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Purpose: The primary aim of NSABP FB-7 was to determine the pathologic complete response (pCR) rate in locally advanced HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant trastuzumab or neratinib or the combination and weekly paclitaxel followed by standard doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide. The secondary aims include biomarker analyses. Experimental design: pCR was tested for association with treatment, gene expression, and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the Fc fragment of the IgG receptor IIIa-158V/F (FCGR3A). Pre-treatment biopsies and residual tumors were also compared to identify molecular changes. Results: The numerical pCR rate in the trastuzumab plus neratinib arm (50% [95%CI 34-66%]) was greater than that for single-targeted therapies with trastuzumab (38% [95%CI 24-54]) or neratinib (33% [95%CI 20-50]) in the overall cohort but was not statistically significant. Hormone receptor-negative (HR-) tumors had a higher pCR rate than HR+ tumors in all three treatment arms, with the highest pCR rate in the combination arm. Diarrhea was the most frequent adverse event and occurred in virtually all patients who received neratinib-based therapy. Grade 3 diarrhea was reported in 31% of patients; there were no grade 4 events. Our 8-gene signature, previously validated for trastuzumab benefit in two different clinical trials in the adjuvant setting, was correlated with pCR across all arms of NSABP FB-7. Specifically, patients predicted to receive no trastuzumab benefit had a significantly lower pCR rate than did patients predicted to receive the most benefit (P = 0.03). FCGR genotyping showed that patients who were homozygous for the Fc low-binding phenylalanine (F) allele for FCGR3A-158V/F were less likely to achieve pCR. Conclusions: Combining trastuzumab plus neratinib with paclitaxel increased the absolute pCR rate in the overall cohort and in HR- patients. The 8-gene signature, which is validated for predicting trastuzumab benefit in t

La investigación tuvo el propósito de elaborar una bebida fermentada de capulí y miel de abeja (MA) con las mejores características físico-químicas y organolépticas para revalorizar el capulí. La investigación fue experimental cuantitativa y aplicada. En la primera etapa se caracterizó la miel de abeja, se obtuvo la pasta de capulí, realizándose la caracterización física química. En la segunda etapa se mezclo diluciones pasta capulí/agua (1:1,1:2,1:3) y mosto de miel de abeja (30 y 50%), para evaluar el efecto del nivel de dilución de la pasta y % de mosto de miel de abeja en la velocidad de fermentación (VF), variación de pH, variación de ºBrix, aplicándose el diseño de superficie respuesta con nueve tratamientos, cuyo resultado fue: existe influencia significativa de la dilución y % de miel de abeja sobre la VF, pH y la acidez. Se determinó el flujo de elaboración de la bebida fermentada con los parámetros óptimos, de la evaluación de la fermentación se determinó que el tratamiento (dilución 1:1 pulpa /agua) 70% y mosto de miel de abeja 30% tuvo un mayor efecto en la velocidad de fermentación (2.75) El pH de 3.53, duración de la fermentación 8 días, mayor consumo de sólidos solubles y menor acidez volátil. En la tercera etapa se caracterizó la bebida fermentada encontrándose que cumple con la Norma Técnica Nacional 212.014. La aceptabilidad de la bebida fue 6.0033/7, la calificación estética fue 14.3/20 para panelistas semientrenados mayores de 25 años.

Methane (CH4) is a greenhouse gas generated during the feed fermentation processes in the rumen. However, numerous studies have been conducted to determine the capacity of plant secondary metabolites to enhance ruminal fermentation and decrease CH4 production, especially those plants rich in tannins. This review conducted a descriptive analysis and meta-analysis of the use of tannin-rich plants in tropical regions to mitigate CH4 production from livestock. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of tannins supplementation in tropical plants on CH4 production in ruminants using a meta-analytic approach and the effect on microbial population. Sources of heterogeneity were explored using a meta-regression analysis. Final database was integrated by a total of 14 trials. The ‘meta’ package in R statistical software was used to conduct the meta-analyses. The covariates defined a priori in the current meta-regression were inclusion level, species (sheep, beef cattle, dairy cattle, and cross-bred heifers) and plant. Results showed that supplementation with tropical plants with tannin contents have the greatest effects on CH4 mitigation. A negative relationship was observed between the level of inclusion and CH4 emission (−0.09), which means that the effect of CH4 mitigation is increasing as the level of tannin inclusion is higher. Therefore, less CH4 production will be obtained when supplementing tropical plants in the diet with a high dose of tannins.