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Undergraduate students experience many levels of stress throughout their university trajectory. The pressure to achieve good results highlight the exams week in the Universities as a stimulus that triggers psychosocial stress and increased release of cortisol. Considering the increasingly experience an undue amount of stress, we aimed in this study to investigate the short- and long-term effects of exams week on HPA axis in undergraduates by the cortisol production. Twenty-eight undergraduates aged 18-24 years from biological sciences during the final exams’ week at the end of the school year collected hair and saliva for cortisol measures. Hair cortisol was significantly higher in exams month. They exhibited cortisol rhythmicity and preserved CAR (cortisol awakening response) even under psychosocial stress. The exams week is a trigger for psychosocial stress, however, did not generate significant short-term changes in cortisol rhythmicity. Thus, it is evident that young people adapt to the stressful stimulus, avoiding a possible trigger for mental illness.

IntroductionInsulin regulates renal glucose production and utilization; both these fluxes are increased in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Whether insulin also controls urinary glucose excretion is not known.MethodsWe applied the pancreatic clamp technique in 12 healthy subjects and 13 T2D subjects. Each participant received a somatostatin infusion and a variable glucose infusion to achieve (within 1 hour) and maintain glycemia at 22 mmol/L for 3 hours; next, a constant insulin infusion (240 pmol/min/kg) was added for another 3 hours. Urine was collected separately in each period for glucose and creatinine determination.ResultsDuring saline, glucose excretion was lower in T2D than controls in absolute terms (0.49 (0.32) vs 0.69 (0.18) mmol/min, median (IQR), p=0.01) and as a fraction of filtered glucose (16.2 (6.4) vs 19.9 (7.5)%, pFFM/min, pConclusionsAcute exogenous insulin infusion jointly stimulates renal glucose and sodium excretion, indicating that the effect may be mediated by SGLTs. This action is resistant in patients with diabetes, accounting for their increased retention of glucose and sodium, and is not abolished by partial SGLT2 inhibition by empagliflozin.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-26T06:52:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-11-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Rock climbing is a recreational activity that has been steadily growing in popularity over the years. The literature suggests that performers considered lead climbing was more stressful than other styles, but only few authors evaluated physical and mental stress was inherently associated with rock climbing. The aim of this study was to investigate the perceived stress and salivary cortisol release in rock climbers during two specific lead conditions: on-sight lead climb (OC) and flash lead climb (FC) in outdoors routes. Five intermediate male climbers (27.40 +/- 1.30 years) volunteered to attend anthropometric and body composition testing sessions. Psychological stress was measured by perceived stress questionnaire (PSQ), and salivary cortisol was collected at five times in rest (RD) and climbing days, before and after the protocols. PSQ score was 0.21 +/- 0.04 and they exhibited rhythmicity in daily cortisol production, which is most evidenced on RD with all values statistically different from upon awakening. No differences were observed when the days were compared by time point, total daily amount produced (AUC), or before and after the protocol. In conclusion, findings suggest that intermediate climbers appear to produce similar psychological or physiological responses during both climb style, but only on-sight exhibited an alteration in daily cortisol production. Univ Fed Vales Jequitinhonha & Muruci, Dept Educ Fis, Diamantina, Brazil Univ Estadual Campinas, Dept Struct & Funct Biol, LABEEST Lab Stress Study, Inst Biol,UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil Univ Fed Vales Jequitinhonha & Muruci, Pro Reitoria Assuntos Comunitarios & Estudantis, Diamantina, Brazil Univ Estadual Campinas, Fac Ciencias Med, Unidade Metab, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Lab Estudos Lazer, UNESP, Rio Claro, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Lab Estudos Lazer, UNESP, Rio Claro, Brazil

The exams periods are commonly reported to be stressful experiences. The relationship between perceived stress and resilience is well established, however, the relationship with cortisol remains unclear. Considering the stressful environment provided by the university and the lack of studies in the Brazilian context, this study aimed to evaluate and associate perceived stress, resilience and salivary cortisol in pharmacy students during the exams period. Seventy-nine pharmacy undergraduates answered questionnaires related to perceived stress and resilience and collected five saliva samples in an exam and a rest day for cortisol measures at the final exams at the end of the school year. They reported higher scores of perceived stress and intermediate resilience. Women are less resilient and their total cortisol output (AUC) on exams day is significantly higher compared to the rest day, but this difference tends to disappear over the academic year or at the end years. Furthermore, they exhibited cortisol rhythmicity and preserved CAR, with no changes in a short period by the exams, indicating normal, healthy and adaptive HPA-axis reactions to stressors. This study highlighted that students can adapt to stressful situations due to a modulation in the production of cortisol over the time.

To evaluate the acute and chronic effects of yoga practice.Quantitative study using a one-group pre-posttest design.Visão Futuro Institute, Porangaba, São Paulo, Brazil.22 volunteers (7 men and 15 women).Six weeks of a tantric yoga program (TYP), 50 minutes per session, held twice a week from 8 a.m. to 9 a.m. The local ethics committee approved the protocol.Data were collected in the first week and at the end of the sixth week of TYP. Salivary cortisol concentration (SCC) was used to measure physiology of distress and to analyze the short- and long-term effects of TYP. Psychological distress was evaluated by applying a specific perceived stress questionnaire (PSQ). Results (mean±standard deviation) were analyzed by Wilcoxon test (p0.05).SCC decreased 24% after the first (0.66±0.20 μg/dL versus 0.50±0.13 μg/dL) and last (1.01±0.37 versus 0.76±0.31 μg/dL) sessions, showing the short-term effect of yoga. Long-term effects were analyzed by daily rhythm of cortisol production. In the beginning, volunteers showed altered SCC during the day, with nighttime values (0.42±0.28) higher than those at noon (0.30±0.06). After the TYP, SCC was higher in the morning (1.01±0.37) and decreased during the day, with lower values before sleep (0.30±0.13). The TYP was also efficient to reduce PSQ scores (0.45±0.13 versus 0.39±0.07). Specifically, the irritability, tension, and fatigue domains on the PSQ decreased (0.60±0.20 versus 0.46±0.13), as did the fear and anxiety domains (0.54±0.30 versus 0.30±0.20).Over the short term, TYP led to the decrease of cortisol production. Over the long term, TYP induced higher cortisol production in the morning and lower production in the evening. Those effects contributed to the physical and mental well-being of the participants.

Incretin effect—the potentiation of glucose-stimulated insulin release induced by the oral vs the i.v. route—is impaired in dysglycaemic states. Despite evidence from human islet studies that NEFA interfere with incretin function, little information is available about the effect in humans. We tested the impact of acute bidirectional NEFA manipulation on the incretin effect in humans. Thirteen individuals with type 2 diabetes and ten non-diabetic volunteers had a 3 h OGTT, and, a week later, an i.v. isoglycaemic glucose infusion (ISO; OGTT matched). Both pairs of studies were repeated during an exogenous lipid infusion in the non-diabetic volunteers, and following acipimox administration (to inhibit lipolysis) in people with diabetes. Mathematical modelling of insulin secretion dynamics assessed total insulin secretion (TIS), beta cell glucose sensitivity (β-GS), glucose-induced potentiation (PGLU) and incretin-induced potentiation (PINCR); the oral glucose sensitivity index was used to estimate insulin sensitivity. Lipid infusion increased TIS (from 61 [interquartile range 26] to 78 [31] nmol/m2 on OGTT and from 29 nmol/m2 [26] to 57 nmol/m2 [30] on ISO) and induced insulin resistance. PINCR decreased from 1.6 [1.1] to 1.3 [0.1] (p

TSH-suppression is a therapy for thyroid cancer management, but it may lead to adverse effects, which should be balanced with its benefits. Previous studies evaluating the consequences of TSH suppression on insulin sensitivity have only been done with indirect techniques, and results were controversial. Therefore, we aimed to assess insulin sensitivity in patients with thyroid cancer and suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) with the most appropriate direct method (hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp) in order to get a more conclusive response about the topic.A group of 20 non-obese and non-diabetic thyroid cancer patients with suppressed TSH underwent a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to evaluate insulin sensitivity. Their results were compared to the results of a sex and body mass index (BMI) -paired control group composed of 20 healthy volunteers.Patients were all female, aged 36.8 ± 10.2 years-old, with mean TSH 0.1 ± 0.1 μIU/mL and mean BMI 26.2 ± 3.3 kg/mThis study shows for the first time that subclinical thyrotoxicosis in patients with thyroid cancer is associated with insulin resistance, as measured by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp technique. Such finding may be taken into consideration by clinicians when balancing risks and benefits of TSH-suppression therapy in thyroid cancer patients.

Objective: To investigate the body composition and metabolic profile in individuals in terms of different concentrations of serum vitamin D, ranging from deficiency to sufficiency. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 106 adults of both genders, who were divided into three groups according to vitamin D levels: deficiency

OBJECTIVES: The main objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the effects of an exercise protocol, using vibratory platform, in quality of life and the cortisol rhythmicity in fibromyalgic women. METHODS: Twenty women, which 10 were healthy and 10 were diagnosed with fibromyalgia. All of them performed an exercise program on a vibratory platform and were evaluated for salivary cortisol production throughout the day before and after the treatment. The volunteers with fibromyalgia were also evaluated with a specific questionnaire for quality of life before and after the treatment. Salivary samples were collected at 6 a.m., noon, 6 p.m. and before bedtime, 10 p.m. Cortisol was quantified using immunoenzymatic assay. RESULTS: Women with fibromyalgia improved their quality of life and started to have an adjustment in the cortisol rhythmicity after exercise. Even considering the limitations of the volunteers’ number who participated in this pilot, a relationship between the improvement of the quality of life and the adjustment in the cortisol rhythmicity produced by the exercise program practiced could be assumed.

Background Obesity is associated with development of the cardiorenal metabolic syndrome, which is a constellation of risk factors, such as insulin resistance, inflammatory response, dyslipidemia, and high blood pressure that predispose affected individuals to well-characterized medical conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular and kidney chronic disease. The study was designed to establish relationship between metabolic and inflammatory disorder, renal sodium retention and enhanced blood pressure in a group of obese subjects compared with age-matched, lean volunteers. Methods The study was performed after 14 h overnight fast after and before OGTT in 13 lean (BMI 22.92 ± 2.03 kg/m2) and, 27 obese (BMI 36.15 ± 3.84 kg/m2) volunteers. Assessment of HOMA-IR and QUICKI index were calculated and circulating concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6 and C-reactive protein, measured by immunoassay. Results The study shows that a hyperinsulinemic (HI: 10.85 ± 4.09 μg/ml) subgroup of well-characterized metabolic syndrome bearers-obese subjects show higher glycemic and elevated blood pressure levels when compared to lean and normoinsulinemic (NI: 5.51 ± 1.18 μg/ml, P