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Titanium surfaces were anodized to create nanotube structures utilizing an aqueous electrolyte made of xanthan gum (XG) and sodium fluoride. The purpose of employing this type of anodizing solution was to investigate the impact of XG addition on the morphology and organization of nanotubes. As far as we know, this is the first time that TiO2 nanotubes, made using aqueous electrolytes with XG as an additive, have been reported. The organization of the nanotubes was measured using the regularity ratio (RR) from the fast Fourier transformation (FFT) pictures. Contrary to the nanotubes formed in aqueous solutions without XG, the addition of XG to the aqueous electrolyte improved the nanotube organization, with no effect on packability. Based on the findings of this experimental work, organized and homogeneous nanotubular structures might be produced utilizing an inexpensive and non-toxic aqueous electrolyte. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this experimental work, homogeneous nanotube layers were successfully formed by anodization on titanium wires with diameters lower than 200 µm employing an aqueous anodizing solution composed of carboxymethylcellulose and sodium fluoride. Homogeneous nanotube layers were formed only when the titanium wires were electropolished. After heat treatment at 350 and 600°C, the nanotubes were transformed from amorphous phase into anatase phase or a mix between anatase and rutile phases. After both heat treatments, the nanotube coatings remained uniform; namely, no apparent cracks, critical defects, or coating delamination were seen. To the best of our knowledge, a homogeneous nanotube coating composed of anatase or a mix between anatase and rutile phases on titanium wires with diameters lower than 200 µm has not been reported. These coatings may be potentially useful in a variety of fields, including biomedicine, sensing, and catalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanotubular structures were produced on a commercially pure titanium surface by anodization in an aqueous electrolyte that contained carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium fluoride. The internal diameters obtained were about 100, 48, and 9.5 nm, respectively. Several heat treatments at 200, 350, and 600°C were made to produce nanotubes with different titanium dioxide polymorphs (anatase, rutile). All tested surfaces were superhydrophilic, this behavior was maintained after at least 30 days, regardless of the heat treatment. Although in previous works the nanotube features effect on the bacteria behavior had been studied; this item still unclear. For the best of our knowledge, the effect of small internal diameters (about 10 nm) with and without heat treatment and with and without ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on the bacteria strains comportment has not been reported. From our results, both the internal diameter and the postanodized treatments have an effect on the bacteria strains comportment. All nanotubular coatings UV treated and heat treated at 350 and 600°C; despite they have different inner diameters, inhibit the bacteria growth of both Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. The nanotubular coatings obtained at 20 V and heat treated at 350°C produced the lower bacteria adhesion against both strains evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]