Search

Increasing competition for marine space requires the appropriate development of indicators to best represent the use of marine areas and the value (whether economic, social and/or cultural) derived from such use. Fishers (the largest group of users) are often under-represented in marine spatial planning processes. Highly-resolved vessel tracking data provide opportunities to map the activities of fishing vessels at a level of detail never before available. Most effort mapping methods have focused on active gears such as trawls or dredges in large scale fisheries. For these fisheries, the time spent fishing at sea (hours) is usually a representative indicator of fishing effort, enabling a straightforward mapping of the most important fishing grounds. However, for passive gears generally used in small-scale fisheries, we show that spatial indicators of effort (here, length of vessel track) greatly outperform time-at-sea as an indicator of fishing effort. We further demonstrate and validate a method to estimate gear soak time from vessel tracking data and show how maps of effort that account for soak time can be different from those solely based on time spent fishing at sea. The development of adequate methods to quantify the spatial distribution of passive gear effort is particularly relevant to fisheries management because globally about a fifth of all catches (by weight) are landed by passive gears. Appropriate, fine scale effort maps will provide better tools for spatial planning to support sustainable fishing., Postprint (published version)

The aim of the study was to compare the levels of enjoyment of physical activity, the perceived level of habitual activity and the self-efficacy for the activity, among school boys and girls from Honduras and Costa Rica, during the pandemic due to the COVID-19 disease. Participants: 75 school children from Honduras (37 girls and 13 boys) and Costa Rica (11 girls and 14 boys), aged between 7-8 years. They completed online inventories to measure enjoyment, self-efficacy and level of physical activity. Results: barely a third of the students in both countries would be classified as very active. Girls from both countries presented a predominance of inactive or active cases and a lower percentage of very active cases. In contrast, boys from Costa Rica showed a predominance of low-active cases, while those from Honduras had a predominance of very active cases. In addition, the majority of the school children sample in both countries indicated that they did not participate in physical-sports activities organized outside the school context, but those who had the opportunity to do so, mainly did so only one or two days a week and in sessions of less than 30 minutes. Also as results, no relationship was found between the level of physical activity of the students and the degree of enjoyment or self-efficacy for the activity. There were also no differences in these variables, between boys and girls or between countries, except for enjoyment, which was higher in the Costa Rican school sample. Conclusions: inactive school children prevailed in general. The level of physical activity in this sample depends on gender and country of origin, but is not explained by the degree of self-efficacy or enjoyment of the activity, in contrast to previous studies. The restrictions derived from the COVID-19 pandemic could partly explain the low levels of physical activity reported by the school children sample., El objetivo del estudio fue comparar los niveles de disfrute de la actividad física, el nivel percibido de actividad habitual y la autoeficacia para la actividad, entre niños y niñas escolares de Honduras y Costa Rica, en tiempos de pandemia por la enfermedad de COVID-19. Participaron 75 escolares de Honduras (37 niñas y 13 niños) y Costa Rica (11 niñas y 14 niños), con edades entre los 7-8 años, se aplicaron 3 instrumentos: disfrute, autoeficacia y nivel de actividad física por medio de la virtualidad. Entre los resultados obtenidos, apenas un tercio del estudiantado de ambos países se clasificarían como muy activos. Las niñas de ambos países presentaron predominio de casos poco activos o activos y menor porcentaje de casos muy activos. Por el contrario, los niños de Costa Rica mostraron predominio de casos poco activos, mientras que los de Honduras tuvieron predominio de casos muy activos. No se encontró relación entre el nivel de actividad física del escolar y el grado de disfrute o de autoeficacia por la actividad. Tampoco se observaron diferencias en estas variables, entre niños y niñas ni entre países, salvo en el disfrute, que fue mayor en la muestra escolar de Costa Rica. Como conclusiones, el estudiantado poco activo predomina en general. El nivel de actividad física de esta muestra depende del sexo y del país de procedencia, pero no se explica por el grado de autoeficacia ni de disfrute de la actividad, en contraposición con estudios previos. Las restricciones derivadas de la pandemia por COVID-19 podrían explicar en parte, los bajos niveles de actividad física reportados por el estudiantado.

The environmental noise generated in the surroundings of educational institutions, depending on its intensity, can affect to a greater or lesser extent the teaching-learning process, both for students and teachers. This research attempts to analyze this effect measured through the perception of Generation Z in the city of Guayaquil, and aimedto develop a mitigation plan from two perspectives: from Citizen Participation and Educational Centers. The information was collected through multiple response surveys, a convenience sampling of 452 individuals; bivariate tables and pyramidal graphs were used for analysis, revealing the perception of young people as users of the educational service and their discomfort with the noise generated both inside and outside the institutions. Finally, amitigation plan and implementation schedule is proposed for the Citizen Participation as a generator of noise and as relatives of those affected; and Educational Centers as affected entities and place where teachers and students are located. Young people are willing to be agents of change, so we must take advantage of this predisposition, creating activities that actively involve them, and even more, we can achieve a message for young people given by young people, so that it is clear, direct, and has the desired effects of change., El ruido ambiental que se genera en los alrededores de las instituciones de educación, dependiendo de su intensidad puede afectar en mayor o menor medida el proceso enseñanza aprendizaje, tanto para los alumnos como para los docentes. Esta investigación intenta analizar dicha afectación medida por medio de la percepción de la Generación Z en la ciudad de Guayaquil, y tuvo como objetivo desarrollar un plan de mitigación desde dos perspectivas: desde la Participación Ciudadana y Centros Educativos. La información fue recolectada por medio de encuestas de respuestas múltiples, se realizó un muestreo por conveniencia a 452 individuos; para su análisis se utilizaron tablas bivariadas y gráficas piramidales, dando a conocer la percepción de los jóvenes como usuarios del servicio educativo y sus molestias con el ruido que se genera tanto dentro como fuera de las Instituciones. Finalmente se propone un plan de mitigación y cronograma de implementación dirigido a la Participación Ciudadana como ente generador de ruido y como familiares de los afectador; y Centros Educativos como entes afectados y lugar donde están los docentes y alumnos. Los jóvenes están dispuestos a ser agentes del cambio, por lo que se debe de aprovechar esta predisposición, creando actividades que los involucre activamente, y más aún se puede lograr un mensaje para los jóvenes dado por los jóvenes; de forma que este sea claro, directo, y tenga los efectos de cambios deseados.

Integración de la Granja Docente de Veterinaria en las actividades prácticas del Grado en Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos; creación de una plataforma virtual como herramienta de coordinación de la producción-elaboración y comercialización de productos.

The COVID-19 pandemic that has hit the world since the end of 2019 brought with it not only effects on people's health, but also problems and challenges in the social, political, cultural and economic fields. The management of companies and their economic profitability during this period is the subject of this work, although the challenges assumed have been disruptions that businesses experienced in their management processes. That is why a large number of businesses were forced to close due to the complexity of this phenomenon. The objective is to analyze the management of the private company in Ecuador and its financial profitability in times of COVID-19. The scope of the research is exploratory, with a non-experimental design and the approach is qualitative. The study was divided into two stages: a documentary review of the subject in question was carried out and the application of surveys to managers and workers of private companies located in Guayaquil to know their considerations on the phenomenon analyzed. The results obtained refer to the fact that during the post-COVID-19 period, many private companies were forced to close as a result of the difficult conditions to operate, as a result of social confinement, especially those whose business name is the provision of face-to-face services to the population. . In the same way, the companies that were able to continue operating had to modify their processes and forms of operation to overcome the situation, many of which integrated information technologies., La pandemia por COVID-19 que ha azotado al mundo desde finales de 2019 trajo consigo no solo afectaciones a la salud de las personas, sino problemas y retos en los ámbitos sociales, políticos, culturales y económicos. La gestión de las empresas y su rentabilidad económica durante este periodo es el tema que ocupa el presente trabajo, si bien los desafíos asumidos han sido disrupciones que los negocios experimentaron en sus procesos de administración. Es por ello que un elevado número de comercios se vieron obligados a cerrar por la complejidad de dicho fenómeno. El objetivo es analizar la gestión de la empresa privada del Ecuador y su rentabilidad financiera en época de COVID-19. El alcance de la investigación es exploratorio, con un diseño no experimental y el enfoque es cualitativo. El estudio se dividió en dos etapas: se realizó una revisión documental de la temática en cuestión y la aplicación de encuestas a directivos y trabajadores de empresas privadas radicadas en Guayaquil para conocer sus consideraciones sobre el fenómeno analizado. Los resultados arrojados refieren que durante el periodo postCOVID-19 muchas empresas privadas se vieron obligadas a cerrar como resultado de las difíciles condiciones para operar, como resultado del confinamiento social, sobre todo aquellas que su razón social es la prestación de servicios presenciales a la población. Del mismo modo, las empresas que pudieron continuar operando, tuvieron que modificar sus procesos y formas de operación para sobreponerse a la situación, muchas de las cuales integraron las tecnologías de la información.

In the 21st century, the exploitation of natural resources, and within these, of non-renewable resources, has been a constant concern, due to the indiscriminate abuse that occurs in various regions of the planet. Its misuse would imply a natural imbalance that would affect the preservation of the species and of the human being on the planet, hence its efficient use is a subject under constant study. The objective of the research is to analyze the behavior of the exploitation of natural resources in Ecuador, as well as its impact on the development of a sustainable economy in the country. The study has an exploratory scope and is documentary, where a qualitative approach is used. In its exploration, the PRISMA methodology was used to enable depth in obtaining information. The results obtained allow us to affirm that in Ecuador the need to carry out an efficient exploitation of natural resources is understood, which guarantees human well-being, but under a sustainable approach and care for the environment. However, this desire has not been possible to fulfill in all its dimensions, as evidenced in the results obtained. Some of the aggravating factors of the existing scenario are globalization, the presence of a Western culture based on the consumer economy, as well as capitalization and commodification that are increasingly latent and lacking in ethical principles that endanger the natural balance., En el siglo XXI la explotación de los recursos naturales, y dentro de estos, de los recursos no renovables, ha sido una preocupación constante, por el abuso indiscriminado que se le da en varias regiones del planeta. Su mala utilización implicaría un desequilibrio natural que afectaría la preservación de las especies y del propio ser humano en el planeta, de ahí que su uso eficiente es un tema en constante estudio. El objetivo de la investigación es analizar el comportamiento que tiene la explotación de los recursos naturales en el Ecuador, así como su incidencia en el desarrollo de una economía sostenible en el país. El estudio tiene un alcance exploratorio y es de tipo documental, donde se utiliza un enfoque cualitativo. En su exploración fue empleada la metodología PRISMA para posibilitar la profundidad en la obtención de la información. Los resultados obtenidos permiten afirmar que en el Ecuador se comprende la necesidad de llevar a cabo una explotación eficiente de los recursos naturales, que garantice el bienestar humano, pero bajo un enfoque sostenible y de cuidado del medio ambiente. Sin embargo, este afán no ha sido posible cumplir en toda su dimensión, como se evidencia en los resultados obtenidos. Algunas de las agravantes del escenario existente lo constituyen la globalización, la presencia de una cultura occidental basada en la economía de consumo, así como de una capitalización y mercantilización cada día más latente y carente de principios éticos que pone en peligro el equilibrio natural.

The emergence of COVID-19 in world society caused unprecedented effects. The countries found themselves in the midst of complex health and shortage situations, which showed that no one was prepared for an event of this nature. One of the many affected was the small and medium-sized company, which saw how the attacks of the pandemic had a high negative impact on its economy and finances. The objective of the research is to analyze the economic and financial impact of small and medium-sized companies in Ecuador in the post-pandemic stage. The study had a quantitative approach and an explanatory scope. A questionnaire was applied to workers in the sector, for a defined sample of n=219 subjects. The statistical package SPSS was used to carry out the analyses, where it was shown that the post-pandemic stage had a statistically significant and negative impact on the economic-financial performance of small and medium-sized companies, with a marked negative linear correlation between the two. analyzed variables. In addition, it was found that this sector was the most vulnerable and affected economically, for which many closed indefinitely and others went bankrupt, generating a high rate of local unemployment. Based on the results, it can be concluded that in Ecuador, small and medium-sized companies are a fundamental dynamic component of the economy and generator of a large number of jobs, so together with the delicate health situation of people, the loss of jobs plunged the country into real chaos., La irrupción del COVID-19 en la sociedad mundial causó afectaciones sin precedentes. Los países se vieron en medio de complejas situaciones sanitarias y de desabastecimiento, las cuales demostraron que nadie estaba preparado para un evento de esta naturaleza. Uno de tantos afectados fue la pequeña y mediana empresa, la cual vio como los embates de la pandemia tuvieron un impacto negativo elevado en su economía y finanzas. El objetivo de la investigación es analizar el impacto económico y financiero de las pequeñas y medianas empresas del Ecuador en etapa post-pandemia. El estudio tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo y un alcance explicativo. Se aplicó un cuestionario a trabajadores del sector, para una muestra definida de n=219 sujetos. Se empleó el paquete estadístico SPSS para llevar a cabo los análisis, donde se demostró que la etapa post-pandemia tuvo un impacto estadísticamente significativo y negativo en el desempeño económico-financiero de las pequeñas y medianas empresas, con una correlación lineal negativa marcada entre ambas variables analizadas. Además, se constató que dicho sector fue el más desprotegido y afectado en materia económica, por lo que muchos cerraron indefinidamente y otros quebraron, generando un elevado índice de desempleo local. Con base en los resultados se puede concluir que en el Ecuador las pequeñas y medianas empresas son un componente dinamizador fundamental de la economía y generador de un elevado número de empleos, por lo que unido a la delicada situación de salud de las personas, la pérdida de los empleos sumió en un verdadero caos al país.

This article reflects on the importance of the philosophical education of teachers in the light of Deweyan pragmatism.For Dewey, the educator occupies a privileged place, since he is the principal agent of human growth and democratic social progress, which requires, for his part, constant reflection on the ends and the means that direct his practices.Since the growth of experience is achieved through participation, one of the key objectives of the teaching task is to enhance the habits that allow the collaboration of women and men of different ethnicities.Dewey invites to reflect on the importance of the philosophical formation of teachers to guide education towards moral and socialends, which is indispensable for a regeneration., En este artículo se reflexiona sobre la importancia de la formación filosófica del profesorado a la luz del pragmatismo deweyano. El educador ocupa para Dewey un lugar privilegiado, pues es el agente principal del crecimiento humano y del progreso social democrático, lo que requiere, por su parte, una reflexión constante acerca de los fines y los medios que dirigen sus prácticas. Puesto que el crecimiento de la experiencia se logra a través de la participación, uno de los objetivos clave de la tarea docente es potenciar los hábitos que permitan la colaboración de mujeres y varones de distintas etnias. Dewey invita a reflexionar sobre la importancia de la formación filosófica del profesorado para guiar la educación hacia fines morales y sociales, lo que es indispensable para una regeneración educativa y democrática.

The objective of the study was to compare the effect of the intervention called Escuelas Promotoras de Paz towards the self-efficacy of students in two schools in Central American countries, Honduras and Nicaragua. The participants in this study were 216 schoolchildren, (n = 108 in each country) between ages 8 and 13 (10.49 ± 0,95 years of age). The self-efficacy questionnaire towards physical activity was administered to the participants (Aedo & Ávila, 2009). In this intervention, the Ecological Model was used based on physical education classes twice a week; active and organized recesses were developed with social support to promote physical activity for students. It was found that Honduran schoolchildren had a worse perception of self-efficacy than Nicaraguan students. It was also evidenced that girls, regardless of their country, presented better self-efficacy than boys, perceiving themselves to be more successful when doing the physical activities included in the intervention. The perceived self-efficacy of boys decreased over the course of the study, while girls remained stable or tended to improve their self-efficacy. Future studies should consider the differentiated response by sex in this variable to generate more effective interventions., El objetivo del estudio fue comparar el efecto de la intervención Escuelas Promotoras de Paz sobre la autoeficacia hacia la actividad física de estudiantes en dos escuelas de países centroamericanos: Honduras y Nicaragua. Las personas participantes de este estudio fueron 216 escolares (n = 108 en cada país), de edades entre 8 y 13 años (10,49 ± 0,95 años). Se aplicó el cuestionario de autoeficacia hacia la actividad física en estudiantes (Aedo y Ávila, 2009). En esta intervención se utilizó el Modelo Ecológico, basado en clases de educación física dos veces por semana, recreos activos y apoyo social, para promover la actividad física del estudiantado. Se encontró que las personas escolares de Honduras tuvieron peor percepción de autoeficacia que el estudiantado de Nicaragua. También se evidenció que las niñas indistintamente de su país presentaron mejor autoeficacia que los niños, lo que aumenta las experiencias exitosas a la hora de hacer las actividades físicas incluidas en la intervención. La autoeficacia percibida de los niños disminuyó en el transcurso del estudio, mientras que las niñas mantuvieron estable o tendieron a mejorar su autoeficacia. Futuros estudios deben considerar la respuesta diferenciada por sexo en esta variable, para generar intervenciones más efectivas.

On 15 September 2021 , during one of the experimen tal bottom trawls, ca rried out at a speed of 3.5 knot, SGB noticed a medium-sized dark petrel. It was feeding on discards from the fishing operation in the company of Northern Fulmars, Sooty Shearwaters, Great Shearwaters, Northern Gannets and Lesser Black-backed Gulls Larus fuscus. SGB identified it as White-chinned Petrel Procellaria aequinoctialis and took severa l photographs during the two hours that it spent around the vessel. It was seen by three more members of the scientific team. The initial observation took p lace at 14:48 UTC at position 52°27.45'N and 14°00.38'W, c 240 km off western Ireland, water depth 303 m. The conditions were 3-4 m swell, a 20 knot south w ind and 100% cloudy sky.

Elasmobranchs are marine vertebrates with a global decline in catches due to overfishing (2). Skates and rays have particular biological characteristics including large sizes, slow growth, late reproduction and low fecundity, which increase vulnerability to fisheries (4). They present a high morphological variability during their growth, which makes a correct identification difficult; there is scientific evidence of misidentifications and mixtures of species, which prevents a proper fisheries management. In fisheries management it is very useful to combine morphological and molecular techniques for the unequivocal identification of species. The EU has established a landing ban on the common skate, Dipturus batis, which inhabits the Northeast Atlantic, and it is currently listed as "critically endangered" by the IUCN (1) due to overfishing (6). In addition, there is currently a great controversy surrounding the taxonomic confusion of this skate, since this species was considered in the literature as a single species, being in fact a complex of species formed by the provisionally named Dipturus batis and Dipturus intermedia (3, 5, 6). The aim of this study is to combine morphometric and molecular analyses for the correct identification. For the analyses, samples of Dipturus batis, Dipturus oxyrinchus and Dipturus nidarosiensis were taken. Type entire specimens were storage for morphometric analysis, and muscle samples preserved in absolute alcohol for genetic analysis. Twenty-nine morphometric measurements were taken from each type specimen and DNA extraction on muscle and amplification of two mitochondrial, genes were performed, a Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) fragment (aprox. 600pb) and a 16S fragment (aprox. 500pb). Identification was made through the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool of GenBank. According to the preliminary results obtained from the analysis of the sequences, this would correspond mainly to D. batis.

The authors introduce Emma Goldman and John Dewey and translate into Spanish three letters between them from 1938, focused on the role of the Communist Party in Russia and in the Spanish civil war., Los autores introducen a Emma Goldman y a John Dewey y traducen al castellano tres cartas entre ellos del año 1938 centradas en el papel del Partido Comunista en Rusia y en la guerra civil española

An efficient gas-phase production of propylene oxide (PO) with noble metal-free catalysts could modify the industrial output of this valuable compound. We present a novel catalyst based on well-dispersed Ni nanoparticles loaded on a Ti-SiO2 support for the propylene epoxidation reaction using H2/O2 mixtures. XPS, High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), and UV–Vis corroborate both the small size of Ni particles and the excellent dispersion and incorporation of Ti as tetrahedral single site species into the silica framework. The catalytic results under steady-state conditions at low temperature (200 °C) show high PO selectivity (around 85%) with a substantial propylene conversion (over 6%) and excellent H2 efficiency (~37%) using only 0.5 wt% of Ni on Ti-SiO2 (Ti/Si = 0.01 M ratio). In this work, we have also carried out a preliminary DFT study to gain understanding of the characteristics that make this nickel catalyst active and selective for the propene epoxidation reaction.