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Resumen Introducción: Los Tephritoidea, como grupo, tienen un impacto ecológico porque se alimentan de hongos, insectos, flores, frutas en descomposición, excrementos, sudor, nódulos de raíces, carroña (incluidos cadáveres humanos) y otros materiales en descomposición. Las moscas de la fruta son insectos de gran importancia en la agricultura y la investigación genética. En Colombia existen 58 géneros y 224 especies, pero no existe un estudio general del grupo en la Orinoquía colombiana. Objetivo: Caracterizar las comunidades de Tephritoidea (aspectos taxonómicos y ecológicos) y aportar información básica de las especies de importancia económica en la Orinoquía colombiana. Métodos: Semanalmente desde agosto 2017 hasta febrero 2018 recolectamos moscas de la fruta en trampas McPhail cebadas con proteína de maíz, en un huerto doméstico y un fragmento de bosque en Arauca, y también en Saravena, Orinoquía, Colombia. Resultados: Identificamos 27 especies (12 Tephritidae, 11 Richardiidae y 4 Lonchaeidae), nueve de ellas plagas agrícolas. Euarestopsis paupera, Hemixantha lutea, Melanoloma affinis, Melanoloma cyanogaster, Melanoloma varians y Sepsisoma anale se reportan por primera vez para Colombia. Se calcularon los índices de diversidad para las comunidades estudiadas, encontrando diferencias entre las localidades y ambiente. Se discute la influencia de las condiciones ambientales sobre la variabilidad encontrada. Se encontraron nueve especies de moscas consideradas como plagas de producciones agrícolas y para estas especies se estudió su relación con plantas hospederas y la dinámica poblacional. Conclusiones: Seis meses de muestreo produjeron varios primeros registros, lo que sugiere que la fauna de Tephritoidea está submuestreada en la región. La temporada de lluvias y las actividades humanas se correlacionan con la diversidad y abundancia de especies en la Orinoquía colombiana. Abstract Introduction: The Tephritoidea as a group, have an ecological impact because they feed on fungi, insects, flowers, decaying fruit, excrement, sweat, root nodules, carrion (including human corpses), and other decomposing materials. The fruit-flies are insects of great importance in agriculture and genetic research. In Colombia, there are 58 genera and 224 species, but there is no general study of the group in the savannas of Orinoquía. Objective: To characterize the Tephritoidea communities (taxonomic and ecological aspects) and to provide basic information about the economically important species in the Colombian Orinoquía. Methods: Weekly from August 2017 to February 2018 we collected flies from fruits and McPhail traps baited with corn protein, in a domestic orchard and a forest fragment in Arauca, and also in Saravena, Orinoquía, Colombia. Results: We identified 27 species (12 Tephritidae, 11 Richardiidae and 4 Lonchaeidae), nine of them agricultural pests. Euarestopsis paupera, Hemixantha lutea, Melanoloma affinis, Melanoloma cyanogaster, Melanoloma varians and Sepsisoma anale are reported for the first time from Colombia. A diversity index was calculated for studied communities, being differences between localities and sites. Influence of climatic conditions over variability was found and is discussed. Nine species of fruit flies, which are considered agricultural pests, were identified. For these species their relationship with host plants and population dynamics were studied. Conclusions: Six months of sampling produced several first reports, suggesting that the fauna of Tephritoidea is undersampled in the region. The rainy season, and human activities, correlate with species diversity and abundance in the Colombian Orinoquía.

Introduction: Tephritoidea from Colombia are represented by 58 genera and 224 species. In the East of Colombia there is a vast plains region commonly named Orinoquía, belonging to the biogeographic province of Sabana. Despite it biodiversity richness, there are a lack of surveys of insect diversity and there are not systematic collections of flies from Tephritoidea. Objective: The goal of this project was to characterize the Tephritoidea communities (taxonomy and ecological aspects) collected using Multilure traps (McPhail type) baited with hydrolyzed corn protein and to provide information about the economically important species by collecting possible host fruits in two municipalities of the Colombian Orinoquía, Arauca and Saravena (Department of Arauca). Methods: Two sites were sampled in each municipality, a domestic orchard and a forest fragment. Flies were caught weekly from traps or fruits and surveys were carried out from August/2017 to February/2018. Results: A total of 27 species were obtained, twelve of them belonging to family Tephritidae, four to Lonchaeidae and eleven to Richardiidae, six species are new reports from Colombia and seven from the Orinoquia. Diversity index were calculated for studied communities, being diferents between municipalities and areas. Influence of climatic conditions over variability is discussed. Nine species of fruit flies, that are considered agricultural pests, were found. For these species their relationship with host plants and population dynamic were studied. Conclusions: Anastrepha bezzii, Neotaracia imox, Xanthaciura chrysura, Neosilba batesi, Neosilba zadolicha, Lonchaea longicornis y Lonchaea sp. are reported first time from the department of Arauca and Euarestopsis paupera, Hemixantha lutea, Melanoloma affinis, Melanoloma cyanogaster, Melanoloma varians y Sepsisoma anale from Colombia. Climatic conditions affect diversity and abundance of species being favorable rainy season in driest areas and no rainy in the humid. Anthropic activities influence species diversity.

Based on the Model of Management of Technology (GT) for Information Units (UI) of the Universities of Medellín, the authors have selected and adapted a GT model that integrates the settings in which the academic IU operates in terms of its administrative tasks and its strategic and operational planning,specifying the components of each and the GT tools that make their interaction possible, in addition to measuring and controlling its development and applications to the various processes of the UI.This article presents a condensed report of this research project, in particular the results of the diagnostics of the UI belonging to institutions of higher education in Medellín, Colombia, the relation between the diagnostics and the model, the critical actors that may be obstacles for the GT in a UI. It also serves as a proposal for a system of management indicators for the GT processes.

Additional file 1. Summary of model parameters and equations.

Soils in old vineyards in southern Brazil have high copper accumulation due to fungicide applications over the years, which can affect physiology and growth of young grapevine plants. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) alleviate toxic effects of metals and increase photosynthesis and plant growth. We evaluated whether inoculation with Rhizophagus clarus (Rh) from a mining area or with a trap-culture-enriched AMF community (Tc) isolated from a high-copper vineyard soil, improved growth and photosynthesis in grapevine rootstocks planted in young (< 10 years) and old (> 60 years) vineyards soils of Vale da Uva Goethe, SC, Brazil. Mycorrhizal colonization was higher in grapevines installed in young vineyard soil than those planted in old vineyard soil. Plants grew more in the old vineyard soil than in the soil from a young vineyard, and that was related to plant nutrient concentration in the soil. In both soils, Tc-inoculated grapevines had higher photosynthetic activity, while those inoculated with R. clarus had higher carbon assimilation. In conclusion, grapevines showed a positive response to AMF inoculation in different soil conditions, and the native AMF community from high copper soils are promising for inoculation of grapevines., VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research, Vol. 59 No. 4 (2020): Vitis

Objective Early-stage ovarian cancer might represent an ideal disease scenario for sentinel lymph node application. Nevertheless, the published experience seems to be limited. Our objective was to assess the feasibility and safety concerns of sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with clinical stage I-II ovarian cancer. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study of 20 patients with histologically confirmed ovarian cancer.Tc-99m and indocyanine green were injected into both the utero-ovarian and infundibulopelvic ligament stump, if they were present, during surgical staging. An intraoperative gamma probe and near-infrared fluorescence imaging were used to detect the sentinel lymph nodes. Inclusion criteria included: >18 years of age, suspicious adnexal mass (unilateral or bilateral) at ultrasound and CT imaging or confirmed ovarian tumor after previous surgery (unilateral or bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with or without hysterectomy). Adverse events were recorded through postoperative day 30. The primary trial end point was to report adverse events related to the technique, including the use of(99m)Tc and ICG intraperitoneally, as well as the feasibility of the technique. Results A total of 20 patients were included in the analysis. Sentinel lymph nodes were detected in 14/15 (93%) pelvic and all 20 (100%) para-aortic regions. Five patients did not have utero-ovarian injection because of prior hysterectomy. The mean time from injection to sentinel lymph node resection was 53 +/- 15 min (range; 30-80). The mean number of harvested sentinel lymph nodes was 2.2 +/- 1.5 (range; 0-5) lymph nodes in the pelvis and 3.3 +/- 1.8 (range; 1-7) lymph nodes in the para-aortic region. There were no adverse intraoperative events, nor any within the 30 days of follow-up related with the technique. Conclusion Sentinel lymph node mapping in early-stage ovarian cancer is feasible without major intraoperative or < 30 days safety concerns. (NCT03452982).

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) frequently overexpress somatostatin receptors (SSTR) on their cell surface. The first-line pharmacological treatment for inoperable metastatic functioning well-differentiated NETs are somatostatin analogs. On second line, Lu-DOTA-TATE (Lu-177-DOTA(0)Tyr(3)octreotate) has shown stabilization of the disease and an increase in progression free survival, as well as effectiveness in controlling symptoms and increasing quality of life. The management of functional NETs before and during LU-DOTA-TATE treatment is specially challenging, as several complications such as severe carcinoid and catecholamine crisis have been described. The aim of this review is to establish practical guidance for the management and prevention of the most common hormonal crises during radionuclide treatment with Lu-DOTA-TATE: carcinoid syndrome (CS) and catecholamine hypersecretion, as well as to provide a brief commentary on other infrequent metabolic complications. To establish a practical approach, a systematic review was performed. This systematic review was developed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and conducted using MEDLINE (accessed from PubMed), Google Scholar and ClinicalTrials.gov. Literature searches found 449 citations, and finally nine were considered for this systematic review.

Se revisaron 56 ejemplares de mariposas de la familia Papilionidae colectados esporádicamente en el norte de la Orinoquia colombiana en municipios pertenecientes a los departamentos de Arauca, Norte de Santander y Casanare, en un rango altitudinal entre los 120 y 494 msnm. Los especímenes corresponden a tres géneros, siete especies y siete subespecies siendo las más abundantesBattus polydamas polydamasyParides eurimedes arriphuscon 15 y 12 individuos, respectivamente. Las siete especies identificadas corresponden al 11,5% de las 61 reportadas para Colombia y al 29,2% de las 24 especies de Papilionidae registradas para toda la región Orinoquia. A nivel regional la riqueza de Papilioniade en Arauca es igual a la reportada en una localidad en el Meta (siete sp.) y menor que la del departamento de Casanare (nueve sp.). Reportamos la ampliación de la distribución geográfica de cuatro subespecies a nivel regional. Fifty six specimens of Papilionidae butterflies were non-systematically collected and are documented from the northern part of the Colombian Orinoquia. Specifically, specimens were collected in Arauca, Casanare, and Norte de Santander departments in an altitudinal gradient between 120 and 494 m.a.s.l. The specimens belong to three genera, seven species and seven subspecies being the most abundantBattus polydamas polydamasandParides eurimedes arriphuswith fifteen and twelve individuals respectively. The seven species identified correspond to 11.5 % of the 61species reported to Colombia and 29.2% of the 24 species of this family registered for the whole Colombian Orinoco region. At regional scale, the species richness of Papilionidae in Arauca equals t reported in a locality of Meta department (seven sp.) and lesser than the department of Casanare (nine sp.). For four subspecies, the collection localities imply the enlargement of their previously reported geographical distribution, at regional spatial scale.

El síndrome de sobrecarga del cuidador de los adultos mayores es un estado de angustia que amenaza la salud física y mental por la dificultad persistente de cuidar a un familiar. Objetivo: identificar la prevalencia y factores asociados a sobrecarga en el cuidador primario de ancianos. Metodología: estudio descriptivo transversal, con 310 cuidadores principales de adultos mayores de 65 años y más de edad, seleccionados por muestreo aleatorio simple y entrevistados telefónicamente. Se calculó la prevalencia, Odds Ratio e intervalos de confianza del 95%. El procesamiento se realizó en stata 10.0, se calculó la prevalencia en el análisis univariado y se relacionó con características socio-demográficas y de salud del acompañado de la razón de disparidad con su intervalo de confianza, ajustados con regresión logística binaria. Resultados: la prevalencia de sobrecarga del cuidador en la ciudad de Medellín, fue de 12,17%, IC 95% [8,39-15,96] y sí se encontraron diferencias significativas en el número de horas diarias dedicadas al cuidado, entre los que presentaron síndrome y los que no. Conclusiones: como factores asociados se encontraron: edad y parentesco con el adulto mayor, número de hijos, horas diarias dedicadas al cuidado, estado de salud, abandono o disminución de actividad por el cuidado, las razones, necesidades y ayuda recibida de su familia; como factores de protección se identificó: independencia y el bueno o regular estado de salud del adulto mayor.