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Background: Patients with malignant melanoma have an increased risk of developing secondary hematologic malignancy, and patients with hematologic malignancies have an increased risk of developing melanoma. Rarely, sentinel lymph node biopsies (SLNBs) collected for melanoma staging might harbor lymphoma or even carcinoma, which may represent a second primary malignancy (SPM). Biopsied lymph node(s) might serve as the first site of recognition for a SPM. Yet, there has been little systematic investigation regarding the characteristics of incidental SPMs detected on SLNB for melanoma staging. Methods: A series of cases of lymphomas and carcinomas were detected incidentally during SLNB for melanoma staging from two tertiary academic centers between 2000 and 2021. Results: Fifteen cases of incidentally detected SPMs were reviewed, comprising 12 lymphomas and three carcinomas. The most common incidentally detected second malignancy was chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (60%, 9/15). There were three cases of incidentally detected metastatic carcinoma. Of all incidentally detected malignancies, 2/3 carcinomas and 4/12 lymphomas represented first‐time diagnoses of SPM in a melanoma patient. Forty percent of cases (6/15) also harbored metastatic melanoma in the sentinel lymph node. Conclusions: It is possible to incidentally detect SPMs in SLNBs for melanoma staging. Early detection of SPMs in melanoma patients has implications for the treatment of both incidental SPM and melanoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Little is known about the quality of life of parents and families of preterm infants after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Our aims were (1) to describe the impact of preterm birth on parents and families and (2) and to identify potentially modifiable determinants of parent and family impact. Methods: We surveyed 196 parents of preterm infants <24 months corrected age in 3 specialty clinics (82% response rate). Primary outcomes were: (1) the Impact on Family Scale total score; and (2) the Infant Toddler Quality of Life parent emotion and (3) time limitations scores. Potentially modifiable factors were use of community-based services, financial burdens, and health-related social problems. We estimated associations of potentially modifiable factors with outcomes, adjusting for socio-demographic and infant characteristics using linear regression. Results: Median (inter-quartile range) infant gestational age was 28 (26–31) weeks. Higher Impact on Family scores (indicating worse effects on family functioning) were associated with taking ≥3 unpaid hours/week off from work, increased debt, financial worry, unsafe home environment and social isolation. Lower parent emotion scores (indicating greater impact on the parent) were also associated with social isolation and unpaid time off from work. Lower parent time limitations scores were associated with social isolation, unpaid time off from work, financial worry, and an unsafe home environment. In contrast, higher parent time limitations scores (indicating less impact) were associated with enrollment in early intervention and Medicaid. Conclusions: Interventions to reduce social isolation, lessen financial burden, improve home safety, and increase enrollment in early intervention and Medicaid all have the potential to lessen the impact of preterm birth on parents and families. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12955-017-0602-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.