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Context: In the children's education process, not only children but parents, educators, and teachers are using touchscreen technology-enabled contrivances for better quality of life. Every stakeholder has their perspective on the usage of touchscreen contrivances. A lot of moderators and critical factors affect this perception. Objective: To analyse the moderators and critical factors that affect early childhood education. Method: A comprehensive literature survey and focused group discussion members have finalized six moderators and ten critical factors that affect early childhood education. A hybrid fuzzy AHP-fuzzy TOPSIS has been used to rank identified critical factors. Fuzzy AHP is used to get the weights of the moderators and fuzzy TOPSIS used these weights to rank the critical factors. Results: The moderator 'children age' is having the highest normalized weight (0.211) and the 'screen size' is having the lowest normalized weight (0.106). The two most critical factors that ranked first and second are 'app features and content' and 'applied pedagogical approach' having closeness coefficients of 0.9713 and 0.9594. Potential future scope: The results of the study will help the teachers, parents, and educators to focus on the highly ranked factors which will directly or indirectly improve the children's education.

The aim of the study is to identify the factors affecting students' satisfaction and performance regarding online classes during the pandemic period of COVID-19 and to establish the relationship between these variables. The study is quantitative in nature, and the data were collected from 544 respondents through online survey who were studying the business management (B.B.A or M.B.A) or hotel management courses in Indian universities. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the proposed hypotheses. The results show that four independent factors used in the study viz. quality of instructor, course design, prompt feedback, and expectation of students positively impact students' satisfaction and further student's satisfaction positively impact students' performance. For educational management, these four factors are essential to have a high level of satisfaction and performance for online courses. This study is being conducted during the epidemic period of COVID- 19 to check the effect of online teaching on students' performance.

Background Serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is an important biochemical tool to diagnose and monitor growth hormone (GH)-related disorders. However, ethnicity-specific Indian data, following consensus criteria for the establishment of normative data, are not available. Our objective was to generate chronological age (CA)-, bone age (BA)- and Tanner stage–specific normative data for IGF-1 in healthy Indian children and adolescents. Methods A cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted in schools and the community, which enrolled apparently healthy children and adolescents with robust exclusion criteria. The outcome measure was serum IGF-1 assessed using an electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA). The 2.5th, 5th, 10th, 25th, 50th (median), 75th, 90th, 95th, and 97.5th centiles for IGF-1 were estimated using generalized additive models. Results We recruited 2226 apparently healthy participants and following exclusion, 1948 (1006 boys, 942 girls) were included in the final analysis. Girls had median IGF-1 peak at CA of 13 years (321.7 ng/mL), BA of 14 years (350.2 ng/mL) and Tanner stage IV (345 ng/mL), while boys had median IGF-1 peak at CA of 15 years (318.9 ng/mL) BA of 15 years (340.6 ng/mL) and Tanner stage III (304.8 ng/mL). Girls had earlier rise, earlier peak, and higher IGF-1 values. The reference interval (2.5th to 97.5th percentile) was broader during peripubertal ages, indicating a higher physiological variability. Conclusion This study provides ethnicity-specific normative data on serum IGF-1 and will improve the diagnostic utility of IGF-1 in the evaluation and management of growth disorders in Indian children and adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advertising was once touted as a 'big boys' marketing tool, but the advent of the Internet has led to the emergence of online advertising, which has benefitted marketing organizations of all sizes, especially small and medium enterprises (SMEs), for 20 years since the new millennium. However, the emergence and proliferation of digital natives as a new generation of consumers necessitate further research to ensure the continued attractiveness, effectiveness, and relevance of online advertising. Furthermore, there is a need to consolidate the multifaceted nature of technology and media in online advertising and the corresponding behavior enacted by consumers, particularly digital natives, today. In this regard, this paper endeavors to examine the perceptions and reactions of digital natives toward online advertising using the theory of planned behavior, technology acceptance model, and uses and gratifications theory as an integrated theoretical lens to guide this examination. Using covariance structural equation modeling on a sample of 380 digital natives, this paper finds that the ease of use, usefulness, entertainment gratification, credibility, design, and personalization of online advertisement positively influence the attitude of digital natives toward online advertisement. However, assurance from online advertisement did not produce any significant effect, a unique finding that exemplifies the confidence that digital natives exhibit in digital environments as a self-assured generation. Finally, this paper finds that the attitude and subjective norms among digital natives toward online advertisement and the security and responsiveness of the website of the online advertised product positively influence the intention of digital natives to purchase the online advertised product. The implications of these findings for theory and practice as well as its limitations and future research directions conclude the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Cancers of cervix, breast and oral cavity claims millions of deaths each year globally and are the three most common cancers in India. There is need to develop and test models for organizing integrated cancer screening camps in low resource settings with inter-sectorial co-ordination between different stakeholders. Methods: A community based integrated cancer screening camp was organized in a rural setting of north India in co-ordination with district health administration and local governing body (Panchayati Raj Institution). Screening methods included Clinical Breast Examination (CBE) for breast cancer, visual inspection under 5% acetic acid (VIA) for cervical cancer and oral visual examination (OVE) for oral cavity cancer. Men and women found to be screen positive in the camp were referred to the district hospital and a tertiary care center for further diagnostic tests and were followed up. Results: A total of 90 individuals (40 men and 50 women) above 30 years of age attended the screening camp. Of them, one (2.5%) male was screened positive for precancerous lesion of oral cavity. Out of the 50 women attending the camp, two were detected with suspected breast lumps, which on further diagnostic tests at district hospital were diagnosed as benign tumors. Only half (52.0%) of the women consented for cervical cancer screening, out of which one (3.9%) was screened positive on VIA which on colposcopy examination and biopsy at referral center was confirmed as early stage cancerous lesion of cervix and was instituted on treatment. Conclusion: The screening camp sets a successful example of community based cancer control activity for early detection and management of three common cancers through inter-sectoral co-ordination in low resource settings.

Leader–member exchange (LMX) is critical to service-oriented organizational citizenship behavior (SOOCB). This research investigates a mediation–moderation model theorizing the influence of employee envy and psychological empowerment on the LMX and SOOCB relationship. Using survey data acquired from 559 hotel frontline employees and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM), this study reveals that LMX reduces employee envy and contributes to SOOCB, albeit indirectly, as employee envy was found to have an indirect influence on the relationship between LMX and SOOCB. To address the negative influence of employee envy, the findings suggest that psychological empowerment should be cultivated as it strengthens the effect of LMX in reducing employee envy and thus enabling LMX to exert an indirect influence on SOOCB when employee envy is mitigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The most reliable indicator for anaemia diagnosis at the population level is haemoglobin (Hb) estimation. The direct cyanmethaemoglobin method is considered the gold standard method for haemoglobin estimation. However, for resource constraint areas like primary health care (PHC) level, either blood samples are transported on filter paper for Hb testing (indirect cyanmethaemoglobin method) in laboratory or point of care testing is commonly used. Therefore, a comparative analysis of haemoglobin estimation of direct with indirect cyanmethaemoglobin method and also with TrueHb (Wrig Nanosystems Pvt. Ltd.) haemometer was done to strengthen anaemia diagnosis at the PHC level. Materials and Methods: This was a cross‑sectional study. A total of 90 participants above 9 years of age, who visited the outpatient department (OPD) of health centre, Kheri and gave consent were included. Comparative analysis was done between Hb concentration assessed by indirect cyanmethaemoglobin method and TrueHb haemometer device against the gold standard method. Results: The mean Hb value estimated by direct method, TrueHb haemometer and indirect methods (filter paper A, B and C) was 11.42 ± 1.59 g/dl, 11.52 ± 1.54 g/dl, 10.66 ± 1.52 g/dl, 9.84 ± 1.50 g/ dl and 10.19 ± 1.62 g/dl, respectively. There was no significant difference found between the mean Hb concentration estimated by the direct method and the TrueHb haemometer device. However, there was a significant difference in mean Hb values between the direct method and the indirect method. Therefore, regression analysis was done to estimate the correction factor for the indirect method. Conclusion: TrueHb metre device gave promising results in comparison to the gold standard method and can be used if resource permits in PHC centres. Indirect methods of haemoglobin estimation can be an alternative in resource‑constraint settings, specifically for surveys. However, further studies are required for the validation of the indirect method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Young people in India are becoming more accepting of the profession of entrepreneurship. While the creation, financing, and positive and negative outcomes of a start-up have all been widely researched, more research is needed to understand the entrepreneurial environment that supports, nurtures, and educates entrepreneurs. Higher education institutions are one such element of this ecosystem that is essential in educating India's future business people. Therefore, this study is intended to establish the practice of entrepreneurship learning in higher educational institutions in India and to analyze the perception of students on entrepreneurship education. Using proportional stratified random selection, 345 undergraduate students from India's top-ranked universities made up the overall sample for this. SEM analysis was used to assess the study's hypotheses, and the link between the variables was investigated using SEM analysis. The results showed thatgovernment regulation, socioeconomic circumstances, entrepreneurial orientation, monetary assistance, and entrepreneurial confidence favorably impact entrepreneurial motivation. The findings of this study will aid in the modification and customization of entrepreneurial programs to satisfy the needs of different organizations and geographical regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]