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Sidrap as a rice granary center in South Sulawesi, plays an active role in efforts to self-sufficiency in eastern Indonesian food in particular and NKRI in general. The efforts of integrated rice cultivation have been carried out as an effort to achieve national food independence. This paper discusses the population density of green leafhoppers, predatory insects, and other pests in the Inpari 36 rice crop as tungro (new released) varieties in endangered areas, the study was carried out in the experimental garden area of Tungro Disease Research, using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) 2 plot plots of plant varieties of 10 x 10 m2 with 4 replications. The most common adult green leafhopper (Nephotetic verescens) results in Inpari 36 varieties without bioprotector treatment. Natural predators that were fluctuated every week were dominant observations, namely: Agriocnemis spp, Micraspis sp, Conocephalus longipennis, Araenus inustus, Lycosa pseudoannulata, Oxyopes javanacus, and Tetraghenata maxilosa. While at 6-7 MST (weeks after planting) Ophionea nigrofasciata species appeared and in 7MST there were species of Anaxipa longipennis.

Agriocnemis femina (Brauer, 1868) and Ischnura senegalensis (Rambur, 1842) are two damselflies inhabiting paddy lands. As an intermediate predator, they play an important role in controlling certain crop pest and mosquitoes. In this study, we sequenced complete mitogenomes of these two species. The total length of mitogenomes is 15,936 bp in A. femina and 15,762 bp in I. senegalensis. Both of mitogenomes consist of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and one control region. The close relationship between I. senegalensis and I. elegans was further proved by phylogenetic analysis. Our phylogenetic analysis indicated a clear two lineages in Coenagrionidae (Core and ridge-faced Coenagrionidae). Ridge-faced Coenagrionidae consisted of Megaloprepus caerulatus and Ceriagrion fallax. In core Coenagrionidae, Ischnura and Enallagma are most closely related; they formed one clade with Agriocnemis and then grouped together with Paracerion. Our study provides new genetic information for further study in phylogenetic analysis of Coenagrionidae.

Belitung is known as the biggest tin mining in Indonesia. Besides that, Belitung also has a lot of biological resources, that is Odonata (dragonfly). The research was conducted in June 2018 by exploration in Belitung, particularly in Punai beach and Kerangas forest (ex-tin mining) area. There is found 17 type of dragonfly such as Ichtinogomphus decoratus., Macrogomphus sp., Orthetrum sabina., Nannophya pygmaea., Neurothemis fluctuans., Rhodothemis rufa., Rhyothemis phyllis., Urothnemis signata., Pseudagrion coomansi., Ceriagrion cerinorubellum., Acisoma panorpoides., Brachydiplax chalybea., Diplacodes nebulosa., Orthetrum pruinosum., Agriocnemis femina., Agriocnemis pygmaea., and Ischnura senegalensis. All species were conducted to find out the diversity using Shannon-Wiener index and resulting 2,77 index.

Agriocnemis femina femina (Brauer, 1868) Figs. 2, 5, 8, 37, 44, 48, 55, 59, 62, 64, 66, 68, 70–71 Agrion (Ischnura) femina Brauer (1868): 554 [Lectotype male, Luzon] Agriocnemis incisa Selys (1877): 149 [original description] Agriocnemis femina oryzae Lieftinck (1962): 44 [proposed subspecies]; Ishida (1996): 193, figs. 32, 269, 472, 853, 946, 1158 [larval description] Agriocnemis femina femina Lieftinck (1962): 37, 43, figs.11f–g, 13d–g [larval and caudal appendage illustration] Agriocnemis femina Fraser (1933): 402, figs. 172 [adult description]; Orr (2005): 44 Specimens examined. THAILAND: 2 reared specimens; 1 ♂, 7/IV/2015, Huai Khayeng (14 o 36′20′′ N, 98 o 34′38′′ E, altitude 206 m), Kanchanaburi province, T. Saetung leg.; 1 ♀ 18/I/ 2016, Kasetsart University (13°50′59″ N 100°34′26″ E, altitude 4.48 m), Bangkok province, T. Saetung leg. Diagnosis. The larvae of A. femina femina can be distinguished from known species based on the following combination of characteristics: 1) occiput with a few dark spots on the dorsal view (Fig. 62); 2) pronotum with protrusion on the posterolateral view, forming a triangular shape (Fig. 64); 3) margin of compound eyes with a row of few spiniform setae on the ventral view (Fig. 66) and 4) abdominal S3–S4 covered with short simple setae (Fig. 68)., Published as part of Saetung, Tosaphol & Boonsoong, Boonsatien, 2019, A review of genus Agriocnemis larva (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) from Thailand including a description of the final stadium larva of Agriocnemis minima Selys, 1877 with supporting molecular (COI) data, pp. 579-599 in Zootaxa 4711 (3) on page 581, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.3.9, http://zenodo.org/record/3586717, {"references":["Brauer, F. (1868) Dritter Bericht uber die von Herrn G. Semper mitgetheilten, von dessen Bruder auf den Philippinen gesammelten Neuropteren und Beschreibung einer neuen Libellen-Gattung. Verhandlungen der K. K. zoologisch - botanischen Gesellschaft, 18, 541 - 558. [in German]","Lieftinck, M. A. (1962) Insects of Micronesia Odonata. Insects of Micronesia, 5, 1 - 95.","Ishida, K. (1996) Monograph of Odonata larvae in Japan. Hokkaido University Press, Sapporo, 446 pp."]}

The larva of Agriocnemis minima Selys, 1879 is described and illustrated for the first time, based on reared specimens collected from Thailand. Selected larvae of Agrioncnemis Selys, 1877 were matched with their adults by DNA barcoding. The mitochondrial COI gene (658 bp) of three species (A. minima, A. femina femina (Brauer, 1868), and A. pygmaea (Rambur, 1842)) occurring in Thailand was analysed to confirm the species identification and to determine the association between the larva and adult stages. The larva of A. minima can be distinguished from known species by the following combination of characteristics: 1) long simple setae on the antennomeres I and II, 2) protrusion of the male cerci as long as 0.5× the S10, and 3) tufts of spiniform setae on the lateral occiput margin and on the ventral view of the compound eyes. Comparisons to known larvae of Agriocnemis and those of some other subfamily Agriocnemidinae members are also provided.

Agriocnemis minima Selys, 1877 Figs. 3, 6, 9–37, 42–43, 46, 56, 61, 74–75 Agriocnemis minima Selys (1877): 50 [Holotype male, Java] Specimens examined. THAILAND, 4 reared specimens: 1 ♂ and 1 ♀, 12/III/2017, Kasetsart University (13°50′59″ N 100°34′26″ E, altitude 4.48 m), Bangkok province, T. Saetung leg.; 1 ♂ and 1 ♀, 28/IV/2018, Ban Na district (14°16′41′′ N, 101°00′57′′ E, altitude 8.6 m), Nakhon Nayok province, T. Saetung leg.; 10 last stadium larvae: 1 ♂, 22/ V /2017, Khon Kean University (16 o 27′47.6′′ N, 102 o 48′33.5′′ E, altitude 173.1 m), Khon Kean province, S. Phlaingam leg.; 1 ♂ and 1 ♀, 4/VII/2015, Kasetsart University (13°50′59″ N 100°34′26″ E, altitude 4.48 m), Bangkok province, P. Senawong leg.; 1 ♂, 25/II/2018, Ban Nong Ket (12 o 57′18′′ N, 99 o 39′12′′ E, altitude 130.2 m), Phetchaburi province, T. Saetung leg.; 1 ♂ and 1 ♀, 22/XII/ 2017, Wat Singkhon Wararam (16 o 47′130′′ N, 99 o 39′12′′ E, altitude 134.6m), Tak province, T. Saetung leg.; 2 ♂♂ and 2 ♀♀, 28/IV/2018, Ban Na district (14 o 16′41′′ N, 101 o 00′57′′ E, altitude 8.6 m), Nakhon Nayok province, T. Saetung & P. Sompan leg. Description of the male larva. Larvae small, body very slender, (Fig. 10) coloration yellowish. Head: Head almost pentagonal, wider than 1.5 × head length (Figs. 13–16). Labrum: distal half covered with sparse small simple setae, anterior margin flattened ventrally with sparse long simple setae. Clypeus with sparse small simple setae; frons and vertex are glabrous with three prominent ocelli. Concave occiput with tufts of simple setae on lateral occiput margin near the margin of compound eyes (Fig. 17). Postocular lobes curvilinear in outline with several scattered spiniform setae; posterolateral corner almost round. Compound eyes narrow and rounded, protruding on lateral side, with tufts of spiniform setae near the margin of compound eyes in ventral view (Fig. 18). Antennae (Fig. 19); filiform, longer than 1.15 × head length, 7 segmented, filiform, with A3 the longest; relative length of antennomeres 1.0 (0.25 mm):1.03: 1.17: 0.97: 0.73: 0.53: 0.32, A2 and A3 with long simple setae. Labium (Fig. 20); articulation of prementum and postmentum extended at level of middle coxae of foreleg; prementum with 4 pairs of premental setae, a row of 8 spiniform setae along the distal half of lateral margins, laterodistal margin with 1 strong spiniform seta and a prominent spoon-shaped ligula with 47 minute spiniform setae along the margin (Fig. 21); sub-quadrangular postmentum with several simple setae on ventral side; labial palp (Fig. 22) as long as 0.45 × prementum length, with five palpal setae on each side; apical lobe ending with two lobes; forming a truncate, denticulate lobe with 4 distinct teeth and 1 small tooth and end hook, a movable hook slender and pointed and approximately 0.51 × as long as palp length. Maxilla (Figs. 23–24); galeolacinia with 6 teeth, apical tooth the largest, three dorsal teeth of the approximately same size with 6 long serrate carpus setae, and three ventral teeth of different sizes with 3 simple setae and 8 serrate carpus setae. Mandible (Figs. 25–26); well-developed long teeth on each incisor lobe, without a molar crest; left mandible with five incisor teeth, two molar teeth (a = b); right mandible with five incisor, single molar teeth, one addition tooth, following mandibular formula: L 1+1’234 0 a b/ R 1+1’234 y a. Thorax: Narrower than the head, middle lobe of prothorax with a shallow groove in middle; pronotum approximately hexagonal, with scattered simple setae, lateral margins almost rounded, pronotal disc smooth. Synthorax mostly glabrous, wing pads parallel, mostly pale; anterior and posterior wing pads reaching almost S4. Legs (Figs. 27–29); almost flat and long; femora thin with a dark band on the posterior side and scattered simple setae, hind femora as long as the 1.61 × length of fore and mid femora. Tibia comb with scattered tridentate setae, a few simple setae (Fig. 30). Tarsi with two row of tridentate setae, tarsal formula 3-3-3, with 2 simple claws and pulvilliform empodium. Abdomen: Slender and cylindrical, narrowed caudally, abdominal terga with scattered simple setae, few spiniform setae and longitudinal pale band along the midline of each segment. Posterior margins with a few dark-brown spots. Abdominal sterna with a dark stripe along the midline with a distinct network of tracheoles, scattered simple setae and spiniform setae. Male gonapophyses (Figs. 32, 33); poorly developed, sharply pointed, widely divergent in ventral view. Male cerci (Figs. 31–33); prolate sub-spheroid shape, concave on inner surface and rounded tip. Caudal lamellae transparent, of denudate vertical lamella type, with an irregular rounded tip and wider in the distal half, with 5 irregular transverse bands of chocolate-brown pigment. Well-developed tracheation with a median trachea with secondary and tertiary branches. Median gill (Fig. 46a); with 6 long simple setae on dorsal margin and 6 sparse simple setae on ventral margin; lateromedial carinae with 5 spiniform setae. Lateral gills (Fig. 46b); with rows of 10 spiniform setae on anterodorsal margin and 5 sparse simple setae on ventral margin; lateromedial carinae with 6 spiniform setae. Description of the female larva. As male, unless otherwise stated. Female gonapophyses; with lateral valves slightly divergent, tips sharply pointed, lateral valves extending to posterior margin of S10, a row of setae along ventral margin; central valves slender, apically rounded, and slightly shorter than lateral valves (Figs. 35–36). Female cerci (Figs. 34–36); with a small cone and blunted tip. Larval morphological variation. Both reared and molecular specimens exhibit some variation. Coloration varied, pale yellowish-cream to yellowish-brown or greenish-yellow (Figs. 11–12). Articulation of prementum and postmentum extended at level of middle coxae of foreleg up to anterior coxae of midleg. Prementum with 4 pairs of premental setae (if three, with one short seta), denticulate lobe of labial palp with 4 distinct teeth, 1–2 small teeth, and a row of 6–9 spiniform setae along the distal half of lateral margins, laterodistal margin with 1–2 strong spiniform setae and a prominent spoon-shaped ligula with 37–46 minute spiniform setae along the margin. Anterior and posterior wing pads reaching half of S3 to almost S5. Caudal lamellae with an irregular rounded tip and acute tip, half with 3–5 irregular transverse bands of chocolate-brown pigment. Median gill with 4–8 long simple setae on dorsal margin and 4–8 sparse simple setae on ventral margin; lateromedial carinae with 4–8 spiniform setae. Lateral gills with rows of 9–15 spiniform setae on anterodorsal margin and 1–8 sparse simple setae on ventral margin; lateromedial carinae with 4–8 spiniform setae. Female gonapophysis; lateral valves extending to posterior margin of S9 up to S10. Measurements. (in mm; n =10): total length of body without caudal lamellae = 8.11–11.61; length of caudal lamellae = 3.00–6.10; width of head = 1.44–2.30; length of antenna = 1.34–1.58; width and length of prementum =1.16–1.44 and 1.28–1.60; length of labial palp = 0.54–0.80; length of movable hook = 0.24–0.40; length of inner and outer wing pads = 1.64–3.07 and 1.50–2.83; length of femora (fore: mid: hind) = 0.70–1.53: 0.96–1.78: 1.10–2.13; length of tibiae (fore: mid: hind) = 0.82–1.60: 0.92–1.83: 1.04–2.13; length of tarsi (fore: mid: hind) = 0.44–1.00: 0.44–0.76: 0.50–0.77. Molecular analysis. The COI tree (658 bp) strongly supported the formation of a monophyletic clade by the larvae and the adult Agriocnemis minima, as well as with A. femina femina and A. pygmaea (PP = 1) (Fig. 37). Agriocnemis minima also forms a sister group with A. femina femina and A. pygmaea. The uncorrected pairwise genetic distances among the three species of Agriocnemis in Thailand are shown in Table 2. The intraspecific genetic distance ranged from 0.2% to1.9%, whereas the interspecific genetic distance ranged from 11.3% to 18.9%. Biological notes. The larvae of Agriocnemis minima inhabit many habitats of lentic waters, such as marshy ponds with vegetation, paddy fields and pools of streams (Figs. 38–41). They are usually found together with other damselfly species (Argiocnemis rubescens Selys, 1877, Pseudagrion microcephalum (Rambur, 1842), P. australasiae Selys, 1876, P. rubriceps Selys, 1876, Ceriagrion auranticum Fraser, 1922, C. chaoi Schmidt, 1964, C. cerinobellum (Brauer, 1865), Pseudocopera cilliata (Selys, 1863), and Ischnura senegalensis (Rambur, 1842)). We found adults of all three Agriocnemis species in these habitats (Figs. 42–45)., Published as part of Saetung, Tosaphol & Boonsoong, Boonsatien, 2019, A review of genus Agriocnemis larva (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) from Thailand including a description of the final stadium larva of Agriocnemis minima Selys, 1877 with supporting molecular (COI) data, pp. 579-599 in Zootaxa 4711 (3) on pages 586-594, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.3.9, http://zenodo.org/record/3586717, {"references":["Chowdhury, S. H. & Miah, M. I. (1990) Descriptions of four zygopteran larvae from the Chittagong University Campus. Chittagong University Studies Part II Science, 14 (1), 127 - 136.","Kumar, A. & Prasad, M. (1978) On a new species of Agriocnemis Selys, 1869 (Coenagrionidae: Odonata) with description of its larva from Dehra Dun Valley, India. The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 75, 174 - 179.","Di Domenico, M., Samways, M. J. & Carchini, G. (1996) Description of the last instar larva of Agriocnemis falcifera Pinhey, 1959 (Zygoptera: Coenagrionidae). Odonatologica, 25 (3), 297 - 301.","Rambur, P. (1842) Histoire naturelle des insectes. Neuropteres. Paris: Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, 17, 534. [in French]"]}

Agriocnemis pygmaea (Rambur, 1842) Figs. 1, 4, 7, 37, 45, 47, 54, 60, 63, 65, 67, 69, 72–73 Agrion pygmaeum Rambur (1842): 278 [Holotype female, lost] Agriocnemis australis Selys (1877): 155 [original description] Agriocnemis velaris Hagen in Selys (1882): 31 [original description] Agriocnemis hyacinthus Tillyard 1913: 457 [original description] Agriocnemis pygmaea Selys (1877): 146; Fraser (1933): 398, figs. 163, 171 [adult description]; Kumar (1973): 93, figs. 103–113 [larval description]; Ishida (1996): 192, figs. 31, 268, 471, 852, 945 [larval description]; Orr (2005): 38 Specimens examined. THAILAND: 2 reared specimens; 1 ♂ and 1 ♀, 12/III/2017, Kasetsart University (13°50′59″ N 100°34′26″ E, altitude 4.48 m), Bangkok province, T. Saetung leg. 4 last stadium larvae; 1 ♂ and 1 ♀ 6/X/2018, Ban Na district (14°16′41′′ N, 101°00′57′′ E, altitude 8.6 m), Nakhon Nayok province, T. Saetung & B. Boonsoong leg. Diagnosis. The larvae of A. pygmaea can be distinguished from known species based on the following combination of characteristics: 1) occiput with numerous dark spots; each spot bears a spiniform seta on dorsal view (Fig. 63); 2) pronotum with protrusion on the posterolateral side, forming a rounded shape (Fig. 65); 3) margin of compound eyes with a row of numerous spiniform setae on the ventral view (Fig. 67); and 4) S3–S4 covered with long simple setae (Fig. 69)., Published as part of Saetung, Tosaphol & Boonsoong, Boonsatien, 2019, A review of genus Agriocnemis larva (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) from Thailand including a description of the final stadium larva of Agriocnemis minima Selys, 1877 with supporting molecular (COI) data, pp. 579-599 in Zootaxa 4711 (3) on pages 585-586, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.3.9, http://zenodo.org/record/3586717, {"references":["Rambur, P. (1842) Histoire naturelle des insectes. Neuropteres. Paris: Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, 17, 534. [in French]","Tillyard, R. J. (1913) On some new and rare Australian Agrionidae (Odonata). Proceedings Linnean Society New South Wales, 37 (3), 404 - 479. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 22352","Kumar, A. (1973) Descriptions of the last instar larvae of Odonata from the Dehra Dun Valley (India), with notes on Biology I. (suborder Zygoptera). Oriental Insects, 7 (1), 83 - 118. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.1973.10434207","Ishida, K. (1996) Monograph of Odonata larvae in Japan. Hokkaido University Press, Sapporo, 446 pp."]}

During studies on Odonate diversity of Nongkhyllem Wildlife Sanctuary from 2016 to 2017 a total of 58 species belonging to two sub-orders, 10 families, and 37 genera were recorded. This included 35 species of Anisoptera and 23 species of Zygoptera. Three species (Disparoneura apicalis, Agriocnemis kalinga and Calicnemia erythromelas) are new additions to the odonate fauna of Meghalaya. The genus Orthetrum was found to be the most dominant genera contributing five species. Being legally protected under state legislation, the sanctuary faces low levels of human interference and anthropogenic activities.

Agriocnemis Selys, 1877 A. pygmaea (Rambur, 1842) Oriental, SW-Asia; unpublished locality: 16; literature: Dumont & Heidari (1996)., Published as part of Schneider, Thomas, Ikemeyer, Dietmar, M��ller, Ole & Dumont, Henri J., 2018, Checklist of the dragonflies (Odonata) of Iran with new records and notes on distribution and taxonomy, pp. 1-40 in Zootaxa 4394 (1) on page 9, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4394.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1196880, {"references":["Dumont, H. J. & Heidari, H. (1996) On a collection of spring odonata from Iran, with the description of Coenagrion australocaspicum n. sp. Bulletin et Annales de la Societe Royale Belge d'Entomologie, 132, 63 - 78."]}

Odonata were surveyed in one reserve forest, two national parks, one Eco Park, one lake and one University campus in the northeastern region of Bangladesh from March 2014 to March 2015. A total of 64 species of Anisoptera and Zygoptera belonging to 41 genera under seven families were recorded. Among them 45 species and 19 genera were new records for the study area. Two species of Anisoptera, i.e., Anax indicus Lieftinck, 1942 and Gynacantha khasiaca MacLachlan, 1896, and three species of Zygoptera i.e., Matrona nigripectus Selys, 1879, Agriocnemis kalinga Nair & Subramanian, 2014, and Prodasineura laidlawii Forster, 1907 were recorded for the first time from Bangladesh.

Agriocnemis bumhilli sp. n., a new damselfly from the Kwando River in northeastern Namibia is described. The new species is similar to Agriocnemis angolensis but characterized by unique male appendages, swollen abdominal segments 9 and 10, the complete absence of antehumeral stripes, and smaller size. The species is illustrated and a photograph is provided. For comparison, an illustrated key to the other members of Agriocnemis within south-central Africa is provided.

Agriocnemis toto Dijkstra sp. nov. – Toto’s Wisp (Type Photo 14, Fig. 9) Taxonomy Superficially like A. falcifera Pinhey, 1959 or A. pinheyi Balinsky, 1963, but genetically closer to but distinct from A. maclachlani Selys, 1877: male appendages render it unmistakeable. Material studied Holotype ♂ . RMNH.INS. 559527, Angola, Uíge Province, 4 km NE of Negage, Canuango River, wet depression with reeds near blackwater river, 1229 m a.s.l. (7.7338 ° S 15.2837 ° E), 02-x- 2013, leg. K.-D.B. Dijkstra, RMNH. Further material. 2 ♀ (RMNH.INS. 559520, RMNH.INS. 559524), as holotype. Genetics One unique haplotype (n = 3) nearest to but well-differentiated from A.maclachlani, which requires revision as it includes A. angustirami Pinhey, 1974 and at least two distinct groups, one of which may refer to A. aligulae Pinhey, 1974 that was synonymised with A. maclachlani by D’Andrea & Carfi (1997). Male morphological diagnosis Similar to many African Agriocnemis species with its (a) moderate size, Hw 12.0 mm (n = 1); (b) all-black labrum and postclypeus with metallic purple and blue shine respectively; (c) pronotal hindlobe divided into two small rounded lateral lobes and one larger fanlike central section; (d) all Pt pale brown; and (e) S 8–10 orange. However, the appendages are distinctive with structure nearest to A. falcifera and A. pinheyi, but proportions like A. gratiosa Gerstäcker, 1891 and A. inversa Karsch, 1899, with (1) the distal border of S 10 slightly raised medio-dorsally; (2) the cerci about as long as S 10 and the paraprocts about 1.5 times as long; (3) the cerci falcate and hollowed out apically, like A. falcifera, A. pinheyi and A. stygia Fraser, 1954 but much sleeker, with the ventral process exceptionally long and narrow, extending down to reach between the paraprocts; and (4) the paraprocts triangular, i.e., wide at base and tapering distally like A. falcifera, with horizontally flattened tips terminating in a transverse black ridge recalling A.maclachlani (Fig. 9). Etymology Named in honour of Alvaro Bruno Toto Nienguesso, the driving force behind biodiversity research in Uíge Province, Angola (noun in apposition). Range and ecology Only known from the type locality in northern Angola, just 400 m from that of A. canuango sp. nov., which is a similar boggy depression on a grassy sandy plateau at 1 225 m a.s.l. but probably drier seasonally and with taller and denser reed-like vegetation., Published as part of Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B., Kipping, Jens & Mézière, Nicolas, 2015, Sixty new dragonfly and damselfly species from Africa (Odonata), pp. 447-678 in Odonatologica 44 (4) on pages 502-504, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.35388

Agriocnemis canuango Dijkstra sp. nov. – Bog Wisp (Type Photo 13, Photo 20, Fig. 9) Taxonomy Morphologically and genetically unlike any known Agriocnemis Selys, 1877 species. Material studied Holotype ♂ . RMNH.INS. 508419, Angola, Uíge Province, 4 km NE of Negage, Canuango River, open bog adjacent to small blackwater river in palm swamp, 1225 m a.s.l. (7.7351 ° S 15.2887 ° E), 28–29 -xi- 2012, leg. K.- D.B. Dijkstra, RMNH. Further material. 4 ♂ (RMNH.INS. 508417), 3 ♀ (RMNH.INS. 508418), as holotype, RMNH. Genetics One unique haplotype (n= 3) is distant from other Agriocnemis species, which suggests the species has no close relatives. Male morphological diagnosis Unique among African Agriocnemis species by the (1) pronotal hindlobe that is entire and extended laterally and folded upwards to form a pair of erect knobs, which are flattened with rounded tips and thus rather spoon- like; and the terminal abdominal structure with (2) the distal border of S 10 extended dorso-medially into a rounded knob that is about half as long as the segment, somewhat like in A. ruberrima Balinsky, 1961 but much thick- er; (3) the cerci that are almost as long as S 10 and over twice as long as the paraprocts, appearing rather thick, down-turned and distally truncated in lateral view, although their inside is hollowed out and thus appears ear-like in dorsal view, with a tiny black tooth directed straight downwards at their extreme base; and (4) the paraprocts reduced and rounded, with a ventral black tooth positioned externally to the cercal tooth, but even smaller and placed even more basally and visible only caudally (Fig. 9). Other notable features include (5) the small size, Hw 9.3–9.7 mm (n = 5); (6) the black labrum with a greenish white border; (7) all Pt pale brown with the anterior border about twice as long as the posterior; and (8) the distally orange to reddish abdomen from halfway S 7, whether teneral or mature. Etymology Named after the type locality (noun in apposition). Range and ecology Only known from the type locality in northern Angola, just 400 m from that of A. toto sp. nov., a small grassy bog with almost no open water (Photo 20), close to a blackwater river with gallery swamp forest on a grassy sandy plateau at 1 225 m a.s.l. Mature adults were found in fair numbers among the tussocks after rain in the late afternoon, but were not seen during sunny weather between late morning and noon a few days later., Published as part of Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B., Kipping, Jens & Mézière, Nicolas, 2015, Sixty new dragonfly and damselfly species from Africa (Odonata), pp. 447-678 in Odonatologica 44 (4) on pages 500-502, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.35388

Field surveys on predators and parasitoids of rice ecosystem during kharif season (2012–2014) in the four valley districts (Imphal East, Imphal West, Thoubal and Bishnupur) of Manipur were conducted. Altogether 33 species of predators belonging to 26 genera under 15 families of 5 orders and 15 species of parasitoids belonging to 5 families of Hymenoptera were listed. Among the predators, spider (Pardosa pseudoannulata Boes et. str. Tetragnatha maxillosa Thorell and Oxyopes javanus Thorell), damselflies (Agriocnemis femina Brauer, Agriocnemis pygmeae Rambur and Ishnura aurora Hagen), and dragonflies (Orthetrum sabina Drury and Sympetrum sp.) were found as dominant species. In case of parasitoids Cotesia rufricus Haliday and Apanteles sp. were found to be dominant in all the rice fields. One way ANOVA was done to evaluate the variation in the distribution of predators and parasitoids among the four study sites: among the predators, spider was found to be dominating (73.0) over other groups in Site 4 (Bishnupur District) whereas among the parasitoids, Cotesia rufricus (11.0) was dominating in Site 1 (Imphal East). The data revealed the significant variation in the distribution of predators and parasitoids (p

A study was made to determine the present status of the diversity of the dragonflies and damselflies from University of North Bengal campus and its surroundings. The study shows the presence of total 69 species of odonates belonging to 41 genera and nine families from the area. Agriocnemis kalinga Nair & Subramanian, 2014 is recorded for the first time from northern Bengal.

Orthographic details of 118 name-bearing types of Odonata and 11 ‘holotypes’ of forms, without nomenclatural status, are provided in two parts: the second and present paper deals with Zygoptera. The taxonomy of the gracilis-group of Chlorocypha and the Afrotropical members of Prodasineura and Aciagrion are discussed. Chlorocypha fabamacula is removed from synonymy with C. wittei; Pseudagrion superbum from P. serrulatum. Chlorocypba basilewskyi and possibly C. hasta are junior synonyms of C. tenuis their treatment as a subspecies of C. jacksoni and C. molindica respectively is rejected; Elattoneura tropicalis of E. cellularis; Agriocnemis dissimilis of A. palaeforma; Pseudagrion quadrioculatum of P. superbum; Pseudagrion williamsi of P. kersteni; Teinobasis malawiensis of T. alluaudi. It was confirmed that Chlorocnemis rossii is a junior synonym of C. flavipennis; Aciagrion congoense of A. africanum; Agriocnemis aligulae of A. maclachlani; Argiocnemis umbargae of Ceriagrion annulatum; Ischnura hil...

Agriocnemis stygia (Fraser) 1954 Dijkstra, K.-D.B. RMNH Democratic Republic of Congo Province Orientale 502179 25924112 KF369794 KF370193 KF369454 ODOPH090-13, Published as part of Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B., Kalkman, Vincent J., Dow, Rory A., Stokvis, Frank R. & Tol, Jan Van, 2014, Redefining the damselfly families: a comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Zygoptera (Odonata). Supporting Information Table 2: List of analysed samples., pp. 1-10 in Systematic Entomology 39 (1) on page 3, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6652900

Agriocnemis forcipata Le Roi 1915 Dijkstra, K.-D.B., Mézière, N. & Vanappelghem, C. RMNH Gabon Haut-Ogooué 502585 30104123 KF369602 KF369998 KF369284 ODOPH089-13, Published as part of Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B., Kalkman, Vincent J., Dow, Rory A., Stokvis, Frank R. & Tol, Jan Van, 2014, Redefining the damselfly families: a comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Zygoptera (Odonata). Supporting Information Table 2: List of analysed samples., pp. 1-10 in Systematic Entomology 39 (1) on page 3, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6652900

Agriocnemis femina (Brauer) 1868 Dow, R.A. RMNH Malaysia Sarawak 501242 25924204 KF369601 KF369997 KF369283 ODOPH088-13, Published as part of Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B., Kalkman, Vincent J., Dow, Rory A., Stokvis, Frank R. & Tol, Jan Van, 2014, Redefining the damselfly families: a comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Zygoptera (Odonata). Supporting Information Table 2: List of analysed samples., pp. 1-10 in Systematic Entomology 39 (1) on page 3, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6652900

Wolbachia are endosymbiotic bacteria that cause reproductive alterations in numerous arthropod species. Using a PCR-based method, we found that, out of 33 odonate species, four species were infected with Wolbachia. This finding represents the first record of Wolbachia infection in tropical odonates. Identical wsp gene sequences were found in the Wolbachia-infected common odonate species, Agriocnemis f. femina, collected from different locations in Thailand. The infection frequencies in several natural populations suggest that replacement of uninfected populations by Wolbachia-infected ones has recently occurred in this damselfly species.

Odonates (Damselflies and Dragonflies) were recorded from three Tiger Reserves of Madhya Pradesh, Central India, including Kanha, Pench and Bandhavgarh, where 47 species were recorded within 7 families and 31 genera. We recorded 44 species from Kanha, 41 species from Pench and 37 species from Bandhabgarh Tiger Reserve. Thirty-five species were recorded in all three tiger reserves. Suborder Zygoptera was represented by the families Coenagrionidae, Lestidae, Calopterygidae and Protoneuridae and suborder Anisoptera by the families Gomphidae, Libellulidae and Aeshnidae. Libellulidae was the largest family with 17 genera. In summer survey Orthetrum sabina Drury, 1770 was the most abundant species, while in winter the most abundant was Agriocnemis pygmea Rambur, 1842.

M. indraneil spec. nov. is described from locations in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. Both sexes of M. arthuri Fraser are re-described based on recent material. Records of M. amoena Ris from Borneo in fact refer to M. indraneil; there is no evidence that M. amoena occurs on Borneo. Relationships between Argiocnemis, Agriocnemis and Mortonagrion are discussed.

Paddy fields is one of the important ecosystem that support human life because here produced rice that is the main food to the human. Besides, paddy field ecosystem also have many diversity of insect, including dragonfly (Odonata). Dragonfly (Odonata) is one of the insect that used to be a predators to the pests in the paddy fields, such as Chilo sp and Nilaparvata lugen. The study on dragonfly was conducted in Pundenarum village, Karangawen, Demak. The objectives of this study is to identify the odonata specieses that lived in paddy field. Inventory of odonata specieses done with field by field method and direct catch using insect net. The result of this study is that 5 specieses of odonata were identified in paddy field, i.e: Orthetrum sabina, Crocothemis servillia, Pantala flavescens, Agriocnemis femina dan Agriocnemis pygmea. The odonata specieses that identified is part of 2 family, i.e: Libellulidae and Coenagrionidae. It is also found that all species is part of the suborder Anisoptera (dragonfly) and Zygoptera (damselflies). Key word : dragonfly, Odonata, inventory, paddy field.

Agriocnemis maclachlani Sélys, 1877 Bulletin de l’Académie royale de Belgique (2) 43 (2): 152; ♁ ♀, Gabon; lectotype in BMNH. Aguesse, 1968: 526; Legrand & Girard, 1992: 17 (citations de Guinée). DESCRIPTION. — La plus grande (L. = 28 mm) des deux espèces; labre et postclypéus noirs, brillants avec des reflets métalliques bleu violacé; Thorax recouvert d’une fine pruinosité; abdomen très fin; appendices anaux supérieurs très courts et globuleux, les inférieurs trois fois plus longs, droits. ÉCOLOGIE. — Aguesse (comm. pers.) rapporte avoir capturé de nombreux spécimens de cette espèce banale en Afrique occidentale aux abords des mares temporaires de piedmont en nov.-déc. 1961. Ailleurs en Afrique (Congo) j’ai rencontré cette espèce en forêt claire dans des zones marécageuses. DISTRIBUTION. — Bénin, Bioko (= Fernando Pó), Côte d’Ivoire, Congo, Congo démocratique, Gabon, Guinée, Guinée équatoriale, Liberia, Ouganda, Sénégal, Sierra Leone., Published as part of Legrand, Jean, 2003, Les Odonates du Nimba et de sa région, pp. 231-310 in Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle 190 on page 248, {"references":["AGUESSE P. 1968. - Quelques Odonates recoltes au Sierra Leone. Bulletin de l'Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire (A) 30: 518 - 534.","LEGRAND J. & GIRARD C. 1992. - Biodiversite des Odonates du Simandou, recensement des especes de Guinee, Afrique occidentale (Odonata). Opuscula zoologica fluminensia 92: 1 - 23."]}

Genre AGRIOCNEMIS Sélys, 1877 Bulletin de l’Académie royale de Belgique (2) 42: 525 [235 sep.]. Bridges, 1991; Pinhey, 1962 (Catalogue); Marshall & Gambles, 1977 (caractères du pénis); Tsuda, 1991 (distribution). Espèce type: Agrion pygmaeum Rambur, 1842. Zygoptères très fins, petits à très petits; arculus nettement au-delà du niveau de la deuxième anténodale; deux espèces connues de la région du Nimba., Published as part of Legrand, Jean, 2003, Les Odonates du Nimba et de sa région, pp. 231-310 in Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle 190 on page 248, {"references":["BRIDGES C. A. 1991. - Catalogue of the family-group, genus-group and species-group names of the Odonata of the world. Bridges, Urbana (Ill., USA).","PINHEY E. C. G. 1962. - A descriptive catalogue of the Odonata of the African continent (up to December 1959), pts 1 & 2. Publicacoes culturais Companhia de diamantes de Angola 59: 1 - 322. PINHEY E. C. G. 1964 a. - Dragonflies (Odonata) of the Angola-Congo borders of Rhodesia. Publicacoes culturais Companhia de diamantes de Angola 63: 95 - 129.","TSUDA S. 1991. - A distributional list of World Odonata. 1991. Tsuda, Osaka, 362 p."]}

SUMMARY The author has studied the Odonata collected in the Somali Democratic Republic during scientific expeditions organized first by the Institute of Zoology and by the Museum of Zoology of the University of Florence and, presently, by the « Centro di Studio per la Faunistica ed Ecologia Tropicali del C.N.R. ». He has also included a list as complete as possible of all the quotations on Somalian Odonata. According to the literature and specimens studied, the Somalian Dragonflies pertain to seven families, 30 genera (seven of which are new for Somalia) and 53 species (15 Zygoptera and 38 Anisoptera), 12 of which are new for Somalia: Lestes tridens McLachlan, Lestes uncifer Karsch, Agriocnemis exilis Selys, Pseudagrion acaciae Forster, Ictinogomphus ferox (Rambur), Tetrathemis polleni (Selys), Olpogastra lugubris (Karsch), Tholymis tillarga (Fabricius), Tramea basilaris (P. de Beauvois), Tramea limbata (Desjardins), Urothemis edwardsi (Selys), Macrodiplax cora (Brauer).

(1) The numerical relations of the chromosomes studied in the male germ cells of seven species belonging to Lestidae and Coenagriidae (Zygoptera-Odonata) obtained from several localities of Japan are given in Table 1.(2) Without exception, there is present an unpaired X-chromosome in all species investigated. It is always divided into equal halves in the first division, while in the second division it migrates to one pole without separation. The size of the X is rather variable among the species. In Agriocnemis selenion, the X is represented by the largest element in the complex, while in the other species it is the smallest chromosome in the garniture except the m-chromosome.(3) The seven species herein studied always contain the so-called m-chromosome of minute size, which shows a considerable variation in size from species to species. It is interesting to find that the m-chromosome of Lestes sponsa shows individual variation in size (see Figs. 4-5).(4) The following four species belonging to the Coenagriidae, viz., Agrion (Coenagrion) hieroglyphicum, Ischnura senegalensis, Agriocnemis selenion and Copera annulata, possess spermatocyte chromosomes of a huge size, while in the members of the Lestidae the chromosomes are not so great in magnitude.

(1942). LIII.—A new Species of Ischnura (Order Odonata); A Dragon-fly Nymph, possibly Agriocnemis Selys, and other records from Tahiti. Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Vol. 9, No. 56, pp. 644-647.

9. Agriocnemis lacteola Selys Agriocnemis lacteola Selys, 1877, Bull. Acad. Belg., ( 2 ) 4 3; 144; Fraser, 1933, Fauna British India , Odonata, 1: 381. Specimens examined: India: Assam: tipper Dihing Reserve Forest, 1 ♂, 14. xi.1974, S. K. Chanda; Kohora, Kaziranga National Park, 2 ♂, 1 ♀, 22.ii.1972, G. M. Yazdani. Barbari, 5 ♂, 7.ii.1972, A. C. Sukla. Ratibari. 1 ♂, 5.vi.1973, A. C. Sukla. Distribution: Eastern India: Bihar, Sikkim; Assam; [‘‘Bengalˮ] (terr. typ.)]., Published as part of A. R. Lahiri, 1979, Odonata (Insecta) from Different States of North Eastern India, pp. 119-132 in Oriental Insects 13 on page 121, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3516933, {"references":["Fraser, F. C. 1933, 1934 and 1936. Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Odonata, 1: xiii + 418 pp., figs., 2: xix + 398 pp., figs. & 4 pis., 3: x i + 4 6 1. pp., figs. & 2 pis."]}

10. Agriocnemis pygmaea pygmaea (Rambur) Agrion pygmaeum Rambur, 1842, Hist. Nat. Ins. Nevropteres: 278. Agriocnemis pygmaea ( Rambur ): Selys, 1877, Synopsis des Agrionines. 5 me Legion: Agrion ( suite et. fin ),: 52; Fraser, 1933, Fauna British India, Odonata, 1: 398. Agriocnemis pygmaea pygmaea ( Rambur ): Pinhey, 1974, Occ. Pap. Nal. Mus. Rhodesia 85 ( 4 ): 319. Specimens examined: India: Assam: Madangoalpara, 1 ♂, 12.1.1972, S. Biswas. Sonai Rupai Forest, 1 ♂, 2 ♀, 7.xi.1975, K. R. Rao, Kumsung Reserve Forest, 1 ♀, 11.xi.1974, S. K. Chanda. Maiki Village, 1 ♀, 15.xi.1974, S. K. Chanda. Arunachal Pradesh: bank of Soro river, Hapoli, 2 ♂, 13.xi.1975, K. R. Rao. Daforijo, 5 ♂, 5 ♀, 18.xi.1975, K. R. Rao. Mizoram: Bank of Bangla stream, Kolosib, 1 ♀, 30.X.1976, K. R. Rao; 3 ♂, same except Lalchuana damside, 1. xi. 1976. Distribution: Ranging from Seychelles across entire Oriental Region to Australia and the Pacific islands in the east., Published as part of A. R. Lahiri, 1979, Odonata (Insecta) from Different States of North Eastern India, pp. 119-132 in Oriental Insects 13 on page 122, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3516933, {"references":["Fraser, F. C. 1933, 1934 and 1936. Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Odonata, 1: xiii + 418 pp., figs., 2: xix + 398 pp., figs. & 4 pis., 3: x i + 4 6 1. pp., figs. & 2 pis."]}

Beisan, ♂, 11.vi.22. Dr. Buxton tells me that Beisan, which lies east of Mt. Gilboa, is about 400 ft. under sealevel, a t the edge of a little plateau full of springs and marshes. The Jordan just east of it is some 300 or 400 ft. lower. This single ♂ agrees with specimens from India. The species (or at least with closely allied forms) has a wide range, reaching Queensland, the Phillipines and Formosa. It has been recorded by Campion from 'the Seychelles, but not, I think, from Continental Africa., Published as part of K. J. Morton, 1924, The Dragon-flies (Odonata) of Palestine, based primarily on collection made by Dr. P. A. Buxton, with Notes on the Species of the Adjacent Regions., pp. 25-44 in Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1924 on pages 34-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3539379

*71. Agriocnemis pygmaea (Ramb.) - Apparently not previously men­ tioned from Sumatra. The species was found by me in the S. Lampoeng districts. though less abundant than femina., Published as part of Lieftinck, M. A., 1935, A Synopsis of the Odonata (Dragonflies) of Sumatra, pp. 1-23 in Miscellanea Zoologica Sumatrana 1 on page 12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3251875