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1. Sustainable Development is the only path to achieve the green economy

Author: Abou Elseoud, Ahmed; Chief Executive Officer, Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency, Ministry of Environment and Abou Elseoud, Ahmed; Chief Executive Officer, Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency, Ministry of Environment
Abstract: Sustainable development is the management of renewable resources for the good of the entire human and natural community. Built into this concept is an awareness of the animal and plant life of the surrounding environment .The goal of sustainable development is to provide resources for the use of present populations without compromising the availability of those resources for future generations, and without causing environmental damage that challenges the survival of natural ecosystems. Consequently, sustainable economies cannot be based on the use of non-renewable resources. Ultimately, sustainable economies must be supported by the use of renewable resources such as biological productivity, and solar, wind, geothermal, and biomass energy sources. However, even renewable resources may be subjected to overexploitation and other types of environmental degradation. Central to the notion of sustainable development is the requirement that renewable resources are utilized in ways that do not diminish their capacity for renewal, so that they will always be present to sustain future generations of humans. On the other hand, Egypt welcomes the concept of the green economy to achieve sustainable development ,within the framework of respect for national priorities of each country, in order to achieve more decent work opportunities, and developments continued, and use environmental resources. Egypt have passed already in the implementation of a number of pilot projects in this regard, and look forward to witnessing the next stage for more cooperation with development. The energy is the main driver of economic and social development with the necessity to development of primary energy resources and the proper management and use of the most important policies and development strategies Egypt depends in achieving economic development and technological several sources of energy available to a power and petroleum and natural gas, but that recently Egypt has seen a severe lack of ener
Published: 2015

2. Proceedings of the international workshop on managing the risks of tailings disposal, held in Stockholm, Sweden, 22-23 May 1997.

Author: International Council on Metals and the Environment; Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency; United Nations Environment Programme Industry and Environment Centre. and International Council on Metals and the Environment; Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency; United Nations Environment Programme Industry and Environment Centre.
Abstract: The role of SIDA (Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency) and views of UNEP on environmental practice are briefly summarised and the following papers presented, with discussion: Insights into tailings dam failure - technical and management factors (Bafokeng South and Merriespruit), by Blight G., p.17-34, 9 refs.; Tailings management - a Placer Dome perspective, by Brehaut H., p.35-45; Government processes in Western Australia, by Jones H., p.49-54; Philippine government process, perceptions and concerns, by Cabalda M.V., Velasco R.L. and Ramos H.C., p.55-63; Tailings disposal, managing the risks - the role of corporate policies (Rio Tinto), by Emery A., p.65-71; Managing design and construction of tailings dams, by Dunne B., p.77-87; Design criteria and disposal planning for mine tailings storage, by Swindells C., p.89-99; Mine residue deposits - water management, by Wates J. and Sutherland F.R., p.103-119; Planning considerations - the risk assessment approach, by McPhail G., p.121-140, 7 refs.; Tailings management - roles and responsibilities (Noranda), by Siwik R., p.143-157; Operational control, by Maltby J., p.161-169; Large earth fill tailings pond retainments - Highland Valley Copper's experience, by Scott D., p.173-192, 6 refs.; Risk management, prevention and protection in tailings disposal, by Spichiger A., p.195-206; Regulatory implementation with particular reference to mine tailings disposal - from a developing country perspective (Ghana), by Acquah P., p.207-223, 2 refs.; and International dam standards, by Phillips J., p.227-229. Panel discussions on future regulatory trends and the way forward are reported., The role of SIDA (Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency) and views of UNEP on environmental practice are briefly summarised and the following papers presented, with discussion: Insights into tailings dam failure - technical and management factors (Bafokeng South and Merriespruit), by Blight G., p.17-34, 9 refs.; Tailings management - a Placer Dome perspective, by Brehaut H., p.35-45; Government processes in Western Australia, by Jones H., p.49-54; Philippine government process, perceptions and concerns, by Cabalda M.V., Velasco R.L. and Ramos H.C., p.55-63; Tailings disposal, managing the risks - the role of corporate policies (Rio Tinto), by Emery A., p.65-71; Managing design and construction of tailings dams, by Dunne B., p.77-87; Design criteria and disposal planning for mine tailings storage, by Swindells C., p.89-99; Mine residue deposits - water management, by Wates J. and Sutherland F.R., p.103-119; Planning considerations - the risk assessment approach, by McPhail G., p.121-140, 7 refs.; Tailings management - roles and responsibilities (Noranda), by Siwik R., p.143-157; Operational control, by Maltby J., p.161-169; Large earth fill tailings pond retainments - Highland Valley Copper's experience, by Scott D., p.173-192, 6 refs.; Risk management, prevention and protection in tailings disposal, by Spichiger A., p.195-206; Regulatory implementation with particular reference to mine tailings disposal - from a developing country perspective (Ghana), by Acquah P., p.207-223, 2 refs.; and International dam standards, by Phillips J., p.227-229. Panel discussions on future regulatory trends and the way forward are reported.
Published: 1997

3. Impacts of Environmental Access Restrictions on Freight Delivery Activities, the Example of Low Emission Zones in Europe

Author: MetroFreight (Volvo Center for Excellence), Institut Francais des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Amenagement et des Reseaux (IFSTTAR), Dablanc, Laetitia, Montenon, Antoine, French Agency for the Environment (ADEME), MetroFreight (Volvo Center for Excellence), Institut Francais des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Amenagement et des Reseaux (IFSTTAR), Dablanc, Laetitia, Montenon, Antoine, and French Agency for the Environment (ADEME)
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to identify the position of goods vehicles in European Low Emission Zones and to analyze the impact of the access restrictions on transport and logistics firms and on their logistics activities. Low Emission Zones (LEZ) are delimited areas of a city or metropolitan area from which the vehicles that pollute the most are banned. Targeted vehicles are often freight vehicles as a result of the high levels of pollution emitted by today’s urban delivery fleets. Through literature review, interviews and two specific surveys in London and Berlin, we analyzed LEZ impacts on the urban freight industry. We showed that the creation of a LEZ reduces the number of firms making urban deliveries, and that this reduction has probably benefited the urban freight market by compelling both public and private stakeholders to finds ways to promote more efficient activities. Such modernization is necessary as the urban freight market is dysfunctional in many respects: environmentally because of the old vehicles used until now, and socially because of the large number of small firms which find it difficult to maintain a sufficient level of business activity without breaking the sector’s labor laws and safety standards.

4. A decade of GOSAT Proxy satellite CH$_{4}$ observations

Author: Parker, Robert J., Webb, Alex, Boesch, Hartmut, Somkuti, Peter, Barrio Guillo, Rocio, Noia, Antonio, Kalaitzi, Nikoleta, Anand, Jasdeep, Bergamaschi, Peter, Chevallier, Frederic, Palmer, Paul I., Feng, Liang, Deutscher, Nicholas M., Feist, Dietrich G., Griffith, David W. T., Hase, Frank, Kivi, Rigel, Morino, Isamu, Notholt, Justus, Oh, Young-Suk, Ohyama, Hirofumi, Petri, Christof, Pollard, David F., Roehl, Coleen, Sha, Mahesh K., Shiomi, Kei, Strong, Kimberly, Sussmann, Ralf, Te, Yao, Velazco, Voltaire A., Warneke, Thorsten, Wennberg, Paul O., Wunch, Debra, University of Leicester, Earth Observation Science Group [Leicester] (EOS), Space Research Centre [Leicester], University of Leicester-University of Leicester, University Hospitals Leicester, Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere (CIRA), Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), School of Geosciences [Edinburgh], University of Edinburgh, NERC National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), University of Wollongong [Australia], Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] (LMU), DLR Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre (IPA), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling] (DLR), Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institute of Nanotechnology [Karlsruhe] (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Space and Earth Observation Centre [Sodankylä], Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Institute of Environmental Physics [Bremen] (IUP), University of Bremen, National Institute of Meteorological Sciences (NIMS), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Lauder] (NIWA), CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY PASADENA DIVISION OF BIOLOGY USA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Earth Observation Research Center, National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA), University of Toronto - Department of physics, Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA (UMR_8112)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Ecological Society of Australia, ESA 1365003000 Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, NSERC Environment and Climate Change Canada, ECCC Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Technologie, BMWi: 50EE1711D, 50EE1711E, 50EE1711C Sorbonne Université Australian Research Council, ARC: DP110103118, FT180100327, DP160101598, DP089468, DP140101552, LE0668470 Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie, BMWi European Commission***Delivered and deleted from Elsevier end because this record is to be no longer updated or in business with Elsevier on Date 10-03-2020***, EC: NAG5-12247, FR/35/IC4, NNH05-GD07G National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA European Space Agency, ESA: 4000120088/17/I-EF Environment and Climate Change Canada, ECCC Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, NSERC Canadian Space Agency, CSA Natural Environment Research Council, NERC: NE/R016518/1, NE/N018079/1, Acknowledgements. Robert J. Parker, Hartmut Boesch, Alex Webb, Paul I. Palmer and Liang Feng are funded via the UK National Centre for Earth Observation (NE/R016518/1 and NE/N018079/1). Rocio Barrio Guillo and Nikoleta Kalaitzi were funded by a Leicester Institute for Space and EO (LISEO) and ESA-Dragon Programme studentship respectively. JSA was funded by an ESA Living Planet Fellowship. We acknowledge funding from the ESA GHG-CCI and Copernicus C3S projects. We thank the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency, National Institute for Environmental Studies and the Ministry of Environment for the GOSAT data and their continuous support as part of the Joint Research Agreement. This research used the ALICE High Performance Computing Facility at the University of Leicester for the GOSAT retrievals and analysis. The TM5-4DVAR CH4 inversions have been supported by ECMWF providing computing resources under the special project 'Improve European and global CH4 and N2O flux inversions (2018–2020)'., TCCON gratefully acknowledges financial support by ESA within the S5P validation programme. Stations at Park Falls, La-mont and Darwin are supported by NASA. Stations at Tsukuba, Rikubetsu and Burgos are supported in part by the GOSAT series project. Burgos is supported in part by the Energy Development Corp. Philippines. Ascension Island and Garmisch stations have been supported by the European Space Agency (ESA) under grant 4000120088/17/I-EF and by the German Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie (BMWi) under grants 50EE1711C, 50EE1711E and 50EE1711D. We thank the ESA Ariane Tracking Station at North East Bay, Ascension Island, for hosting and local support. The ETL station is funded by CFI/ORF, NSERC, ECCC and the CSA. The Paris station has received funding from Sorbonne Université, the French research center CNRS, the French space agency CNES and Région Île-de-France. The Eureka measurements were made at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL) by the Canadian Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Change (CANDAC), primarily supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Environment and Climate Change Canada, and the Canadian Space Agency. The Anmyeondo station has received funding from the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program 'Development and Assessment of IPCC AR6 Climate Change Scenario' under grant 1365003000. The Réunion station is operated by the Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy with financial support in 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 under the EU project ICOS-Inwire and the ministerial decree for ICOS (FR/35/IC4) and local activities supported by LACy/UMR8105 – Université de La Réunion. TCCON measurements in Australia are supported by NASA grants NAG5-12247 and NNH05-GD07G, Australian Research Council grants LE0668470, DP089468, DP110103118, DP140101552, DP160101598 and FT180100327, and the GOSAT series project., Financial support. This research has been supported by the NERC National Centre for Earth Observation (grant nos. NE/N018079/1 and NE/R016518/1)., Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères = Laboratory for Studies of Radiation and Matter in Astrophysics and Atmospheres (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Lidar, Earth sciences, global dataset, satellite observations, TCCON, ddc:550, XCH4, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], XCO2, GOSAT
Abstract: This work presents the latest release (v9.0) of the University of Leicester GOSAT Proxy XCH4 dataset. Since the launch of the GOSAT satellite in 2009, these data have been produced by the UK National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO) as part of the ESA Greenhouse Gas Climate Change Initiative (GHG-CCI) and Copernicus Climate Change Services (C3S) projects. With now over a decade of observations, we outline the many scientific studies achieved using past versions of these data in order to highlight how this latest version may be used in the future. We describe in detail how the data are generated, providing information and statistics for the entire processing chain from the L1B spectral data through to the final quality-filtered column-averaged dry-air mole fraction (XCH4) data. We show that out of the 19.5 million observations made between April 2009 and December 2019, we determine that 7.3 million of these are sufficiently cloud-free (37.6 %) to process further and ultimately obtain 4.6 million (23.5 %) high-quality XCH4 observations. We separate these totals by observation mode (land and ocean sun glint) and by month, to provide data users with the expected data coverage, including highlighting periods with reduced observations due to instrumental issues. We perform extensive validation of the data against the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON), comparing to ground-based observations at 22 locations worldwide. We find excellent agreement with TCCON, with an overall correlation coefficient of 0.92 for the 88 345 co-located measurements. The single-measurement precision is found to be 13.72 ppb, and an overall global bias of 9.06 ppb is determined and removed from the Proxy XCH4 data. Additionally, we validate the separate components of the Proxy (namely the modelled XCO2 and the XCH4∕XCO2 ratio) and find these to be in excellent agreement with TCCON. In order to show the utility of the data for future studies, we compare against simulated XCH4 from the TM5 model. We find a high degree of consistency between the model and observations throughout both space and time. When focusing on specific regions, we find average differences ranging from just 3.9 to 15.4 ppb. We find the phase and magnitude of the seasonal cycle to be in excellent agreement, with an average correlation coefficient of 0.93 and a mean seasonal cycle amplitude difference across all regions of −0.84 ppb. These data are available at https://doi.org/10.5285/18ef8247f52a4cb6a14013f8235cc1eb (Parker and Boesch, 2020).
Published: 2020
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5. Alien species and climate change drive shifts in a riverine fish community and trait compositions over 35 years

Author: Le Hen, Gwendaline, Balzani, Paride, Haase, Peter, Kouba, Antonín, Liu, Chunlong, Nagelkerke, Leopold A.J., Theissen, Nikola, Renault, David, Soto, Ismael, Haubrock, Phillip J., Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum [Frankfurt], Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters [University of South Bohemia], University of South Bohemia, Universität Duisburg-Essen = University of Duisburg-Essen [Essen], Chinese Academy of Sciences [Wuhan Branch], Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), North Rhine-Westphalia State Agency for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Gulf University for Science and Technology (GUST), The authors express their sincere thanks to Michele Mugnai for helpful comments on a previous version of this manuscript and the 'Commission Bourses de Mobilité à l'Étranger de l'Université de Rennes 1' and the ERASMUS + program for their financial support. The authors further acknowledge the help of Dr. Lep Omis. PH and PJH received funding from the EU Horizon 2020 project eLTER PLUS (Grant Agreement No 871128). IS is supported by the Grant Agency of the University of South Bohemia, project number 065/2022/Z., and European Project: 871128,eLTER PLUS (2020)
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Freshwater fish, Aquacultuur en Visserij, Rhine river, Alien species, Traits, Pollution, Functional ecology, Long-term study, Aquaculture and Fisheries, WIAS, Environmental Chemistry, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Biologie, Waste Management and Disposal
Abstract: International audience; Alien fish substantially impact aquatic communities. However, their effects on trait composition remain poorly understood, especially at large spatiotemporal scales. Here, we used long-term biomonitoring data (1984-2018) from 31 fish communities of the Rhine river in Germany to investigate compositional and functional changes over time. Average total community richness increased by 49 %: it was stable until 2004, then declined until 2010, before increasing until 2018. Average abundance decreased by 9 %. Starting from 198 individuals/m(2) in 1984 abundance largely declined to 23 individuals/m(2) in 2010 (-88 %), and then consequently increased by 678 % up to 180 individuals/m(2) until 2018. Increases in abundance and richness starting around 2010 were mainly driven by the establishment of alien species: while alien species represented 5 % of all species and 0.1 % of total individuals in 1993, it increased to 30 % (7 species) and 32 % of individuals in 2018. Concomitant to the increase in alien species, average native species richness and abundance declined by 26 % and 50 % respectively. We identified increases in temperature, precipitation, abundance and richness of alien fish driving compositional changes after 2010. To get more insights on the impacts of alien species on fish communities, we used 12 biological and 13 ecological traits to compute four trait metrics each. Ecological trait dispersion increased before 2010, probably due to diminishing ecologically similar native species. No changes in trait metrics were measured after 2010, albeit relative shares of expressed trait modalities significantly changing. The observed shift in trait modalities suggested the introduction of new species carrying similar and novel trait modalities. Our results revealed significant changes in taxonomic and trait compositions following alien fish introductions and climatic change. To conclude, our analyses show taxonomic and functional changes in the Rhine river over 35 years, likely indicative of future changes in ecosystem services.
Published: 2023
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6. Adult female rats perinatally exposed to perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) and a mixture of endocrine disruptors display increased body/fat weights without a transcriptional footprint in fat cells

Author: Louise Ramhøj, Camilla Taxvig, Cecilie Nethe Ramskov Tetzlaff, Aurélie Lardenois, Frédéric Chalmel, Bertrand Evrard, Terje Svingen, Marta Axelstad, National Food Institute [Lyngby] (Forside), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), This study received funding from the Danish Centre on Endocrine Disruptors (CeHoS) and the Danish Environmental Protection Agency, Ministry of Environment and Food of Denmark. CNRT is a recipient of a PhD scholarship from the National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark., Chard-Hutchinson, Xavier, Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )
Subjects: Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, obesity, medicine.medical_specialty, Offspring, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Birth weight, PFAS, Adipose tissue, Biology, Weight Gain, Toxicology, Fat pad, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Pregnancy, Internal medicine, Adipocytes, medicine, Animals, Humans, metabolic disorders, Endocrine system, Perfluorohexane, Fluorocarbons, Leptin, Environmental Exposure, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Obesity, Rats, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], PFHxS, endocrine disruptors, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, Adipose Tissue, chemistry, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Female, Sulfonic Acids, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Obesity is a complex disease with many causes, including a possible role for environmental chemicals. Perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) is one of many per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) frequently detected in humans and it is suspected to be an obesogenic compound. We examined the potential long-term effects of PFHxS on metabolic parameters in rats after developmental exposure to 0.05, 5 or 25 mg/kg bw/day, with or without co-exposure to a background mixture of twelve endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDmix). Both male and female offspring showed signs of lower birth weight following intrauterine exposure. Female offspring exposed to both PFHxS and EDmix had increased body weight in adulthood. The retroperitoneal fat pad was larger in the PFHxS-exposed female offspring when compared to those exposed to EDmix alone. An attempt to detect putative molecular markers in the fat tissue by performing whole transcriptome profiling revealed no significant changes between groups and there were no significant effects on plasma leptin levels in exposed females. Our results show that early life exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals can influence body weight later in life, but the effect is not necessarily reflected in changed gene expression in the fat tissue.
Published: 2021
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7. Participatory environmental health research: A tool to explore the socio-exposome in a major european industrial zone

Author: Maxime Jeanjean, Julien Dron, Barbara L. Allen, Christelle Gramaglia, Annabelle Austruy, Johanna Lees, Yolaine Ferrier, Marine Periot, Miranda P. Dotson, Philippe Chamaret, Alison K. Cohen, Institut Ecocitoyen pour la Connaissance des Pollutions [Fos-sur-Mer], Virginia Tech [Blacksburg], Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Laboratoire de Sciences Sociales Appliquées (LaSSA), Centre Norbert Elias (CNELIAS), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and The VOCE program was supported by the Institut Ecocitoyen pour la Connaissance des Pollutions, with the support of the city of Fos-sur-Mer. The Fos EPSEAL research was supported by the Agence Nationale de Securite Sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), the French Agency for Food, Environment and Occupational Health & Safety (award numbers: PNREST Anses, Cancer ITMO AVIE-SAN, 2014/1/023 and EST/2017/1/035), and also received in-kind support from Virginia Tech and the Institut Mediterraneen de Recherches Avancees (IMeRA) in Marseille (France). It has been also financially supported by the Fondation de France.
Subjects: [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Biochemistry, General Environmental Science
Abstract: International audience; ObjectivesWe show that participatory research approaches can be a useful tool across disciplines and data collection methods to explore the socio-exposome near one of the largest industrial harbors in Europe. We analyzed resident involvement in each project and their capacity to affect structural changes.MethodsLongitudinal participatory environmental monitoring studies on lichens, petunias, aquatic systems and groundwater were conducted under the program VOCE (Volunteers for the Citizens' Observation of the Environment), which mobilized nearly 100 volunteers to collect and report data. A community-based participatory health survey, Fos EPSEAL was also carried out during the same period. We describe citizens' involvement in each study following Davis and Ramirez-Andreotta's (2021) ‘best practice’ grid. We also use residents' insights to refine understanding of the socio-exposome.ResultsThe region is significantly impacted by industrial pollution and fenceline communities are disproportionately exposed. The community-based participatory health survey documented negative health outcomes among the residents, including a higher prevalence of chronic symptoms and diabetes (e.g., 11.9%) in the Fos-Berre Lagoon region than in other communities. This methodology shows the benefits of the co-production of knowledge in environmental health: not only does it enable epistemological transformations favorable to the vulnerable population, but it also triggered public action (i.e., media and public authorities’ attention leading to official expertise reports, filing of collective complaints before the courts).ConclusionThis body of multiple participatory research studies over time is a useful approach to better understand the socio-exposome and health issues in an industrial zone.
Published: 2022
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8. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE FORECASTING CHAIN AT ARPAE-SIMC FOR THEEMILIA-ROMAGNA (NORTHEAST ITALY) COASTAL AREAS

Author: Germano Biolchi, Luis, Unguendoli, Silvia, Bressan, Lidia, Valentini, Andrea, Hydro-Meteo-Climate Service of the Agency for Prevention, Environment and Energy of Emilia-Romagna, Arpae-SIMC, Shom, Ifremer, EuroGOOS AISBL, and MORVAN, Gaël
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, ensemble modelling, operational oceanography, coupled models, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, morphodynamic modelling, early warning systems, physical oceanography
Abstract: The Hydro-Meteo-Climate Service of the Agency for Prevention, Environment and Energy of Emilia-Romagna (Arpae-SIMC) implemented and constantly updates its operational forecasting chain to provide the regional Civil Protection Agency daily forecasts. Previous publications have described the operational procedures with the current work contributing presenting the recent oceanographic and coastal modelling developments. The forecasting chain begins with two implementations of a meteorological model (COSMO-5M and COSMO-2I), with the outputs forcing the oceanographic (ROMS) and sea-state (SWAN) applications. Outputs in terms of sea level and wave parameters are then used to run the morphodynamic model XBeach that provides an estimation of fl ooding conditions through Storm Impact Indicators (SIIs). New advancements involve a coupled oceanographic-wave model (Adriac) nested in the Copernicus Mediterranean Forecasting System (MFS) and multi-model ensemble outputs forcing XBeach on a (semi-)probabilistic approach. Results of the new oceanographic model improved mostly the tidal residues in the Adriatic basin. The (semi-)probabilistic approach for the coastal modelling component allowed for more simulations to be conducted and an incipient estimation of forecast uncertainties for two 1-D profi les in the region's littoral. Hitherto, updates towards state-of-the-art numerical modelling applications have been proven fundamental on ameliorating forecasting outcomes., Le Service Hydro-Météo-Climatique de l'Agence pour la Prévention, l'Environnement et l'Energie d'Emilie-Romagne (Arpae-SIMC) a mis en place et met constamment à jour sa chaîne de prévision opérationnelle pour fournir des prévisions quotidiennes à l'Agence régionale de Protection Civile. Les publications précédentes ont décrit les procédures opérationnelles, le présent travail contribuant à présenter les récents développements de la modélisation océanographique et côtière. La chaîne de prévision commence par deux implémentations d'un modèle météorologique (COSMO-5M et COSMO-2I), dont les sorties forcent les applications océanographiques (ROMS) et d'état de la mer (SWAN). Les résultats en termes de niveau de la mer et de paramètres de vagues sont ensuite utilisés pour faire fonctionner le modèle morphodynamique XBeach qui fournit une estimation des conditions d'inondation grâce aux indicateurs d'impact des tempêtes (SII). De nouvelles avancées impliquent un modèle couplé océanographique-vague (Adriac) imbriqué dans le système de prévision méditerranéen (MFS) de Copernicus et des sorties d'ensemble multi-modèles forçant XBeach selon une approche (semi-)probabiliste. Les résultats du nouveau modèle océanographique ont surtout amélioré les résidus de marée dans le bassin de l'Adriatique. L'approche (semi-)probabiliste pour la composante de modélisation côtière a permis de réaliser davantage de simulations et de commencer à estimer les incertitudes des prévisions pour deux profils 1-D dans le littoral de la région. Jusqu'à présent, les mises à jour vers des applications de modélisation numérique de pointe se sont avérées fondamentales pour améliorer les résultats des prévisions.
Published: 2021

9. Evaluation of single-extraction methods to estimate the oral bioaccessibility of metal(loid)s in soils

Author: Aurélie Pelfrêne, Francis Douay, Barbara Le Bot, Christophe Waterlot, Philippe Glorennec, Karin Sahmer, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et Géo-Environnement (LGCgE) - ULR 4515 (LGCgE), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Lille-Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Département Santé Environnement Travail et Génie Sanitaire (DSETGS), École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Laboratoire d'étude et de recherche en environnement et santé (LERES), 1472C0046, French Agency for the Environment and Energy Management, Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), and EHESP, SCD
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, Metalloid, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil test, Soil pollution, Population, Biological Availability, Hydrochloric acid, 010501 environmental sciences, Risk Assessment, 01 natural sciences, Soil, chemistry.chemical_compound, Acetic acid, Soil Pollutants, Environmental Chemistry, education, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, education.field_of_study, Chromatography, Metal, Human exposure, Pollution, Soil contamination, chemistry, Metals, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Single-extraction method, Soil water, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Environmental Pollution, Citric acid
Abstract: International audience; Incidental ingestion of polluted soil particles exposes the population to toxic metal(loid)s. To refine the methods of exposure and risk assessment, it is relevant to use bioaccessible concentrations of metal(loid)s determined via in vitro digestion methods. However, some validated methods are complex and costly, involving high technical skills and numerous reagents. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the suitability of four simple chemical extractions to mimic the bioaccessible fraction of As, Cd, and Pb in the gastric (G) and gastrointestinal (GI) phases obtained using the validated UBM (unified bioaccessibility method) test. Acetic acid (0.11 M), citric acid (0.11 M), EDTA (0.16 M), and hydrochloric acid (HCl, 0.65%) were separately tested in 201 soil samples with a wide range of physicochemical parameters and metal(loid)s concentrations. Significant linear relationships were observed with HCl, EDTA, and to a lesser extent with citric acid. For the cheaper HCl method, correlations with the UBM ranged from 0.91 to 0.99 for the G phase and from 0.72 to 0.97 for the GI phase. This test can be used at least as a first-tier screening to assess the oral bioaccessibility of As, Cd, and Pb.
Published: 2020
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10. Methane mass balance at three landfill sites: What is the efficiency of capture by gas collection systems?

Author: Hebe, I [Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maitrise de l'Energie (ADEME), French Agency for the Environment and Energy Management, Angers (France)]
Published: 2006
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11. Modeling the impacts of diffuse light fraction on photosynthesis in ORCHIDEE (v5453) land surface model

Author: Y. Zhang, A. Bastos, F. Maignan, D. Goll, O. Boucher, L. Li, A. Cescatti, N. Vuichard, X. Chen, C. Ammann, M. A. Arain, T. A. Black, B. Chojnicki, T. Kato, I. Mammarella, L. Montagnani, O. Roupsard, M. J. Sanz, L. Siebicke, M. Urbaniak, F. P. Vaccari, G. Wohlfahrt, W. Woodgate, P. Ciais, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), University of Augsburg [Augsburg], Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Agroscope, McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario], University of British Columbia (UBC), Poznan University of Life Sciences (Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu) (PULS), Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], University of Helsinki, Forest Services and Agency for the Environment, Autonomous Province of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LMI IESOL Intensification Ecologique des Sols Cultivés en Afrique de l’Ouest [Dakar] (IESOL), Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD [Sénégal]), Universidad del Pais Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea [Espagne] (UPV/EHU), Fundación Ikerbasque [Bilbao], Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Institute of Bioeconomy (IBE), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), University of Queensland [Brisbane], ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), European Research Council (grant no. SyG-2013-610028), the ANR CLAND Convergence Institute (grant no. 16-CONV-0003), the ANR China Trend Stream, 4C project. Bogdan Cho-jnicki was supported by the National Science Foundation, Poland (grant no. UMO-2017/27/B/ST10/02228), within the framework of the 'Carbon dioxide uptake potential of sphagnum peatlands in the context of atmospheric optical parameters and climate changes' (KUSCO2) project., ANR-15-CE01-0011,CHINA-TREND-STREAM,Tendances des deux grands fleuves Chinois, effets de l'usage des sols et du changement climatique(2015), ANR-16-CONV-0003,CLAND,CLAND : Changement climatique et usage des terres(2016), INAR Physics, Micrometeorology and biogeochemical cycles, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Augsburg (UNIA), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Ikerbasque - Basque Foundation for Science, Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institute for BioEconomy [Sesto Fiorentino] (IBE | CNR), and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: Lumière du jour, 0106 biological sciences, Canopy, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, aerosol, Cloud cover, Flux, cloud cover, Atmospheric model, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, ddc:550, Aérosol, cloud, Photosynthèse, Dispersion de la lumière, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques, lcsh:QE1-996.5, General Medicine, air quality, air temperature, P33 - Chimie et physique du sol, Sciences du sol, Carbone organique du sol, light effect, Eddy covariance, atmospheric modeling, Photosynthesis, 114 Physical sciences, environmental impact, Carbon cycle, Couvert, carbon cycle, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, photosynthesis, land surface, Primary production, 15. Life on land, lcsh:Geology, Modélisation, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Cycle du carbone, numerical model, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Aerosol- and cloud-induced changes in diffuselight have important impacts on the global land carbon cy-cle, as they alter light distribution and photosynthesis in veg-etation canopies. However, this effect remains poorly rep-resented or evaluated in current land surface models. Here,we add a light partitioning module and a new canopy lighttransmission module to the ORCHIDEE (Organising Car-bon and Hydrology In Dynamic Ecosystems) land surfacemodel (trunk version, v5453) and use the revised model, OR-CHIDEE_DF, to estimate the fraction of diffuse light andits effect on gross primary production (GPP) in a multilayercanopy. We evaluate the new parameterizations using fluxobservations from 159 eddy covariance sites over the globe.Our results show that, compared with the original model,ORCHIDEE_DF improves the GPP simulation under sunnyconditions and captures the observed higher photosynthe-sis under cloudier conditions in most plant functional types(PFTs). Our results also indicate that the larger GPP undercloudy conditions compared with sunny conditions is mainlydriven by increased diffuse light in the morning and in theafternoon as well as by a decreased vapor pressure deficit(VPD) and decreased air temperature at midday. The obser-vations show that the strongest positive effects of diffuse lighton photosynthesis are found in the range from 5 to 20◦C andat a VPD < 1 kPa. This effect is found to decrease when theVPD becomes too large or the temperature falls outside of theabovementioned range, which is likely due to the increasingstomatal resistance to leaf CO2uptake. ORCHIDEE_DF un-derestimates the diffuse light effect at low temperature in allPFTs and overestimates this effect at high temperature and ata high VPD in grasslands and croplands. The new model hasthe potential to better investigate the impact of large-scaleaerosol changes and long-term changes in cloudiness on theterrestrial carbon budget, both in the historical period and inthe context of future air quality policies and/or climate engi-neering This research has been supported by the Eu- ropean Research Council (grant no. SyG-2013-610028), the ANR CLAND Convergence Institute (grant no. 16-CONV-0003), the ANR China Trend Stream and the new 4C project. Bogdan Cho-jnicki was supported by the National Science Foundation, Poland (grant no. UMO-2017/27/B/ST10/02228), within the framework of the “Carbon dioxide uptake potential of sphagnum peatlands in the context of atmospheric optical parameters and climate changes” (KUSCO2) project.
Published: 2020
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12. Absorption of toluene in silicone oil: Effect of the solvent viscosity on hydrodynamics and mass transfer

Author: Edith Norrant, Annabelle Couvert, Maxime Guillerm, Abdeltif Amrane, Nicolas Lesage, Eric Dumont, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), UCB BioPharma SPRL, TOTAL S.A., TOTAL FINA ELF, Laboratoire de génie des procédés - environnement - agroalimentaire (GEPEA), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The authors would like to thank the French Agency for the Environment and the Control of Energy (ADEME) for their support through a PhD fellowship for M. Guillerm., Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: General Chemical Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Absorption, Viscosity, chemistry.chemical_compound, Raschig ring, Silicone oil, PDMS, Mass transfer, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Pressure drop, Chromatography, Chemistry, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Toluene, 6. Clean water, Solvent, Chemical engineering, Hydrodynamics, Absorption (chemistry), 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; The purpose of this study was to compare toluene absorption performances using two PDMS of different viscosities (η = 5 and 50 mPas respectively) in terms of hydrodynamics and mass transfer. Three types of packing were tested in a counter-current packed gas-liquid contactor, Raschig rings, IMTP®, and Flexipac®. Hydrodynamic results showed that the viscosity of PDMS 50 is not a hurdle to be used with IMTP® or Flexipac®; the pressure drop being around 288 Pa m−1 for Flexipac® at the flooding point (FG = 0.99 Pa1/2; L’ = 4.95 kg m−2 s−1), which corresponds to an acceptable value for an industrial application. The determination of the loading zones showed that Raschig rings were not suitable for solvents having a high viscosity, such as PDMS 50; they resulted in high pressure drops if compared to IMTP® and Flexipac®. The mass transfer study showed that 100% removal efficiency can be reached for both PDMS using Flexipac®. For IMTP®, the removal efficiency is limited to 88% in the presence of PDMS 50. As a result, PDMS 50 should be a relevant absorbing liquid for the removal of toluene in the absorption–biodegradation process, and Flexipac® packing should be preferred to IMTP®
Published: 2016
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13. Model–data fusion across ecosystems: from multisite optimizations to global simulations

Author: A. Cescatti, Gerard Kiely, Fabienne Maignan, Philippe Peylin, Frédéric Chevallier, Sylvain Kuppel, Leonardo Montagnani, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), University College Cork (UCC), Forest Services and Agency for the Environment, Autonomous Province of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy, JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Eddy covariance, water cycle, Temperate deciduous forest, Atmospheric sciences, Geociencias multidisciplinaria, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Ciencias de la Tierra y relacionadas con el Medio Ambiente, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5 [https], Data assimilation, carbon cycle, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, data assimilation, Hydrology, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, global ecosystem model, Taiga, lcsh:QE1-996.5, 15. Life on land, Evergreen, lcsh:Geology, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Ecosystem respiration, Temperate rainforest, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS
Abstract: This study uses a variational data assimilation framework to simultaneously constrain a global ecosystem model with eddy covariance measurements of daily net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and latent heat (LE) fluxes from a large number of sites grouped in seven plant functional types (PFTs). It is an attempt to bridge the gap between the numerous site-specific parameter optimization works found in the literature and the generic parameterization used by most land surface models within each PFT. The present multisite approach allows deriving PFT-generic sets of optimized parameters enhancing the agreement between measured and simulated fluxes at most of the sites considered, with per- formances often comparable to those of the correspond- ing site-specific optimizations. Besides reducing the PFT-averaged model?data root-mean-square difference (RMSD) and the associated daily output uncertainty, the optimization improves the simulated CO2 balance at tropical and temperate forests sites. The major site-level NEE adjustments at the seasonal scale are reduced amplitude in C3 grasslands and boreal forests, increased seasonality in temperate ever- green forests, and better model?data phasing in temperate deciduous broadleaf forests. Conversely, the poorer performances in tropical evergreen broadleaf forests points to defi- ciencies regarding the modelling of phenology and soil water stress for this PFT. An evaluation with data-oriented estimates of photosynthesis (GPP ? gross primary productivity) and ecosystem respiration (Reco) rates indicates distinctively improved simulations of both gross fluxes. The multisite pa- rameter sets are then tested against CO2 concentrations mea- sured at 53 locations around the globe, showing significant adjustments of the modelled seasonality of atmospheric CO2 concentration, whose relevance seems PFT-dependent, along with an improved interannual variability. Lastly, a global-scale evaluation with remote sensing NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) measurements indicates an improvement of the simulated seasonal variations of the foliar cover for all considered PFTs. Fil: Kuppel, Sylvain. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement; Francia Fil: Peylin, Philippe. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico San Luis. Instituto de Matemática Aplicada de San Luis; Argentina. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement; Francia Fil: Maignan, Fabienne. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement; Francia Fil: Chevallier, Frédéric. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement; Francia Fil: Kiely, G.. Forest Services; Italia Fil: Montagnani, L.. University College Cork; Irlanda Fil: Cescatti, A.. Institute for Environment and Sustainability; Italia
Published: 2018
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14. Studying the Physical Protection of Soil Carbon with Quantitative Infrared Spectroscopy

Author: Ernest Kouakoua, Tiphaine Chevallier, Patricia Moulin, Bernard Barthès, Joële Toucet, Tahar Gallali, Kaouther Hmaidi, Emmanuel Bourdon, Michael Clairotte, Martial Bernoux, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université de Tunis El Manar (UTM), RIME–PAMPA project (AFD -Agence française de développement), GESSOL programme of the French Ministry of ecology, sustainable development and energy, contract ADEME – IRD – INRA Montpellier N°0975C0035, IRD, UMR Eco&Sols, Montpellier, France, This work was supported by the GESSOL program of the French Ministry of ecology, sustainable development and energy, by ADEME (Agence de l'environnement et de la maîtrise de l'énergie, which is a French government agency concerned with environmental protection and energy management, contract ADEME – IRD – INRA Montpellier N°0975C0035), and by the RIME–PAMPA project funded by AFD (Agence française de développement, which is a French public financial institution dedicated to development assistance to developing countries), the French Ministry for foreign affairs, and FFEM (Fonds français pour l'environnement mondial, which is a French public funding agency dedicated to environment protection in developing countries)., Viscarra Rossela, R.A. (ed.), and Stenberg, B. (ed.)
Subjects: Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS), Carbon sequestration, Materials science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil test, Carbonates, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Infrared spectroscopy, 01 natural sciences, Soil respiration, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Spectroscopy, Mid-infrared spectroscopy, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Soil organic matter, Topsoil, SOL, Mid-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (MIRS), MATIERE ORGANIQUE, SPECTROSCOPIE, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Soil carbon, 15. Life on land, CARBONE, REFLECTANCE, RESPIRATION, Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, ANALYSE MULTIVARIABLE, Carbon
Abstract: Near infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (mid-IR) reflectance spectroscopy are time- and cost-effective tools for characterising soil organic carbon (SOC). Here they were used for quantifying (i) carbon (C) dioxide (CO2) emission from soil samples crushed to 2 mm and 0.2 mm, at 18°C and 28°C; (ii) physical C protection, calculated as the difference between CO2 emissions from 0.2 mm and 2 mm crushed soil at a given temperature; and (iii) the temperature vulnerability of this protection, calculated as the difference between C protection at 18°C and 28°C. This was done for 97 topsoil samples from Tunisia, mostly calcareous, which were incubated for 21 days. Soil CO2 emission increased with temperature and fine crushing. However, C protection in 0.2–2 mm aggregates had little effect on the temperature vulnerability of CO2 emission, possibly due to preferential SOC protection in smaller aggregates. In general, NIR spectroscopy, and to a lesser extent mid-IR spectroscopy, yielded accurate predictions of soil CO2 emission (0.60 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.91), and acceptable predictions of C protection at the beginning of incubation (0.52 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.81) but not over the whole 21 day period ( R2 ≤ 0.59). For CO2 emission, prediction error was the same order of magnitude as, and sometimes similar to, the uncertainty of conventional determination, indicating that a noticeable proportion of the former could be attributed to the latter. The temperature vulnerability of C protection could not be modelled correctly ( R2 ≤ 0.11), due to error propagation. The prediction of SOC was better with NIR spectroscopy and that of soil inorganic C (SIC) was very accurate ( R2 ≥ 0.94), especially with mid-IR spectroscopy. Soil CO2 emission, C protection and its vulnerability were best predicted with NIR spectra, those of 0.2 mm samples especially. Mid-IR spectroscopy of 2 mm samples yielded the worst predictions in general. NIR spectroscopy prediction models suggested that CO2 emission and C protection depended (i) on aliphatic compounds (i.e. labile substrates), dominantly at 18°C; (ii) on amides or proteins (i.e. microbial biomass), markedly at 28°C; and (iii) negatively, on organohalogens and aromatic amines (i.e. pesticides). Models using mid-IR spectra showed a negative influence of carbonates on CO2 emission, suggesting they did not contribute to soil CO2 emission and might form during incubation. They also suggested that CO2 emission and C protection related to carboxylic acids, saturated aliphatic ones especially.
Published: 2016
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15. Prenatal and Postnatal Exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants and Infant Growth: A Pooled Analysis of Seven European Birth Cohorts

Author: Greet Schoeters, Jürgen Wittsiepe, Claudia Klümper, Eva Govarts, Ulrich Ranft, Cécile Chevrier, Lubica Palkovicova Murinova, Marc-André Verner, Nynke Weisglas-Kuperus, Tomas Trnovec, Fabienne Pelé, Juliette Legler, Richard Aubrey White, Merete Eggesbø, Stéphanie Vandentorren, Anuschka Polder, Hein Stigum, Jérémie Botton, Monika Kasper-Sonnenberg, Nina Iszatt, Département des Sciences Biologiques, TOXEN-Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Slovak Medical University, Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS), Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health [Oslo] (NIPH), Funding was received from the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) under grant agreement OBELIX no. 227391. Duisburg Cohort Study is supported in part by the North Rhine-Westphalia State Agency for Nature, Environment, and Consumer Protection (LANUV-NRW) and by the Federal Environment Agency of Germany (UBA). ELFE study is supported in part by funds from the French Ministries of Research, Health, and Environment and the Institutes of Demographic Studies (Ined), Health and Medical Research (Inserm), and Public Health Surveillance (InVS), and partly through the 'Very Large Research Infrastructure' (TGIR) Program. The studies of the Flemish Center of Expertise on Environment and Health were commissioned, financed, and steered by the Ministry of the Flemish Community (Department of Economics, Science, and Innovation, Flemish Agency for Care and Health, and Department of Environment, Nature and Energy). The Norwegian Human Milk Cohort (HUMIS) is supported in part by funds from the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) under grant agreement OBELIX no. 227391 and by funds from the Norwegian Research Council’s MILPAAHEL programme, project no. 213148. The Michalovce study was supported by the U.S. National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, grant R01-CA96525 and in part by the Center of Excellence of Environmental Health, ITMS No. 26240120033, based on the supporting operational research and development program financed by the European Regional Development Fund. The PELAGIE study is supported in part by funds from the National Institute for Public Health Surveillance (InVS), the Ministry of Labor, and the French Agency for Food, Environmental, and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES). M.A.V. received an Emerging Researcher Fellowship from the Université de Montréal Public Health Research Institute (IRSPUM)., European Project: 227391,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-KBBE-2008-2B,OBELIX(2009), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), TOXEN-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Slovak Medical University of Bratislava (SMU), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Pediatrics
Subjects: Male, Pediatrics, Body height, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Growth, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Child Development, Pregnancy, Maternal-Fetal Exchange, Maternal Exposure/adverse effects, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Pharmacology. Therapy, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, 3. Good health, Europe, Chemistry, Pooled analysis, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Maternal Exposure, Child, Preschool, Children's Health, Environmental Pollutants, Female, Birth cohort, medicine.medical_specialty, Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene, Growth/drug effects, 03 medical and health sciences, Environmental health, Transplacental Exposure, medicine, Body Height/drug effects, Humans, Body Weight/drug effects, Child Development/drug effects, Polychlorinated Biphenyls/blood, Biology, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Pollutant, business.industry, Body Weight, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Infant, Environmental Pollutants/toxicity, medicine.disease, Obesity, Body Height, Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/blood, 13. Climate action, Human medicine, business
Abstract: Background Infant exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) may contribute to obesity. However, many studies so far have been small, focused on transplacental exposure, used an inappropriate measure to assess postnatal exposure through breastfeeding if any, or did not discern between prenatal and postnatal effects. Objectives We investigated prenatal and postnatal exposure to POPs and infant growth (a predictor of obesity). Methods We pooled data from seven European birth cohorts with biomarker concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyl 153 (PCB-153) (n = 2,487), and p,p´-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p´-DDE) (n = 1,864), estimating prenatal and postnatal POPs exposure using a validated pharmacokinetic model. Growth was change in weight-for-age z-score between birth and 24 months. Per compound, multilevel models were fitted with either POPs total exposure from conception to 24 months or prenatal or postnatal exposure. Results We found a significant increase in growth associated with p,p´-DDE, seemingly due to prenatal exposure (per interquartile increase in exposure, adjusted β = 0.12; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.22). Due to heterogeneity across cohorts, this estimate cannot be considered precise, but does indicate that an association with infant growth is present on average. In contrast, a significant decrease in growth was associated with postnatal PCB-153 exposure (β = –0.10; 95% CI: –0.19, –0.01). Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the largest study to date of POPs exposure and infant growth, and it contains state-of-the-art exposure modeling. Prenatal p,p´-DDE was associated with increased infant growth, and postnatal PCB-153 with decreased growth at European exposure levels. Citation Iszatt N, Stigum H, Verner MA, White RA, Govarts E, Palkovicova Murinova L, Schoeters G, Trnovec T, Legler J, Pelé F, Botton J, Chevrier C, Wittsiepe J, Ranft U, Vandentorren S, Kasper-Sonnenberg M, Klümper C, Weisglas-Kuperus N, Polder A, Eggesbø M, OBELIX. 2015. Prenatal and postnatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants and infant growth: a pooled analysis of seven European birth cohorts. Environ Health Perspect 123:730–736; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1308005
Published: 2015
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16. Multiscale prediction of acoustic properties for glass wools: computational study and experimental validation

Author: Mu He, Johann Guilleminot, Camille Perrot, Pierre Leroy, Gary Jacqus, Laboratoire de Modélisation et Simulation Multi Echelle (MSME), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM), Duke University [Durham], CRIR (CRIR), Isover Saint-Gobain, CSTB - Champs, ADEME TEZ14-24, Perrot, Camille, Centre de Recherche Isover de Rantigny (CRIR), SAINT-GOBAIN, This work was supported by the French Agency for the Environment and Energy Management (ADEME), the French Scientific and Technical Center for Building (CSTB), and the Isover Saint- Gobain Company, under the cooperative agreement ADEME TEZ14-24 with the University Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée., and Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: statistical mechanics models, Materials science, Acoustics and Ultrasonics, I-INCE Classification of Subjects Number(s): 23, 35, 51, 76, fibrous materials, composite materials, Probability density function, Glass wool, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, porous media, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Probability theory, probability theory, 0103 physical sciences, Fiber, Porosity, acoustics, 010301 acoustics, Stochastic process, micro-macro, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Characterization (materials science), [PHYS.MECA.ACOU]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], stochastic processes, 0210 nano-technology, Porous medium, Biological system, [PHYS.MECA.ACOU] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph]
Abstract: International audience; This work is concerned with the multiscale prediction of the transport and sound absorption propertiesassociated with industrial glass wool samples. In the first step, an experimental characterizationis performed on various products using optical granulometry and porosity measurements. A morphological analysis, based on scanning electron imaging, is further conducted to identify the probability density functions associated with the fiber angular orientation. The key morphological characterization parameters of the microstructure, which serve as input parameters of the model, include the porosity, the weighted volume diameter accounting for both lengths and diameters of the analyzed fibers (and therefore the specific surface area of the random fibrous material), and the preferred out-of-plane fiber orientation generated by the manufacturing process. A computational framework is subsequently proposed and allows for the reconstruction of an equivalent fibrous network. A fully stochastic microstructural model, parameterized by the probability laws inferred from the database, is also proposed herein. Multiscale simulations are carried out to estimate transport properties and sound absorption. With no adjustable parameter, the results accounting for ten different samples obtained with various processing parameters are finally compared with the experimental data and used to assess the relevance of the reconstruction procedures and the multiscale computations.
Published: 2017
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17. « Initiatives locales et politiques climat energie : le localisme en question »

Author: Nadaï, Alain, centre international de recherche sur l'environnement et le développement (CIRED), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), This work was carried out with the financial support of the French Agency for the Environment and the Energy (ADEME) (Programme: ‘Mettre l’innovation sur la trajectoire du facteur 4’, Convention 11 10C 0079)., and IR2D
Subjects: [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, transition énergétique, localisme, France, initiatives locales, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, territoires, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: National audience; Les initiatives décentralisées dans le domaine climat-énergie se multiplient dans de nombreux pays. Les politiques publiques invoquent de plus en plus l’échelle locale comme maillon d’action dans ce même domaine. Quels sont les ressorts de l’émergence d’initiatives innovantes ? Quelles leçons en tirer pour des politiques publiques décidées à soutenir ces initiatives ? Cette présentations s‘appuie sur l’analyse récente d’un échantillon d’initiatives en France pour tenter de répondre à ces questions.
Published: 2017

18. Earthworm bioturbation influences the phytoavailability of metals released by particles in cultivated soils

Author: Tiantian Xiong, Yann Foucault, Camille Dumat, Yvan Capowiez, Thibaut Leveque, Eva Schreck, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie (ADEME), Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Société de Traitement Chimique des Métaux - STCM (FRANCE), Univ Toulouse, INP ENSAT, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France, Partenaires INRAE, INSU-EC2CO program, French Agency of the Environment and Energy (ADEME), Chemical Metal Treatments Company (STCM), National Research Agency [ANR-12-0011-VBDU], and ADEME, France
Subjects: Crops, Agricultural, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Soil biology, Soil characteristics, 010501 environmental sciences, Toxicology, Plant Roots, 01 natural sciences, Soil, Earthworm bioturbation, Phytoavailability, Soil pH, Animals, Soil Pollutants, Organic matter, Oligochaeta, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, Soil organic matter, Earthworm, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, Lettuce, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, chemistry, Agronomy, Metals, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Bioturbation
Abstract: International audience; The influence of earthworm activity on soil-to-plant metal transfer was studied by carrying out six weeks mesocosms experiments with or without lettuce and/or earthworms in soil with a gradient of metal concentrations due to particles fallouts. Soil characteristics, metal concentrations in lettuce and earthworms were measured and soil porosity in the mesocosms was determined. Earthworms increased the soil pH, macroporosity and soil organic matter content due to the burying of wheat straw provided as food. Earthworm activities increased the metals concentrations in lettuce leaves. Pb and Cd concentrations in lettuce leaves can increase up to 46% with earthworm activities ... These results and the low correlation between estimated by CaCl2 and EDTA and measured pollutant phytoavailability suggest that earthworm bioturbation was the main cause of the increase. Bioturbation could affect the proximity of pollutants to the roots and soil organic matter.
Published: 2014
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19. Large-Scale Metagenomic-Based Study of Antibiotic Resistance in the Environment

Author: Pascal Simonet, Sébastien Cecillon, Tom O. Delmont, Joseph Nesme, Jean-Michel Monier, Timothy M. Vogel, Ampère, Département Bioingénierie (BioIng), Ampère (AMPERE), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and This work was financed by grants from the French Agency for the Environment and Energy Management (ADEME, project Générique) and from French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES, project Impactance, convention number EST-2012/2/28). The French Ministry of Higher Education and Research funded J.N. T.O.D. was supported by a doctoral fellowship from the Rhône Alpes Région.
Subjects: Tetracycline, Drug resistance, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Antibiotic resistance, Microbial ecology, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Environmental Microbiology, medicine, Soil Microbiology, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Bacteria, biology, Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all), Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), Sequence Analysis, DNA, biology.organism_classification, Anti-Bacterial Agents, 3. Good health, Metagenomics, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Metagenome, Efflux, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Soil microbiology, medicine.drug
Abstract: International audience; Antibiotic resistance, including multiresistance acquisition and dissemination by pathogens, is a critical healthcare issue threatening our management of infectious diseases [ 1-3 ]. Rapid accumulation of resistance phenotypes implies a reservoir of transferable antibiotic resistance gene determinants (ARGDs) selected in response to inhibition of antibiotic concentrations, as found in hospitals [ 1, 3-5 ]. Antibiotic resistance genes were found in environmental isolates, soil DNA [ 4-6 ], secluded caves [ 6, 7 ], and permafrost DNA [ 7, 8 ]. Antibiotics target essential and ubiquitous cell functions, and resistance is a common characteristic of environmental bacteria [ 8-11 ]. Environmental ARGDs are an abundant reservoir of potentially transferable resistance for pathogens [ 9-12 ]. Using metagenomic sequences, we show that ARGDs can be detected in all (n = 71) environments analyzed. Soil metagenomes had the most diverse pool of ARGDs. The most common types of resistances found in environmental metagenomes were efflux pumps and genes conferring resistance to vancomycin, tetracycline, or β-lactam antibiotics used in veterinary and human healthcare. Our study describes the diverse and abundant antibiotic resistance genes in nonclinical environments and shows that these genes are not randomly distributed among different environments (e.g., soil, oceans or human feces).
Published: 2014
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20. Spatial analysis of trace elements in a moss bio-monitoring data over France by accounting for source, protocol and environmental parameters

Author: Aude Bourin, Stéphane Sauvage, Emeline Lequy, Ilia Ilyin, Nicolas Saby, Sébastien Leblond, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Unité INFOSOL (ORLEANS INFOSOL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), EMEP Meteorological Synthesising Centre-East (MSC-E), European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP), European Environment Agency (EEA)-European Environment Agency (EEA), Département Sciences de l'Atmosphère et Génie de l'Environnement, École des Mines de Douai (Mines Douai EMD), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), and InfoSol (InfoSol)
Subjects: Canopy, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, cadmium, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Air pollution, Accounting, 010501 environmental sciences, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, autocorrélation, sciences du sol, medicine, Environmental Chemistry, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Forest type, biology, business.industry, Spatial structure, Elevation, Sampling (statistics), 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Moss, autocorrélation spatiale, soil sciences, spatial model, 13. Climate action, Bio-Monitoring, Environmental science, France, business, modèle spatial
Abstract: Air pollution in trace elements (TE) remains a concern for public health in Europe. For this reasons, networks of air pollution concentrations or exposure are deployed, including a moss bio-monitoring programme in Europe. Spatial determinants of TE concentrations in mosses remain unclear. In this study, the French dataset of TE in mosses is analyzed by spatial autoregressive model to account for spatial structure of the data and several variables proven or suspected to affect TE concentrations in mosses. Such variables include source (atmospheric deposition and soil concentrations), protocol (sampling month, collector, and moss species), and environment (forest type and canopy density, distance to the coast or the highway, and elevation). Modeled atmospheric deposition was only available for Cd and Pb and was one of the main explanatory variables of the concentrations in mosses. Predicted soil content was also an important explanatory variable except for Cr, Ni, and Zn. However, the moss species was the main factor for all the studied TE. The other environmental variables affected differently the TE. In particular, the forest type and canopy density were important in most cases. These results stress the need for further research on the effect of the moss species on the capture and retention of TE, as well as for accounting for several variables and the spatial structure of the data in statistical analyses.
Published: 2017
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21. Long-term Cu stabilization and biomass yields of Giant reed and poplar after adding a biochar, alone or with iron grit, into a contaminated soil from a wood preservation site

Author: Mikael Motelica, Nadège Oustriere, Nathalie Lottier, Michel Mench, Lilian Marchand, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), ADEME (French Agency for the Environment and Energy, PhD grant no 2013-ID5081 of N. Oustrière),ERA-Net FACCE SURPLUS (project INTENSE, no ANR-15-SUSF-0007-06, ANR-13-CDII-0005,PHYTOCHEM,Développement de procédés chimiques éco-innovants pour valoriser les biomasses issues des phytotechnologies(2013), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC)
Subjects: Plant growth, Environmental Engineering, Arundo donax L, Iron, Copper contamination, Biomass, 010501 environmental sciences, Populus nigra L, 01 natural sciences, Soil, Botany, Dissolved organic carbon, Biochar, Environmental Chemistry, Soil Pollutants, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Waste Management and Disposal, Environmental Restoration and Remediation, Phytomanagement, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, biology, Soil pore water, Chemistry, Arundo donax, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, In situ stabilization, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Soil contamination, Wood, Horticulture, Populus, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Charcoal, Soil water, Shoot, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Copper
Abstract: International audience; A 2-year pot experiment was carried out to examine the aging effect of biochar (B), alone or combined with iron grit (Z), on Cu stabilization and plant growth in a contaminated soil (964 mg Cu kg− 1) from a wood preservation site. The experiment consisted in 3 soil treatments, either planted with Arundo donax L. (Ad) or Populus nigra L. (Pn): (1) untreated Cu-contaminated soil (Ad, Pn); (2) Unt + 1% (w/w) B (AdB, PnB), and (3) Unt + 1% B + 1% Z (AdBZ, PnBZ). After 22 months, the soil pore water (SPW) was sampled and roots and shoots were harvested. The SPW compositions at 3 and 22 months were compared, showing that the SPW Cu2 + concentration increased again in the PnB and PnBZ soils. Cultivation of A. donax enhanced the dissolved organic matter concentration in the SPW, which decreased its Cu2 + concentration but promoted its total Cu concentration in the Ad and AdB soils. Adding Z with B reduced both SPW Cu2 + and Cu concentrations in the pots cultivated by A. donax and P. nigra as compared to B alone. The B and BZ treatments did not enhance root and shoot yields of both plant species as compared to the Unt soil but their shoot Cu concentrations were in the range of common values.
Published: 2017
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22. Influence of biochars, compost and iron grit, alone and in combination, on copper solubility and phytotoxicity in a Cu-contaminated soil from a wood preservation site

Author: Michel Mench, Nadège Oustriere, Mikael Motelica, Lunel Gabbon, William Galland, Lilian Marchand, Nathalie Lottier, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), ADEME (French Agency for the Environment and Energy) (PhD grant of N. Oustrière), ANR-13-CDII-0005,PHYTOCHEM,Développement de procédés chimiques éco-innovants pour valoriser les biomasses issues des phytotechnologies(2013), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC)
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Iron, Amendment, Copper contamination, 010501 environmental sciences, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, Soil, Biochar, Environmental Chemistry, Soil Pollutants, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Phaseolus, Chemistry, Compost, Composting, Phaseolus vulgaris L, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, In situ stabilization, Pollution, Soil contamination, 6. Clean water, Green waste, Horticulture, Biodegradation, Environmental, Agronomy, Solubility, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Charcoal, Soil water, Shoot, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, engineering, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Phytotoxicity, France, Copper
Abstract: International audience; Two biochars, a green waste compost and iron grit were used, alone and in combination, as amendment to improvesoil properties and in situ stabilize Cu in a contaminated soil (964 mg Cu kg−1) from a wood preservationsite. The pot experiment consisted in 9 soil treatments (% w/w): untreated Cu-contaminated soil (Unt); Unt soilamended respectively with compost (5%, C), iron grit (1%, Z), pine bark-derived biochar (1%, PB), poultry-manure-derived biochar (1%, AB), PB or AB + C (5%, PBC and ABC), and PB or AB + Z (1%, PBZ and ABZ). After a3-month reaction period, the soil pore water (SPW) was sampled in potted soils and dwarf beans were grownfor a 2-week period. In the SPW, all amendments decreased the Cu2+ concentration, but total Cu concentrationincreased in all AB-amended soils due to high dissolved organic matter (DOM) concentration. No treatment improvedroot and shoot DWyields, which even decreased in the ABC and ABZ treatments. The PBZ treatment decreasedtotal Cu concentration in the SPWwhile reducing the gap with common values for root and shoot yieldsof dwarf bean plants. A field trial is underway before any recommendation for the PB-based treatments.
Published: 2016
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23. Politique climat-énergie, « localisme » et initiatives décentralisées: quelle articulation ?

Author: Nadaï, Alain, centre international de recherche sur l'environnement et le développement (CIRED), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), This work was carried out with the financial support of the French Agency for the Environment and the Energy (ADEME) (Programme: ‘Mettre l’innovation sur la trajectoire du facteur 4’, Convention 11 10 C 0079), and Meteofrance
Subjects: [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, localise, transition, énergie, territoires
Abstract: International audience; Les initiatives décentralisées dans le domaine climat-énergie se multiplient dans de nombreux pays. Les politiques publiques invoquent de plus en plus l’échelle locale comme maillon d’action dans ce même domaine. Quels sont les ressorts de l’émergence d’initiatives innovantes ? Quelles leçons en tirer pour des politiques publiques décidées à soutenir ces initiatives ? Cette présentations s‘appuie sur l’analyse récente d’un échantillon d’initiatives en France pour tenter de répondre à ces questions.
Published: 2016

24. Surfing on TEPOS, reach and limits of French Policy localism

Author: Nadaï, Alain, centre international de recherche sur l'environnement et le développement (CIRED), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), This work was carried out with the financial support of the French Agency for the Environment and the Energy (ADEME) (Programme: ‘Mettre l’innovation sur la trajectoire du facteur 4’, Convention 11 10C 0079) and of the French National Research Agency (ANR, programme sociétés innovantes, convention 2011- SOIN-003-01, projet COLLENER)., LATTS PACTE, and ANR-11-SOIN-0003,COLLENER,Collectifs socio-techniques et transition énergétique(2011)
Subjects: Grass roots initiatives, [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, Localism, France, territories, Energy transition, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Local initiatives in the field of climate energy have received growing attention over the past decade. This contribution will present and discuss the results of a rough census - undertaken in France (2012) in collaboration with the Réseau pour la Transition Energétique - TEPOS (Positive Energy Territories) network - of significant sustainable energy initiatives in rural areas. This census points to a few significant experiences and depicts them as risky, trial-and-error transcalar processes. When emerging, local initiatives most often rely on national and transnational networks in order to exchange experiences and practices. In these processes, energy issues are often seized as opportunities to foster local territorial development. In a second part, we will discuss policy “localism”, a term recently coined in the UK in order to capture a policy rethoric invoking the central role of local communities in society and the energy transition. Taking lessons from the recent debate in the UK, we will discuss the reach and limits of a French policy localism emerging in the recent energy transition Law (TEPCV Law, 2015).
Published: 2016

25. Chemical cycling and deposition of atmospheric mercury in Polar Regions: review of recent measurements and comparison with models

Author: H. Angot, A. Dastoor, F. De Simone, K. Gårdfeldt, C. N. Gencarelli, I. M. Hedgecock, S. Langer, O. Magand, M. N. Mastromonaco, C. Nordstrøm, K. A. Pfaffhuber, N. Pirrone, A. Ryjkov, N. E. Selin, H. Skov, S. Song, F. Sprovieri, A. Steffen, K. Toyota, O. Travnikov, X. Yang, A. Dommergue, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research (IIA), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Department of Chemistry, University of Gothenburg (GU), IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, National Environmental Research Institute [Danmark] (NERI), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Air Quality Research Division [Toronto], EMEP Meteorological Synthesizing Centre-West (MSC-W), European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP), European Environment Agency (EEA)-European Environment Agency (EEA), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute Ltd, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Katabatic wind, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Antarctic ice sheet, chemistry.chemical_element, Atmospheric model, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Latitude, lcsh:Chemistry, models, Zeppelinobservatoriet, medicine, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Chemical deposition, atmospheric mercury, Snowpack, Seasonality, medicine.disease, lcsh:QC1-999, Mercury (element), Chemistry, chemistry, Arctic, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, Climatology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, polar regions, measurements, Trollobservatoriet, Chemical cycling, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: Mercury (Hg) is a worldwide contaminant that can cause adverse health effects to wildlife and humans. While atmospheric modeling traces the link from emissions to deposition of Hg onto environmental surfaces, large uncertainties arise from our incomplete understanding of atmospheric processes (oxidation pathways, deposition, and reemission). Atmospheric Hg reactivity is exacerbated in high latitudes and there is still much to be learned from Polar Regions in terms of atmospheric processes. This paper provides a synthesis of the atmospheric Hg monitoring data available in recent years (2011–2015) in the Arctic and in Antarctica along with a comparison of these observations with numerical simulations using four cutting-edge global models. The cycle of atmospheric Hg in the Arctic and in Antarctica presents both similarities and differences. Coastal sites in the two regions are both influenced by springtime atmospheric Hg depletion events and by summertime snowpack reemission and oceanic evasion of Hg. The cycle of atmospheric Hg differs between the two regions primarily because of their different geography. While Arctic sites are significantly influenced by Northern Hemispheric Hg emissions especially in winter, coastal Antarctic sites are significantly influenced by the reactivity observed on the East Antarctic ice sheet due to katabatic winds. Based on the comparison of multi-model simulations with observations, this paper discusses whether the processes that affect atmospheric Hg seasonality and inter-annual variability are appropriately represented in the models, and identifies research gaps in our understanding of the atmospheric Hg cycling in high latitudes.
Published: 2016
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26. Couloirs migratoires et parcs éoliens : savoir prendre le vent pour partager l'espace Le cas de la planification du plateau de Sigean Port-la-Nouvelle (Aude)

Author: Alain Nadaï, Olivier Labussiere, centre international de recherche sur l'environnement et le développement (CIRED), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), The authors would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for their valuable insights. This work was undertaken with the financial support of the 'Conseil Français de l'Energie', the French Ministry for the Environment (MEDAD - Program PDD 'Paysage et Développement Durable'), the French Agency for the Environment and the Energy (ADEME) and the Region Ile-de-France (R2DS)., 'Eoliennes et paysage' (Conseil Français de l'Energie, Ministère de l'Environnement (Programme PDD 'Paysage et Développement Durable'), ADEME, and R2DS)
Subjects: aude, media_common.quotation_subject, Geography, Planning and Development, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 0507 social and economic geography, 02 engineering and technology, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Birds, Landscape, Quality (business), plannification, paysage, Bird intelligence, Wind Power, Nature and Landscape Conservation, General Environmental Science, media_common, [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, Wind power, business.industry, Ecology, 05 social sciences, Environmental resource management, énergies éoliennes _ oiseaux, 021107 urban & regional planning, 15. Life on land, Making-of, Planning, Affect, Geography, business, narbonnaise, 050703 geography
Abstract: Author Posting. (c) 'Copyright Holder', 2010. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of 'Copyright Holder' for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Landscape Research, Volume 35 Issue 2, April 2010. doi:10.1080/01426390903557964 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01426390903557964); International audience; Landscape and birds are an important cause of blocking wind power projects. This paper investigates the question whether birds and wind power might be part of a same landscape and what type of landscape this could compose. We do so by following birds, birdwatchers and wind power developers in their attempt to compose such a landscape in the South of France. Our perspective focuses on the attachments that animals or landscape might develop or entice human to develop. We show that the process by which such a wind power landscape is composed engages birds into successive translations, which ultimately translate bird intelligence in composing with the wind into a quality of the landscape. As a result, such a landscape emerges from a net of relations and has a quality which is not necessarily visually readable: it is accountable to the entities which have been brought into representation through / for its making.; Entre les Corbières et le littoral méditerranéen (France, Aude), un couloir de quelques kilomètres de large s'offre aux oiseaux migrateurs pour franchir les Pyrénées par l'est. Lorsque les parcs éoliens arrivent au milieu des années 1990, la dispute pour l'espace et le vent atteint son zénith. L'irruption de cette technologie va cependant renouveler la façon dont les ornithologues (Ligue de Protection des Oiseaux) observent les oiseaux et négocient avec les développeurs la mise en site des parcs éoliens. Au lieu des traditionnels comptages de migrateurs, la méthode du micro-siting consiste à observer les oiseaux sur site et leur comportement de franchissement des éoliennes (bifurcation, traversée, survol, plongeon). Cette méthode, expérimentée par la LPO à l'occasion du renouvellement du parc éolien sur le plateau de Sigean-Port-la-Nouvelle, met en intelligence l'oiseau, le vent et le site. Elle estompe les frontières entre espèces et ouvre à des re-collections de comportements analogues entre eux. En suivant le travail de la LPO, cet article analyse la manière dont l'étude des mondes animaux renouvelle les catégories de la planification environnementale et conduit à des représentations de l'espace capables de mettre en partage les modes d'existence des oiseaux et d'orienter l'action des développeurs éoliens vers une prise en compte fine de la logique du site.
Published: 2010
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27. Sustainability of an in situ aided phytostabilisation on highly contaminated soils using fly ashes: Effects on the vertical distribution of physicochemical parameters and trace elements

Author: Francis Douay, Anthony Verdin, Nicolas Proix, Géraldine Bidar, Dominique Courcot, Christophe Waterlot, Sébastien Détriché, Hervé Fourrier, Antoine Richard, LGCgE-ISA (LGCgE-ISA), Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture [Université catholique, Lille] (ISA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Laboratoire d'Analyses des Sols (LAS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and ADEME (French Agency for the Environment and Energy Management) [0972C0052]
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Gypsum, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Mineralogy, Fly ash, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, engineering.material, Distribution, 01 natural sciences, Coal Ash, Trees, chemistry.chemical_compound, Soil, Metals, Heavy, Soil Pollutants, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Topsoil, Anhydrite, Trace element, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, 15. Life on land, Trace Elements, Biodegradation, Environmental, chemistry, Environmental chemistry, Soil water, Particle-size distribution, Soil profile, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, engineering, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Soil horizon, Environmental science, Aided phytostabilisation, France
Abstract: International audience; Aided phytostabilisation using trees and fly ashes is a promising technique which has shown its effectiveness in the management of highly metal-contaminated soils. However, this success is generally established based on topsoil physicochemical analysis and short-term experiments. This paper focuses on the long-term effects of the afforestation and two fly ashes (silico-aluminous and sulfo-calcic called FA1 and FA2, respectively) by assessing the integrity of fly ashes 10 years after their incorporation into the soil as well as the vertical distribution of the physicochemical parameters and trace elements (TEs) in the amended soils (F1 and F2) in comparison with a non-amended soil (R). Ten years after the soil treatment, the particle size distribution analysis between fly ashes and their corresponding masses (fly ash + soil particles) showed a loss or an agglomeration of finer particles. This evolution matches with the appearance of gypsum (CaSO4 2H(2)O) in FA2m instead of anhydrite (CaSO4), which is the major compound of FA2. This finding corresponds well with the dissolution and the lixiviation of Ca, S and P included in FA2 along the F2 soil profile, generating an accumulation of these elements at 30 cm depth. However, no variation of TE contamination was found between 0 and 25 cm depth in F2 soil except for Cd. Conversely, Cd, Pb, Zn and Hg enrichment was observed at 25 cm depth in the F1 soil, whereas no enrichment was observed for As. The fly ashes studied, and notably FA2, were able to reduce Cd, Pb and Zn availability in soil and this capacity persists over the time despite their structural and chemical changes. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 2016
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28. Political territories in climate-energy transition, transition in climate-energy policy

Author: Nadai, Alain, Debourdeau, Ariane, Labussiere, Olivier, Yannick, Régnier, Cointe, Béatrice, Laure, Dobigny, centre international de recherche sur l'environnement et le développement (CIRED), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Pacte, Laboratoire de sciences sociales (PACTE), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Sciences Po Grenoble - Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble (IEPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Réseau pour la transition énergétique, Centre d'étude des techniques, des connaissances et des pratiques (CETCOPRA), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), ADEME, Programme: ‘Mettre l’innovation sur la trajectoire du facteur 4’, Convention 11 10 C 0079, Bettina Laville, Stéphanie Thiébault, Agathe Euzen, Sciences Po Grenoble - Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble (IEPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), This work was carried out with the financial support of the French Agency for the Environment and the Energy (ADEME) (Programme: ‘Mettre l’innovation sur la trajectoire du facteur 4’, Convention 11 10 C 0079), and Projet Climencored
Subjects: [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, transition, terriotry - climate - energy - transition - France, énergie, territoires
Abstract: International audience; Cet article présente les résultats d’un projet de recherche (Climencored) conduit de 2011 à 2015 par quatre laboratoires de recherche en collaboration avec l’association CLER-Réseau pour la Transition Energétique. Ce projet s’est attaché à recenser les expériences locales innovantes dans le domaine climat-énergie en France en 2012 et à analyser les processus socio-historiques d’émergence de quelques-unes d’entre elles. Le terme innovant renvoie ici à des expériences ayant concrétisé des visions de futurs énergétiques locaux soutenables au travers d’une évolution du bouquet énergétique local (réduction de consommations d’énergies ; capacités de production installées telles que solaire photovoltaïque, éolienne, biomasse énergie ; développement de réseau de chaleur …) ou du développement de modèles inédits d’économie, de production ou de fourniture d’énergie (collectifs d’artisans proposant une offre globale de rénovation énergétique, financement citoyen ou coopératif de capacités de production, coopérative locale de fourniture d’énergie …). Il résulte de ce travail un certain nombre de résultats concernant tout autant des enjeux de méthode que de contenu des expériences innovantes. Ils font mieux comprendre ce qui permet à des territoires d’émerger comme innovants et ouvrent sur des recommandations orientées « solution ».
Published: 2015

29. Les territoires face à la transition énergétique, les politiques face à la transition par les territoires ?

Author: Nadaï, Alain, Debourdeau, Ariane, Labussiere, Olivier, Yannick, Régnier, Cointe, Béatrice, Laure, Dobigny, centre international de recherche sur l'environnement et le développement (CIRED), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Pacte, Laboratoire de sciences sociales (PACTE), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Sciences Po Grenoble - Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble (IEPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Réseau pour la transition énergétique, Centre d'étude des techniques, des connaissances et des pratiques (CETCOPRA), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), This work was carried out with the financial support of the French Agency for the Environment and the Energy (ADEME) (Programme: ‘Mettre l’innovation sur la trajectoire du facteur 4’, Convention 11 10 C 0079) and of the French National Research Agency (ANR, programme sociétés innovantes, convention 2011- SOIN-003-01, projet COLLENER)., Bettina Laville, Stéphanie Thiébault, and Agathe Euzen
Subjects: [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, climat énergie, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, initiatives locales, [SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology, france
Abstract: International audience; Cette contribution présente un point sur les initiatives climat énergie en France au niveau local en 2012 et leur facteurs d'émergence.
Published: 2015

30. Wind Power Landscapes in France: Landscape and Energy Decentralisation

Author: Labussiere, Olivier, Nadaï, Alain, Pacte, Laboratoire de sciences sociales (PACTE), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Sciences Po Grenoble - Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble (IEPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), centre international de recherche sur l'environnement et le développement (CIRED), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), This work was undertaken thanks to the financial support of the ‘Conseil Français de l’Energie', the French Ministry for the Environment (MEDAD – Program PDD ‘Paysage et Développement Durable’), the French Agency for the Environment and the Energy (ADEME, convention n° 07 10 C 0019), the Region Ile-de-France (R2DS) and the Energy Interdisciplinary Program of the CNRS., Marina Frolova, María-José Prados, and Alain Nadaï
Subjects: [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, decentralisation, France, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, landscape, wind power
Abstract: International audience; In 2000, at the dawn of the adoption of the EU Directive on renewable energy, a green-red alliance opened a political window for the emergence of a genuine wind power policy in France. Yet today, after more than 10 years of one of the highest feed-in tariffs in the world, the installed capacity in France is still low. Wind power, if it is to be developed at any significant level, has to fight against the centralization of both French energy policy and landscape protection. In this context, the landscape processes, which take place when wind power is either planned or sited at the local level through open governance, are places and occasions for institutional and social innovation that contribute to building decentralization. This chapter examines the ways in which wind power development has raised tensions over the centralization of both energy and landscape policy in France.
Published: 2015
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31. The diversity of the N2O reducers matters for the N2O:N-2 denitrification end-product ratio across an annual and a perennial cropping system

Author: Florian Bizouard, David Bru, Aymé Spor, Joël Léonard, Luiz A. Domeignoz-Horta, Marie-Christine Breuil, Laurent Philippot, Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Agroressources et Impacts environnementaux (AgroImpact), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), French Agency for the Environment and Energy (ADEME) thought the project EFEMAIR-N2O, European Project: 316472,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2012-ITN,NORA(2013), and Philippot, Laurent
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), agroecology, Denitrification, lcsh:QR1-502, agricultural practices, Nitrous-oxide reductase, Biology, NIRK, Microbiology, lcsh:Microbiology, diversity, CYCLING COMMUNITIES, nitrogen cycling, nosZ, greenhouse gas, nitrous oxide, NITROUS-OXIDE REDUCTASE, 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA, REAL-TIME PCR, DENITRIFYING BACTERIA, NOSZ GENES, SOIL, EMISSIONS, ABUNDANCE, Cropping system, Agroecology, Nitrogen cycle, Soil Microbiology, Original Research, 2. Zero hunger, Ecology, Microbiology and Parasitology, N2O, 15. Life on land, equipment and supplies, arable soil, Nitrous oxide reductase, Microbiologie et Parasitologie, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, 13. Climate action, Greenhouse gas, Pyrosequencing, Soil microbiology
Abstract: International audience; Agriculture is the main source of terrestrial emissions of N2O, a potent greenhouse gas and the main cause of ozone layer depletion. The reduction of N2O into N-2 by microorganisms carrying the nitrous oxide reductase gene (nosZ) is the only biological process known to eliminate this greenhouse gas. Recent studies showed that a previously unknown clade of N2O-reducers was related to the capacity of the soil to act as an N2O sink, opening the way for new strategies to mitigate emissions. Here, we investigated whether the agricultural practices could differently influence the two N2O reducer clades with consequences for denitrification end-products. The abundance of N2O-reducers and producers was quantified by real-time PCR, and the diversity of both nosZ clades was determined by 454 pyrosequencing. Potential N2O production and potential denitrification activity were used to calculate the denitrification gaseous end-product ratio. Overall, the results showed limited differences between management practices but there were significant differences between cropping systems in both the abundance and structure of the nosZII community, as well as in the [rN(2)O/r(N2O+N-2)] ratio. More limited differences were observed in the nosZI community, suggesting that the newly identified nosZII clade is more sensitive than nosZI to environmental changes. Potential denitrification activity and potential N2O production were explained mainly by the soil properties while the diversity of the nosZII clade on its own explained 26% of the denitrification end-product ratio, which highlights the importance of understanding the ecology of this newly identified clade of N2O reducers for mitigation strategies.
Published: 2015
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32. French Policy Localism: Surfing on ‘ Positive Energie Territories’ (Tepos)

Author: Nadai , Alain, Labussiere , Olivier, Debourdeau , Ariane, Yannick , Régnier, Laure , Dobigny, Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement ( CIRED ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -École des hautes études en sciences sociales ( EHESS ) -AgroParisTech-École des Ponts ParisTech ( ENPC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Pacte, Laboratoire de sciences sociales, Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 ( UPMF ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Sciences Po Grenoble - Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble ( IEPG ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Mutations des activités des espaces et des formes d'organisation dans les territoires ruraux ( METAFORT ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech-VetAgro Sup ( VAS ) -Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture ( IRSTEA ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Réseau pour la transition énergétique, Centre d'étude des techniques, des connaissances et des pratiques ( CETCOPRA ), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne ( UP1 ), This work was carried out with the financial support of the French Agency for the Environment and the Energy (ADEME) (Programme: ‘Mettre l’innovation sur la trajectoire du facteur 4’, Convention 11 10C 0079) and of the French National Research Agency (ANR, programme sociétés innovantes, convention 2011-SOIN-003-01, projet COLLENER)., ANR : SOIN-003-01,COLLENER,Les nouveaux collectifs socio-techniques de la transition énergétique, and ANR : ADEME Convention 11 10C 0079,CLIMENCORED ,Politique CLIMat-Énergie et COmmunautés et Reseaux Energétiques Durables
Subjects: Grass roots initiatives, Localism, [ SHS ] Humanities and Social Sciences, Rural, France, [ SHS.SOCIO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, Energy transition, [ SHS.GEO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography
Abstract: International audience; This paper is interested in sustainable energy initiatives in French rural areas. It follows up the UK debate about ‘localism’. UK policy localism has been cast as neoliberal, framing communities as competent and competitive actors, morally responsible and accountable for their destiny.In France, the emerging policy localism is surfing on an ongoing political structuration of innovative rural territories – ‘Positive Energie Territories’ (TEPOS). The paper presents and discusses the results of a rough census (undertaken in 2012) of significant experiences in this domain. It points to a few experiences and depicts them as risky, trial-and-error transcalar processes that endow locally emergent energy issues with a political dimension. To this extent, they amount to a different way of doing energy policy.The analysis points to an ambiguity in French policy localism. This localism may pave the way for an upscaling of the ongoing TEPOS political structuration, or tend to make TEPOS into demonstration territories within a neoliberal RTD policy approach. In the latter case, it may not necessarily fit territories to pursue their political structuration with a view to the energy transition.
Published: 2015
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33. Use of an in vitro digestion method to estimate human bioaccessibility of Cd in vegetables grown in smelter-impacted soils: the influence of cooking

Author: Christophe Waterlot, Francis Douay, Aurélie Pelfrêne, Antoine Richard, Annie Guérin, Nicolas Proix, Equipe Ecologie Numérique et Ecotoxicologie, Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies, Laboratoire d'Analyses des Sols (LAS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ADEME (French Agency for the Environment and energy Management), and Nord-Pas de Calais Council
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Steaming, Biological Availability, chemistry.chemical_element, Food Contamination, Bioaccessibility, 010501 environmental sciences, Vegetable, 01 natural sciences, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, Geochemistry and Petrology, Vegetables, Humans, Soil Pollutants, Environmental Chemistry, Contaminated soil, Cooking, Food science, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Water Science and Technology, 2. Zero hunger, Cadmium, Chemistry, In vitro digestion, Raw vegetables, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, 040401 food science, Soil contamination, 6. Clean water, Agronomy, Metallurgy, Soil water, Smelting, Cooking methods, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Digestion, France
Abstract: International audience; Metal contamination of urban soils and homegrown vegetables has caused major concern. Some studies showed that cadmium (Cd) was among the most significant hazards in kitchen garden soils and prolonged exposure to this metal could cause deleterious health effects in humans. In general, most risk assessment procedures are based on total concentrations of metals in vegetables. The present study assesses human bioaccessibility of Cd in vegetables cultivated in smelter-impacted kitchen garden soils. Seven vegetables (radish, lettuce, French bean, carrot, leek, tomato, and potato) were considered. Using the UBM protocol (unified BARGE bioaccessibility method), the bioaccessibility of Cd was measured in raw/cooked vegetables. A considerable amount of Cd was mobilized from raw vegetables during the digestion process (on average 85 % in the gastric phase and 69 % in the gastrointestinal phase), which could be attributed to a high uptake of Cd during the growth of the vegetables. Most Cd is accumulated in the vacuoles of plant cells, except what is absorbed by the cell wall, allowing Cd to be released from plant tissues under moderate conditions. Cooking by the steaming process generally increased the bioaccessibility of Cd in French bean, carrot, and leek. For potato, few or no significant differences of Cd bioaccessibility were observed after the steaming process, while the frying process strongly decreased bioaccessibility in both phases. The estimation of metal bioaccessibility in vegetables is helpful for human health risk assessment.
Published: 2015
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34. French Policy Localism: Surfing on ‘Positive Energie Territories’ (Tepos)

Author: Alain Nadaï, Olivier Labussiere, Ariane Debourdeau, Béatrice Cointe, Yannick Régnier, Laure Dobigny, centre international de recherche sur l'environnement et le développement (CIRED), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pacte, Laboratoire de sciences sociales (PACTE), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Sciences Po Grenoble - Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble (IEPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mutations des activités des espaces et des formes d'organisation dans les territoires ruraux (UMR METAFORT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Réseau pour la transition énergétique, Centre d'étude des techniques, des connaissances et des pratiques (CETCOPRA), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), This work was carried out with the financial support of the French Agency for the Environment and the Energy (ADEME) (Programme: ‘Mettre l’innovation sur la trajectoire du facteur 4’, Convention 11 10C 0079) and of the French National Research Agency (ANR, programme sociétés innovantes, convention 2011-SOIN-003-01, projet COLLENER)., ANR-11-SOIN-0003,COLLENER,Collectifs socio-techniques et transition énergétique(2011), ANR-12-ASTR-0028,QUIGARDE,Lasers à cascade quantiques émettant autour de 10 µm pour la détection à distance de composés gazeux(2012), Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement (CIRED), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech, Pacte, Laboratoire de sciences sociales, Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Sciences Po Grenoble - Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble (IEPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Mutations des activités des espaces et des formes d'organisation dans les territoires ruraux (METAFORT), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroParisTech, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), ANR: SOIN-003-01,COLLENER,Les nouveaux collectifs socio-techniques de la transition énergétique, ANR: ADEME Convention 11 10C 0079,CLIMENCORED ,Politique CLIMat-Énergie et COmmunautés et Reseaux Energétiques Durables, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement
Subjects: 020209 energy, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Energy transition, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Energy policy, Politics, Grass roots initiatives, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Economics, Moral responsibility, Rural, Localism, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, Environmental impact of the energy industry, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, General Energy, Framing (social sciences), Economy, Political economy, France, Rural area
Abstract: International audience; This paper is interested in sustainable energy initiatives in French rural areas. It follows up the UK debate about ‘localism’. UK policy localism has been cast as neoliberal, framing communities as competent and competitive actors, morally responsible and accountable for their destiny.In France, the emerging policy localism is surfing on an ongoing political structuration of innovative rural territories – ‘Positive Energie Territories’ (TEPOS). The paper presents and discusses the results of a rough census (undertaken in 2012) of significant experiences in this domain. It points to a few experiences and depicts them as risky, trial-and-error transcalar processes that endow locally emergent energy issues with a political dimension. To this extent, they amount to a different way of doing energy policy.The analysis points to an ambiguity in French policy localism. This localism may pave the way for an upscaling of the ongoing TEPOS political structuration, or tend to make TEPOS into demonstration territories within a neoliberal RTD policy approach. In the latter case, it may not necessarily fit territories to pursue their political structuration with a view to the energy transition.
Published: 2015
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35. Comparison of ozone deposition measured with the dynamic chamber and the eddy covariance method

Author: Jens-Christopher Mayer, Ivonne Trebs, Christof Ammann, Daniel Plake, Patrick Stella, Andreas Held, Alexander Moravek, Biogeochemistry Department [Mainz], Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPIC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Air Monitoring Department, Umwelt Control Labor (UCL), Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Hessian Agency for the Environment and Geology, Climate and Air Pollution Group, Agroscope, Atmosphärische Chemie [Bayreuth], Universität Bayreuth, Environmental Research and Innovation, and Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Eddy covariance, canopy resistance, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Flux (metallurgy), Diurnal cycle, dry deposition, eddy covariance, Nitrogen dioxide, ozone flux, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, Global and Planetary Change, flux partitioning, Forestry, dynamic chamber, Trace gas, Boundary layer, Deposition (aerosol physics), chemistry, 13. Climate action, Agronomy and Crop Science, Water vapor
Abstract: Nowadays, eddy covariance is the state-of-the-art method to quantify turbulent exchange fluxes in the surface boundary layer. In the absence of instruments suitable for high-frequency measurements, fluxes can also be determined using e.g., chamber techniques. However, up to date fluxes of depositing compounds were rarely determined using chamber techniques, mainly due to a modification of the aerodynamic conditions for the trace gas transport within the chamber. In this study, we present ozone (O3) deposition fluxes measured by the dynamic chamber technique and validate them against the eddy covariance (EC) method for a natural grassland site in Germany. The chamber system presented in Pape et al. (2009) was used and optimized to (i) reduce the likelihood of non-stationarities, (ii) yield 30 min averages of flux measurements, and (iii) supply simultaneous profile measurements. The raw O3 fluxes of the dynamic chamber were corrected for gas-phase chemistry in the chamber volume and for the modification of the aerodynamic and boundary layer resistances. Simultaneously measured carbon dioxide and water vapor fluxes by both methods compared well during daytime documenting an equal vegetation activity inside and outside the chambers. The final corrected O3 deposition fluxes of both methods deviated on average by only 11% during daytime. The findings demonstrate the capability of the dynamic chamber method to capture representative O3 deposition fluxes for grassland ecosystems, even when the canopy height is similar to the chamber height. The canopy resistance to O3 was assessed by both methods and showed a characteristic diurnal cycle with minimum hourly median values of 180 s m−1 (chambers) and 150 s m−1 (EC) before noon. During nighttime the fluxes and resistances showed a higher uncertainty for both methods due to frequent low wind associated with non-stationary conditions at the experimental site. Canopy resistances for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) deposition were determined analogously with the chambers and were on average 86% higher than for O3.
Published: 2015
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36. Renewable Energies and European Landscapes

Author: Marina Frolova, María-José Prados, Alain Nadaï, centre international de recherche sur l'environnement et le développement (CIRED), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), This book has its origin in a Spain based on seminars and workshops organized by the Spanish network on Renewable Energies and Landscape (RESERP), since 2010, mostly focused on wind and solar power landscapes. The RESERP network was created as a follow up to an exploratory workshop about the emerging landscapes of energies (EW06-218-LESC) funded by the Eu-ropean Science Foundation (ESF) and organised by CIRED in 2007 (Nogent-sur-Marne, France). The RESERP network has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of the Econo-my and Competitiveness (Grant Number CSO2010-09939-E). Several Workshops and Special Sessions in international Conferences have been organised by RESERP and CIRED since 2010. The additional support provided by the projects sponsored by the Spanish Ministry of the Economy and Competitiveness (Grant Number CSO2011-23670) and the French government and institutions (Research program IMR Ignis mutat Res, Project «Ressources paysagères et ressources éner-gétiques dans le montagnes sud-européennes», ‘Conseil Français de l’Energie', French Ministry for the Environment (MEDAD – Program PDD ‘Paysage et Dé-veloppement Durable’), French Agency for the Environment and the Energy (ADEME) and the Region Ile-de-France (R2DS)) allowed us to extend the range of studies on renewable power landscapes and to include a number of international experts from European countries, mostly from Southern Europe., Springer Netherlands, and ANR-11-SOIN-0003,COLLENER,Collectifs socio-techniques et transition énergétique(2011)
Subjects: Southern Europe, [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, business.industry, 020209 energy, 05 social sciences, 0507 social and economic geography, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, 02 engineering and technology, landscape, [SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology, Renewable energy, Environmental protection, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, renwable energies, Environmental science, business, 050703 geography
Abstract: International audience; This book provides timely, multidisciplinary cross-national comparison of the institutional and social processes through which renewable energy landscapes have emerged in Southern Europe. On the basis of case studies in these countries, it analyzes the way in which and the extent to which the development of renewable energies has affected landscape forms and whether or not it has contributed to a reformulation of landscape practices and values in these countries. Landscape is conceived broadly, as a material, social, political and historical process embedded into the local realm, going beyond aesthetic.The case studies analyze renewable energy landscapes in Southern Europe on different political and geographical scales and compare different types of renewable energy such as wind, hydro, solar and biomass power. The contributors are leading experts from Spain, France, Italy and Portugal. The book is intended for researchers, graduate students and professionals interested in geography, landscape and planning.
Published: 2015
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37. Serum club cell protein 16 is associated with asymptomatic airway responsiveness in adults: Findings from the French epidemiological study on the genetics and environment of asthma

Author: Rava, Marta, Le Moual, Nicole, Dumont, Xavier, Guerra, Stefano, Siroux, Valerie, Jacquemin, Bénédicte, Kauffmann, Francine, Bernard, Alfred, Nadif, Rachel, Vieillissement et Maladies chroniques : approches épidémiologique et de santé publique (VIMA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Arizona Respiratory Center, Centre for Research and Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), IMIM-Hospital del Mar-CIBERESP, Institut d'oncologie/développement Albert Bonniot de Grenoble (INSERM U823), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-EFS-CHU Grenoble-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), The research was funded by the European Respiratory Society (Fellowship LTRF fellowship n°123–2011) and the NETA project (French Agency ofHealth Safety, Environment and Work (AFSSET, EST-09-15)., Faraldo, Beatrice, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-CHU Grenoble-EFS-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Adult, Male, lung function test, Adolescent, Vital Capacity, Bronchial Provocation Tests, Young Adult, airway hyper-reactivity, Forced Expiratory Volume, Humans, Uteroglobin, Methacholine Chloride, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, respiratory system, Middle Aged, biological marker, Asthma, respiratory tract diseases, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Case-Control Studies, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Female, France, Bronchial Hyperreactivity, Biomarkers
Abstract: International audience; Club cell secretory protein (CC-16) is a sensitive biomarker of airways epithelium integrity. It has gained interest as a biological marker in chronic lung diseases because of its presumed relationship to inflammation. Little is known about the association between CC-16 serum level and asthma, lung function and airway responsiveness (AR). Serum CC-16 level was determined by latex immunoassay in 1298 participants from the French Epidemiological case-control and family-based study on Genetics and Environment of Asthma (EGEA) (mean age 43 years; 49% men, 38% with asthma). Pre-bronchodilator lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1 ), forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1 /FVC) and degree of AR, expressed as a function of the dose-response slope to methacholine test were measured. Standardized residuals CC-16 z-scores were obtained by regressing CC-16 level on the glomerular filtration rate. CC-16 z-scores were correlated with asthma, lung function and AR in participants with and without asthma. CC-16 geometric mean level was 12.4 μg/L (range: 2.2-70.6 μg/L). In participants without asthma, lower CC-16 z-scores was associated with impaired FEV1 /FVC% (β = 0.50 (95% CI: 0.06, 0.95) and with higher degree of AR (β = 0.24 (95% CI: 0.09, 0.39)). CC-16 was not associated with impaired lung function or AR in participants with asthma. Lower CC-16 serum level was associated with impaired lung function and AR, suggesting that serum CC-16 level may reflect early damages to the lung epithelium in adults without asthma.
Published: 2014
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38. How consumption prescriptions change food practices.: Assessing the role of household resources and life course events

Author: PLESSZ, Marie, Dubuisson-Quellier, Sophie, Gojard, Severine, Barrey, Sandrine, UR 1303 Alimentation et Sciences Sociales, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Alimentation et Sciences Sociales (ALISS), Centre de sociologie des organisations (CSO), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Travail Organisation Pouvoir (CERTOP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), supported by the French National Research Agency (ANR) [grant number ANR-08-GOUV-013] and by the French Agency for the Environment (ADEME) [grant number 058250], Alimentation et sciences sociales (ALISS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), ANR-08-GOUV-0013,CONSO,Gouverner les conduites de consommation : les cas des politiques de lutte contre l'obésité et de consommation durable(2008), and Centre de sociologie des organisations (Sciences Po, CNRS) (CSO)
Subjects: life course, social differenciation, [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, prescriptions, food consumption, theories of practice, France
Abstract: Food consumption has become the subject of many prescriptions that aim to improve consumers’ health and protect the environment. This study examined recent changes in food practices that occurred in response to prescriptions. Based on practice theories, we assume that links that connect practices with prescriptions result from evolving social interactions. Consistent with the life-course perspective, we focus on distinctions between public prescriptions and standards that individuals consider relevant to their lives. We rely on quantitative data and the results of qualitative fieldwork conducted in France. Our results suggest that consumers may change food practices when they reach turning points in their lives. They may reconsider resources, skills and standards. Middle- and upper-class individuals are more likely to adopt standards consistent with public prescriptions. Possible explanations are that they trust expert knowledge sources, their social networks are less stable and smaller gaps exist between their standards and prescriptions.
Published: 2014
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39. Environmental and health impacts of fine and ultrafine metallic particles : assessment of threat scores

Author: Thibaut Leveque, Tiantian Xiong, Sylvaine Goix, Florence Geret, Armelle Baeza-Squiban, Gaëlle Uzu, Annabelle Austruy, Eva Schreck, Camille Dumat, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie (ADEME), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA (UMR_8251 / U1133)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géographie de l'environnement (GEODE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement (LTHE), Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Institut Ecocitoyen pour la Connaissance des Pollutions [Fos-sur-Mer], This work was funded by the French Agency of the Environment and Energy (ADEME) via the DIMENSION project, as well as the Chemical Metal Treatments Company (STCM)., Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut Ecocitoyen pour la Connaissance des Pollutions (FRANCE), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)
Subjects: Pollution, (Eco)toxicity, media_common.quotation_subject, Threat scores, chemistry.chemical_element, Metal Nanoparticles, Bioaccessibility, [CHIM.INOR]Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry, Ecotoxicology, Biochemistry, Risk Assessment, law.invention, Metal, law, Cell Line, Tumor, Cadmium Compounds, Humans, Ecotoxicity, Solubility, Crystallization, Dissolution, General Environmental Science, media_common, Cadmium, Metallurgy, Oxides, Aliivibrio fischeri, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Trace Elements, Metal(loid)s, Speciation, Oxidative Stress, chemistry, Lead, 13. Climate action, Metals, Fine and ultrafine metallic particles, Environmental chemistry, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Environmental Pollutants, Particulate Matter, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, Zinc Oxide, Copper
Abstract: International audience; This study proposes global threat scores to prioritize the harmfulness of anthropogenic fine and ultrafine metallic particles (FMP) emitted into the atmosphere at the global scale. (Eco)toxicity of physicochemically characterized FMP oxides for metals currently observed in the atmosphere (CdO, CuO, PbO, PbSO4, Sb2O3, and ZnO) was assessed by performing complementary in vitro tests: ecotoxicity, human bioaccessibility, cytotoxicity, and oxidative potential. Using an innovative methodology based on the combination of (eco)toxicity and physicochemical results, the following hazard classification of the particles is proposed: CdCl2~CdO>CuO>PbO>ZnO>PbSO4>Sb2O3. Both cadmium compounds exhibited the highest threat score due to their high cytotoxicity and bioaccessible dose, whatever their solubility and speciation, suggesting that cadmium toxicity is due to its chemical form rather than its physical form. In contrast, the Sb2O3 threat score was the lowest due to particles with low specific area and solubility, with no effects except a slight oxidative stress. As FMP physicochemical properties reveal differences in specific area, crystallization systems, dissolution process, and speciation, various mechanisms may influence their biological impact. Finally, this newly developed and global approach could be widely used in various contexts of pollution by complex metal particles and may improve risk management.
Published: 2014
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40. Digestate color and light intensity affect nutrient removal and competition phenomena in a microalgal-bacterial ecosystem

Author: Christine Ziebal, Nicolas Bernet, Fabrice Béline, Anne-Marie Pourcher, Cyril Marcilhac, Bruno Sialve, Gestion environnementale et traitement biologique des déchets (UR GERE), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), UNIVERSITE EUROPEENNE DE BRETAGNE FRA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB), Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement [Narbonne] (LBE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Regional Council of Brittany, French Agency for the Environment and Energy Management (ADEME), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Environmental Engineering, Light, Nitrogen, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Color, Chlorella, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, Wastewater, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Waste Disposal, Fluid, MICROALGAE, 010608 biotechnology, Botany, Waste Management and Disposal, Scenedesmus, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Civil and Structural Engineering, AOB COMMUNITY EVOLUTION, Bacteria, Ecological Modeling, Phosphorus, Pulp and paper industry, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, DIGESTATE, Dilution, Anaerobic digestion, Light intensity, Nitrifying bacteria, Digestate, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Nitrification, MICROALGUE
Abstract: During anaerobic digestion, nutrients are mineralized and may require post-treatment for optimum valorization. The cultivation of autotrophic microalgae using the digestate supernatant is a promising solution; however the dark color of the influent poses a serious problem. First, the color of the digestates was studied and the results obtained using three different digestates demonstrated a strong heterogeneity although their color remained rather constant over time. The digestates absorbed light over the whole visible spectrum and remained colored even after a ten-fold dilution. Secondly, the impact of light and of substrate color on the growth of Scenedesmus sp. and on nitrogen removal were assessed. These experiments led to the construction of a model for predicting the impact of influent color and light intensity on N removal. Maximum N removal (8.5 mgN- [Formula: see text] L(-1) d(-1)) was observed with an initial optical density of 0.221 and 244 μmolE m(-)² s(-1) light and the model allows to determine N removal between 15.9 and 22.7 mgN- [Formula: see text] L(-1) d(-1) in real conditions according to the dilution level of the influent and related color. Changes in the microalgae community were monitored and revealed the advantage of Chlorella over Scenedesmus under light-limitation. Additionally microalgae outcompeted nitrifying bacteria and experiments showed how microalgae become better competitors for nutrients when phosphorus is limiting. Furthermore, nitrification was limited by microalgae growth, even when P was not limiting.
Published: 2014
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41. 'Walking the field : Wind power planning and the politics of visualisation (Eure-et-Loir, France)'

Author: Nadai, Alain, Labussiere, Olivier, centre international de recherche sur l'environnement et le développement (CIRED), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), and The author would like to thank the French Ministry for the Environment (MEDDAD - Program PDD 'Paysage et Développement Durable'), the Conseil Français de l'Energie, the French Agency for the Environment and the Energy (ADEME) (Convention 07 10 C 0019), the Region Ile-de-France and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS - Programme Interdisciplinaire pour l'Energie) for their financial support of this research.
Subjects: visualisation, planification, [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, sociologie, Landscape, actor network, éolien, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, planning, paysage, wind power
Abstract: In 2003 wind power arrived massively in the Beauce (at the outskirts of the Parisian basin). This article follows the evolving practice of landscape planning over the course of wind power development in this region of France. Our analysis focus on visualisation processes and the politics of visualisation.
Published: 2013

42. Playing with the Line, Channelling Multiplicity - Wind Power Planning in the Narbonnaise (France, Aude)

Author: Olivier Labussiere, Alain Nadaï, centre international de recherche sur l'environnement et le développement (CIRED), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), and The author would like to thank the French Ministry for the Environment (MEDDAD - Program PDD 'Paysage et Développement Durable'), the 'Conseil Français de l'Energie', the French Agency for the Environment and Energy (ADEME) (Convention 07 10 C 0019), the Region Ile-de-France and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS - Programme Interdisciplinaire pour l'Energie) for their financial support of this research.
Subjects: planification, Process (engineering), Geography, Planning and Development, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 0507 social and economic geography, 02 engineering and technology, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), carte, 11. Sustainability, map, Sociology, paysage, Composition (language), forme graphique, relation, Materiality (auditing), [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, 05 social sciences, Sign (semiotics), Charter, 021107 urban & regional planning, Deleuze, éolien, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, landscape, tracing, calque, Epistemology, diffraction de la représentation, Transformative learning, Work (electrical), graphic form, Normative, Ethnology, Wind power, planning, 050703 geography
Abstract: International audience; This paper describes an innovative planning process, the Wind Power Charter of the Regional Natural Park in the Narbonnaise (southern France). By "innovative", we mean that planners' decisions relate to the site / situation which they aim to transform rather than to pre-existing norms or abstract territorial representations, as is so often the case in wind power planning processes. This planning process has a direct consequence: it succeeds in taking into account the existing local landscape and in engaging it in a transformative process. Drawing upon Deleuze's and Guattari's concepts of "map"/"tracing", and on Deleuze's concept of "sign", we follow the way in which landscape is circulated in this process and analyse the relational properties of the graphic representations, which underlie it. The analysis relies on a follow-up of the design and consultation work throughout this process. It shows how an iconographic practice can contribute to composing an emerging reality (new landscape) without indexing it to pre-existing and normative representations of the territory. Hence the title of the paper, "Playing with the Line, Channelling Multiplicity", which connects the materiality of graphic forms with the non-representational, with the multiplicity of the emerging energy landscapes.; Cet article décrit un processus de planification innovante - la Charte éolienne du Parc naturel régional de la Narbonnaise (Sud de la France) - qu'il analyse dans son travail de composition de paysages éoliens. A l'instar de la " carte " de Deleuze et Guattari, nous approchons cette planification comme un processus ouvert, connecté sur la multiplicité sociale, spatiale et paysagère. L'analyse repose sur le suivi du travail de conception et de concertation des agences de paysage en charge de cette planification. Elle s'intéresse au rôle des formes cartographiques (blocs diagrammes, cartes, texte) et des pratiques qui les accompagnent (codes graphiques, mode d'utilisation des supports graphiques, mise en réseau, concertation ...) dans la composition de nouveaux paysages. Elle montre comment un dispositif iconographique parvient à spatialiser des paysages éoliens potentiels sans les indexer de façon normative au territoire. Replacée au sein du débat entre approches représentationnelles et non-représentationnelles, cette analyse indique une voie médiane où la forme, devenue seconde, possède des propriétés étonnantes pour faire circuler des intensités a-formelles, et expérimenter de nouveaux devenirs entre humains et non-humains.
Published: 2013
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43. Planning with the missing masses: innovative wind power planning in France

Author: Alain Nadaï, centre international de recherche sur l'environnement et le développement (CIRED), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), The author would like to thank the French Ministry for the Environment (MEDDAD - Program PDD 'Paysage et Développement Durable'), the 'Conseil Français de l'Energie', the French Agency for the Environment and the Energy (ADEME) (Convention 07 10 C 0019), the Region Ile-de-France and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS - Programme Interdisciplinaire pour l'Energie) for their financial support of this research., and Palgrave Macmillan
Subjects: Engineering, Architectural engineering, agence, Actor–network theory, 020209 energy, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Agency (philosophy), 02 engineering and technology, Commission, Realm, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, plannification, windpower, sociology, Wind power, [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, business.industry, Management science, Perspective (graphical), 021107 urban & regional planning, Nameplate capacity, Software deployment, agency, éolien ( France, France, planning, business
Abstract: The recent deployment of wind energy in many countries is raising acceptance issues, especially in relation to landscape issues in some countries. This has been the case in France or the UK and, more recently, Denmark and Germany, two countries which were famous for their successful wind power development. The role of land and landscape planning has been questioned in this process as regards to its procedural efficiency in easing wind power deployment. This resulted in what has been termed a "planning problem", a perspective which tends to overlook the qualitative and potentially innovative dimension of wind power planning processes. The chapter aims at contributing in reversing the "planning problem" perspective by looking at the way in which wind power planning processes contributed in renewing the social representations and practices of landscape in different parts of, hence contributing to the deployment of this technology. Academic research on wind power has highlighted important dimensions of planning processes, such as the role of civil society and social networks during the implementation phase. Yet what these analyses have suggested, but not made sufficiently clear, is that implementation goes beyond (merely) applying a pre-given and stable framework. As Waterton (2003) has shown, even implementing a mere botanical classification entails performance and innovation: depending on whether you are a dancer or a social scientist, you will not end up with the same categorization. In other words, implementation leads to innovation in the sense of a transformation of existing norms and institutions in accordance with a situated experience. Such innovation underlies technological development because it is the social process of assembling heterogeneous networks. In this chapter, I shall elaborate this argument and contextualize it by looking at the way in which wind power planning processes helped innovate social representations and practices of landscape in two parts of France - Aveyron and Narbonnaise. The case studies will examine the ways in which the potential of wind power technology is constructed through the situated process of planning wind power in these different places. They illustrate the capacity of planning to evolve from a rather administrative and normative approach to more open and innovative approaches so as to address issues raised by wind power deployment (§1). I then use these cases to discuss lessons for the analysis of the energy transition and the role of planning (§2). Finally, I conclude by briefly considering the extent to which the lessons learned from wind power deployment might be relevant for the governance of the broader energy transition.
Published: 2012

44. Fate of steroid hormones and endocrine activities in swine manure disposal and treatment facilities

Author: Virginie Bellet, Sarah Combalbert, Guillermina Hernandez-Raquet, Nicolas Bernet, Patrick Balaguer, Patrick Dabert, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Gestion environnementale et traitement biologique des déchets (UR GERE), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), UNIVERSITE EUROPEENNE DE BRETAGNE FRA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement [Narbonne] (LBE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés (LISBP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), French National Agency for Research (ANR), French Agency for the Environment and Energy Management (ADEME) [ANR-07-SEST-006-01], ANR-07-SEST-0006,DIPERPHA,Dynamique et Impact des Perturbateurs endocriniens et des composés Pharmaceutiques issus des élevagess agricoles(2007), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Swine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 010501 environmental sciences, Ecotoxicology, 01 natural sciences, RECEPTEUR ENDOCRINIEN, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, Waste Management and Disposal, HORMONE STEROIDE, Water Science and Technology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Chemistry, Ecological Modeling, Endocrine receptors, Pollution, Aerobiosis, Refuse Disposal, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Steroids, Fertilizer, France, Environmental Engineering, medicine.drug_class, engineering.material, Cell Line, 03 medical and health sciences, Aerobic treatment, Anaerobic digestion, medicine, Endocrine system, Animals, Humans, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Endocrine disruptors, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Civil and Structural Engineering, Steroid hormones, Pollutant, Manure, Hormones, Nuclear receptor, 13. Climate action, Estrogen, engineering, Hormone
Abstract: International audience; Manure may contain high concern endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) such as steroid hormones, naturally produced by pigs, which are present at mu g L-1 levels. Manure may also contain other EDCs such as nonylphenols (NP), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and dioxins. Thus, once manure is applied to the land as soil fertilizer these compounds may reach aquifers and consequently living organisms, inducing abnormal endocrine responses. In France, manure is generally stored in anaerobic tanks prior spreading on land; when nitrogen removal is requested, manure is treated by aerobic processes before spreading. However, little is known about the fate of hormones and multiple endocrine-disrupting activities in such manure disposal and treatment systems. Here, we determined the fate of hormones and diverse endocrine activities during manure storage and treatment by combining chemical analysis and in vitro quantification of estrogen (ER), aryl hydrocarbon (AhR), androgen (AR), pregnane-X (PXR) and peroxysome proliferator-activated gamma (PPAR gamma) receptor-mediated activities. Our results show that manure contains large quantities of hormones and activates ER and AhR, two of the nuclear receptors studied. Most of these endocrine activities were found in the solid fraction of manure and appeared to be induced mainly by hormones and other unidentified pollutants. Hormones, ER and AhR activities found in manure were poorly removed during manure storage but were efficiently removed by aerobic treatment of manure.
Published: 2012
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45. The EMEP MSC-W chemical transport model - technical description

Author: Valiyavetil S. Semeena, Chris Flechard, David Simpson, Garry Hayman, Halldis Berge, Hilde Fagerli, Michael Gauss, Peter Wind, Cornelia Richter, Lisa Emberson, Juha Pekka Tuovinen, Alvaro Valdebenito, Anna Benedictow, Robert Bergström, Jan Eiof Jonson, Agnes Nyiri, Michael E. Jenkin, Svetlana Tsyro, EMEP Meteorological Synthesising Centre-East (MSC-E), European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP), European Environment Agency (EEA)-European Environment Agency (EEA), Chalmers University of Technology [Gothenburg, Sweden], EMEP Meteorological Synthesizing Centre-West (MSC-W), Department of chemistry, University of Gothenburg, Sweden, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Stockolm Environmental Institute, University of York, York, England, Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Atmospheric Chemistry Services [UK], Gesellschaft für Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) mbH, Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), University of Tromsø (UiT), EMEP under UNECE EU 34684 Nitro-Europe, FP6-2004-No017841-2 Swedish Research Programme for Clean Air (SCARP), LDE by DEFRA (UK Dept. of Environ., Food and Rural Affairs), AQ0601 Swedish Tellus project (Centre of Earth Systems Science at the University of Gothenburg), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Berge, H., Bergström, R., Emberson, L. D., Fagerli, H., Flechard, Christophe, Hayman, G. D., Gauss, M., Jonson, J. E., Jenkin, M. E., Nyíri, A., Richter, C., Semeena, V. S., Tsyro, S., Tuovinen, J. P., Valdebenito, Á, and Wind, P.
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Geosciences: 450::Meteorology: 453, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Grid size, Chemical transport model, Meteorology, secondary organic aerosol, long-range transport, regional air-quality, bidirectional ammonia exchange, intermediate cri mechanism, vertical column abundance, ozone deposition module, gaseous dry deposition, atmospheric dust cycle, north-atlantic ocean, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Air pollution, 010501 environmental sciences, medicine.disease_cause, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Atmospheric Sciences, lcsh:Chemistry, Meteorology and Climatology, medicine, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Miljövetenskap, VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Geofag: 450::Meteorologi: 453, lcsh:QC1-999, Ground level, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Tropopause, Environmental Sciences, lcsh:Physics, Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution
Abstract: The Meteorological Synthesizing Centre-West (MSC-W) of the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) has been performing model calculations in support of the Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP) for more than 30 years. The EMEP MSC-W chemical transport model is still one of the key tools within European air pollution policy assessments. Traditionally, the model has covered all of Europe with a resolution of about 50 km × 50 km, and extending vertically from ground level to the tropopause (100 hPa). The model has changed extensively over the last ten years, however, with flexible processing of chemical schemes, meteorological inputs, and with nesting capability: the code is now applied on scales ranging from local (ca. 5 km grid size) to global (with 1 degree resolution). The model is used to simulate photo-oxidants and both inorganic and organic aerosols. In 2008 the EMEP model was released for the first time as public domain code, along with all required input data for model runs for one year. The second release of the EMEP MSC-W model became available in mid 2011, and a new release is targeted for summer 2012. This publication is intended to document this third release of the EMEP MSC-W model. The model formulations are given, along with details of input data-sets which are used, and a brief background on some of the choices made in the formulation is presented. The model code itself is available at www.emep.int, along with the data required to run for a full year over Europe.
Published: 2012
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46. Short-term impact of ambient air pollution and air temperature on blood pressure among pregnant women

Author: Alexandra Schneider, Regina Hampel, Rémy Slama, Marie-Aline Charles, Sébastien Bottagisi, Pierre Ducimetière, Johanna Lepeule, Annette Peters, Center For Narcolepsy, Stanford University, Institut d'oncologie/développement Albert Bonniot de Grenoble (INSERM U823), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-EFS-CHU Grenoble-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Epidémiologie cardiovasculaire et mort subite, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), INSERM U823, équipe 12 (Epidémiologie Environnementale appliquée à la Reproduction et la Santé Respiratoire), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-EFS-CHU Grenoble-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-EFS-CHU Grenoble-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Supported by a grant from ANSES (French Agency for food, environment and occupation health safety, call EST-Environment Santé Travail, Eden- Air Plus project). The Eden cohort is funded by the Foundation for Medical Research (FRM), Inserm, IReSP, Nestlé, French Ministry of Health, National Research Agency (ANR), Univ. Paris-Sud, Institute of Health Monitoring (InVS), ANSES, MGEN, AFSSA. The team of Environmental Epidemiology (Inserm U823) is supported by an AVENIR grant from Inserm., Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-CHU Grenoble-EFS-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-CHU Grenoble-EFS-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-CHU Grenoble-EFS-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Slama, Rémy, and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Epidemiology, Nitrogen Dioxide, Air pollution, Blood Pressure, 010501 environmental sciences, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Animal science, Pregnancy, Humans, Medicine, Nitrogen dioxide, 030212 general & internal medicine, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Air Pollutants, Inhalation Exposure, Ambient air pollution, business.industry, Temperature, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, Surgery, Blood pressure, chemistry, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, 13. Climate action, Air temperature, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, France, business, Cohort study
Abstract: International audience; BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic studies have reported inconsistent findings for the association between air pollution levels and blood pressure (BP), which has been studied mainly in elderly subjects. Short-term air pollution effects on BP have not been investigated in pregnant women, who may constitute a vulnerable population. METHODS: Between 2002 and 2006, 1500 pregnant women from a mother-child cohort study conducted in Nancy and Poitiers, France, underwent 11,220 repeated BP measurements (average, 7.5 measurements/woman). Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter below 10 μm (PM₁₀), and meteorologic variables were measured on an hourly basis at permanent monitoring sites. We studied changes of BP in relation to short-term variations of air pollution and temperature with mixed models adjusted for meteorologic and personal characteristics. RESULTS: A 10°C decrease in temperature led to an increase in systolic BP of 0.5% (95% confidence interval = 0.1% to 1.0%). Elevated NO₂-levels 1 day, 5 days and averaged over 7 days before the BP measurement were associated with reduced systolic BP. The strongest decrease was observed for the 7-day NO₂ average (-0.4% [-0.7% to -0.2%] change for an 11 μg/m³ increase in NO₂). PM₁₀ effects on systolic BP differed according to pregnancy trimester: PM₁₀ concentration was associated with systolic BP increases during the first trimester and systolic BP decreases later in pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: We observed short-term associations of air pollution and of temperature with BP in pregnant women. Whether such changes in BP have clinical implications remains to be investigated.
Published: 2011
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47. Erratum to: Climate change under aggressive mitigation: The ENSEMBLES multi-model experiment (Clim Dyn, (2011), 10.1007/s00382-011-1005-5)

Author: Johns, T.C., Royer, J.-F., Höschel, I., Huebener, H., Roeckner, E., Manzini, E., May, W., Dufresne, J.-L., Otterå, O.H., van Vuuren, D.P., Salas y Melia, D., Giorgetta, M.A., Denvil, S., Yang, S., Fogli, P.G., Körper, J., Tjiputra, J.F., Stehfest, E., Hewitt, C.D., Met Office Hadley Centre for Climate Change (MOHC), United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut für Meteorologie [Berlin], Freie Universität Berlin, Hessian Agency for the Environment and Geology, Rheingaustraße 186, 65203 Wiesbaden, Germany, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Bologna (INGV), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Centro Euro-Mediterraneo per i Cambiamenti Climatici [Bologna] (CMCC), Danish Climate Centre, Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center [Bergen] (NERSC), Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (BCCR), Department of Biological Sciences [Bergen] (BIO / UiB), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), Utrech University, Utrech, Netherlands, Planbureau voor de Leefomgeving (PBL), Bilthoven, Netherlands, Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X), University of Bergen (UiB), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology
Abstract: International audience; Unfortunately, in the aforementioned contribution, Table 2 of this paper erroneously reported two separate rows of data for the BCM-C model for both the A1B and E1 scenarios, only one of which was correct in each case. The lower of the two rows of data for each scenario (i.e. those corresponding to T changes of 2.44 K for A1B and 1.18 K for E1) contained correct data. The upper rows of data reported (i.e. those corresponding to T changes of 2.65 K for A1B and 1.38 for E1) contained some errors and should not have appeared. A corrected version of Table 2 appears below.
Published: 2011
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48. Indicators of pesticide contamination: Soil enzyme compared to functional diversity of bacterial communities via Biolog (R) Ecoplates

Author: Carine Floch, Karine Joanico, Yvan Capowiez, Anne-Céline Chevremont, Stéven Criquet, Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3, Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), French Agency for the Environment and Energy Management (ADEME), and French Agency for Water in the Rhone-Mediterranee-Corse area (Agence de l'eau RMC)
Subjects: Microcosms, Soil biology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], INVERTASE, Soil Science, Soil resilience, Soil enzymes, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, Bacterial functional diversity, CARBON-SOURCE UTILIZATION, ECOSYSTEMS, MANAGEMENT, POLLUTANTS, Food science, MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES, Pesticides, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Biolog (R), biology, Pesticide residue, Ecology, Beta-glucosidase, Indicator of soil contamination, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Pesticide, Contamination, SOURCE UTILIZATION PROFILES, DEGRADATION, Enzyme assay, Insect Science, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, biology.protein, RESIDUES, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Microcosm
Abstract: International audience; The aim of this study was to clarify the potential of soil enzyme activities as indicators of pesticide contamination, and to compare this to using the functional diversity of bacterial communities via Biolog (R) Ecoplates. The individual effects of the pure active ingredients (i.e. not the commercial formulations) of ten pesticides on various soil enzyme activities were recorded under laboratory conditions at different incubation times (i.e. 0, 2, 6 and 12 months). Results clearly showed that response patterns of soil enzyme activities differed in their sensitivities to pesticide addition over time (i.e. stimulation, inhibition or no effect). Results suggested that phenol oxidase activity could be used as an early indicator of pesticide contamination, and arylamidase and beta-glucosidase could be used to evaluate soil resilience after pesticide disturbances. We concluded that the functional diversity of bacterial communities was less efficient than soil enzyme activities as an indicator of pesticide contamination. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.
Published: 2011
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49. Climate change under aggressive mitigation: The ENSEMBLES multi-model experiment

Author: D. Salas y Melia, I. Höschel, E. Stehfest, Chris Hewitt, Jean-Louis Dufresne, J. Körper, Pier Giuseppe Fogli, D.P. van Vuuren, Jerry Tjiputra, Erich Roeckner, Sébastien Denvil, Wilhelm May, T. C. Johns, Shuting Yang, Elisa Manzini, Odd Helge Otterå, Jean-François Royer, Marco Giorgetta, H. Huebener, Met Office Hadley Centre for Climate Change (MOHC), United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut für Meteorologie [Berlin], Freie Universität Berlin, Hessian Agency for the Environment and Geology, Rheingaustraße 186, 65203 Wiesbaden, Germany, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Bologna (INGV), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Centro Euro-Mediterraneo per i Cambiamenti Climatici [Bologna] (CMCC), Danish Climate Centre, Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center [Bergen] (NERSC), Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (BCCR), Department of Biological Sciences [Bergen] (BIO / UiB), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), University of Bergen (UiB), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Utrecht University [Utrecht], Planbureau voor de Leefomgeving (PBL), Bilthoven, Netherlands, Geophysical Institute [Bergen] (GFI / BiU), Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X), Environmental Sciences, and Section Environmental Sciences
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], 0207 environmental engineering, Climate change, 02 engineering and technology, Atmospheric sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Carbon cycle, Taverne, Land use, land-use change and forestry, 020701 environmental engineering, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Global temperature, business.industry, Fossil fuel, Global warming, Radiative forcing, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Climatology, Greenhouse gas, Environmental science, business
Abstract: International audience; We present results from multiple comprehensive models used to simulate an aggressive mitigation scenario based on detailed results of an Integrated Assessment Model. The experiment employs ten global climate and Earth System models (GCMs and ESMs) and pioneers elements of the long-term experimental design for the forthcoming 5th Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change assessment. Atmospheric carbon-dioxide concentrations pathways rather than carbon emissions are specified in all models, including five ESMs that contain interactive carbon cycles. Specified forcings also include minor greenhouse gas concentration pathways, ozone concentration, aerosols (via concentrations or precursor emissions) and land use change (in five models). The new aggressive mitigation scenario (E1), constructed using an integrated assessment model (IMAGE 2. 4) with reduced fossil fuel use for energy production aimed at stabilizing global warming below 2 K, is studied alongside the medium-high non-mitigation scenario SRES A1B. Resulting twenty-first century global mean warming and precipitation changes for A1B are broadly consistent with previous studies. In E1 twenty-first century global warming remains below 2 K in most models, but global mean precipitation changes are higher than in A1B up to 2065 and consistently higher per degree of warming. The spread in global temperature and precipitation responses is partly attributable to inter-model variations in aerosol loading and representations of aerosol-related radiative forcing effects. Our study illustrates that the benefits of mitigation will not be realised in temperature terms until several decades after emissions reductions begin, and may vary considerably between regions. A subset of the models containing integrated carbon cycles agree that land and ocean sinks remove roughly half of present day anthropogenic carbon emissions from the atmosphere, and that anthropogenic carbon emissions must decrease by at least 50% by 2050 relative to 1990, with further large reductions needed beyond that to achieve the E1 concentrations pathway. Negative allowable anthropogenic carbon emissions at and beyond 2100 cannot be ruled out for the E1 scenario. There is self-consistency between the multi-model ensemble of allowable anthropogenic carbon emissions and the E1 scenario emissions from IMAGE 2. 4. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.
Published: 2011
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50. Ground-based optical measurements at European flux sites: a review of methods, instruments and current controversies

Author: Manuela Balzarolo 1, Karen Anderson 2, Caroline Nichol 3, Micol Rossini 4, Loris Vescovo 5, Nicola Arriga 1, Georg Wohlfahrt 6, Jean-Christophe Calvet 7, Arnaud Carrara 8, Sofia Cerasoli 9, Sergio Cogliati 4, Fabrice Daumard 10, Lars Eklundh 11, Jan A. Elbers 12, Fatih Evrendilek 13, Rebecca N. Handcock 14, Joerg Kaduk 15, Katja Klumpp 16, Bernard Longdoz 17, Giorgio Matteucci 18, Michele Meroni 4, Lenoardo Montagnani 20, Jean-Marc Ourcival 22, Enrique P. Sánchez-Cañete 23, Jean-Yves Pontailler 24, Radoslaw Juszczak 25, Bob Scholes 26, M. Pilar Martín 27, DIBAF, University of Tuscia, Via S.C. de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy, Department of Geography, University of Exeter, Rennes Drive, Exeter, United Kingdom, School of Geosciences [Edinburgh], University of Edinburgh, DISAT, University of Milan-Bicocca, piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy, CRI, Fondazione E. Mach, Viote del Monte Bondone, Trento, Italy, Institut für Ökologie, Universität Innsbruck, Sternwartestr. 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria, Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fundacion CEAM, Parque Tecnologico, Calle C.R. Darwin, Paterna, SP-46980, Valencia, Spain, Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Technical University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Department of Earth and Ecosystem Sciences [Lund], Lund University [Lund], Alterra, ESS-CC Group, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands, Department of Environmental Engineering, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Gölköy Campus, 14280 Bolu, Turkey, CSIRO, Private Bag 5, Wembley, WA, 6913, Australia, Department of Geography [Leicester], University of Leicester, INRA, Grassland Ecosystem Research Unite, UR874, 63100 Clermont Ferrand, France, Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), CNR, Institute for Agricultural and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, Via Cavour, 4-6 I-87036, Rende, Italy, JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Forest Services and Agency for the Environment, Autonomous Province of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy, Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Végétale, Université Paris Sud-Orsay, CNRS URA 1492 Bât. 362, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France, Dept. of Meteorology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Piatkowska 94, 60-649 Poznan, Poland, CSIR, Ecosystem Processes and Dynamics, PO Box 395, 0001 Pretoria, South Africa, Centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales (CCHS), Balzarolo, Manuela, University of Exeter, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial (UREP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research [Pretoria] (CSIR), Fundación Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterráneo, University of Innsbruck, Austrian Science Fund, Tyrolean Science Fund, Natural Environment Research Council (UK), European Commission, European Cooperation in Science and Technology, Martín, M. Pilar [0000-0002-5563-8461], Balzarolo, Manuela [0000-0002-7888-1501], Rossini, Micol [0000-0002-6052-3140], Arriga, Nicola [0000-0001-5321-3497], Carrara, Arnaud [0000-0002-9095-8807], Cerasoli, Sofia [0000-0002-9118-193X], Eklundh, Lars [0000-0001-7644-6517], Elbers, Jan A. [0000-0002-0631-3505], Handcock, Rebecca N. [0000-0001-5903-6620], Sánchez-Cañete, Enrique P. [0000-0003-0482-6726], Juszczak, Radoslaw [0000-0002-5212-7383], Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Balzarolo, M, Anderson, K, Nichol, C, Rossini, M, Vescovo, L, Arriga, N, Wohlfahrt, G, Calvet, J, Carrara, A, Cerasoli, S, Cogliati, S, Daumard, F, Eklundh, L, Elbers, J, Evrendilek, F, Handcock, R, Kaduk, J, Klumpp, K, Longdoz, B, Matteucci, G, Meroni, M, Montagnani, L, Ourcival, J, Sanchez Canete, E, Pontailler, J, Juszczak, R, Scholes, B, Martin, M, Martín, M. Pilar, Rossini, Micol, Arriga, Nicola, Carrara, Arnaud, Cerasoli, Sofia, Eklundh, Lars, Elbers, Jan A., Handcock, Rebecca N., Sánchez-Cañete, Enrique P., and Juszczak, Radoslaw
Subjects: Optics and Photonics, Time Factors, Light, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, Climate, Cost-Benefit Analysis, International Cooperation, resolution ndvi, 0211 other engineering and technologies, standardisation, Review, 02 engineering and technology, lcsh:Chemical technology, spectral reflectance, sensors, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Analytical Chemistry, european flux networks, protocol standardization, optical measurements, vegetation indexes, co2 fluxes, photosynthetic efficiency, ndvi measurements, carbon dioxide, ecosystem, calibration, validation, CARBON-DIOXIDE, sensor, Surveys and Questionnaires, Environmental monitoring, lcsh:TP1-1185, Instrumentation, protocole, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], efficience photosynthétique, Sampling (statistics), NDVI MEASUREMENTS, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Variety (cybernetics), Europe, indice de végétation, Protocol standardisation, European flux networks, Environmental Monitoring, Underpinning, Conservation of Natural Resources, PHOTOSYNTHETIC EFFICIENCY, Climate Change, Eddy covariance, Biophysics, Climate change, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, protocol standardisation, Optical measurements, écosystème, VALIDATION, dioxyde de carbone, Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA, optical measurement, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Radiometry, SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE, Remote sensing, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Protocol (science), FOOTPRINT, Electronic Data Processing, VEGETATION INDEXES, CO2 FLUXES, Sensors, mesure optique, flux de co2, Reproducibility of Results, Data science, reflectance spectrale, GEO/10 - GEOFISICA DELLA TERRA SOLIDA, Software deployment, Autre (Sciences de l'ingénieur), capteur, ndvi, RESOLUTION NDVI, ECOSYSTEM
Abstract: This paper reviews the currently available optical sensors, their limitations and opportunities for deployment at Eddy Covariance (EC) sites in Europe. This review is based on the results obtained from an online survey designed and disseminated by the Co-cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action ESO903—“Spectral Sampling Tools for Vegetation Biophysical Parameters and Flux Measurements in Europe” that provided a complete view on spectral sampling activities carried out within the different research teams in European countries. The results have highlighted that a wide variety of optical sensors are in use at flux sites across Europe, and responses further demonstrated that users were not always fully aware of the key issues underpinning repeatability and the reproducibility of their spectral measurements. The key findings of this survey point towards the need for greater awareness of the need for standardisation and development of a common protocol of optical sampling at the European EC sites., This work was supported by the EU COST Office in the framework of the Action ES0903. C.Nichol’s project on spectral sensing is funded through a UK Natural Environment Research Council standard grant (NE/F017294/1). G.W. acknowledges financial support by the Austrian National Science Fund and the Tyrolean Science Fund through grants P17560-B16 and P19849-B16 and Uni-404/33 and Uni-404/486, respectively, as well as the University of Innsbruck. A.C. acknowledges financial support provide to Foundation CEAM by the programs CONSOLIDER- INGENIO 2010 (GRACCIE), and CARBORED-II (CGL2010-22193-C04-01).
Published: 2011
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