement of HQ, DA, and UA based on RGO/MWCNT-modified GCE was investigated for its electrochemical behavior and electroanalytical performances using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). In addition, the composition ratio between RGO and MWCT was 1 : 1 showing the highest electrochemical response for simultaneous detection of HQ, DA, and UA. Owing to the synergistic effect between RGO and MWCNT leading to excellent conductivity properties, the proposed sensor exhibited improved electrochemical response at pH 7 toward the oxidation processes of HQ, DA, and UA on the surface of modified electrode. The proposed sensor demonstrated three well-defined anodic peaks of these analytes with their linear concentrations ranges of 3.0-150.0 μM for HQ, 4.0-100.0 μM for DA, and 2.0-70.0 μM for UA. The limit of detection values for the simultaneous detection of HQ, DA, and UA were found as follows 0.400 ± 0.014, 0.500 ± 0.006, and 0.300 ± 0.016 μM, respectively. The additional features of this proposed sensor are high reproducibility and stability for the simultaneous detection of HQ, DA, and UA with negligible interference effect from interferents such as Mg 2+ , K + , Cl - , ascorbic acid, and glucose. An acceptable percentage of recovery was also shown by this sensor for simultaneous measurements of HQ, DA, and UA using 6 samples of human urine. In summary, the RGO/MWCNT nanocomposite has been shown to be a promising platform for rapid, simple, and reliable determination of simultaneous measurements of HQ, DA, and UA in practical applications., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Thermal conductivity and adhesion strength effects were studied for thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) with different particle sizes, YSZ content, time, and temperature curing. The study involves three stages. The first step focuses on the characteristics of YSZ/polysilazane as the TBC, which is characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA). The second and third steps assess thermal conductivity and adhesion strength based on variables such as particle size, YSZ/polysilazane, time, and curing temperature. Results show that there was a synergistic effect between particle size-YSZ content and time-temperature curing to obtain specimens with good thermal properties. SB270/70 showed the lowest temperature compared to other specimens, up to 160 °C. Furthermore, YSZ/polysilazane thermal conductivity and adhesion properties could be enhanced by a prolonged curing time and higher temperature. This study emphasizes that the modification of particle size, YSZ content, time, and temperature curing is a promising strategy to improve the thermal properties of TBCs., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

The demand for robust yet lightweight materials has exponentially increased in several engineering applications. Additive manufacturing and 3D printing technology have the ability to meet this demand at a fraction of the cost compared with traditional manufacturing techniques. By using the fused deposition modeling (FDM) or fused filament fabrication (FFF) technique, objects can be 3D-printed with complex designs and patterns using cost-effective, biodegradable, and sustainable thermoplastic polymer filaments such as polylactic acid (PLA). This study aims to provide results to guide users in selecting the optimal printing and testing parameters for additively manufactured/3D-printed components. This study was designed using the Taguchi method and grey relational analysis. Compressive test results on nine similarly patterned samples suggest that cuboid gyroid-structured samples perform the best under compression and retain more mechanical strength than the other tested triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structures. A printing speed of 40 mm/s, relative density of 60%, and cell size of 3.17 mm were the best choice of input parameters within the tested ranges to provide the optimal performance of a sample that experiences greater force or energy to compress until failure. The ninth experiment on the above-mentioned conditions improved the yield strength by 16.9%, the compression modulus by 34.8%, and energy absorption by 29.5% when compared with the second-best performance, which was obtained in the third experiment.

The utilization of adhesive compounds in bonding lightweight and high-performance composite structures, including carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites, has garnered significant attention from researchers. This study presents the novel application of Al 2 O 3 coated with TiO 2 as a thermal protective layer for CFRP substrate. Initially, the CFRP substrate underwent a protective treatment involving the application of Al 2 O 3 as a middle coat, followed by a further protective layer consisting of TiO 2 as a top coat. The deposition of TiO 2 onto an Al 2 O 3 -based thermal barrier coating (TBC) was carried out utilizing the flame spray method. The use of a TiO 2 coating as a top coat was employed to enhance protection and heat dispersion across the middle coat and substrate. In order to achieve sufficient adhesion between the CFRP substrate, an intermediate coat consisting of Al 2 O 3 with a Na 2 SiO 3 binder, the impact of varying nozzle distances on adhesion strength and pull-off test outcomes was investigated, with a nozzle distance of 180 mm yielding the highest adhesion strength. The thermal stability of a CFRP substrate was enhanced through the deposition of a layer of TiO 2 on Al 2 O 3 . The surface and cross-sectional morphologies of the composite were analyzed using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). It was observed that the presence of a TBC on the composite surface effectively reduced the amount of heat that was transferred to the composite material. In order to assess the effectiveness of TBC on CFRP substrates, a series of experiments involving thermal torch and conductivity tests were undertaken. The interaction between the top and middle coats of a composite material results in enhanced mechanical properties, hence improving its thermal insulation capabilities. The artificially produced TBC coatings have the potential to function as adhesive materials, ensuring the sustained high performance of CFRP substrates., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Systematic analyses of electrolyte physicochemical properties are important to screen ionic liquids (ILs) and understand the electrochemical performance of supercapacitor electrolytes. This study harmonizes the evaluation of electrochemical performance and transport properties of eight shortlisted ILs from 22 commercially available hydrophobic ILs toward achieving a ≥ 5 V supercapacitor capable of high-temperature operation (up to 353.15 K). The eight ILs are N-Propyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([Pyr 1, 3 ] [TFSI], N-Pentyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([Pyr 1, 5 ] [TFSI]), N-Propyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide ([Pyr 1, 3 ] [FSI]), 1-Methyl-1-(2-methoxyethyl)pyrrolidinium Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([Pyr 1, 102 ] [TFSI]), 1-Methyl-1-propylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([Pip 1, 3 ] [TFSI]), 1-Methyl-1-propylpiperidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide ([Pip 1, 3 ] [FSI]), N-Trimethyl-N-propylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([N 111, 3 ] [TFSI]), N-Trimethyl-N-hexylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([N 111, 6 ] [TFSI]). The density, viscosity, and ionic conductivity of the eight ILs were measured between 278.15 and 373.15 K to confirm the effects of temperature and ion structure before electrochemical characterization. The [FSI]-based ILs ([Pip 1, 3 ] [FSI] and [Pyr 1, 3 ] [FSI]) showed lower densities and viscosities compared to other ILs among the eight based on [TFSI]. Consequently, the highest conductivity was obtained for [Pyr 1, 3 ] [FSI]. Cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy was performed on supercapacitors assembled with the eight ILs as electrolytes between 298.15-353.15 K. Conclusion from the two-electrode supercapacitors using multi-walled carbon nanotubes showed the 6 most-applicable ILs towards the targeted ≥ 5 V SC at high temperature are [Pip 1, 3 ] [TFSI] (5.4 V), [Pip 1, 3 ] [FSI] (5 V), [N 111, 3 ] [TFSI] (5.1 V), [N 111, 6 ] [TFSI] (5.2 V), [Pyr 1, 102 ] [TFSI] (5.2 V), and [Pyr 1, 5 ] [TFSI] (5.2 V)., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Bahaa, Alhammadi, Lethesh, Susantyoko and Bamgbopa.)

Cracking in tension causes damage to regular concrete. When the surface of the concrete cracks, liquids can enter and damage the structure. Remediating concrete in rigid pavements is time-consuming, costly, and challenging. Concrete cracking can be reduced using sustainable solutions, such as concrete bacteria. Using concrete bacteria is an innovative method for continuously retrofitting concrete, improving its durability, and reducing maintenance costs. Several studies have explored the possibilities of a wide range of bacteria and demonstrated concrete retrofitting. However, in these extensive studies of sustainable solutions, the role of concrete bacteria in retrofitting concrete for rigid pavement has not been clarified. This meta-analysis aims to compare and contrast the performance of various microorganisms in concrete restoration, considering the bacteria concentration, total concrete components, and water/cement ratio. Data from 371 articles were entered into the initial database and 37 articles into the final database for meta-analysis. Low concentrations (10 CFU/mL) of Bacillus subtilis increased the compressive strength after 28 days at 46.8 MPa, and the optimum concentration of Bacillus subtilis was 10 5  CFU/mL, resulting in an optimum compressive strength of 58.2 MPa after 28 days, an optimum water/cement ratio of 0.3, and the optimum total ingredients (cement, fine and coarse aggregates) ranging from 2000 to 2400 kg/m 3 . This meta-analysis study supports a new approach to selecting concrete bacteria and developing sustainable advances in concrete technology., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP) often show an increase in femoral anteversion angle (FAA). Computed tomography (CT) scan is the main modality for evaluating FAA in these patients, however, due to significant radiation exposure, it carries a high carcinogenic risk. FEMORA® software is expected to be able to accurately assess FAA even with conventional X-ray images that only require low radiation exposure. However, its validity has not been tested in various populations or CT devices. This study aimed to validate the FEMORA® software by comparing it to CT scans done on an Indonesian population., Material and Methods: All spastic CP patients of the outpatient clinic at Dr. Soetomo Hospital between March and November 2022, were included. The FEMORA® Software evaluation was performed by three examiners. The calculation results were averaged and compared with those of the CT scan. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), reliability, and correlation were be assessed., Results: There were 36 patients included in this study. Most were female (n = 22; 61,1 %) and the average age was 7,28 years old. Interobserver preoperative analysis using ICC showed good outcomes (p = 0.918; 95 % CI, 0.858-0.955). FAA measurement results using FEMORA® and CT scans were 41,71 ± 12,90 and 32,68 ± 11,85, respectively. Correlation coefficient between the two values is 0.634 (p < 0.001)., Conclusion: FEMORA® software demonstrates a good and significant correlation with FAA measurement using CT scan., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Authors.)

Background : Hermetia illucens L. have gained popularity in recent years as an environmentally friendly response to both the present and potential future food/feed crisis. The larvae of H. illucens L., or black soldier fly larvae (BSFL), is an alternative solution to tackle the issue of organic waste bioconversion. However, understanding the environmental loads associated with biowaste bioconversion using BSFL to produce dried BSFL is a pivotal point to keep the environment sustainable. This study reported a life cycle assessment (LCA) of the biowaste bioconversion process of BSFL and determined the environment impact analysis to make recommendations for modifications to lessen environmental consequences. Methods : The methodology used is life cycle assessment (LCA), which includes: (a) system boundary determination (gate-to-gate), starting from biowaste production, biowaste bioconversion, prepupae and BSFL frass production. The system boundary of the dried BSFL production is designed for both the processing and production of one cycle of BSFL; (b) life cycle inventory activities carried out at PT Biomagg Sinergi Internasional, Depok, West Java, Indonesia; (c) conducting life cycle impact assessment on five environmental impact categories namely global warming potential (GWP), acidification (AC), terrestrial eutrophication (TE), fossil fuel depletion (FFE), eco-toxicity (ET); and (d) interpretation of the assessment result. The LCA is conducted using openLCA 1.11 software and TRACI 2.1 impact assessment method. Results : The impact values of GWP, AC, TE, FFE, and ET, per 100 kg of BSFL dried production was 6.687 kg CO 2 eq; 0.029 kg SO 2 -eq; 0.092 kg N-eq; 16.732 MJ surplus; 121.231 CTUe. Production of prepupa had the highest hotspots in these emissions, followed dried BSFL production. Conclusions: Efforts to reduce environmental impacts that can be done are by implementing an integrated rearing system using substrate from a single type of known substrate for BSFL and using alternative drying methods for BSFL dried production., Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed., (Copyright: © 2023 Nugroho RA et al.)

The tiger shrimp culture in East Borneo is commonly performed using traditional pond system management. In this work, the objective was to evaluate the application of Boesenbergia pandurata and Solanum ferox extract supplemented as feed additives considering shrimp growth, survival rate, and meat quality culture in a traditional pond. There were three dietary groups that were stocked with 300 shrimp in this study. The shrimp were maintained in a pond, separated with a 3 × 3 m 2 net. The dietary treatment applied was divided into three types, namely P1, without the extracts; P2, 20 mL kg -1 dietary supplementation; and P3, 30 mL kg -1 dietary supplementation in the diet. The findings revealed that the herb extract influenced the growth rate, feed efficiency, survival rate, and meat quality of the shrimp, mainly the amino and fatty acid contents in the shrimp meat. The 30 mL kg -1 herb extract dose in group 3 showed a higher growth performance and survival rate. In group 3, 98% of the shrimp could survive until the final study period, while 96% of shrimp survived in group 2, and 70% of the shrimp survived in group 1. These findings indicate that the phytoimmune ( B. pandurata and S. ferox) extract can be utilized as a feed additive to improve the growth, survival rate, and meat quality of the shrimp.

The electrochemical stability of 22 commercially available hydrophobic ionic liquids was measured at different temperatures (288.15, 298.15, 313.15, 333.15 and 358.15 K), to systematically investigate ionic liquids towards electrolytes for supercapacitors in harsh weather conditions. Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide and bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide anions in combination with 1-Butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium, 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium, N-Ethyl-N, N-dimethyl-N(2methoxyethyl)ammonium, 1-Methyl-1-(2-methoxyethyl)pyrrolidinium, N-Pentyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium, N, N-Diethyl-N-methyl-N-propylammonium, N, N-Dimethyl-N-ethyl-N-benzyl ammonium, N, N-Dimethyl-N-Ethyl-N-phenylethylammonium, N-Butyl-N-methylpiperidinium, 1-Methyl-1-propylpiperidinium, N-Tributyl-N-methylammonium, N-Trimethyl-N-butylammonium, N-Trimethyl-N-butylammonium, N-Trimethyl-N-propylammonium, N-Propyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium cations were selected for the study. Linear regression with a numerical model was used in combination with voltammetry experiments to deduce the temperature sensitivity of both anodic and cathodic potential limits (defining the electrochemical stability window), in addition to extrapolating results to 283.15 and 363.15 K. We evaluated the influence of the cations, anions, and the presence of functional groups on the observed electrochemical stability window which ranged from 4.1 to 6.1 V., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Lethesh, Bahaa, Abdullah, Bamgbopa and Susantyoko.)

Background: The need of palliative care is increasing, but it is not all achievable. It is necessary to identify palliative patients in order to provide the proper care according to the needs of the patients. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital has been making the identification using a palliative-patient screening questionnaire, but no performance assessment has been carried out on the screening tool. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the screening-tool questionnaire used on palliative-care patients at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in order to assess the need of palliative-care consultation and to find out the optimal cut-off point of palliative care screening tools., Methods: The design of this study is cross-sectional and was conducted at Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Public Hospital in July - October 2019. The sampling was collected by consecutive sampling. The reliability test was performed by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The internal consistency was measured by the Cronbach's-Alpha coefficient. The criterion-validity test was run by an evaluation using the Pearson test., Results: There were 64 subjects collected, the largest age group was 51-70 years (50%). Cancer was the main disease found in most of the subjects (56 people / 87.5%). The most common comorbidity was kidney disease (11 people). The most common palliative score distribution was 6 (15 people). The average score was 7.51. The mortality rate at the hospital was 51.6%, 33 patients from a total of 64 patients. From the palliative score distribution curve, the AUC value was 0.687 with a 95% CI (0.557-0.818). The optimal cut-off point was 8. All patients were palliative according to expert opinion based on WHO criteria., Conclusion: The performance of this tool is sufficient to screen palliative patients in a terminal and complex condition, but requires improvements to screen for patients who need early palliative care. The optimal cut-off point to determine the limit of consultation on palliative patients is found at score 8.

The copyrolysis of the green microalgae Botryococcus braunii and Victorian brown coal was studied by thermogravimetric analysis using the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO), and Friedman methods. This research aims to study the synergistic effect of mixing B. braunii and Victorian brown coal in pyrolysis reactions on the kinetic parameter using thermogravimetric analysis. Copyrolysis was carried out at four heating rates, 10, 15, 20, and 25 °C/min. The copyrolysis reaction of B. braunii and Victorian brown coal occurred from 155.79 to 545.27 °C; this temperature range was lower than that for the pyrolysis of only B. braunii under the same conditions. However, mixing the two samples increased the thermal decomposition temperature for each conversion value (α), as well as the average activation energy, due to the presence of compounds that require high temperatures to undergo pyrolysis in the Victorian brown coal. The average activation energies of the copyrolysis reaction of B. braunii and Victorian brown coal determined using the KAS, FWO, and Friedman methods were 195.20 ± 17.40, 195.60 ± 17.70, and 225.93 ± 32.39 kJ/mol, respectively., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2021 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

We report a novel hole conductive polymer with photoactive Os(ii) complexes in the side chains. This PPV derivative can be activated upon absorption of red visible light and delivers notable photocurrents when used as photocathode material. Thus, the polymer presents as a stepping stone towards developing soft matter alternatives to NiO photocathodes, which function under visible light irradiation. To show the concept we combine electrical impedance spectroscopy with steady state spectroscopy. As light-driven hole injection from Os complex to the PPV polymer is thermodynamically feasible both based on reductive quenching of photoexcited PPV and based on oxidative quenching of the photoexcited Os chromophores we investigate the impact of illumination wavelengths on the photocathode behavior and photochemical stability of the material. While both blue and red light excitation, i.e., excitation of the chromophoric units PPV and excitation of the metal-to-ligand charge transfer transitions in the side-chain pendant Os chromophores yield cathodic photocurrents, the photochemical stability is drastically enhanced upon red-light excitation. Hence, the results of the investigations discussed show the validity of the concept developing red-light sensitized hole-conducting polymers for energy conversion.

Background:  This study investigated how the inclusion of Boesenbergia pandurata extract (BPE) in goldfish feed affects fish growth, immunity, and resistance to infection by Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas fluorescens.   Methods:  Four fish feeds, were prepared by adding BPE at the concentrations of 0 (control), 2, 4, and 6 g kg-1, respectively, and 120 goldfish (Cyprinus carpio; initial weight 5 g) were separated into 12 boxes and fed with specific pellets and examined thrice. The experiment lasted 12 weeks, beginning with the different feeds, fish growth was measured at Weeks 4 and 8 after the feeding period. Moreover, a challenge test with pathogen bacteria to assay disease resistance was administered at Week 8 after the feeding period, and the survival rate and relative percentage of survival were quantified at Week 12.   Results : At Week 8, the goldfish that were fed BPE-containing feeds were significantly heavier than the fish that received the control feed (pellet without BPE), and the highest weight gain, reaching 72.44 g, was obtained with Pellet 3; accordingly, the specific growth rate after BPE treatment (5.7%) was higher than that after control treatment. Conversely, the feed conversion ratio in the control group, 2.03, was higher than the ratios in the BPE groups, which were decreased to 0.55-0.90. Lastly, BPE treatment consistently enhanced the immunity parameters of goldfish (relative to control treatment) at weeks 4 and 8, and following BPE treatment, the rate of resistance against bacterial infection, 68.3%-77.0%, was higher than that after control treatment.   Conclusions:  BPE addition in goldfish feed clearly produces a positive effect by enhancing fish growth, immunity, and resistance to infection by pathogenic bacteria, and 4 g kg-1 is the optimal BPE concentration in feed prepared for goldfish., Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed., (Copyright: © 2021 Hardi EH et al.)

We report on the localization of the initially excited electronic state within the molecular framework of a series of [Ru(bpy) 2 dppz] 2+ derivatives (bpy:2,2'-bipyridine, dppz: dipyrido-phenazine) as sensitizers in NiO based photocathodes. The introduction of conjugated linkers with phenylene and triazole moieties in the bpy ligand sphere separates the NiO surface from the metal center and hence is considered to stabilize the charge separated state, which results from light-driven hole injection. However, introduction of the conjugated linkers also alters the localization of the excess electron density in the excited state within the ligand sphere and impacts the extent to which the charge-separated state is formed. The study emphasizes that tuning the ligand with the lowest-energy π* orbital distal or proximal to the NiO surface significantly affects the initial charge-separation and the solar cell performance. The stability of the charge-separated state correlates with the observed photocurrents in dye-sensitized solar cells. Furthermore, the study challenges the widely accepted concept that the introduction of extended anchoring groups, i.e. increasing Ru - NiO distance, stabilizes the charge-separated state and suppresses charge recombination at the metal-oxide molecule interface., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The integration of gallium nitride (GaN) nanowire light-emitting diodes (nanoLEDs) on flexible substrates offers opportunities for applications beyond rigid solid-state lighting (e.g., for wearable optoelectronics and bendable inorganic displays). Here, we report on a fast physical transfer route based on femtosecond laser lift-off ( fs -LLO) to realize wafer-scale top-down GaN nanoLED arrays on unconventional platforms. Combined with photolithography and hybrid etching processes, we successfully transferred GaN blue nanoLEDs from a full two-inch sapphire substrate onto a flexible copper (Cu) foil with a high nanowire density (~10 7 wires/cm 2 ), transfer yield (~99.5%), and reproducibility. Various nanoanalytical measurements were conducted to evaluate the performance and limitations of the fs -LLO technique as well as to gain insights into physical material properties such as strain relaxation and assess the maturity of the transfer process. This work could enable the easy recycling of native growth substrates and inspire the development of large-scale hybrid GaN nanowire optoelectronic devices by solely employing standard epitaxial LED wafers (i.e., customized LED wafers with additional embedded sacrificial materials and a complicated growth process are not required)., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestThe authors declare no competing interests., (© The Author(s) 2021.)

Algal biofuel research aims to make a renewable, carbon-neutral biofuel by using oil-producing microalgae. The freshwater microalga Botryococcus braunii has received much attention due to its ability to accumulate large amounts of petroleum-like hydrocarbons but suffers from slow growth. We performed a large-scale screening of fast-growing strains with 180 strains isolated from 22 ponds located in a wide geographic range from the tropics to cool-temperate. A fast-growing strain, Showa, which recorded the highest productivities of algal hydrocarbons to date, was used as a benchmark. The initial screening was performed by monitoring optical densities in glass tubes and identified 9 wild strains with faster or equivalent growth rates to Showa. The biomass-based assessments showed that biomass and hydrocarbon productivities of these strains were 12-37% and 11-88% higher than that of Showa, respectively. One strain, OIT-678 established a new record of the fastest growth rate in the race B strains with a doubling time of 1.2 days. The OIT-678 had 36% higher biomass productivity, 34% higher hydrocarbon productivity, and 20% higher biomass density than Showa at the same cultivation conditions, suggesting the potential of the new strain to break the record for the highest productivities of hydrocarbons.

The development of p-type dye-sensitized solar cells (p-DSSCs) offers an opportunity to assemble tandem photoelectrochemical solar cells with higher efficiencies than TiO 2 -based photoanodes, pioneered by O'Regan and Grätzel [Nature 353, 737-740 (1991)]. This paper describes an investigation into the behavior at the interfaces in p-DSSCs, using a series of BODIPY dyes, BOD1-3. The three dyes have different structural and electronic properties, which lead to different performances in p-DSSCs. We have applied photoelectron spectroscopy and transient absorption spectroscopy to rationalize these differences. The results show that the electronic orbitals of the dyes are appropriately aligned with the valence band of the NiO semiconductor to promote light-induced charge transfer, but charge-recombination is too fast for efficient dye regeneration by the electrolyte. We attribute this fast recombination, which limits the efficiency of the solar cells, to the electronic structure of the dye and the presence of Ni 3+ recombination sites at the NiO surface.

The data presented here focuses on the physicochemical characterization of perovskite CaTiO 3 nanoparticles (orthorhombic) as photocatalyts and the kinetic study of their photodegradation performance toward organic pollutant, i.e. brilliant green (BG) which is azo derivatives dye. The CaTiO 3 nanoparticles was synthesized using chicken eggshell-derived CaCO 3 and anatase TiO 2 with molar ratio of (1:1), (1:3), (2:5), and (2:7). The physical and microstructural properties of CaTiO 3 were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and UV/vis spectrometer. The effect of initial dye concentration, catalyst composition, and catalyst dosage on the adsorption mechanism of dye on CaTiO 3 was investigated in jacketed photoreactor under UV irradiation. The analysis reveals that BG molecules are efficiently chemisorbed, as indicated by pseudo first order kinetic, and degraded within 120 min. Considering the low-cost preparation process and high photocatalytic performance, the resultant CaTiO 3 can further be used as an efficient photocatalyst for organic pollutant removal from aqueous and industrial wastewater., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2020 The Authors.)