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This research is conducted to inspect the relationship of Short-Term Debt as a predictor for the financial leverage on Profitability of the company. In the analysis, Short-Term Debt will act as the independent variable and Profitability will be the dependent variable using Return on Equity (ROE) as the indicator. In the model analysis, corporate governance will be used as the moderating variable to bridge the relationship between the independent and dependent variable. In this study, the mediating variable of corporate governance uses Board of Directors (BOD) and board of commissioner (BOC) size, board of independent commissioners’ size, managerial and also the institutional ownership. From the analysis, it is shown that Short-Term debt has a significant positive impact on the company’s Profitability. In addition, board size weakens the relationship between financial leverage and profitability. Board size and institutional ownership significantly strengthen the relationship between financial leverage and profitability. Board of independent commissioners’ size and managerial ownership did not moderate the relationship between financial leverage and profitability.

Hvorvidt vedtakelsen og revideringen av arbeidsmiljøloven kapittel 2 A om varsling kan bidra til å fremme varslingsaktivitet, sikre varslingseffektivitet og fremme hensiktsmessige varslingsreaksjoner.

Trust, cooperation and equal value. The purpose of the current study has been to present evidence of interracial bridging social capital between groups and individuals in South African small-town society. An ethnological field study has been executed by searching, observing and interviewing citizens at various meeting points in civil society where interracial interaction is taking place. The collected empirical data will be evaluated in relation to established theories regarding the importance of social capital in relation to political prospering of liberal democracies. This will be done in order to answer the question: in what way and in which spheres of South African society can evidence of bridging social capital be found? The discussion and conclusion will be dependent on to what extent bridging social capital is taking place in conjunction with interracial meetings. The research will be divided into three phases. The first phase will be presenting the idea of the research and the preparation of how it is going to be performed. The second phase demonstrates the execution of data gathering with the theories at its core. Finally, the third phase of the essay will be carried out by discussing the results and how it contributes to the existing science base (George and Bennet, 2005, p. 73). In conclusion, the study showed that bridging social capital is possible to find primarily in the spheres of education and Christian parishes close to communities where the middle and upper-class live.

This paper explores irrelevant quantity effects in judgment by carefully defining the term, thoroughly discussing different kinds of irrelevant quantity effects and where they can be found in the literature, and subsequently submitting irrelevant quantity effect studies to a quantitative meta-analysis. It is suggested that an irrelevant quantity effect occurs when a quantitative stimulus dimension affects a conceptually and procedurally unrelated quantitative judgment. Such effects can be found in different areas of research (e.g., judgment and decision-making, marketing, perception) but, to the knowledge of the author, have never before been investigated across areas. The purpose of the present study was to find out if an overall irrelevant quantity effect exists and how strong that effect might be. Another reason for conducting the study was to identify conditions in which the effect appears stronger or weaker. The meta-analysis revealed a significant overall irrelevant quantity effect but no interpretable differences across studies. Further analyses suggested the possibility of publication bias. A discussion of study limitations, future empirical work, and possible future meta-analyses follows.

ObjectiveThere is still a great deal to learn about the influence of sex in systemic sclerosis (SSc). In this respect, national registries provide large and homogeneous patient cohorts for analytical studies. We therefore investigated a wide-ranging and well-characterized SSc series with the aim of identifying sex differences in disease expression, with a special focus on demographic, clinical, and serological characteristics.MethodsA multicenter SSc cohort of 2281 patients, including 247 men, was recruited in the Italian Systemic sclerosis PRogression INvestiGation (SPRING) registry. Demographic data, disease manifestations, serological profile, and internal organ involvement were compared.ResultsThe overall female/male ratio was 8.2:1. Female/male ratios for limited cutaneous SSc, diffuse cutaneous SSc, and SSc sine scleroderma subsets were 8.7:1, 4.9:1, and 10.7:1, respectively. A shorter time from onset of Raynaud phenomenon to SSc diagnosis, an increased prevalence of the diffuse cutaneous subset, renal crisis, and digital ulcers were found in males, whereas a significantly higher percentage of sicca syndrome, serum antinuclear antibodies, antiextractable nuclear antigens, anti-La/SSB, and anticentromere protein B was detected in the female group. Males exhibited lower left ventricular ejection fraction, as well as higher prevalence of conduction blocks, arrhythmias, ground glass, and honeycombing. Moreover, forced vital capacity and total lung capacity were medially lower in men than in women. Finally, males were more frequently treated with immunosuppressive drugs.ConclusionOur study further supports the presence of several sex-related differences in patients with SSc. These differences were pronounced in the severity of cutaneous, peripheral vascular, and cardiopulmonary involvement for male patients, whereas an increased prevalence of sicca syndrome and a specific autoantibody profile characterized the female sex.