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Background: Stressful life events (SLEs), impulsivity, aggression, and hostility are known risk factors for suicide. The existence of an "I-A-H Triad" (composed of impulsiveness, aggressiveness and hostility) is proposed as a mediating factor between SLEs and suicide. Method: Data on 399 deceased people (274 from suicide, 125 from other causes) were collected through psychological autopsy. The Paul Ramsey Life Experience Scale (to collect SLE history), the Barrat Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11) and the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory (BDHI) were applied, using versions adapted for psychological autopsy. Results: Comparative analysis of the two groups showed significant differences in the variables of interest (SLE: t = 7.280; BDHI: t = 4.201; BIS-11: t = 3.812; I-A-H Triad: t = 4.84). Mediation analysis confirmed the role of the I-A-H Triad in mediation of the presence of SLEs and the type of death. Conclusions: High levels of impulsivity, aggression, and hostility increase the risk of suicide when a person is faced with SLEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The hostility is defined as an emotional state that ranges in intensity from mild irritation to rage or anger, while video game dependence is a non-chemical addiction that derives in a potentially addictive behavior. The principal objective of this study was to analyze the correlation between the variables hostility and videogame dependence in adolescents. The design of this study was quantitative non-experimental, whit a descriptive-correlational approach. The sample included 90 young people between 12 and 16 years of age belonging to a private educational unit in the city of Ambato. To measure the study variables, were applied the Buss-Durke Hostility Aggressiveness Inventory adapted by Carlos Reyes Romero in 1987 and the Video Game Dependence Test adapted by Salas, Merino, Choliz and Marco in 201. The results revealed that there is a slight positive relationship between the hostility and video game dependence, whit a higher prevalence of hostility at a high level and moderate level of video game dependence. In addition, significant differences were found in the video game dependence of adolescents of different ages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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El presente estudio tuvo como propósito principal determinar la relación entre la ansiedad y las estrategias de afrontamiento empleadas por personas privadas de la libertad (PPL) en el EPMSC Establecimiento de Reclusión Especial Barranquilla-Cárcel del Bosque. Para ello se siguió una ruta de investigación cuantitativa, de diseño no experimental, transversal y de alcance correlacional. La muestra estuvo conformada por 98 PPL, en edades entre 19 y 73 años, a quienes se aplicaron los instrumentos Escala de Valoración de la Ansiedad de Hamilton y Escala de Estrategias de Afrontamiento de Coping Modificada. Los resultados señalan niveles moderados de ansiedad, siendo los PPL más jóvenes (19-27 años) los que presentan mayor ansiedad psíquica; las personas mayores de 50 años tienden más a buscar solución a los problemas. Se concluye que a mayores niveles de ansiedad mayor relación con la estrategia de afrontamiento reacción agresiva.

Background: Combatants who are exposed to events that transgress deeply held moral beliefs might face lasting psychopathological outcomes, referred to as Moral Injury (MI). However, knowledge about pre-deployment factors that might moderate the negative consequences of MI is sparse. In this prospective study, we examined pre-enlistment characteristics and pre-deployment personality factors as possible moderators in the link between exposure to potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs) and psychiatric symptomatology among Israeli active-duty combatants. Methods: A sample of 335 active-duty Israeli combatants participated in a 2.5-year prospective study with three waves of measurements (T1: 12 months before enlistment, T2: Six months following enlistment – pre-deployment, and T3: 18 months following enlistment – postdeployment). Participants’ characteristics were assessed via semi-structured interviews (T1) and validated self-report measures of personality factors: emotional regulation, impulsivity, and aggression (T2) and combat exposure, PMIEs, psychiatric symptomology and posttraumatic symptoms (T3) between 2019 and 2021. Results: Pre-enlistment psychiatric difficulties and negative life events contributed to higher exposure to PMIEs post-deployment. Higher levels of pre-deployment aggression and lower levels of emotional regulation and impulsivity moderated the association between betrayal, PMIEs and psychiatric symptomology post-deployment, above and beyond pre-enlistment psychiatric difficulties and life events. Conclusions: Our results highlight that pre-deployment emotional regulation, impulsivity and aggressiveness levels should be assessed, screened, and identified among combatants, as they all facilitate psychiatric symptomology (and PTSS) after combatants are exposed to PMIEs of betrayal. Such pre-assessment will enable the identification of at-risk combatants and might provide them with tailor-made preparation regarding moral and ethical situations that should be investigated in future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Las conductas agresivas en la población adolescente y joven son preocupantes. Las investigaciones muestran mayor tendencia a la violencia en los varones, pero también se ha explorado la incidencia de los roles de género en los distintos tipos de conductas violentas. El objetivo ha sido analizar las evidencias empíricas sobre la influencia de los roles de género medidos por el BSRI, en el comportamiento agresivo de adolescentes y jóvenes. Para ello se ha realizado una revisión sistemática según directrices PRISMA de los estudios empíricos encontrados en Academic Search, PsicInfo, ProQuest y Google Scholar, incluyendo 16 estudios. Los resultados no son del todo concluyentes: de una parte de los estudios analizados muestran una relación directa y positiva entre los comportamientos violentos, con el rol de género masculino, y el valor protector del rol femenino. Sin embargo, otra parte de las investigaciones contradicen estos resultados, encontrando en la alta feminidad y la androginia vínculos significativos con algunos tipos de conductas violentas. Es importante que nuevas investigaciones aborden este objeto de estudio.

Resumen: Introducción: La estimulación cerebral profunda (DBS deep brain stimulation en inglés) implica la administración de micropulsos eléctricos hacia localizaciones subcorticales específicas. Inicialmente utilizada para manejar trastornos motores; es también efectiva sobre patologías neuropsiquiátricas, como la agresividad refractaria a tratamiento convencional. Este trabajo analizó estudios que emplearon DBS en la agresividad refractaria con la finalidad de identificar los parámetros de estimulación más utilizados. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión en bases Scopus, Cochrane, ScienceDirect y PubMed, identificando reportes o series de casos en humanos donde se utilizó DBS como terapia hacia comportamiento agresivo refractario, que expliciten parámetros de estimulación. Resultados: Se incluyeron 17 trabajos con un total de 58 pacientes, considerando los criterios establecidos. El blanco más utilizado fue el hipotálamo posteromedial. La mayoría de los pacientes mejoraron significativamente tras iniciar DBS. El rango de frecuencias predominante fue entre 180-185 Hz (75,8% del total) y el ancho de pulso predominante fue entre 60-90 μs (84,4% del total). Conclusiones: La DBS sobre el hipotálamo posteromedial a altas frecuencias y ancho de pulso relativamente bajo parece ser efectiva para tratar la agresividad refractaria; pero se desconoce la programación óptima para la terapia. Se requieren más estudios sobre el fundamento fisiológico del procedimiento, al igual que cohortes más grandes para el seguimiento. Abstract: Introduction: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) consists of the administration of electrical micropulses towards specific subcortical locations. Initially used as a treatment for motor disorders; It is also effective in neuropsychiatric pathologies, including aggressiveness refractory to conventional treatment. This study aims to review experiences with DBS for refractory aggressiveness and identify the most frequent stimulation parameters. Methods: A review of databases Scopus, Cochrane, ScienceDirect and PubMed was carried out, identifying reports or case series in humans where DBS was used to manage refractory aggressive behavior and which contained stimulation parameters. Results: 17 papers with a total of 58 patients were included, according to the established criteria. The posteromedial hypothalamus was the most frequently used target. Most of the patients improved significantly after starting DBS. The predominant frequency range was between 180-185 Hz (75.8% of cases) and the predominant pulse width range was between 60-90 μs (84.4% of cases). Conclusions: DBS of the posteromedial hypothalamus at high frequencies and relatively low pulse width seems to be effective for the treatment of refractory aggression; but the optimal setting for treatment is unknown. More studies are required on the physiological basis on which it operates, as well as larger cohorts of individuals for follow-up.

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The attitudes and behaviors of parents towards raising children can be risk or protective factors and influence the presence of behavioral problems in minors. The objective of this research was to identify the relationship between internalizing and externalizing behavior problems with the parenting patterns referred to by children from fourth to sixth grade in a public primary school in the state of Tlaxcala. The study was correlational-transversal, quantitative. With a non- probabilistic, intentional sample, made up of 278 students (Mage 9.54 (SD=0.877). The Inventory of Parenting Guidelines and the Questionnaire of Internalized and Externalized Problems for Children (CPIEN) For data analysis, SPSS version 22 was used. The results showed negative correlations ranging from low to moderate between supportive discipline and disruptive behavior (r= -.30**), aggressive (r= -.19*), self-harm (r= -.31**) and depression (r= -.26**) and positive with adaptive behavior (r= .31**).In coercive discipline there was a positive correlation and moderate with depression (r= .28*).Finally, indifferent discipline showed a strong negative correlation with disruptive behavior (rs= -.56**) and another positive one with adaptive behavior (rs= .68**). It is concluded that it is essential that parents exercise a supportive parenting style to promote the optimal development of their children, likewise it is suggested to take into account other factors related to the family in future investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Constituye el propósito de esta investigación elaborar un modelo de educación de la autoestima referida al rol de género en educandos con trastorno de conducta con manifestaciones de agresividad. Se presenta este estudio como respuesta a las insuficiencias detectadas en el proceso de educación de su sexualidad. Los métodos: análisis documental, entrevista, observación, test de frases incompletas; permitieron constatar las insuficiencias presentes en esta esfera. En el modelo de educación de la autoestima referida al rol de género en educandos se connotan: la representación cognitiva alusiva al rol de género, la acción mancomunada de los diferentes agentes socializadores participantes en la educación de la autoestima referida al rol de género en educandos y la utilización de un instrumental favorecedor de la socialización y el manejo de las emociones por parte de los educandos.

El objetivo principal del estudio fue analizar si existen diferencias en las tendencias de acción (asertiva, agresiva y de sumisión) de mujeres deportistas en función del tipo de deporte que practican (contacto, no contacto). Las investigaciones sugieren que las participantes en deportes en los que no hay contacto físico con el adversario muestran un razonamiento más maduro sobre dilemas morales de tendencias de acción en el deporte que las participantes en deportes de contacto medio-alto. 272 mujeres deportistas (149 de deportes de no contacto físico; 123 de deportes con contacto físico) con edades comprendidas entre 11 y 16 años (M = 13.48, DT = 1.93) contestaron a tres cuestionarios. Se probaron diferentes modelos lineales generalizados y en todos ellos el tipo de deporte (contacto, no contacto) predijo las tendencias de acción asertiva y agresiva en el deporte en presencia de las tendencias de acción asertiva y agresiva en otros contextos (rasgo) y del estilo interpersonal del entrenador. Los resultados sugieren que el tipo de deporte practicado modela las tendencias de acción relacionadas con dilemas morales en mujeres deportistas.

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Aggression and psychopathy are prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity-related and the maturation of this region takes approximately 21 years. Our aim was to assess differences in aggression and psychopathy levels between an adolescent group (máx age 20) and a prisoner group. It counted with a sample of 48 male prisoners mean aged 34,6 (SD = 3.66) and 48 male adolescents mean aged 17,75 (SD = 1.5). The participants answered the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire; the Levenson Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale (LSRS) and a demographic questionnaire. The Mann-Whitney test and the Student's t-test results shown significant differences only for secondary psychopathy, which was higher in the prisoner group. Our findings were discussed considering the relationship between the PFC development and external factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In recent years, the number of emergencies related to child mental health problems has increased significantly. Our aim is to describe the children with aggressive behavior attended in our emergency department and to analyze possible risk factors related to the most severe episodes. Materials and methods: Retrospective study conducted between January 2011-December 2020 at La Paz Children Hospital. Children under 16 years diagnosed with aggressive behavior were included, excluding selfharm. Episodes that required pharmacological or physical restraint were classified as severe. Results: A total of 114 episodes were recorded (78.1% male; median age 13.2 years). Psychiatric history was present in 93.8%, 18.4% with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Episode duration was less than 24 hours in 81.6%. Aggression was mainly directed against third parties (69.3%). Among the triggers, the presence of domestic conflicts accounted for 46.5% of the cases, 18.8% of which were related to the use of cell phones. Thirty-five episodes (30.7%) were considered severe. None of the variables analyzed showed statistically significant association with severity. Conservative measures were used to manage the episode in 74.6% of the cases, pharmacological containment in 27.7% and physical restraints in 6.1%. Conclusion: Emergencies due to aggressive behavior were more frequent in boys and patients with history of psychological or psychiatric disorders. In most cases, they were solved with conservative measures. Cases requiring pharmacological treatment and/or physical restraint were not associated with any risk factor that could predict the severity of the violent behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nationalist violence between Chileans and Peruvians that occurred before the plebiscite vote that would define the sovereignty of Tacna and Arica is unique in the history of Latin America. Its uniqueness lies in the long wait that these inhabitants suffered to resolve a crucial aspect in the conformation of their national identities, because according to the Treaty of Ancón of 1883 that ended the War of the Pacific, the election should have been held in 1894. For these reasons, this article analyzes the nationalist aggressiveness between Chileans and Peruvians during 1925-1926 in Tacna and Arica, emphasizing that practiced by the latter group, since historiography has not clearly highlighted the use of this Peruvian political resource. The objective is to contextualize the causes of said aggressiveness and analyze it from psychoanalysis. For this, government, criminal and journalistic sources were used to which a documentary and index analysis linked to psychoanalytic theory was carried out. It is concluded that aggressiveness was exercised in a similar way by Chileans and Peruvians, and that it was legitimized by social institutions that justified the violence during the elections. In this sense, it is essential to suggest as a research finding that during the phase studied it is possible to distinguish a «narcissism from small differences», a concept taken from psychoanalysis to make a reading about the specular rivalry between Chileans and Peruvians, which was founded on differential elements that overlooked the common features that united these peoples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we analyze how "child aggressiveness" was included in the classification systems of the DSM throughout its successive editions. First, we identified the significant transformations in the use of this clinical sign. Then, we discuss the clinical and political consequences of its transformations, both in the formulation of a psychopathology specific to childhood and regarding the social definition of normality and conduct deviations. Finally, we observed that the alleged regulation of childhood by the production of normative discourses about aggressiveness was followed by the increase of aggressive expressions of discontent and subjectivation of suffering. Our hypothesis is that such production is reinforced by neoliberal demands of performance, thus ignoring social and subjective demands for recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Los escolares con altos comportamientos agresivos tienen más probabilidad de estar relacionados con situaciones de perpetración y victimización por ciberbullying; asimismo, la desconexión moral ha demostrado su asociación con comportamientos agresivos, considerando a los entornos virtuales como medios de desarrollo de conductas desinhibidas para el ciberbullying. El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar el papel mediador de la desconexión moral en la relación del comportamiento agresivo con la cibervictimización y ciberagresión. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 729 escolares peruanos, del nivel secundario, fueron 415 hombres (56.9%) y 314 mujeres (43.1%), las edades estuvieron entre los 12 a los 18 años (Medad = 14.58; DE = 1.274), obtenidos mediante un muestreo por conveniencia. Los participantes completaron los cuestionarios sobre ciberbullying, agresividad y desconexión moral. Se consideró el uso del paquete estadístico SPSS para el análisis de datos. El análisis de mediación reveló que la desconexión moral media la relación entre la agresividad y ciberbullying (cibervictimización y ciberagresión). Se concluye, que los escolares desinhiben sus creencias morales, en la incidencia de comportamientos de agresividad verbal, expresión de ira y hostilidad en entornos virtuales que impliquen la perpetración y victimización.

Desde su aparición en los años 70, los posibles efectos psicosociales de los videojuegos, positivos o negativos, han sido objeto de una considerable polémica. La mayoría de los argumentos en uno u otro sentido se han basado más en opiniones personales y prejuicios que en los datos de investigación. En este artículo revisamos el estado de la cuestión en relación con estos argumentos, tanto negativos (adicción, agresividad, aislamiento social, rendimiento escolar, desplazamiento de otras actividades, conducta delictiva o antisocial, juego patológico, consumo de sustancias, trastornos médicos) como positivos (entrenamiento y mejora de habilidades, utilidades terapéuticas, uso como medio didáctico).

Introduction: Self-depreciation is a construct rarely studied by psychology, usually considered just a facet opposite to self-esteem. However, the literature presents its relationship with mental health and well-being, indicating the relevance of further investigations. Objective: The present research aimed to develop a measure for self-deprecation. Method: Were conducted two studies, both with 200 brazilian participants (M = 21,73; SD = 5,87). In addition to the developed instrument, the second study used the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Single-Item Self-Esteem Scale, the Single-Item Narcissism Scale and the Aggression Questionnaire. Results: Initially, exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis were performed on the instrument, which indicated a single factor organization, explaining 35 % of the variance and obtaining the reliability of ω = 0,89. The second study sought to carry out confirmatory analysis, calibration analysis, and correlations between self-deprecation, self-esteem, narcissism, and aggression. The scale had a good fit index of adjustment (CFI = 0,97; TLI = 0,97; RMSEA = 0,04; and SRMR = 0,05). There was a negative correlation between self-esteem (r =-0,75) and self-deprecation, as well as a positive one with all aggression factors. Conclusions: The Self-Deprecation Scale showed evidence of factor validity and reliability. Despite this, the limitations of the study are highlighted, especially the use of convenience sampling. It is concluded that the objectives were met. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article proposes to question our role and function as analysts in this new daily practice, which was installed with the pandemic and ASPO, by Covid 19. The objective will be to maintain a dialogue based on processing strategy and technical issues, in an emergency whose The complexity was rooted in an unknown urgency in health and, likewise, analyzing some consequences generated in our emotional baggage as analysts and with our patients. In this regard, some intergame coordinates with what has been learned in this time and space in the clinical experience and subjective implication of a creative possibility will be proposed - based on the study of the conceptions of aggressiveness (Winnicott, 2003) and creativity (Winnicott, 1996) - Exercising our work from virtuality repositions us: the virtual will not mean transitionality. How to return these manifestations to the intermediate zone of experience (Winnicott, 1996)? Crucial to our practice and game offer in the analytical device, we return to Donald Winnicott to revalue the experience and its potential for shaping a transitional space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: aggression in the child-juvenile stage is a problem that has a significant impact on most countries. It is frequent in school children, so it is necessary to have valid and reliable instruments that allow its evaluation. Objective: to validate Little's aggressiveness scale in Cuban schoolchildren from the municipality of Santa Clara, Villa Clara, Cuba. Method: a quantitative paradigm with a non-experimental design and an instrumental type of study was assumed. A stratified probabilistic sampling was used by means of a random selection. The sample was made up of 266 schoolchildren from the Santa Clara municipality, out of a universe of 21,106 schoolchildren. Descriptive data analysis techniques were essentially used, in particular frequencies, as well as classical descriptive statistics and inferential techniques (Cronbach's alpha, Pearson's correlation coefficient, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis). Results: a coherent factorial structure of 4 factors with adequate goodness-of-fit indices was obtained. It did not correspond to the proposal of the authors of the original version. Conclusions: the reliability and validity of Little's aggressiveness scale is corroborated, as well as the feasibility of its application to evaluate the construct in Cuban school children.

According to the National Criminal Information System, in Argentina there is a sustained growth in crimes and problems associated with aggressiveness. In addition, there is an increase in the number of women who have been victims of violence in the last year. Despite this problem, there are no psychometric instruments properly adapted to the adult population. The validation of the Aggression Questionnaire (AQ) was done with 799 adult participants (65.8% were women). Previous studies propose factorial structures that vary between two and four factors, so we compared the fitting of different models. The three-factor model (hostility, verbal violence, and physical violence) presented a better fit. Internal consistency levels were optimal (a values between .88 and .79). Likewise, favorable evidence of validity was obtained by correlating AQ scores with measures of Frustration Intolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aggression is an evolutionary behavior as it has a role in survival, increasing one's access to food, shelter, status and reproduction. Testosterone and Cortisol are hormones often linked to aggressive behavior. We gathered and organized data from the last five years on the relation among Testosterone, Cortisol and aggression, while assessing the methods used by those scientific papers. A systematic review was made according to PRISMA guidelines. The search for indexed articles was performed in January 2019 using the keywords aggress* AND Testosterone AND Cortisol in three databases: Web of Science, SCOPUS and PsycInfo. The specific role of Testosterone and Cortisol in aggressive behavior is not unanimous. However, most articles found either an increase in Testosterone or a decrease in Cortisol associated with this behavior. There is the need for standardizing methods of triggering and assessing aggressive behavior, taking into account the assessment of social desirability and its impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout his theory, Freud sought to understand and explain the human being’s aggressive and hostile manifestations. We can divide these explanations into three phases. In the first one, from the beginning of his writings until 1913, the link between aggressive manifestations and sexual instincts is emphasized. In the second phase, from 1914 to the texts that precede “Beyond the pleasure principle” (1920), the aggressive manifestations arising from the ego-instincts are emphasized. In the third phase, from 1920 until the end of Freud’s work, aggressive manifestations are thought, above all, as derived from the death instinct. In this article, we focus our attention on the first phase of Freud’s theorization on aggressiveness, discussing how the author conceived aggressive manifestations in this period. Most publications on aggressiveness in Freud’s work address the author’s ideas since 1920, so his previous conception on the subject remains unclear, which justifies the present work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Apuntes Universitarios: Revista de Investigación is the property of Universidad Peruana Union Filiar Tarapoto and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El presente estudio fue un pilotaje para la adaptación del programa JUEGO, con el propósito de incrementar la conducta prosocial de los niños participantes por medio de juegos cooperativos. Se desarrolló con 37 niños con edades comprendidas entre los ocho y 10 años, mediante un diseño cuasiexperimental pre-post de un solo grupo, muestreo por conveniencia con variables cuantitativas y cualitativas. Entre los resultados se destaca que hubo un incremento reportado por los niños en la conducta prosocial y una disminución estadísticamente significativa en la conducta agresiva p= 0.024 y en la pelea p= 0.018. Se concluye que es posible incrementar la conducta prosocial y disminuir las conductas agresivas que inciden en el acoso escolar con la implementación del programa basado en juegos cooperativos.

En la actualidad, la investigación sobre los beneficios y perjuicios de los videojuegos en el bienestar psicológico de los individuos ha arrojado evidencia contradictoria en variables como el tiempo que se dedica a esta práctica y la expresión de la agresividad. Este estudio tiene como objetivo describir la asociación entre el tiempo que las personas dedican diariamente a los videojuegos y la tendencia a la agresividad. Se realizó un diseño correlacional de corte factorial (4 x 2 x 2 x 4) considerando variables de edad, sexo, tipo de universidad y tiempo diario de dedicación. Se aplicó un instrumento online de 20 ítems en escala Likert de 5 niveles de acuerdo a una muestra de 121 estudiantes universitarios de Bogotá D.C. El plan de análisis incluyó análisis factorial exploratorio en JASP 0.12.2.0 y análisis de varianza, análisis de varianza multivariado y descripción del perfil de la población de estudio en SPSS 24. Se obtuvieron tres factores de interés: ansiedad en el uso de los videojuegos, agresividad instrumental y agresividad verbal. Adicionalmente se encontraron diferencias significativas entre jugadores casuales (menos de 2 horas diarias) y jugadores con tiempo diario de juego superior a 2 horas en ítems de insulto instrumental, aislamiento, manipulación emocional y troleo. Se discuten las implicaciones teóricas de los hallazgos y se ofrecen estrategias para disminuir el impacto del tiempo de ocio de pantalla, resaltando el potencial educativo de los videojuegos dentro de límites temporales adecuados con el propósito de prevenir futuros desórdenes de adicción a los videojuegos.

Objetivos: Se evaluó empíricamente un modelo de factores de riesgo familiares y prácticas de disciplina severa que predicen la conducta agresiva infantil, identificando su adecuación en términos del ajuste de datos y congruencia conceptual. Método: Se utilizó una muestra de 409 madres de niños de escuelas primarias públicas. Los factores de riesgo familiares seleccionados fueron: síntomas de ansiedad materna, violencia marital y prácticas de disciplina severa; la variable criterio fue la conducta agresiva infantil. El modelo supone que la ansiedad materna y la violencia marital tienen efectos sobre la conducta agresiva infantil, mediados por las prácticas de disciplina severa. La estrategia de investigación se diseñó con un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales, el cual fue satisfactorio (CFI = .952, NNFI = .94 y RMSEA = .08); el modelo predijo el 34% de la varianza de los problemas de conducta agresiva infantil. Por sus efectos directos, la disciplina severa depende de la ansiedad materna (β = .44) y de la violencia marital (β = .10). La disciplina severa es una variable mediadora entre la conducta agresiva de los niños y la ansiedad materna y la violencia marital (β = .59). Resultados: Los resultados indican que la ansiedad materna y la violencia marital tienen efectos significativos en los problemas de conducta agresiva de los niños mediados por las prácticas disciplinarias. Conclusión: La confirmación de los resultados requiere de nuevos estudios con diferentes poblaciones que permitan generalizar los hallazgos.

The objective of this study was to assess the competitive ability of canola (Brassica napus var. oleifera) hybrids in competition with black oat (Avena strigosa) in a subtropical environment. The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse where canola hybrids 'Hyola 61,' 'Hyola 76,' 'Hyola 433,' and 'Hyola 571' were tested individually for their competitive performance with black oat. The plant proportion between black oat and the canola hybrid was changed (100%:0%; 75%:25%; 50%:50%; 25%:75%; and 0%:100%) while keeping the total population of plants constant (20 plants plot-1). Photosynthesis rate (µmol m-2 s-1), internal CO2 concentration (µmol mol-1), and transpiration rate (mol H2O m-2 s-1) were assessed using an infrared gas analyzer 55 days after emergence. Leaf area (m² m-2) and dry matter (g m-2) were also assessed on the same day. The data set was analyzed by the replacement series method for competition studies. There was evidence of intense competition between canola and black oat, independent of plant proportion. The competitive ability of canola was distinct among hybrids; Hyola 571 performed better than the others in the competition against black oat. Choosing the most competitive hybrid, such as Hyola 571, helps maintain high canola grain yield levels in areas infested with black oat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of EDU REVIEW: International Education & Learning Review / Revista Internacional de Educación & Aprendizaje is the property of Eagora Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)