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This article aims to analyze the formation of kinship networks between free man and landed nobility and between them and their slaves at a rural parish of Rio de Janeiro in the midseventeenth century. We intend to show that the establishment of kinship relations between the families from landed nobility also reflected in the formation of networks of their captives, which had the scope of their relations limited by their masters. Horizontal networks between slave quarters belonging to allied families, and the vertical relationship between these individuals nobility and slaves not only consolidated consortia between noble but also ratified its status to the group and its social legitimacy within the slaves, Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar a formação de redes de parentesco entre livres e nobres da terra e entre estes e suas escravarias numa freguesia rural do Rio de Janeiro em meados do seiscentos. Pretende-se demonstrar que o estabelecimento de relações de compadrio entre famílias da nobreza da terra refletia-se também na conformação das redes de seus cativos, que acabavam por ter o alcance de suas relações limitadas pelas de seus senhores. As redes horizontais entre senzalas pertencentes a famílias aliadas e o parentesco vertical entre estes sujeitos da nobreza e escravos não apenas consolidava consórcios entre nobres como ratificava seu status perante o grupo e corroborava sua legitimidade social no interior das escravarias

Este artigo pretende analisar a formação e os mecanismos de reprodução de elites senhoriais na cidade do Rio de Janeiro setecentista, na Freguesia de São Gonçalo do Amarante. Esta formação é entendida enquanto processo possibilitado por estratégias sociais instituídas através de alianças políticas e redes clientelares estabelecidas nos interstícios entre a prática cotidiana e as normas sociais.

This article is about the relationship between place and people. The argument develops from a case study: the Camelódromo da Praça XV market place. The Camelódromo is a huge, spontaneous fair that occupied an important space in the centre of Porto Alegre/Brasil for 40 years. Self-organized and lived mainly by the lower classes, the phenomenon came to be a melting pot, where jamming and aesthetics made the way of being and acting in the street. Camelódromo developed into a complex social system; a web of conversations, gestures, routines, technologies and history, a culture. Ironically, in the beginning of 2009, the camelôs were swept from the street, and transferred to a building. Here, we look into articulating studies of the Systems Theory, with ideas from urbanism, arts and communication. The argumentation looks into recognizing the positive human complexity of these spontaneous manifestations, so characteristic of the contemporary urban scene., Este trabalho trata da relação de um lugar com suas pessoas. A reflexão acontece a partir de um estudo de caso: o Camelódromo da Praça XV. O Camelódromo foi uma grande feira, que durante 40 anos ocupou um espaço importante no centro de Porto Alegre/RS. (Auto) organizado e vivido principalmente pelo povo, o fenômeno se configurava em um lugar onde improviso e estética constituiam o modo de ser e agir no cotidiano da rua. Ironicamente, no início de 2009, o Camelódromo foi transferido para dentro de um prédio. Hoje, onde se desenrolava o espetáculo do imprevisível, encontra-se um estacionamento para carros. Este trabalho foi produzido nos últimos meses do Camelódromo; em um espírito de elogio à estética do improviso e à auto-organização. Buscamos articular idéias da teoria da complexidade, do urbanismo, das artes e da comunicação, para tentar compreender um pouco essa manifestação espontânea, tão característica da urbe no século XXI., El presente artículo explora la relación de un sitio con las personas. La argumentación se desarrolla con un estudio de caso: el mercado callejero Camelódromo da Praça XV. El Camelódromo ha sido una gran feria, espontánea, que durante 40 años ocupó un espacio clave en el Centro de Porto Alegre/Brasil. Auto-organizada y vivenciada mayoritariamente por el pueblo, el fenómeno se configuró como un espacio donde improviso y estética caracterizaban el modo de ser y actuar, en el cotidiano intenso de la calle. Ha sido, por tanto, un sistema social complejo; una cultura. Irónicamente, hoy, los ambulantes están en un sitio cerrado: el Centro Popular de Compras. Así, buscamos articular pensamientos de la teoría de la complexidad, con el urbanismo, artes y comunicación. La argumentación tiene en vista el reconocimiento de la cultura, de la estética y de la complejidad humana de las dichas manifestaciones espontáneas, tan características de la urbe contemporánea.

SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

During the 5-year period, 1997-2001, 1700 patients with a clinical diagnosis of Mycobacterium ulcerans disease [Buruli ulcer (BU)] were treated at the Centre Sanitaire et Nutritionnel Gbemoten, Zagnanado, Benin. The patients lived in the four regions of southern Benin: Atlantique, Mono, Oueme and Zou, with the largest number coming from the Zou Region where the centre is located. The median age of BU patients was 15 years (q1 = 7, q3 = 30). Lower limbs are involved 3.2 times more frequently than upper limbs in older patients and younger patients have the highest prevalence of multiple lesions. The latter are frequently associated with bone lesions. Specific detection rates for age and gender showed a distribution with maximum peaks in the 10-14 years group and among adults between 75 and 79 years. Over 59 years, males are more at risk of developing M. ulcerans disease than females. Children under 15 years represent the largest part of the BU disease burden and of the general population. The highest detection rates (per 100 000 population) were in the 75-79-year-old patients. The most likely explanation of this was reactivation of disease from a latent infection of M. ulcerans. Educational programmes should target especially these two groups of population at risk., SCOPUS: ar.j, FLWIN, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Data from 1,700 patients living in southern Benin were collected at the Centre Sanitaire et Nutritionnel Gbemoten, Zagnanado, Benin, from 1997 through 2001. In the Zou region in 1999, Buruli ulcer (BU) had a higher detection rate (21.5/100,000) than leprosy (13.4/100,000) and tuberculosis (20.0/100,000). More than 13% of the patients had osteomyelitis. Delay in seeking treatment declined from 4 months in 1989 to 1 month in 2001, and median hospitalization time decreased from 9 months in 1989 to 1 month in 2001. This reduction is attributed, in part, to implementing an international cooperation program, creating a national BU program, and making advances in patient care., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

We compared various diagnostic tests for their abilities to detect Mycobacterium ulcerans infection in specimens from patients with clinically active disease. Specimens from 10 patients from the area of Zangnanado (Department of Zou, Benin) with advanced, ulcerated active M. ulcerans infectious were studied by direct smear, histopathology, culture, PCR, and oligonucleotide-specific capture plate hybridization (OSCPH). A total of 27 specimens, including 12 swabs of exudate collected before debridement and 15 fragments of tissue obtained during debridement, were submitted to bacteriologic and histopathologic analysis. The histopathologic evaluation of tissues from all six patients so tested revealed changes typical of those caused by M. ulcerans infection. Five specimens were contaminated, and M. ulcerans was cultivated on Lowenstein-Jensen medium from 12 of the remaining 22 (54.5%) specimens. Detection of mycobacteria was performed by PCR, and M. ulcerans was detected by OSCPH with a new probe (5'-CACGGGATTCATGTCCTGT-3') reacting with M. ulcerans and Mycobacterium marinum. In 10 of 22 (45.5%) specimens, M. ulcerans was identified by PCR-OSCPH. There was no statistically significant difference between the detection of M. ulcerans by culture and by PCR-OSCPH (P > 0.05). This is the first demonstration of an amplification system (PCR-OSCPH) with a sensitivity similar to that of culture for the direct and rapid recognition of M. ulcerans in clinical specimens. This system is capable of identifying M. ulcerans, even in paucibacillary lesions. Our findings suggest that PCR-OSCPH should be used in the quest for the elusive environmental reservoir(s) of M. ulcerans., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published