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AbstractDrying serves as an effective method to truncate the post-harvest wastage of agricultural products. This research paper presents a new thin-layer drying model to predict drying kinetics in the falling rate region. The semi-empirical model is derived as a modification of Fick’s second law and includes one drying constant. By determining this drying constant at a specific temperature, the model allows for the prediction of drying kinetics at any temperature. A Python program was used to evaluate the drying constant through nonlinear regression. Additionally, the model was simplified to obtain the required drying time at any given temperature. The study examined the drying kinetics of several agricultural products, including potato slices, green peas, and banana slices, at temperatures of 60 °C, 70 °C, and 80 °C, respectively. Experimental data of these agricultural products at various drying temperatures were validated against several known thin-layer drying models and the proposed model. The evaluation of model performance was conducted using statistical measures, specifically R2 and MAE. The higher R2 values (0.991-0.999) and lower MAE values (0.008-0.032) suggest strong agreement between the proposed model and experimental data, demonstrating its efficacy compared to previously reported models. Additionally, the proposed model exhibited the capability to predict drying time with high accuracy (error ± 2.9%) for any given temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Selenium is indispensable for human health, yet vast regions worldwide grapple with selenium-deficient soils, rendering dietary intake a critical avenue for supplementation. This narrative review aims to systematically examine and compare domestic and international regulations and standards related to selenium enrichment, providing insights to enhance regulatory frameworks and standardization within the selenium-enrichment industry. Methods: From June to September 2024, we conducted a comprehensive search of official websites belonging to international organizations (e.g., Codex Alimentarius Commission, European Union) and governmental agencies of countries such as China and the United States. Keywords, like "selenium enrichment", "selenium standards", and "selenium detection methods", were employed to identify pertinent regulations, standards, and guidelines encompassing intake benchmarks, detection methodologies, product specifications, technical guidelines for production, labeling requirements, and certification management norms. Results: Our analysis reveals several challenges within the current selenium-enriched regulatory and standardization systems, including inconsistent product determination criteria and limit settings, incomplete technical guidelines for selenium-enriched agricultural production, and a lack of unified regulations for labeling selenium-enriched agricultural products. Conclusions: These findings underscore the need for harmonization of standards and enhanced regulatory oversight. To address these issues, we recommend bolstering safety risk assessments for selenium-enriched agricultural products, establishing and refining a comprehensive standard system for selenium-enriched agriculture, and intensifying quality and safety supervision. This study offers a valuable reference for policymakers and stakeholders to promote the sustainable development of the selenium-enrichment industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mycotoxin contamination poses serious threats to human and animal health. Food and environmental systems are often simultaneously contaminated with multiple mycotoxins, a problem that is further exacerbated by the synergistic toxicological effects of these co‐occurring mycotoxins. Consequently, the development of rapid detection methods capable of simultaneously identifying multiple mycotoxins in agricultural products is essential to prevent their entry into the food chain. Compared to standard detection methods, optical and electrochemical (EC) sensing methods have distinct advantages for the rapid detection of mycotoxins. This review comprehensively summarizes the latest advancements in the field of simultaneous detection of multiple mycotoxins using optical and EC sensing methods over the last 6 years (2018–2024). First, the review introduces the classification and relevant principles of optical and EC sensing methods. Thereafter, it emphasizes innovative simultaneous detection strategies within these approaches. Finally, it discusses current challenges and offers a reference for further research. Currently, the main challenge lies in the mutual interference among targets, making the development of an interference‐free detection platform essential. Furthermore, the ongoing development of integrated technology is expected to aid regulatory authorities in improving the quality of agricultural products for field applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research delves into the dynamic relationship between China and Kazakhstan in the realm of agrifood trade, exploring the evolving landscape from 2012 to 2022. China, as the world's second-largest economy, commands a significant share in global agri-food imports, presenting a lucrative opportunity for Kazakhstan. Notably, China represents about 8% of the world's agri-food imports and stands as Kazakhstan's largest trading partner. In 2021, China emerged as one of the top four largest buyers of Kazakh food. Crucially, as China's middle-income population continues to expand, the domestic market presents substantial potential. This demographic shift has implications for the evolving demand in China's agri-food market and offers an avenue for Kazakhstan to tap into this growing consumer base. Despite being one of Kazakhstan's major trading partners, the country currently holds a modest share of China's agri-food market. The Kazakh government, aligning with China's "Belt and Road" initiative, aspires to double agricultural exports by 2025. Our analysis underscores the growing demand in China's agri-food market and its potential for Kazakhstan. Challenges such as technical disparities, logistical limitations, and institutional constraints are identified, necessitating collaborative solutions. The conclusion emphasizes the need for concrete actions, including technological advancements, infrastructure improvement, and standards harmonization, to enhance Kazakhstan's competitiveness in the Chinese market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The key changes observed in modern international trade in agricultural products have been analyzed from the position of assessing the challenges faced by agricultural markets in recent years. The features of the agro-industrial products international trade evolution have been considered, the main trends and changes in global production and consumption have been assessed, and medium-term development prospects have been defined. The world land fund transformation due to international trade development, which has become significantly diversified, has been shown, and the preservation of differentiation among net exporters and net importers of agricultural products has been noted. The changes in the world production and consumption of agricultural commodities formulated in the course of the study have become the key trigger for modernization of the global architecture of international trade. It has been shown that it will remain a key factor in the further development of agricultural production, but the process achieved in exports and imports liberalization is significant in terms of ensuring food security of the least developed importing countries. It has also been found that world agricultural commodity prices will stabilize in the medium term, which is an important factor in the food security of developing countries.

In this study, we attempt to infer the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the intra-European Union (EU) agrifood trade from out-of-sample forecasts. We compare the actual level of trade during the COVID-19 period with counterfactual values derived from univariate forecasting models [regARIMA (Linear regression with autoregressive integrated moving average errors) and Holt-Winters methods]. We analyse agrifood imports and exports of specific EU countries and the EU-27 aggregate on the basis of monthly data for the period from January 2010 to February 2022. The findings reveal a significant decrease in trade activity in the first year of the pandemic that was negatively correlated to COVID-19 restrictions applied by EU countries. Surprisingly, COVID-19 restrictions do not significantly explain the diversified agrifood trade response among EU countries during the pandemic.

The article analyses the key aspects of changes in international agricultural trade patterns, with the main emphasis on the analysis of modern factors shaping the agricultural market situation. The analysis of international trade is conducted in the context of the need to ensure food security and counteract various exogenous shocks (decreasing crop yields, escalating geopolitical conflicts, food crises). This analysis has allowed us to formulate the main determinants that will have a decisive impact on international agricultural trade in the future. It has been established that as a result of international trade, global demand for agricultural land has decreased, and imports are increasingly used by developing countries to solve food security problems. It is shown that geopolitical restrictions and climatic shocks are a key factor influencing global supply chains and changing patterns of international trade in agricultural raw materials and food. The uncertainties that have arisen make it difficult to adequately forecast global flows of agricultural exports and imports, while the current agricultural policies of countries around the world remain virtually unchanged. In prospective studies of international agricultural trade, considerable attention should be paid to issues of supply stability.

The drying process of agro-industrial products such as kiwi, avocado, banana, kale, and red chili is described. Additionally, it proposes the design of a new control technique based on active disturbance rejection to regulate the temperature required for the dehydration of these products in a hybrid solar-LP gas tunnel-type dryer. The simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the control technique in regulating the temperature during the process. Furthermore, they demonstrate that the developed control not only ensures optimal plant operation but also mitigates the risks of rejecting batches of dried products due to non-compliance with quality specifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This community service is concentrated on implementing sustainable strategic management in the management of agricultural products in Jatiluwih village, Bali. Sustainable principles are supported by the use of appropriate and modern technology in managing rice mills, so that they do not have a negative impact on the natural environment, and provide high profits for farmers and rice mill entrepreneurs. Community service uses the Participatory Action Research method. Community service participants are farming communities, business people managing agricultural products, and local communities. The result is that Jatiluwih village still needs to use appropriate technology to manage agricultural products so that they do not pollute the environment and ecosystem. Sustainable strategic management from an economic aspect will increase profits for farmers. From a social aspect, local communities can be involved in managing harvests. As well as from the technological aspect, it is necessary to consider modern tools for agricultural sustainability and increasing farmer capacity. This community service contribution focuses on socializing sustainable management in the context of managing agricultural products and increasing farmers' awareness of using modern equipment.

This article explores the determinants of the consumption of geographical indication agricultural products through a ten-year systematic review. In recent years, the demand for healthier and safer products from consumers has been continuously increasing owing to the influence of the geographical indication of agricultural products. Geographical indication products, a type of label that associates food with specific regions, occupy a certain position in the global food market. This article aims to answer research questions about the determinants of the consumption of geographical indication agricultural products and provide a comparative analysis of five literature reviews related to this topic. We collected and processed relevant research data through a systematic literature review and provided transparent, complete, and accurate explanations using the PRISMA criterion. The research results reveal the consumer response to the geographical indication of agricultural products and the determining factors of different responses. The research in this article is of great significance for understanding the consumption trends and important information of geographical indication of agricultural products, helping enterprises better understand consumer behavior, and improving the income of farmers, producers, and enterprises.

In order to understand the impact of lead-zinc mining and processing activities on the soil ecological environment of downstream agricultural land, taking the downstream agricultural land of a lead-zinc mining enterprise in Guizhou as the research object, and the soil and agricultural products samples in A and B areas of the study area were collected by random distribution method, and the contents of eight heavy metals were determined. The pollution characteristics and risk assessment of eight heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Ni, As, Hg, Cu, Cr, Zn) in the soil of agricultural land in the study area were analyzed by single factor pollution index (Pi) method and Nemero comprehensive pollution index (PN ). High risk quotient (HQ) and high risk index (HI) were used to evaluate the health risks of heavy metals in rice and corn to adults and children. The results showed that the soil of agricultural land in this area was polluted by different degrees of heavy metals, Cd was heavily polluted, As and Zn were slightly polluted. The comprehensive pollution index of soil heavy metals in area A was greater than that in area B, and Cd contributed the most to the comprehensive pollution index. The heavy metals in agricultural products in this area were mainly Cd content exceeding the standard, and the Cd exceeding rate of rice was greater than that of corn;there was no significant correlation between the total amount of heavy metals in rice and corn and the total amount of heavy metals in soil in the study area. Intake of rice and corn in this area, single heavy metals Cd and As had a great risk to human health. Rice had a great possibility of health impact on the human body, and the impact on children was significantly greater than that on adults. Corn did not have a health impact on the human body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines and highlights the main differences in the categories "green economy", "green business", "ecological entrepreneurship". A comparative analysis of the environmental policy of Ukraine according to the Green Future Index was carried out. Positive changes in the development of ecological entrepreneurship are noted. The tools of ecologization of the economy with the aim of strengthening the rating position of Ukraine and the indicators of the further expansion of the scale of ecological entrepreneurship are separated. The basic principles of ecological entrepreneurship have been established. The dynamics of the development of ecological entrepreneurship in Ukraine for 2016- 2022 have been studied. Challenges faced by environmental enterprises during military operations are outlined. Ways for the further development of ecological entrepreneurship in Ukraine have been established, including: the introduction of the use of alternative energy sources, the use of recycling, the rational use of soils in order to minimize erosion processes, the strengthening of environmental education in society, the application of the decoupling phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant leaf infections are a common threat to global production in both the long and short terms, affecting not only many farmers but also consumers around the world. Early detection and treatment of plant leaf diseases are essential to promote healthy plant growth in agriculture and ensure sufficient supply and health security for the world’s geometric (population) growth. Detection of plant leaf diseases using computer-aided technologies is widespread today. In the first part of this thesis, we describe an artificial intelligence (AI) model that enables image analysis to facilitate disease detection and then present its contribution at the societal level. We used images of maize leaves and images of apples in fields from the standard PlantVillage repository for object localization. An efficient deep learning (DL) modified mask region convolutional neural network (Mask R-CNN) is proposed for autonomous segmentation and detection of the object to be analyzed in this research. The proposed work exploited the features learned by the Mask R-CNN model at various processing hierarchies. We achieved improved code generation of singular images of the detected objects and an overall accuracy of 98.89% on the validation sets. In the rest of our research, we wanted to show the impact of our solution at a social level while highlighting the important aspects that characterize good development. The specificity of this approach is to present the different AI solutions used for the analysis of agricultural crops, with the aim of highlighting their benefits and their impact on human activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: MSMEs dominate the Indonesian economy. The growth of MSMEs shows that the number of MSMEs is quite large and continues to increase every year, thus indicating that MSMEs may be able to generate tax revenue. Semarang City is no exception. However, the problem is that MSMEs still view taxes as a burden that must be minimized and there is a lack of supervision from the tax authorities. Purpose: The aim of the research is to determine the influence of personal norms and tax compliance intentions on tax compliance behavior in MSMEs for processed agricultural products in Semarang City. Design/methodology/approach: The researcher used TPB. The idea that social and moral norms originate from subjective norms is examined in this study. Social norms focus more on providing social expectations and often aim to maintain harmony in a group or society, originate from society or social groups, and are often taught or enforced through socialization, social supervision, and social sanctions. Moral norms focus on behavior that is considered right or wrong from a moral or ethical perspective, are often related to a sense of personal responsibility or justice, originate from internal values, ethics, religion, or philosophy believed by the individual, and can vary from one individual to another, although they are often also influenced by certain religious or philosophical teachings. Three variables personal norms, intentions, and behavior, were used in this study. The questionnaires were given to UMKM taxpayers for processed agricultural products in Semarang City, totaling 120 respondents. PLS- SEM was used for the analysis. Findings/Result: The first hypothesis is that personal norms have an impact on intentions. The second hypothesis is accepted which shows that tax compliance intentions have a positive and significant influence on tax compliance behavior. The Influence of Personal Norms on Intention where the statistical value for the personal norm and intention variables are respectively, the P value is 0.000 < 0.050 and the T statistic value is 7.706 > 1.96 so that the hypothesis is accepted. The Influence of Intention on Behavior, where the P value is 0.002 < 0.050 and the T statistic value is 3.117 > 1.96 so that the hypothesis is accepted. The Influence of Personal Norms on Behavior, where the P value is 0.000 < 0.050 and the T statistic value is 4.010 > 1.96 so that the third hypothesis - namely, that personal norms have a major impact on behavior is accepted. The Influence of Intention on Behavior where the P value is 0.002 < 0.050 and the T statistic value is 3.117 > 1.96 so that the hypothesis of intention has a major impact on behavior is accepted by the test. Conclusion: The behavior is very positively influenced by personal norms and the intention to comply with taxes in MSMEs for processed agricultural products in the city of Semarang. The implications are: The Importance of Tax Education and Counseling, The Role of Moral and Ethical Values in Tax Compliance, The Influence of the Social Environment, The Need to Improve the Perception of Ease in Paying Taxes. Originality/value (State of the art): Originality/value of this research is that this research highlights the importance of education and counseling about taxes for MSMEs, as well as the need for policies that support and facilitate the taxation process for this sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Science & Technology & Economy is the property of Grain Science & Technology & Economy Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

AbstractThe increasing emphasis on the quality and safety of agricultural products, which are vital to global trade and consumer health, has driven the innovation of cost-effective, convenient, and rapid smart detection technologies. Smartphones, with their interdisciplinary functionalities, have become valuable tools in quantification and analysis research. Acting as portable, affordable, and user-friendly analytical devices, smartphones are equipped with high-resolution cameras, displays, memory, communication modules, sensors, and operating systems (Android or IOS), making them powerful, palm-sized remote computers. This review delves into how visual inspection technology and smartphones have enhanced the quality and safety of agricultural products over the past decade. It also evaluates the key features and limitations of existing smart rapid inspection methods for agricultural products and anticipates future advancements, offering insights into the application of smart rapid inspection technology in agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A blockchain-based agri-food traceability can be expected to remedy the inherent trust within agri-food supply chains. However, the immutable and redundant nature of traditional blockchain storage has posed formidable challenges, particularly on the scalability of data storage for blockchain nodes. Agri-food traceability has also been limited to historically impede the widespread adoption in recent years. In this study, an efficient storage and query model was introduced to specifically design for the agri-food supply chain traceability, in order to leverage the concept of a redactable blockchain. The cyclical nature of agri-food traceability data was examined to form the model. The lifecycle of the supply chain was analyzed for the agri-food products. The opportunities were identified for streamline data management. A key innovation involved the strategic offloading of traceability data over the lifecycle. Storage resources were optimized to preserve the essential traceability functionalities. The information remained accessible throughout the supply chain journey. Furthermore, the counter Bloom filter was incorporated to enhance the operational efficiency of data offloading. The high false positive rates were reduced for the data manipulation in redactable blockchains. False positives were effectively reduced to significantly enhance the overall query efficiency of the agri-food traceability system, thereby facilitating expedient access to accurate supply chain information. A counter Bloom filter was operated to leverage the probabilistic hashing techniques. The large datasets were efficiently managed and queried to minimize the occurrence of false positives. A robust mechanism was translated to verify the accuracy of traceability information post-data offloading in the context of the agri-food traceability system. A compact representation of recently offloaded data was maintained to employ the efficient hash functions. The counter Bloom filter effectively reduced the likelihood of mistakenly, in order to identify non-existent data during queries. The efficacy of the improved model was underscored to validate the comprehensive empirical data. The extensive experiment was conducted over a simulated 60-month operational period. Notably, the better performance of the model was achieved with a remarkable 48.70% reduction in storage volume, compared with the conventional agri-food blockchain traceability systems. This reduction was attributed to the strategic lifecycle-based data management, and the storage was optimized without compromising data integrity. The improved model was often verified in a simulated scenario involving 1000 block records and a 30% data offloading rate. There was a notable 21.00% decrease in the false positive rates, indicating the efficacy of the integrated counter Bloom filter with the data accuracy post-offloading. Moreover, there was a commendable 19.02% enhancement in the data query efficiency, compared with the traditional approaches. The compelling solution fully met the operational demands of largescale agri-food supply chain environments. The blockchain-based agri-food traceability was presented to facilitate the widespread deployment. A significant advancement was achieved in data integrity with the pragmatic storage and query optimizations in the field. Beyond technical innovation, a robust framework was offered to enhance transparency, accountability, and consumer confidence across agri-food supply chains. Looking ahead, the scalability and adaptability of the improved model can promise to support the diverse applications within the agri-food sector. Product authenticity and quality assurance can be enhanced to enable efficient recalls and regulatory compliance. As the blockchain continues to evolve, insights can be gained to pave the way for future advancements in agri-food traceability and industry-wide transformation toward a more resilient and sustainable supply chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The loosening of a series of domestic and international policies before May 2023 means that the global situation of the COVID-19 has changed from emergency to normalization. However, research on the abnormal changes in macro data of China’s agricultural product import and export trade during the entire epidemic period is extremely scarce. This article uses macro data of China’s agricultural product import and export trade from the first three years of the epidemic and the entire three years of the epidemic, namely from 2017 to 2022, for statistical analysis. By combining literature review, quantitative data analysis, comparative research, and other methods, it sorts out, and summarizes the changes in China’s agricultural product import and export situation compared to the pre epidemic situation during the epidemic period, thoroughly analyzes the characteristics of China’s agricultural product import and export trade before and throughout the epidemic. Research has found that the total import and export trade of agricultural products in China has been continuously increasing throughout the entire epidemic period;due to trade restrictions on agricultural products from multiple countries around the world, rising domestic agricultural production price indices, and the impact of the China US trade agreement, China’s agricultural import and export trade deficit has further expanded. The volume and price fluctuations in the import and export trade of major agricultural products such as grains, cotton, and sugar are significant. Overall, the basic structure of China’s agricultural product import and export trade has not changed under the epidemic. The COVID-19 epidemic has not changed China’s natural endowment of agricultural resources, nor has it changed China’s agricultural structure, trade environment and government agricultural policies. During the entire epidemic period, the overall structure of China’s agricultural product import and export trade did not change, but the agricultural product trade indicators showed significant suddenness in early 2020, with significant phased impacts on agricultural product trade and significant structural impacts on a few agricultural product trade. This article suggests that China should vigorously ensure the bottom line of food security, enhance its bargaining power in the international agricultural trade market under the risk of the epidemic, and continue to leverage China’s comparative advantage in agricultural trade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agricultural Outlook (1673-3908) is the property of Institute of Agricultural Information, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agricultural Outlook (1673-3908) is the property of Institute of Agricultural Information, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study examines the low-carbon economy, agricultural products, and the resource environment as three interconnected subsystems, establishing an evaluation framework for their coordinated growth across eight regions of China. The results highlight significant regional imbalances, particularly in North China, Northwest China, and Northeast China. Principal component analysis (PCA) shows that the agricultural product system captures 99.502% of its information, while the resource-environment system accounts for 84.823%, demonstrating robust explanatory power. The national Economic–Agricultural–Resource–Environment (EARE) system progressed from sub-coordinated growth (2010–2014) to coordinated growth (2019–2020), moving from mild imbalance to high-quality growth. Initially, resource growth lagged behind economic development (2010–2015), which then shifted to economic growth lagging behind resource and environmental growth (2015–2020). This study underscores the need for targeted policies to enhance regional sustainability and balanced development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When selling food products, it's important to choose the appropriate sales channel. These channels connect producers with consumers. The aim of this study was to select a channel for the sale of cabbage to end customers. In this paper, six different sales channels that are used in the Semberija region for the sale of cabbage were observed. These sales channels were evaluated using 11 different criteria. In order to choose the sales channel that best meets the set objectives, a fuzzy set approach was used. This approach was chosen because qualitative criteria were used and expert ratings were in the form of linguistic values. Based on the input of seven experts who are professors at agricultural faculties in Bijeljina, it was found that consumer habits were the most important criterion, followed by the criterion compliance with environmental standards, while the smallest weight value was given to the criterion delivery method. Using the RAWEC (Ranking of Alternatives with Weights of Criterion) method, it was shown that online sales yield the best results, after that follows Producer-sales agent-consumer, while according to experts, the sales channel is the best rated Producer-wholesalerretailer- consumer. This is because various tools can be utilized on the Internet for selling agricultural products. Based on the conducted research, the contribution of this study lies in the selection of sales channels using the integration of the MEREC and RAWEC methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is the assessment of the competitiveness of the agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan and the analysis of potential growth opportunities. Retrospective, dynamic, and structural analysis are the basis for assessing the current state of the agro-industrial sector. The analysis revealed weaknesses in the logistics infrastructure and a preponderance of antiquated and depreciated agricultural equipment, impeding production and quality. Despite the fact that investments were made easier by official support programmes, sector profitability remained poor. Modernising production assets, combining smallholder farms, and encouraging sustainable practices to boost long-term competitiveness are some of the major prospects found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The green supply chain of agricultural products (GSCAP) is a key link for rural revitalization and sustainable development in China. However, it faces various risks from internal and external environments that threaten its performance and stability. This paper proposes a novel framework and system for identifying and evaluating the main risks in the GSCAP from the perspective of agricultural enterprises. The framework combines social network analysis (SNA) and an improved technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) method. SNA is used to analyze the correlations and influences among different types of risks, while the improved TOPSIS method is used to rank the risks of different GSCAPs and identify the key risks in each supply chain. The framework and system are verified by a case study of CDYBIT, a leading platform of food safety big data service in China. The results show that the supermarket supply chain has the highest risk, followed by the group catering supply chain, and the five‐star hotel supply chain has the lowest risk. The main risk factors for each supply chain are also discussed, and some suggestions for risk management are provided. This paper contributes to the literature by providing a comprehensive and systematic risk assessment framework and system for the GSCAP, which can help agricultural enterprises improve their risk awareness and response capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Actual Problems of Jurisprudence / Habaršy. Zan̦ Seriâsy is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The risks associated with pesticide residues on agricultural products cultivated in Cangnan County were assessed from 2020 to 2022. These risk assessments were performed utilizing the Index of Food Safety (IFS) and by calculating Hazard Risk Coefficients (R). Pesticide residues in 24 of the 977 samples (2.46%) exceeded the established standard. A total of 60 pesticides were detected, with detection rates >10% for 14 pesticides. The overall IFS of agricultural products in Cangnan is 3.83x10-2, indicating an acceptable safety level. Comprehensive evaluation suggests that enrofloxacin, 6-benzylaminopurine, 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid sodium salt and gibberellin are associated with high risks, whereas carbendazim and bifenthrin pose moderate risks. SIC (Safe Intake of C) values were recalculated, yielding SI6-benzyladenine, SI4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid sodium salt, and SIgibberellin values for mung bean sprouts of 4.14x10-5 mg/kg⋅bw, whereas the SIbifenthrin for tangerine is 4.14x10-5 mg/kg⋅bw. The agricultural products produced in Cangnan are generally safe to consume. The safety of samples with residue levels exceeding the standard according to the IFSC results are considered unacceptable, and are subject to comprehensive assessment. Based on the maximum acceptable IFSC value (1) and pesticide residue levels on examined agricultural products, the SIC values for different agricultural products were recalculated to provide a scientific basis for quality and safety monitoring of agricultural products. Regulatory authorities need to intensify the supervision of high- and moderate-risk pesticides such as enrofloxacin, to strengthen control at points of sale and use of prohibited pesticides, including 6-benzylaminopurine, and to increase farmers' awareness of safe pesticide use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review explores solar dryers' use for agricultural products, focusing on their socioeconomic benefits in the community. Despite significant technical advancements in solar dryers, there is a notable lack of documentation regarding their socioeconomic impacts on society. This gap impedes awareness of the potential benefits of solar dryers, contributing to their low adoption rates and, consequently, limiting their overall impact on society. A decade of published articles from Google Scholar, Scopus, Embase, and Taylor and Francis were synthesized through content analysis to gather evidence on the socioeconomic benefits of this technology. The review found technical advancements from passive to hybrid systems, highlighting their potential to enhance drying efficiency, product quality, and economic, social, and environmental benefits. The evidence of the socioeconomic benefits, in particular, indicates that solar dryers can increase farmers' annual profits by $15,683, reduce drying operation costs by $757.31, and save up to 5 days of drying time. Furthermore, the study found that solar dryers contribute to environmental conservation initiatives by mitigating the emission of up to 430,714.76 tons of CO2 in a year, minimizing overdependence on traditional energy sources, increasing energy accessibility, and optimizing drying space. However, the review identifies a need for further research to quantify solar dryers’ impact on postharvest management, waste reduction, and job creation in the agricultural drying value chain. It also recommends involving society in technology co-creation and suggests that policymakers and practitioners incentivize their adoption through financial and non-financial support.

The objective of this article is to examine the principal indicators of competitiveness and environmental factors, to delineate the methodologies employed in the analysis and assessment of the competitiveness of agrarian enterprises, and to justify the marketing management decisions aimed at enhancing the level of competitiveness, thereby enabling agrarian enterprises to adapt to the contemporary conditions of agribusiness. The study's methodology was based on a synthesis of the results of applied economic research, as well as the scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists. This synthesis highlighted the fundamental theories of competitive advantage, competitiveness, and marketing management. Results. The article examines the principal indicators of competitiveness and environmental factors, considers the methods of analysis and assessment of the competitiveness of agrarian enterprises, and justifies marketing management decisions aimed at enhancing the level of competitiveness in order to facilitate the adaptation of agrarian enterprises to the contemporary conditions of agribusiness. Practical results. It has been demonstrated that it is of the utmost importance for agricultural enterprises to promptly identify and respond to changes in the competitive environment in order to optimise their strategies and minimise potential risks. Accordingly, a comprehensive understanding and analysis of these aspects is essential for an effective assessment of the marketing environment itself. Those engaged in agricultural production who possess competitive advantages are able to adapt to the complex and dynamic factors that characterise the macro-, micro-, marketing and competitive environment. This enables them to strengthen their market positions and to minimise the risks associated with numerical data. Value / Originality. In order to ascertain the competitiveness of an agricultural enterprise, it is necessary to undertake a comparative analysis of the enterprise in question with respect to a number of key indicators. These include the enterprise's conditions, resources and productivity, which should be evaluated in accordance with appropriate methods.

Abstract The volatile aroma released from agricultural products is closely related to the health status and quality of their growth, thus endowing the related detection with great significance. For example, the dynamic variation of the volatile chemical composition of a banana during the growth process can reflect its ripeness. Also important for quality monitoring and storage is to precisely and swiftly identify volatile compounds produced by mildew in rice and wheat. In this endeavor, the current detection technologies such as gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry method (GC‐MS) cannot meet the pressing needs of smart agriculture in terms of real‐time monitoring, cost‐effectiveness, sensitivity, and detection speed, thereby necessitating alternative strategies to simultaneously satisfy these requirements. Aiming to provide an overall development trend in this field, this paper summarizes the existing detection technologies including GC‐MS, E‐nose, and sensory analysis with their respective shortcomings and challenges, and then proposes the application prospects. This work can effectively enrich the reliable monitoring methods for volatile agricultural fragrance while promoting the long‐run development of smart agriculture.

Introduction: Improving living standards in developing countries and rapid population growthhave significant effects on the economy and environment. Population growth leads to anincrease in demand for agricultural products, which increases environmental pollution, reducesthe productivity of natural resources, and has a negative effect on economic growth. Therefore,the aim of this research is to investigate the short-term and long-term relationship betweenagricultural production, economic growth, and environmental pollution in Iran.Material and Methods: In this research, time series data for the period of 1991-2020 werecollected from the database of the World Bank and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO),and the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) models were used. First, the augmentedDickey-Fuller (ADF) and Phillips-Perron tests were performed to test the stationarity. Then,according to the values of Akaike, Schwarz, and Bayesian information criterion, the optimalnumber of lags was selected. ARDL bounds test was used to test the presence of the long-runrelationship between the variables, and then short and long-run relationships and errorcorrection models (ECM) were estimated. Finally, the causality between pairwise variables wasinvestigated by using the Granger causality test.Results and Discussion: The results of short-term relationships show that a one percentincrease in economic growth, rural population, gross capital formation, and agriculturalproduction increases CO2 emissions by 0.307%, decreases by 2.937%, and increases by0.087%, and 0.065%, respectively. The effect of foreign direct investment on CO2 emissions inthe short term was not significant. However, a one percent increase in the lag of foreign directinvestment will increase CO2 emissions by 0.01%. The long-term results show that a onepercent increase in economic growth, rural population, agricultural products, foreign directinvestment, and gross capital formation will increase CO2 emissions by 0.662%, decrease by3.807%, and increase by 0.141%, by 0.024% and 0.188%, respectively. The results of theGranger causality test show the bidirectional causality relationship between economic growth,agricultural production, foreign direct investment, and CO2 emissions, as well as foreign directinvestment and agricultural production. Also, there is causality in only one direction betweengross capital formation and CO2 emissions, agricultural production and economic growth,foreign direct investment and economic growth, agricultural production and rural population,rural population and foreign direct investment, and rural population and CO2 emissions. Inaddition, there is a long-term positive and significant relationship between CO2 emissions andeconomic growth, gross capital formation, agricultural production, and foreign directinvestment. The long-run result demonstrated by the FMOLS and DOLS methods was the sameas the finding of the ARDL approach.Conclusion: In Iran, enhancing agricultural mechanization, promoting renewable energy,enforcing environmental regulations, adopting green technologies, investing in R&D, andattracting foreign investments are crucial to reduce CO2 emissions and pollution. Fossil fueldependentindustries, capital formation, and rural populations also impact environmentalpollution, emphasizing the need for employment opportunities in rural areas to mitigate theseeffects.

The article analyzed the level and changes in prices of selected agricultural products in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic. The scope of the analysis included data for the years 2018-2022. Central Statistical Office data on the purchase and prices of agricultural products and the consumer price index (CPI) were used. Data on purchasing prices included average annual and monthly prices for products paid to agricultural producers by purchasing entities (commercial, industrial and agricultural). The prices of carefully selected agricultural products were analyzed – three from animal production and three from plant production, i.e. pigs, poultry, cow milk and potatoes, which constitute the basis of the household consumption basket, and rye and wheat, as the basic raw materials of the food industry. In 2021-2022, the purchase prices of agricultural products, calculated as an arithmetic average, increased annually. Analyzing price changes expressed by the m/m index and the price dispersion measure, greater dynamics and, potatoes and pigs. These phenomena were reported on a larger scale in 2021-2022. Prices of selected agricultural products and the value of the price index of consumer goods and services showed similar directions of changes. Agricultural product prices and CPI values were relatively stable in 2018-2019. The highest prices of selected agricultural products, their dispersion, changes expressed in amounts and percentages, as well as CPI values, were recorded in 2021-2022. The values of seasonality indices of purchase prices for agricultural products indicated the greatest variability concerning the average prices in the season, taking the example of potato purchase prices.

The relevance of the study is due to the deterioration of the environment and the low level of application of green technologies in the agricultural sector of Ukraine. The aim was to outline the current problems for farmers in the use of green farming methods and to find solutions. The study assessed the level of use of certain green technologies in agricultural production in Ukraine. The main results obtained in this work are: determining Ukraine’s place in the Green Future Index ranking in various areas during 2021-2023 and comparing it with Iceland, Finland, and Norway; identifying areas of green technologies that need to be developed in Ukraine during martial law and after the war (precision and organic farming, the introduction of biotechnology to create genetically modified organisms and the transition to alternative energy sources). The study of the dependence of farmers’ propensity to use green technologies on the size of farming confirms its undeniable presence. The analysis of foreign experience in precision agriculture allowed formulating recommendations for foreign companies entering the Ukrainian market to promote the use of precision agriculture in Ukraine. The findings on the growing electricity shortage helped to justify the further use of alternative energy sources in the context of the conflict. A study of the negative impact of the hostilities on Ukrainian land allowed classifying such types of impact and developing measures to restore the soil. The assessment of the use of technologies in agriculture helped to identify areas for the introduction of a green economy in the agricultural sector in Ukraine, which will help to increase agricultural yields without harming the environment and increase its competitiveness. The results and conclusions have practical implications for the Government in developing agricultural policy and for farmers in managing their farms

The study presents the results of a study of the documents of the Territorial Body of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Oryol region (1988-1991) stored in the fund of the State archives of the Oryol region, related to agro-industrial production in agricultural areas contaminated with 137Cs as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl accident. Rehabilitation of agricultural lands in radioactively contaminated areas of the Oryol region remains relevant to the present day. Search, selection and scanning of the most important documents on the subject of “Protective and Rehabilitation Measures Related to the Elimination of the Consequences of the Chernobyl accident” in the agro-industrial complex of the Oryol region in 1988-1991 were carried out. On the basis of the prepared electronic copies of the selected documents, a database was formed containing information on the size of sown (harvested) areas and the actual harvest in the agricultural areas of the Oryol region contaminated with 137Cs as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl accident in 1988-1991.

Abstract Various types of foreign fibres may be mixed in the planting, transportation, and production processes of cotton, which not only cause equipment to be out of control, but also leads to a decrease in the quality of cotton textile products and economic losses. The machine vision based detection method for cotton foreign fibres is widely used. Based on existing related research, we construct a classification dataset for cotton foreign fibres in practical scenarios, named the CF2113‐10 dataset. The authors design a basic foreign fibre classification network called CottonNet that balances performance and efficiency. The classification accuracy on the validation set reached 94.2%. In order to enhance the high‐level feature extraction ability, this paper improves the feature fusion method of residual networks and proposes CottonNet‐Res, which improves the classification accuracy to 95.1%. Finally, a classification model based on feature difference fitting, CottonNet‐Fusion, is proposed to address the classification problem of foreign fibre images sampled in complex environments. The classification accuracy of foreign fibre images sampled in ordinary scenes has improved to 97.4%, while the images sampled in complex environments maintain an accuracy of 90.3%.

The geographical indications are part of the intellectual property system, and their importance was proven over time both from consumer protection point of view, but also from business point of view. Since almost the end of 2023 we have a new EU Regulation which regulates the GIs for craft and industrial products at EU level and this paper is proposing to present the final legal framework and the provisions implemented regarding the products that will be object of the protection, the registration, opposition and cancellation procedures, the actions against which the registered GIs are protected, the new role of the EUIPO and other novelty aspects in comparison with (1) the legal provisions under the proposal of the EU Regulation, (2) the existing GIs for other types of products and with (3) the new proposal for GIs for wine, spirit drinks and agricultural products.