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The Water and Forest Producer Project (PAF) - Rio Claro / RJ is located in the municipality of Rio Claro / RJ, where the head of Piraí River’s is located. It is in-serted in the basin of the Guandu river, a vital source of drinking water for 12 million people in the metro-politan region of Rio de Janeiro. The degradation of the Atlantic Forest has compromised the supply of environmental services, among which the provision of water in quantity and quality stands out. The proj-ect aims to encourage conservation and restoration of the forest through the mechanism of payment for environmental services, to improve the quality and quantity of water for several municipalities in Rio de Janeiro. The project works through voluntary action by rural landowners, who are financially compen-sated for adopting conservation and restoration practices on their properties. Currently, the project is being monitored with 70 rural landowners, ~ 4,562 ha of conservation areas, ~ 564 ha for restoration and R$ 8.5 million in investment in the first five yearsof operation. The impact scale of the project for now is local. The idea is to expand the project aiming to cover whole Guandu watershed.&nbsp

Soils play fundamental roles in the functioning of the Earth's ecosystems. Despite numerous initiatives to protect soils, it continues to be generally perceived as dirt or, at best, the surface we walk on. To better understand soil perception by the public, we conducted a survey with 99 participants from Poland and Brazil. We applied an opportunity sampling and conducted semi-structured interviews with 40 respondents from Poland and 30 from Brazil, and 29 unstructured interviews in Brazil. Most of the respondents (53%) of the semi-structured interviews associated soil with the surface where plants grow while 27% said that it is the ground we step on. When asked about pro-environmental campaigns, none of the respondents pointed to soil-related initiative. Most of the respondents (99%) claimed that there is a need to increase the knowledge about the importance of soils, mostly through education (30%). The majority of the respondents of the unstructured interviews in Brazil indicated provision services provided by soils and pointed to the need for youth engagement on soil communication, corroborating the results from the semi-structured interviews. To address this, present the results on artistic workshops as an experimental model for teaching and dissemination. We present two short documentary movies presenting the results from unstructured interviews and the artistic workshops which can be used as data gathering tool, teaching tool and for dissemination purposes. This paper not only presents primary data on the crucial problem of soil recognition but also presents a range of transdisciplinary approaches to help problem solving.

The term nature-based solutions (NBS) has gained traction in recent years and has been applied in many settings. There are few comprehensive assessment frameworks available that can guide NBS planning and implementation while at the same time capturing the short- and long-term impacts and benefits of the NBS. Here a recently presented framework, which builds on the theory of change and was developed to assess NBS at different phases of the project cycle, was applied to seven diverse case studies. The case studies addressed water quality and quantity issues in peri-urban areas across the global north and south. Framework indicators covering the sustainability dimensions (environmental, social and economic) were assessed at three stages of the framework: context, process and results. The work sought to investigate the following research objectives: (1) Can this framework be robust and yet flexible enough to be applied across a diverse selection of NBS projects that are at different phases of the project cycle and address different kinds of water challenges within varied ecological, social and economic contexts? (2) Is it possible to draw generalisations from a comparative analysis of the application of the framework to the case studies? Results showed that the framework was able to be applied to the case studies; however, their diversity showed that NBS projects designed in one context, for a specific purpose in a specific location, can not necessarily be transferred easily to another location. There were several process-based indicators that were universally significant for the case studies, including expertise, skills and knowledge of the involved actors, roles and responsibilities of involved actors and political support. The result-based indicators were case study-specific when environmental indicators were case study-specific, and important social indicators were environmental identity and recreational values. Overall, the use of the framework benefits the recognition of the implementation’s advances, such as the change in context, the processes in place and the results obtained. The authors would like to thank the European Commission and the Research Council of Norway (RCN-project number 300560), Swedish Research Council for Sustainable Development (FORMAS-project number 2018-02777), the Water Research Commission (WRC) in South Africa (Project: 2019/2020-00034) and Spain Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIU/AEI/FEDER) (PCI2019- 103674,2019), for funding the research in the frame of the collaborative international consortium NATWIP financed under the 2018 Joint Call of theWaterWorks2017 ERA-NET Cofund. This ERA-NET is an integral part of the activities developed by the Water JPI. We also acknowledge the International Institute for Sustainability for providing an in-kind contribution to this research. We also acknowledge that AEL received a grant from the Newton Advanced Fellowship (NAF/R2/18676), CAPES (001), CNPQ (308536/2018-5), FAPERJ (E-26/202.680/2018).

Area-based conservation measures, including protected areas (PA) and other effective area-based conservation measures (OECM), play an important role in biodiversity conservation. In the Brazilian Amazon, even though Conservation Units and Indigenous Lands have been shown to reduce deforestation, few studies have addressed Quilombola Territories, and none of the above-mentioned areas were evaluated according to their role in promoting native vegetation regrowth. Here, we used a matching analysis to show that Brazilian Amazon Indigenous Lands, Quilombola Territories, and two types of protected areas (Conservation Units of Restrict Use and Sustainable Use) contribute to reduced native vegetation conversion, when compared to their control areas. Indigenous Lands and Conservation Units of Restrict Use lost respectively 17 and five times less native vegetation cover than their unprotected control areas, between the years of 2005-2012. Similarly, Quilombola Territories had native vegetation loss rates 5.6 times lower than in matched controls. Importantly, our results demonstrate for the first time that between 2012-2017 Indigenous Lands and Quilombola Territories contributed two and three times more to native vegetation regrowth – a critical process for safeguarding biodiversity in many, if not all, parts of the world. Our results underscore the biological importance of areas beyond the formal protected areas system in conserving biodiversity and promoting forest regrowth.

Recent efforts to achieve social, economic, and environmental goals related to sustainability emphasize the importance of nature-based solutions (NBS), as grey infrastructure alone is insufficient to address current challenges. The majority of frameworks proposed in the literature fail to address the full potential of NBS, neglecting long-term results, unintended consequences, co-benefits, and their contribution to achieving global environmental agreements, such as the Agenda 2030, especially for water management in a peri-urban context. Here we present an innovative framework that can be applied to both NBS project planning and evaluation for several water-based challenges, giving practitioners and researchers a tool not only to evaluate ongoing projects but also to guide new ones. The framework considers three main stages of a NBS project: (1) context assessment, (2) NBS implementation and adaptation process, and (3) NBS results. This tool has the potential to be used to evaluate whether NBS projects are aligned with sustainability dimensions through a set of adaptable sustainability indicators. The framework can also highlight how the NBS targets are related to the sustainable development goals (SGD) and contribute to catalyzing the 2030 Agenda. The framework is an important tool for water management and other NBS types. The authors would like to thank the European Commission and the Research Council of Norway (RCN-project number 300560), Swedish Research Council for Sustainable Development (FORMAS-project number 2018-02777), Water Research Commission (WRC) in South Africa (Project: 2019/2020-00034), and Spain Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIU/AEI/FEDER) [PCI2019-103674,2019], for funding the research in the frame of the collaborative international consortium NATWIP financed under the 2018 Joint Call of the WaterWorks2017 ERA-NET Cofund. This ERA-NET is an integral part of the activities developed by the Water JPI. We also acknowledge the International Institute for Sustainability for providing an in-kind contribution to this research. We also acknowledge AEL received grant from Newton Advanced Fellowship (NAF/R2/18676), CAPES (001), CNPQ (308536/2018-5), FAPERJ (E-26/202.680/2018). Peer Reviewed Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::11 - Ciutats i Comunitats Sostenibles Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::13 - Acció per al Clima

Land is a source of sustenance, resources and “is literally the base upon which all human societies are built” (Owens and Cowell 2011). In addition to being a material base, land is charged with diverse social and cultural dimensions (Owens and Cowell 2011), while terrestrial ecosystems provide a number of ecosystem services (Daily 1997). The concept of ecosystem services is increasingly an inuential way to consider conservation and is becoming a central tool to express humanity’s need for the rest of living nature. Notwithstanding a number of denitions, the most commonly cited one is from the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA), which denes ecosystem services as “the benets people obtain from ecosystems” (MEA 2005). Terrestrial ecosystems provide regulating functions, for instance, for climate change; provisioning services for food, fuel, and water resources; supporting services for biodiversity and nutrient recycling; and nally, cultural, such as recreation (Figure 5.1). The capability of terrestrial ecosystems to provide these services is determined by changes in land use and land cover, socioeconomic factors, biodiversity, atmospheric composition, and climate (Metzger et al. 2006).

PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTITUIÇÕES COMUNITÁRIAS DE ENSINO PARTICULARES Os serviços ecossistêmicos (SE) são os benefícios que a sociedade obtém dos ecossistemas e que são fundamentais para o seu bem-estar. Para que este framework possa ser utilizado na tomada de decisão, o primeiro passo é o seu mapeamento. Esta dissertação mapeou qualitativamente o potencial de provisão de oito SE para a cidade do Rio de Janeiro – controle de inundações, manutenção da qualidade do ar, regulação climática, mitigação de tempestades e eventos extremos, beleza cênica, religião e espiritualidade, recreação e turismo, e saúde física e mental. O mapeamento foi realizado através de reclassificação de dados de uso e cobertura do solo, definição de SE prioritários e entrevistas com especialistas. O estudo constatou que houve aumento do percentual de área urbana e diminuição da provisão de cinco SE em todas as regiões da cidade. O estudo também mapeou a oferta e demanda de serviços ecossistêmicos culturais (SEC), com o objetivo de identificar a relação dos habitantes da cidade com os ecossistemas locais a partir da aplicação de questionário eletrônico. Verificou-se que os habitantes da Zona Sul e Zona Oeste frequentam, preferencialmente, áreas próximas aos bairros onde moram e, prioritariamente, praias. A Zona Norte é a região com maior percentual de área urbana (82 por cento) e menor oferta de áreas naturais. Apesar da cidade contar com uma enorme diversidade de ecossistemas, estes não estão distribuídos de maneira equânime no território e há diferenças significativas tanto na oferta de áreas naturais, quanto nas características socioeconômicas quando comparamos as cinco grandes Áreas de Planejamento municipais. Ecosystem services (ES) are the benefits that society obtains from ecosystems and are fundamental to human well-being. For this framework to be used in decision making, the first step is mapping ES. This study mapped the provision of eight ES for the city of Rio de Janeiro - flood control, air quality maintenance, climate regulation, mitigation of storms and extreme events, scenic beauty, religion and spirituality, recreation and tourism, and physical and mental health. Mapping was accomplished through reclassification of land use and land cover data, definition of priority ESs, and interviews with experts. The study found that there was an increase in the percentage of urban area and a decrease in the provision of five SEs in all regions of the city. The study also mapped the supply and demand of cultural ecosystem services (CES), to identifying the relationship of the city s inhabitants with local ecosystems through the application of an electronic questionnaire. It was found that the inhabitants of the South Zone and West Zone preferably frequent areas close to the neighborhoods and, as a priority, the beaches. The North Zone is the region with the highest percentage of urban area (82 percent) and the lowest offer of natural areas. Although the city has an enormous diversity of ecosystems, these are not equally distributed in the territory and there are significant differences both in the supply of natural areas and in socioeconomic characteristics when we compare the five large municipal Planning Areas.

PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTITUIÇÕES COMUNITÁRIAS DE ENSINO PARTICULARES O litoral sul fluminense vem passando por muitas mudanças desde a abertura da rodovia Rio-Santos na década de 1970, o que provocou diversos conflitos socioambientais em decorrência de um intenso processo de especulação imobiliária. Em paralelo, a criação de diversas unidades de conservação restringiu práticas das comunidades tradicionais locais e reorganizaram de diversas formas seus territórios. No ano de 2014, a crise hídrica do sudeste brasileiro afetou também comunidades rurais em Paraty, entre elas, a comunidade do Quilombo Campinho da Independência localizada na bacia do rio Carapitanga. Buscou-se compreender se a crise hídrica local se deu em decorrência unicamente de uma variabilidade climática ou se foi potencializada por mudanças socioambientais recentes. Sendo assim, foram analisados os processos sociais históricos que conduziram às mudanças de uso do solo na região, tendo como foco as comunidades quilombolas e suas formas de resistência e adaptação aos diferentes contextos históricos. Em seguida, foram analisadas variáveis ambientais locais como a distribuição histórica da precipitação na bacia do Carapitanga e as resultantes geo-hidroecológicas do manejo tradicional. Para tal, foram selecionadas três áreas no Quilombo do Campinho que foram utilizadas em tempos distintos: florestas de 30 e 50 anos regeneradas após abandono de roças e uma área de agrofloresta, recentemente implementada (10 anos). As variáveis monitoradas, coletadas e analisadas ao longo da pesquisa foram: precipitação, interceptação florestal, umidade do solo, capacidade de retenção hídrica da serrapilheira, propriedades físicas e condutividade hidráulica saturada (Ksat) do solo, levantamento fitossociológico das áreas regeneradas após o uso e a classificação das espécies arbóreas em grupos ecológicos. Os resultados indicam que o manejo destas comunidades produz na paisagem um mosaico vegetacional em diferentes estágios sucessionais com diferentes funções geo-hidroecológicas. Dentre essas funções, as três áreas se destacaram diferentemente. De forma geral, a agrofloresta apresentou maiores valores de Ksat e umidade do solo, consistindo numa área de maior recarga e armazenamento de água, além das espécies cultivadas servirem de alimento para a fauna, fortalecendo interações ecológicas. A floresta de 30 anos apresentou a maior diversidade de espécies arbóreas e a floresta de 50 anos a maior diversidade estrutural dos indivíduos arbóreos e, consequentemente, a maior interceptação da precipitação. Ainda que a luta e a resistência das comunidades tradicionais tenham produzido avanços, políticas e dinâmicas mais recentes na região aliadas às tendências pluviométricas para o sudeste brasileiro acendem alertas, uma vez mais, para as consequências socioambientais do modelo político e econômico dominante. The southern coast of Rio de Janeiro has undergone many changes since the opening of the Rio-Santos highway in the 1970s. This fact has caused several socio-environmental conflicts as a result of an intense process of real estate speculation and several conservation units were created, which controlled traditional community practices and so, reorganized their territories in different ways. In 2014, the water crisis in southeastern Brazil also affected rural communities in Paraty, including the Quilombo Campinho da Independência community located in the Carapitanga river basin. We sought to understand if the local water crisis occurred solely as a result of climate variability or if it was enhanced by recent socio-environmental changes. Thus, the historical social processes that led to changes in land use in the region were analyzed, focusing on quilombola communities and their forms of resistance and adaptation to different historical contexts. Then, local environmental variables were analyzed, such as the historical distribution of precipitation in the Carapitanga basin and the geo-hydroecological results of traditional management. To this end, three areas were selected in Quilombo do Campinho that were used at different times: 30- and 50-year-old forests regenerated after the abandonment of swiddens and an agroforestry area, recently implemented (10 years). The variables monitored, collected and analyzed throughout the research were: precipitation, forest interception, soil moisture, litter water retention capacity, physical properties and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) of the soil, phytosociological survey of regenerated areas after use and the classification of tree species into ecological groups. The results indicate that the management of these communities produces a vegetation mosaic in the landscape at different successional stages with different geo-hydroecological functions. Among these functions, the three areas stood out differently. In general, the agroforestry showed higher values of Ksat and soil moisture, consisting of an area of greater water recharge and storage, in addition to the cultivated species serving as food for the fauna, strengthening ecological interactions. The 30-year-old forest had the greatest diversity of tree species and the 50-year-old forest the greatest structural diversity of individual trees and, consequently, the greatest precipitation interception. Although the struggle and resistance of traditional communities have produced advances, more recent policies and dynamics in the region, combined with rainfall trends for the Brazilian Southeast, raise alerts, once again, for the socio-environmental consequences of the dominant political and economic model.

PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTITUIÇÕES COMUNITÁRIAS DE ENSINO PARTICULARES A exploração do ecossistema pelo homem tem provocado mudanças ambientais na Terra, como liberação de gases poluentes, aumento da temperatura do planeta, desmatamento, degradação do solo, entre outros. Têm se elaborado novas técnicas que buscam melhorar a qualidade química e física do solo, a recuperação da biodiversidade e ainda contribuir para diminuir os efeitos das mudanças climáticas. O biocarvão é produzido a partir de pirólise de resíduos orgânicos, que pode ser aplicado ao solo para melhorar a qualidade, além de ser uma técnica de mitigação do efeito estufa. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação do biocarvão, produzido de Gliricidia, nos parâmetros físico e químicos do solo em Seropédica, no período de julho de 2017 a julho de 2018. O biocarvão foi incorporado ao Planossolo Háplico sob um coqueiral. O delineamento do experimento utilizado foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial, sendo os fatores com e sem aplicação de biocarvão (10 t ha-1), com 12 repetições em cada tratamento. O biocarvão foi aplicado em faixa de 80 cm, na projeção da copa dos coqueiros. Foram determinados pH, P, Ca, Mg, Al, H+Al, K, Na, Cu, COT, M.O, nas profundidades 0-5, 5-10, 10-20cm, no intervalo de três meses, durante o período de um ano. A propriedade física do solo analisada foi a retenção de água nas potências 0, 60, 100, 330 e 1500 kPa. O uso do biocarvão como condicionador do solo não aumentou significativamente o pH, retenção de água e nos teores de carbono orgânico total e na CTC. Contudo nota-se que o biocarvão pode ser promissor para aumentar o carbono do solo e consequentemente mitigar o efeito estufa. Ecosystem exploration by humans has led to environmental changes on Earth, such as the release of polluting gases, rising global temperatures, deforestation, soil degradation, and so on. New techniques have been developed that seek to improve the chemical and physical quality of the soil, the recovery of biodiversity and also contribute to reduce the effects of climate change. Biocarbon is produced from pyrolysis of organic waste, which can be applied to the soil to improve the quality, besides being a greenhouse mitigation technique. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of biochar, produced of Gliricidia, on the physical and chemical quality of the soil in Seropédica, from July 2017 to July 2018. The biochar was incorporated to the Solonetz under a coqueiral in Seropédica. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in a factorial scheme, with the factors with and without application of biochar (10 t ha-1), with 12 replicates in each treatment. pH, P, Ca, Mg, Al + 3, H + Al, K, Na, Cu, COT, M.O at depths 0-5, 5-10, 10-20cm were evaluated at three months intervals. The soil physical property analyzed was the water retention at powers 0, 60, 100, 330 and 1500 kPa. The use of bio-carbon as a soil conditioner increased the water retention and total organic carbon contents in the 0-5 cm depth, increasing the organic matter content. The use of biochar as a soil conditioner did not significantly increase pH, water retention and total organic carbon content and CTC. However, it is noted that biochar can be promising to increase soil carbon and consequently mitigate the greenhouse effect.

PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO O bioma da Mata Atlântica, após cinco séculos de degradação, hoje está disposto em pequenos fragmentos florestais. Projetos que busquem recuperar a floresta para reaver o habitat de milhares de espécies endêmicas e garantir a provisão de serviços ecossistêmicos são urgentes. Um dos obstáculos na restauração é a produção de mudas, visto que se observa baixo desempenho para algumas espécies e alto custo. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo avaliou o efeito do biocarvão na composição dos substratos para mudas de espécies da Mata Atlântica usadas na restauração florestal. O biocarvão é um produto obtido a partir da pirólise de resíduos, que pode ser aplicado aos solos para melhorar sua qualidade nutricional. Nesse estudo o biocarvão foi produzido a partir de Gliricidia. As espécies utilizadas no experimento foram: Schinus terebinthifolius, Cariniana legalis, Senna multijuga e Trema micrantha. Os tratamentos foram (30 repetições cada): controle, 20 por cento de biocarvão, 40 por cento de biocarvão e calcário. A germinação, altura e o diâmetro do coleto das mudas foram mensurados mensalmente. Grupos focais com os viveiristas e entrevistas com os técnicos foram realizadas, assim como, análise de custo-benefício dos substratos. Após a fase nos viveiros as mudas foram transplantadas para uma área degrada e foi adicionado hidrogel em metade dessas plantas. A taxa de sobrevivência foi calculada. O substrato com biocarvão apresentou o melhor custo-benefício para a Schinus terebinthifolius, Senna multijuga e Trema micrantha. O uso do biocarvão como uma alternativa para os substratos foi de interesse para a grande maioria dos viveiristas. No plantio, as mudas de Schinus terebinthifolius apresentaram alta taxa de sobrevivência; ao contrário da Cariniana legalis que apresentou baixa sobrevivência para os tratamentos com biocarvão; e as de Senna multijuga e Trema micrantha de sobrevivência elevada a moderada. The Atlantic Forest biome, after five centuries of degradation is now disposed in small forest fragments. Projects that aim to recovery the forest in order to re-establish the habitat of thousands of endemic species and guarantee the provision of ecosystem services are pressing. Poor seedling production with low performance of some species and high costs is an obstacle to restoration. In this context, this study assessed the effect of biochar on Atlantic Forest seedlings used in restoration. Biochar is obtained from residue pyrolysis, which can be applied on soil to improve its nutritional quality. In this study biochar was produced from Gliricidia. The species used in experiment were: Schinus terebinthifolius, Cariniana legalis, Senna multijuga and Trema micrantha. The treatments used (30 repetions each) were: control, 20 percent of biochar, 40 percent of biochar and limestone. The species germination, height and stem diameter were measured monthly. Focal groups with viveiristas and interviews with stakeholders and cost-benefit analyses of the substract were carried out. After the fase in the nurseries the seedlings were tansplanted to a degraded area and hydrogel was added in half of these plants. The survival rate was calculated. For Schinus terebinthifolius, Senna multijuga and Trema micrantha the use of biochar in its substrates showed the best cost-benefit. Using biochar as alternative in substrates compounds attracted the interest of the vast marjority of viveiristas. In planting, Schinus terebinthifolius seedlings showed a high survival rate; as opposed to Cariniana legalis that presented low survival for the treatments with biochar; and Senna multijuga and Trema micrantha of high to moderate survival.

PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO A região de Guaratiba apresenta, em sua história, períodos que marcam diferentes cenários socioecológicos. Ao longo de quase cinco séculos de ocupação e consequentes processos de transformação da paisagem, cenários ecológicos tornaram-se áreas produtivas, residenciais e de transição urbana. Essa historicidade constitui elemento-chave que permite a compreensão das vulnerabilidades locais e riscos associados. Esta pesquisa, portanto, tem como objetivo mapear e analisar vulnerabilidade e risco socioecológico na área contemplada por este estudo. Esse trabalho foi possível através da investigação da história de uso, ocupação e transformação da paisagem nessa área, da identificação de áreas vulneráveis, bem como da classificação dos riscos socioecológicos. Assim, estabeleceram-se três etapas metodológicas, nas quais foram: (1) analisados os processos históricos de uso e ocupação das terras em Guaratiba; (2) delimitadas Unidades Socioecológicas da Paisagem, com o intuito de tentar compreender os níveis atuais de heterogeneidade da área de estudo; por fim, (3) modelados e classificados os riscos sociecológicos. Essa análise levou ao entendimento de uma classificação socioecológica dos riscos, reconhecendo que tais eventos só podem ser compreendidos a partir da presença humana perante a pertinência de eventos que possam ferir os grupos expostos. Como resultado da análise espacial, quatro das seis unidades socioecológicas da paisagem apresentaram locais com tendência a riscos: USEP 2, USEP 4, USEP 5 e USEP 6. Tais áreas sugerem riscos socioecológicos do tipo físico relacionados a dinâmicas geomorfológicas e de enchentes, e saúde ambiental devido a dinâmicas de enchentes. The region of Guaratiba presents throughout its history, periods that mark different socioecological scenarios. After almost five centuries of occupation and consequent processes of landscape transformation, ecological scenarios slowly shifted into productive areas, residences and recent urban sprawl. This historical context becomes a key element in understanding local vulnerabilities and associated risks. Therefore, the research aims to map and analyze the vulnerability and socioecological risk in the study area, through the investigation of land use history and landscape transformation of the study area as well as to identify vulnerable areas and to classify socioecological risks. Three methodological steps were established: (1) the historical processes of land use and occupation in Guaratiba were analyzed through a literature review; (2) delimitation of Socioecological Landscape Units (SLU), in an attempt to understand the current levels of heterogeneity of the study area; and (3) modeling and classification of sociecological risks through systematization of geoprocessing techniques. This analysis led to the understanding of a socioecological classification of risks, recognizing that such events can only be understood from a human perspective before the pertinence of events that could hurt the exposed different groups. As a result of the spatial analysis, four of the six socioecological units of the landscape presented sites with risks: USEP 2, USEP 4, USEP 5 and USEP 6. In this areas suggest socioecological risks physical related to geomorphological and flood dynamics, and environmental health due to flood dynamics.