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Introduction and Objective :"Friends with benefits" relationships (FWBR) are becoming increasingly common. Defined as friendships involving sexual activity without romantic commitment, FWBRs blur the boundaries between friendship and romance. The aim of this article is to gather the most up-to-date information on "friends with benefits" relationships. Review Methods: A review of studies available on the PubMed platform (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) was conducted, including articles with free full-text access that used the keywords: “friends with benefits relationship”, “friends with benefits,” "FWB," and "FWBR." Brief Description of the State of Knowledge: Many individuals involved in friends with benefits relationships establish their own rules, and one surprising trend is the frequent observance of sexual exclusivity. Research on the prevalence of FWBRs has focused largely on students in the USA, but there is limited data on FWBRs in Poland, where they appear to be rising in popularity, influenced by dating sites and population migrations. Studies indicate that men, residents of larger cities, and less religious individuals are more likely to participate in FWBRs. Summary: FWBRs offer a unique dynamic where individuals can avoid the emotional commitments and negative traits of traditional romantic relationships. However, these relationships also present challenges, such as differing expectations between the partners and the societal stigma that may be associated with them.

Introduction and objective: Consensual non-monogamy (CNM) refers to various relationship types in which at least one partner, with the other’s consent, forms sexual and/or emotional connections with other people. In open relationships, partners are allowed to engage sexually with others, but emotional intimacy is reserved for the primary relationship, which takes precedence. The aim of this article is to gather the most up-to-date information on open relationships. Material and methods: A review of studies available on the PubMed platform (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) was conducted, including articles with free full-text access that used the keywords: “open relationship”, “CNM” and "Consensual non-monogamy." Brief Description of the State of Knowledge: CNM includes open relationships, polyamory, polyfidelity, and swinging. Interest in open relationships has increased in recent years, with more people expressing curiosity about them than those actively participating. Men, individuals with high cognitive empathy, those less prone to jealousy, and those capable of experiencing compersion—the joy from a partner’s involvement with others—are particularly interested in open relationships. Summary: Research suggests potential benefits of CNM, including greater relationship and sexual satisfaction compared to monogamous arrangements. However, open relationships can also pose challenges such as social stigma, the potential breakdown of the primary relationship, or complications in parenting for those involved. Despite growing interest, CNM and phenomena like compersion remain under-researched, providing an open field for further investigation into their dynamics and impact on individual and relational well-being.

Introduction and objective: Fabry disease (FD) is a rare lysosomal storage disorder that can manifest in classical and atypical forms, with the latter being more common. It results from deficient alpha-galactosidase activity, leading to the accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), causing inflammation, cellular damage, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The aim of this publication is to discuss various aspects of Fabry disease based on the latest literature. Review Methods: The PubMed database was searched for scientific articles where the terms "Fabry disease" or "FD" appear in the title, abstract, or keywords. The focus was on articles published between 2017 and 2024, although in some cases, older sources were consulted when more recent data was lacking. Brief Description of the State of Knowledge: The Fabry disease occurs with a frequency between 1:40,000 and 1:117,000 live male births. Symptoms include proteinuria, kidney failure, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, valve defects, peripheral neuropathy, and gastrointestinal issues. The disease affects life expectancy, primarily due to cardiovascular complications. Early diagnosis is often delayed due to non-specific symptoms, and prognosis tends to be worse in males. Current treatments include enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), chaperone therapy with migalastat, and second-generation ERT. Summary: Given the rarity of Fabry disease, research is limited, and there is a need for more studies to explore novel therapeutic options that could improve patient quality of life and mitigate the disease's complications.

Introduction and Objective: Pemphigoid gestationis (PG) is a rare, self-limiting autoimmune disorder, typically appearing in the second or third trimester of pregnancy. It can lead to postpartum exacerbations, and studies suggest an increased risk of preterm birth and the development of Graves' disease in the mother. The aim of this article is to gather the latest information on pemphigoid gestationis. Review Methods: A review of studies available in the PubMed database was conducted using the keywords "pemphigoid gestationis" and "dermatoses of pregnancy" in order to find publications from the last 8 years. Brief Description of the State of Knowledge: Pemphigoid gestationis (PG) is characterized by the production of IgG1 antibodies against bullous pemphigoid antigen 180 (BP180). The primary symptom of PG is intense itching, which often occurs before skin lesions develop. Diagnosis is typically confirmed through direct immunofluorescence (DIF) of perilesional skin. Treatment focuses on relieving itching and preventing new blister formation, usually starting with topical corticosteroids for mild cases, while systemic corticosteroids are reserved for more severe presentations. Recent research indicates that biologic therapies may also offer effective management options for PG. Summary: The authors highlight the need for further research due to the limited sample sizes in existing studies, as well as the potential complications during pregnancy and long-term health effects.

Introduction and purpose Erectile dysfunction (ED) is defined as the inability to achieve and maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual intercourse. Sildenafil is one of the most popular medications used to treat ED, but in recent years, there has been a growing trend of recreational use of this drug, particularly among younger individuals, which can lead to numerous negative health consequences. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the recreational use of sildenafil, especially among younger individuals. State of knowledge Sildenafil primarily affects the smooth muscle of the blood vessels in the corpora cavernosa, facilitating the achievement and maintenance of an erection. The most common side effects of sildenafil include headaches, dizziness, facial flushing, nausea, muscle pain, and nasal congestion. A relatively rare but potentially severe side effect of sildenafil is priapism. It is noted that those using sildenafil recreationally often have multiple sexual partners, as the drug helps them prolong sexual encounters. Studies show that sildenafil is used by groups that should have no problem achieving sexual satisfaction. The use of the drug in combination with alcohol and other substances is noticeable. Conclusions Recreational use of sildenafil appears to be an increasingly common behavior among young men who do not have difficulties achieving or maintaining an erection. There are no studies yet that specifically examine the recreational use of sildenafil among women. It is necessary to conduct further research to better understand the prevalence of this phenomenon and to identify the factors that predispose individuals to engage in recreational use of sildenafil.