Search

The development of written expression includes transcription, text generation, and executive functions (including planning) interacting within working memory. However, executive functions are not formally measured in school-based written expression tasks, although there is an opportunity for examining students' advance planning--a key manifestation of executive functions. We explore the influence of advance planning on Grade 2 written expression using curriculum-based measurement in written expression (CBM-WE) probes with a convenience sample of 126 students in six U.S. classrooms. Controlling for transcription, which is typically the primary focus of instruction in early elementary grades, we found that a score on advance planning explained additional significant variance in writing quantity and accuracy. Results support that planning may be an additional score to add to the use of CBM-WE. Implications for assessment and further research on the early development of planning and executive functions related to written expression are explored.

The use of process logs in consultation supervision can facilitate training in process and consultee-centered administrative consultation by emphasizing consultation competencies. Process logs examine various elements that support positive outcomes within a collaborative relationship, such as adherence to the problem-solving process, the use of communication skills, and considerations about diversity. Given that research on consultation training and supervision outcomes is limited, we present the process log as a learning tool that can be used within a structured supervision process that promotes trainees' self-reflection, bolstering pre-service consultation training in school psychology. First, we review the literature on the components of effective consultation training, including process logs and supervision. Then, we provide a case example to describe how the process log was utilized by a consultant-in-training to engage in critical self-reflection and document positive consultation outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]