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3. Image and Prestige Planning

Author

Ager, Dennis

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to clarify some notions about image and prestige planning. Starting from the Welsh example of language policy aiming to revitalise a language in danger of further decreasing in number of speakers and in centrality to Welsh life, definitions of four related terms are explored: image, status, prestige and identity. Paired relationships are suggested: image is a non-factual version of the semi-factual identity of a society, while prestige is the result of an attitudinal stance towards the semi-factual status of a language within a language ecology. Planning to modify status or identity is often regarded as 'real' planning, similar to planning for social or economic change, while modifications of prestige or image require emotional manipulation, like commercial marketing. More detailed analysis of a range of planning examples enables distinctions to be made between image planning as a stage in identity formation and consolidation, and prestige planning as attitudinal change. The differences may also lie in a possible interpretation of image planning as long-term, idealistic and rooted in beliefs of the equality of languages, as opposed to short-term, policy-oriented prestige planning reminiscent of military conflict and a strong awareness of dominance. (Contains 2 figures and 1 table.)

Published
2005
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4. Motivation in Language Planning and Language Policy. Multilingual Matters 119.

Author

Ager, Dennis and Ager, Dennis

Abstract

The aim of this book is to investigate the motives for action on language behavior, whether this means corpus, status, or acquisition planning. It examines such questions as why individuals, groups, and governments try to influence their own or others' language behavior or language attitudes, and what drives authorities to try to control, favor, or repress particular forms of language in use, or encourage hatred, fear, or support for particular languages or language varieties. Motivation is complex, usually involving at least three components: motives, attitudes, and goals. Seven motives that seem to recur are political (identity, insecurity, ideology and image); social (inequality and integration); or economic (instrumentality); although actual motives are often mixed. Attitudes require an understanding of knowledge about language, emotion towards it, and the likelihood of a response to an issue. Goals, needs, and strategies towards language issues are often mixed too. The relationship between motives, attitudes, and goals is discussed in the light of a number of examples of policy and planning, selected from across the world. The book concludes from these data that dynamic identity construction, followed by a willingness to act in conformity with expectations, are key elements in the planned behavior and reasoned action that all authorities take in relation to language. (Contains 149 references.) (KFT)

Published
2001

6. Backlash: A Response to Michael Clyne.

Author

Ager, Dennis

Abstract

A response to an article on multiculturalism and the status of community languages in Australia focuses on the issue of "backlash" against public policy for immigrants, and discusses the link between language planning and social planning. The role of elites and "counterelites," interest and pressure groups, in the successful implementation of policy is also considered. (MSE)

Published
1997

7. A Response to Kroon and Vallen: Questions of Citizenship, Nationality, and Social Cohesiveness.

Author

Ager, Dennis

Abstract

Discusses the role of government language and education policies toward immigrant and minority groups, using the situations in Britain, France, and The Netherlands to illustrate the effects of assimilationist and pluralistic solutions. Argues that government policies to achieve social cohesiveness and cultural pluralism often conflict each other. (two references) (MDM)

Published
1994

8. Language Education for Intercultural Communication. Multilingual Matters 96.

Author

Ager, Dennis and Ager, Dennis

Abstract

Essays address the relationship between second language education and intercultural communication in several countries. Following an introduction are the following papers: "Second Language Learning in Belgium" (Ludo Beheydt); "Foreign Language Education in Bulgaria: Present-Day Situation and Future Tendencies" (Madeleine Danova, L. Krusteva-Bossakova, Ognian Stoitsov); "Portrait of a Nation as a Language Learner" (I. Vitanova, J. Kristeva, Madeleine Danova, M. Ruski); "Language Learning in England and Wales: Policies and Attitudes in Flux" (Sue Wright); "Second National Language Learning in Finland" (Eero Laine); "Identity, Community and Language Policies in Contemporary France" (Dennis Ager); "Multilingualism in the German School" (Ingrid Gogolin); "The Language Situation in Hungary, 1990-1991" (Szofia Radnai); "Languages in the Netherlands: A Study of Supply and Demand" (Maria Oud-de-Glas, Erna van Hest, Fons Peels, Rob Diephuis, Theo van Els); "From USSR to CIS and Beyond: Visceral Politics vis-a-vis Ethno-linguistic Realities" (Frances Knowles); "Multilingual Education as a Factor of Interethnic Relations: The Case of the Ukraine" (Oleg Shamshur, Tatiana I. Izhevskaya); "The Language Situation and Language Education in Yugoslavia" (Ranko Bugarski); "Language Education for Intercultural Communication in Slovenia" (Albina Necak Luk); "New Trends in Educational Policy in the Republic of Serbia, 1990 to the Present" (Svenka Savic, Zlata Jukic); and a conclusion (Ager, Muskens, Wright). (MSE)

Published
1993

9. Language Learning and European Integration.

Author

Ager, Dennis E.

Abstract

Concepts of identity and ethnicity, and their applicability to Europe through language, religious and cultural criteria are reviewed. It is noted that thoughts of an integrated Europe must acknowledge both behavioral and ethnographic approaches to difference and particularly the contrasts between dominance and difference theories. A European language learning policy is considered. (17 references) (Author/LB)

Published
1992

14. Language Learning--An Intellectual Challenge?

Author

Ager, Dennis E.

Abstract

Looks at the debate over whether foreign language study is intellectually challenging. Examines four points in the debate: the contrast between content and skill; the nature of the learning and teaching material; the nature of classroom interaction; and the idea of osmosis. (SED)

Published
1985

16. Historical Dictionary of France

Author

Ager, Dennis

Subjects
Historical Dictionary of France (Book) -- Book reviews, Books -- Book reviews, Literature/writing, Regional focus/area studies
Published
2000

17. Exploring the French Language

Author

Ager, Dennis

Subjects
Exploring the French Language (Book) -- Book reviews, Books -- Book reviews, Literature/writing, Regional focus/area studies
Published
1998

18. La Stylistique

Author

Ager, Dennis

Subjects
La Stylistique (Book) -- Book reviews, Books -- Book reviews, Literature/writing, Regional focus/area studies
Published
1995

27. L'Ouest francais et la francophonie nord-americaine: Actes du Colloque international de la francophone tenu a Angers du 26 au 29 mai 1994 organise conjointment par les Universites d'Angers (France), de Laval (Quebec) et de Massachusetts, Lowell (USA)

Author

Ager, Dennis

Subjects
L'Ouest Francais Et La Francophonie Nord-Americaine: Actes Du Colloque International De La Francophone Tenu a Angers Du 26 Au 29 Mai 1994 Organise Conjointment Par Les Universites D'Angers (France), De Laval (Quebec) Et De Massachusetts, Lowell (USA) (Book) -- Book reviews, Books -- Book reviews, Literature/writing, Regional focus/area studies
Published
1998

28. Short notices

Author

Gill, Hélène, primary, Clout, Hugh, additional, Jones, Peter, additional, Parkes, Geneviève, additional, Maclean, Mairi, additional, Chafer, Tony, additional, Hayward, Jack, additional, Gemie, Sharif, additional, Parsons, Nick, additional, Crossley, Ceri, additional, Ager, Dennis, additional, Pennetier, Jean‐Marc, additional, Coleman, James A., additional, and Fletcher, John, additional

Published
1997
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34. Book reviews

Author

Guelke, Adrian, primary, Kivisto, Peter, additional, Peach, Ceri, additional, Gurr, Ted Robert, additional, Marquez, Benjamin, additional, Crow, Graham, additional, Barkan, Elliott Robert, additional, Gold, Steven J., additional, Jensen, Joan M., additional, Coates, Ken, additional, Burchell, R.A., additional, Glucksmann, Miriam, additional, Tang, Joyce, additional, King, Richard H., additional, White, John, additional, McAll, Christopher, additional, Bush, Rod, additional, Bolt, Christine, additional, Morgan, Kenneth, additional, Eriksen, Thomas Hylland, additional, Price, Neil, additional, Abel, Chistopher, additional, Thomas, Jim, additional, Song, Miri, additional, Fenton, Steve, additional, Knight, G.R., additional, Johnston, W. Ross, additional, Ross, Robert, additional, Jarvie, Grant, additional, Palmer, Alison, additional, Harris, Bernard, additional, Lunn, Kenneth, additional, Constantinou, Stavros T., additional, Wearing, Brian, additional, Godley, Michael R., additional, Vermeulen, Hans, additional, Ager, Dennis, additional, Martiniello, Marco, additional, Liddiard, Mark, additional, Cheung, Yuet W., additional, Orme, Joan E., additional, and Tonkin, Elizabeth, additional

Published
1995
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37. Book reviews

Author

Cooper, John, primary, Campbell, Peler Robert, additional, Callen, Tony, additional, Clout, Hugh, additional, Looseley, David, additional, Parsons, Nick, additional, Woollen, Geoff, additional, O'Shaughnessy, Martin, additional, Roberts, Colin, additional, Fortescue, William, additional, Rollet, Brigitte, additional, Fletcher, John, additional, Curtis, David, additional, Flockton, Christopher H., additional, Cross, Máire, additional, Matthews, Ron, additional, Ager, Dennis, additional, Carr, Fergus, additional, Crook, Malcolm, additional, Silverman, Max, additional, Francis, R.A., additional, Burrell, Jean, additional, Hayward, Jack, additional, Parkes, Geneviève, additional, Gibson, Ralph, additional, Bell, D.S., additional, Dine, Philip, additional, Darier, Eric, additional, Gemie, Sharif, additional, Le Feuvre, Nicky, additional, Hargreaves, Alec G., additional, Prendiville, Brendan, additional, Atack, Margaret, additional, Keiger, John, additional, Reynolds, Siân, additional, and Jennings, Jeremy, additional

Published
1993
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38. Book reviews

Author

Wolfreys, Jim, primary, Parkes, Geneviève, additional, Clout, Hugh, additional, Kofman, Eteonore, additional, Morris, Peter, additional, Firth, Kevin, additional, Forrest, Alan, additional, Curtis, David, additional, Berry, David, additional, Jäckel, Anne, additional, Ffrench, Patrick, additional, Tombs, Robert, additional, Chafer, Tony, additional, Roberts, Colin, additional, Leonard, Philip, additional, Hewlett, Nick, additional, Atkin, Nicholas, additional, Looseley, David L., additional, Jenkins, Brian, additional, Rastall, Paul, additional, Cemie, Sharif, additional, Kelly, Michael, additional, Prendiville, Brendan, additional, Gorrara, C., additional, Bell, D. S., additional, Chapman, Rosemary, additional, Grenfell, Michael, additional, Pollard, Malcolm, additional, Ager, Dennis, additional, Salemohamei, G., additional, Dine, Philip, additional, Matthews, Ron, additional, Burrell, Jean, additional, Cole, Alistair, additional, Windebank, Jan, additional, Milne, Loma, additional, Landsman, Neil B., additional, Catien, Tony, additional, and O'Shaughnessy, Martin, additional

Published
1993
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42. Assimilation, stable diglossia or separatism ...

Author

Wright, Sue and Ager, Dennis

Subjects
*LANGUAGE & languages, *SOCIOLINGUISTICS
Abstract

Discusses the complexity and diversity of language in Great Britain. Graphic examples that illustrates the status of language in the British classrooms; Information about the funding of the educational strategies developed for non-English speakers of British school; Effect of strong identification of communities with a linguistic; Potential outcomes of the British linguistic situation.

Published
1990

49. Géostratégies des langues (Book).

Author

Ager, Dennis

Subjects
*LANGUAGE & languages, *NONFICTION
Abstract

Reviews the book 'Geostrategies des langues (=Terminogramme 99-100),' edited by Jacques Maurais and Michael Morris.

Published
2002

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