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La crisis energética generada por la guerra en Ucrania ha evidenciado la enorme vulnerabilidad de la Unión Europea (UE) a las importaciones de combustibles fósiles rusos. Como respuesta, la UE ha adoptado el REPowerEU plan, cuyo objetivo es lograr la autonomía energética a corto plazo. Enmarcado en el Pacto Verde Europeo, REPowerEU acelera la transformación energética como componente esencial de la transición hacia la neutralidad climática. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las nuevas medidas introducidas por REPowerEU, valorando su potencial para acelerar la transición energética y su contribución a la agenda climática europea. El análisis revela que la implementación del REPowerEU, no sólo conlleva una renovación acelerada de fuentes y suministradores energéticos, sino también un cambio de modelo energético, en el que la seguridad energética se erige actualmente en la prioridad fundamental, por encima de la lógica tradicional delmercado, asentada en la competitividad y eficiencia económica. -------- ABSTRACT The energy crisis generated by the war in Ukraine has shown the enormous vulnerability of the European Union (EU) to imports of Russian fossil fuels. In response, the EU has adopted the REPowerEU plan, which aims to achieve energy autonomy in the short term. Framed within the European Green Deal, REPowerEU accelerates the energy transformation as an essential component of the transition towards climate neutrality. The objective of this article is to analyze the new measures introduced by REPowerEU, while assessing their potential to accelerate the energy transition and their contribution to the European climate agenda. The analysis reveals that the implementation of REPowerEU not only implies an accelerated renewal of energy sources and suppliers, but also a change in the energy model, in which energy security is cur- rently the fundamental priority above traditional market approach, based on competitiveness and economic efficiency., The energy crisis generated by the war in Ukraine has shown the enormous vulnerability of the European Union (EU) to imports of Russian fossil fuels. In response, the EU has adopted the REPowerEU plan, which aims to achieve energy autonomy in the short term. Framed within the European Green Deal, REPowerEU accelerates the energy transformation as an essential component of the transition towards climate neutrality. The objective of this article is to analyze the new measures introduced by REPowerEU, while assessing their potential to accelerate the energy transition and their contribution to the European climate agenda. The analysis reveals that the implementation of REPowerEU not only implies an accelerated renewal of energy sources and suppliers, but also a change in the energy model, in which energy security is cur- rently the fundamental priority above traditional market approach, based on competitiveness and economic efficiency

El presente artículo analiza críticamente el uso extendido de los denominados Online Dispute Resolution (ODR, por sus siglas en inglés) en el ámbito procesal, para la resolución de conflictos, especialmente en materia de consumo. Explora cómo estos métodos, si bien promocionados como eficientes y accesibles, pueden socavar principios fundamentales de que rigen el proceso, como la igualdad, la legalidad y el desinterés objetivo, así como otros principios típicos de los medios autocompositivos de resolución de conflictos, como la voluntariedad. Desde la perspectiva procesal y de los derechos humanos, se cuestiona el impacto de los ODR en la igualdad de acceso a la justicia y la protección de los derechos individuales. Además, se examinan los riesgos asociados con la privatización de la resolución de disputas y la falta de supervisión y regulación adecuadas en este ámbito. Este artículo busca generar reflexión sobre las implicaciones éticas y sociales de los ODR y promover un debate sobre el equilibrio entre la eficiencia y la equidad en la resolución de conflictos en la era digital., This article critically analyzes the widespread use of so-called Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) in the procedural field for dispute resolution, especially in consumer matters. It explores how these methods, although promoted as efficient and accessible, may undermine fundamental principles governing the process, such as equality, legality and objective disinterestedness, as well as other principles typical of self-compositive means of dispute resolution, such as voluntariness. From a procedural and human rights perspective, the impact of ODR on equal access to justice and the protection of individual rights is questioned. In addition, it examines the risks associated with the privatization of dispute resolution and the lack of adequate oversight and regulation in this area. This article seeks to generate reflection on the ethical and social implications of ODR and to promote a debate on the balance between efficiency and fairness in dispute resolution in the digital age.

El presente estudio se enfoca en la dimensión de los biobancos, en cuanto protagonistas de la dimensión de la investigación científica y, en particular, biomédica. En esta óptica, se aborda el tema de la corporalidad informativamente proyectada, que los datos genéticos y de salud almacenados en los biobancos encarnan, a la búsqueda de un Habeas Data capaz de proporcionar repuestas efectivas y una protección adecuada en la era digital y algorítmica. Desde este punto de vista, se analiza el escenario multifacético, innovador y prometedor marco normativo de la Unión Europea, que actualmente lidera el panorama global en la esfera de la protección de los datos, de la inteligencia artificial y de la creación del Espacio Europeo de Datos Sanitarios. Conclusivamente, se sugiere que justamente el marco normativo de la Unión Europea puede representar un válido modelo universal para la gobernanza de los biobancos., This study focuses on biobanks and their crucial role in the field of scientific and, in particular, biomedical research. From this perspective, it tackles the issue of informationally projected corporality, which «embodies» the genetic and health data stored in biobanks, for the purpose of defining a modern Habeas Data, capable of providing effective responses and an adequate protection in the digital and algorithmic era. From this viewpoint, the innovative legal landscape of the European Union is analysed, placing emphasis on its global leadership in the fields of data protection, artificial intelligence and the creation of the European Health Data Space. Conclusively, this study suggests that the legal framework of the European Union may provide a valuable model for the definition of global governance for biobanks.

El presente trabajo aborda la cuestión del Derecho Humano a la salud en relación con colectivos especialmente vulnerables que, con frecuencia, se ven discriminados en el disfrute de sus Derechos Humanos y libertades fundamentales. En este contexto, nos referiremos a la protección jurídica internacional de ámbito universal del derecho a la salud de las personas con discapacidad. Al respecto, se examinará el concepto de colectivos vulnerables para, a continuación, analizar la protección directa e indirecta del derecho a la salud en la Convención sobre los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad, adoptada por las Naciones Unidas en 2006. ---------- ABSTRACT This paper addresses the issue of the Human Right to health in relation to particularly vulnerable groups that are often discriminated against in the enjoyment of their Human Rights and fundamental freedoms. In this context, we will refer to the universal international legal protection of the right to health of persons with disabilities. To do so, we will examine the concept of vulnerable groups and then we will analyze the direct and indirect protection of the right to health in the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, adopted by the United Nations in 2006., This paper addresses the issue of the Human Right to health in relation to particularly vulnerable groups that are often discriminated against in the enjoyment of their Human Rights and fundamental freedoms. In this context, we will refer to the universal international legal protection of the right to health of persons with disabilities. To do so, we will examine the concept of vulnerable groups and then we will analyze the direct and indirect protection of the right to health in the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, adopted by the United Nations in 2006.

The sensitivity of tree growth to climate is conditioned by several variables, often intermingled, such as the origin of the forest (natural vs. artificial), tree age, tree size and tree-to-tree competition. The effect of these variables is usually inferred from average growth series obtained at the stand level, thus ignoring the differences at the individual tree level and their drivers. Our objective is to disentangle the effects of stand origin, age, size, competition and social status on the sensitivity of tree growth to climate, including the effects of extreme climatic events, such as droughts, on resistance and resilience, and also to show the advantages of using a tree-level approach. To this end, we compared four stands of Pinus sylvestris with contrasting characteristics: young afforested, young of natural origin, old afforested and old of natural origin. We analyzed differences in growth sensitivity to climate at both stand and tree levels to compare both approaches. Our results show the great complexity of the relationships of the variables considered with the sensitivity of growth to climate. All these variables are important and with strong interactions between them, which makes their effects not unidirectional and strongly dependent on the site conditions. While the stand approach hides these interactions, the tree-level approach makes it possible to analyze them in detail. In general, the sensitivity of growth to climate increases with age, diameter, afforested origin, decreasing competition and higher social status; growth resistance increases with age, decreasing diameter, afforested origin, decreasing competition and higher social status; and growth resilience increases with age, diameter, natural origin, decreasing competition and higher social status. We show the usefulness of the analysis of data at individual tree level, which, combined with the joint analysis at stand level, allows us to obtain more accurate and detailed information.

Ribosomes are not totally globular machines. Instead, they comprise prominent structural protrusions and a myriad of tentacle-like projections, which are frequently made up of ribosomal RNA expansion segments and N- or C-terminal extensions of ribosomal proteins. This is more evident in higher eukaryotic ribosomes. One of the most characteristic protrusions, present in small ribosomal subunits in all three domains of life, is the so-called beak, which is relevant for the function and regulation of the ribosome’s activities. During evolution, the beak has transitioned from an all ribosomal RNA structure (helix h33 in 16S rRNA) in bacteria, to an arrangement formed by three ribosomal proteins, eS10, eS12 and eS31, and a smaller h33 ribosomal RNA in eukaryotes. In this review, we describe the different structural and functional properties of the eukaryotic beak. We discuss the state-of-the-art concerning its composition and functional significance, including other processes apparently not related to translation, and the dynamics of its assembly in yeast and human cells. Moreover, we outline the current view about the relevance of the beak’s components in human diseases, especially in ribosomopathies and cancer.

The urgent need for mitigating climate change necessitates a transformative shift in energy production and consumption paradigms. Amidst this challenge, bioenergy emerges as a pivotal contributor to the global energy transition, offering a diverse array of solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels derived from biomass. This mini review delves into the unique potential of bioenergy innovations, particularly renewable diesel, bio jet fuel, and ethanol, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and transform various industries. The article highlights critical technological advancements, supportive policies, and cross-sector collaboration essential for a sustainable energy transition. Specific challenges such as ensuring a consistent biomass feedstock supply, decentralizing processing units, and navigating complex regulatory frameworks are examined. Innovative solutions like decentralized biomass processing and enhanced biomass logistics are discussed as pathways to overcome these barriers. The review provides specific recommendations for near-term policies and strategies to support decentralized facilities, showcasing bioenergy’s role in achieving a sustainable future.

Genome integrity relies on the accuracy of DNA metabolism, but as appreciated for more than four decades, transcription enhances mutation and recombination frequencies. More recent research provided evidence for a previously unforeseen link between RNA and DNA metabolism, which is often related to the accumulation of DNA–RNA hybrids and R-loops. In addition to physiological roles, R-loops interfere with DNA replication and repair, providing a molecular scenario for the origin of genome instability. Here, we review current knowledge on the multiple RNA factors that prevent or resolve R-loops and consequent transcription–replication conflicts and thus act as modulators of genome dynamics.

DNA N6-adenine methylation (6mA) has recently gained importance as an epigenetic modification in eukaryotes. Its function in lineages with high levels, such as early-diverging fungi (EDF), is of particular interest. Here, we investigated the biological significance and evolutionary implications of 6mA in EDF, which exhibit divergent evolutionary patterns in 6mA usage. The analysis of two Mucorales species displaying extreme 6mA usage reveals that species with high 6mA levels show symmetric methylation enriched in highly expressed genes. In contrast, species with low 6mA levels show mostly asymmetric 6mA. Interestingly, transcriptomic regulation throughout development and in response to environmental cues is associated with changes in the 6mA landscape. Furthermore, we identify an EDF-specific methyltransferase, likely originated from endosymbiotic bacteria, as responsible for asymmetric methylation, while an MTA-70 methylation complex performs symmetric methylation. The distinct phenotypes observed in the corresponding mutants reinforced the critical role of both types of 6mA in EDF.

Two-neutron halo nuclei, such as 6He, 11Li or 14Be, are known to have a marked (core + n + n) three-body character, which is reflected in breakup, transfer or knockout reactions channels in nucleon-nucleon collisions. Their Borromean nature implies that the correlation between the valence halo neutrons is key to understand their properties, and their structure is also linked to spectra of the unbound core + n systems. Among other phenomena, the role of core collective excitations may be crucial to understand exotic properties such as parity inversion or shell gap quenching in the vicinity of nuclear halos and related systems. In this contribution it is shown that dineutron correlations can be succesfully probed in proton-target knockout reactions, and that core excitation may be an important ingredient for a proper understanding of experimental observations.Two-neutron halo nuclei, such as 6He, 11Li or 14Be, are known to have a marked (core + n + n) three-body character, which is reflected in breakup, transfer or knockout reactions channels in nucleon-nucleon collisions. Their Borromean nature implies that the correlation between the valence halo neutrons is key to understand their properties, and their structure is also linked to spectra of the unbound core + n systems. Among other phenomena, the role of core collective excitations may be crucial to understand exotic properties such as parity inversion or shell gap quenching in the vicinity of nuclear halos and related systems. In this contribution it is shown that dineutron correlations can be succesfully probed in proton-target knockout reactions, and that core excitation may be an important ingredient for a proper understanding of experimental observations.

Anatoxin-a (ATX-a) is a potent neurotoxin produced by several species of cyanobacteria whose exposure can have direct consequences, including neurological disorders and death. The increasing prevalence of harmful cyanobacterial blooms makes the detection and reliable assessment of ATX-a levels essential to prevent the risk associated with public health. Therefore, the aim of this review is to compile the analytical methods developed to date for the detection and quantification of ATX-a levels alone and in mixtures with other cyanotoxins and their suitability. A classification of the analytical methods available is fundamental to make an appropriate choice according to the type of sample, the equipment available, and the required sensitivity and specificity for each specific purpose. The most widely used detection technique for the quantification of this toxin is liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The analytical methods reviewed herein focus mainly on water and cyanobacterial samples, so the need for validated analytical methods in more complex matrices (vegetables and fish) for the determination of ATX-a to assess dietary exposure to this toxin is evidenced. There is currently a trend towards the validation of multitoxin methods as opposed to single-ATX-a determination methods, which corresponds to the real situation of cyanotoxins’ confluence in nature.

The global COVID-19 pandemic has had an unprecedented psychological effect on young people. The current study aimed to examine the associations between parent-child relationships (parental involvement and parental warmth) and, depression, anxiety, stress and flourishing during emerging adulthood in Spain before (2015) and during (2020) the COVID-19 pandemic. The research compares 2828 emerging adults aged between 18 and 29 years from two different cohorts. Every cohort was comprised for two samples. Sample 1-Cohort 1 and Sample 1-Cohort 2 were collected at U. Osuna and Sample2-Cohort 1 and Sample 2-Cohort 2 were collected at U. Sevilla. Regarding the Sample 1-Cohort 2 was recruited in spring 2020, before the lockdown and Sample 2-Cohort 2 on autumn 2020 during Covid crisis. In the Cohort 1 participants were 1301 emerging adults (59.1% women, 40.9% men; M = 20.06, SD = 2.03) and Cohort 2 participants were 1527 emerging adults (64% women, 35.4% men and 0.6% others; M = 20.48, SD = 2.48). Result showed stability in family relationships variables between 2015 and 2020 pre-pandemic sample (both samples 1) but a decrease in parental involvement and parental warmth between 2015 and 2020 covid-19 sample (samples 2). Parental involvement and parental warmth showed negative and significantly associations with depression, anxiety and stress and positive one with flourishing for both cohorts. Furthermore, the associations between parent-child variables and depression, anxiety, stress and flourishing were generally stronger in Cohort2 (2020) than in Cohort1 (2015), both for Samples 1 and Samples 2. These findings revealed that high-quality parent-child relations continued to be a protective factor against mental illness among emerging adults even under adverse conditions as those experienced during COVID-19 pandemic when family relationships is deteriorated. It is necessary to develop psychological interventions aimed at fostering the protecting role of family to promote the eme

Los profundos cambios experimentados desde finales del siglo XX en las sociedades industrializadas han tenido enormes consecuencias para la población. Una de estas consecuencias es el retraso de las personas jóvenes en la asunción de roles adultos. Esto ha provocado el surgimiento de una nueva etapa en el desarrollo: la adultez emergente (Arnett, 2000), una etapa, entre los 19 y los 29 años, en la que los y las jóvenes ya no son adolescentes pero tampoco pueden considerarse personas adultas. El primer estudio sobre la adultez emergente como nueva etapa evolutiva en España fue Transición a la adultez en España: estudio sobre las claves del ajuste psicosocial y fundamentos para su intervención preventiva (Proyecto TAE; Código: EDU2013-45687-R). El proyecto Estudio longitudinal secuencial sobre la transición a la adultez en España (TAE-II) es la continuación de dicho proyecto, y será llevado a cabo por su mismo equipo de investigación, continuando con el asesoramiento de Jeffrey Arnett. El objetivo general del TAE-II es profundizar con metodología longitudinal secuencial en las variables que promueven el ajuste psicosocial de los y las jóvenes y su capacidad de adaptación al entorno, con el fin último de apoyar, en base a la evidencia empírica, políticas de intervención que optimicen el desarrollo durante estos años. Este objetivo general se divide en cinco objetivos específicos y dos de carácter transversal: continuar profundizando en la comprensión de la etapa evolutiva de la adultez emergente; explicar las variables que predicen el bienestar personal; analizar las variables que contribuyen a entender la calidad de las relaciones que se establecen durante estos años; conocer qué variables contribuyen al ajuste social de los y las jóvenes; y sensibilizar a la opinión pública sobre las características de esta nueva etapa, sobre las necesidades de nuestros y nuestras jóvenes y sus potencialidades y recursos. Los objetivos transversales hacen referencia de un lado, a ana, The dataset is a SPSS database (.sav) containing scores of university students from Seville and the Basque Country. It collects data related to sociodemographic variables and indicators of Flourishing, Social support, Resilience, Emotional intelligence, Romantic Relationships, Family Relationships, Sexism, Identity, Social Participation, Substance Use, Employability, Psychological Distress, Well-being measured over two times period and one cohort.

Replacing homogeneous catalytic processes by heterogeneous routes based on the utilization of solid catalysts is of great interest from an environmental point of view. Owing to their genuine pore structure, zeolites such as mordenites (MOR) have emerged as game-changing materials to enable the heterogenization of catalytic processes including methanol carbonylation. Cu-exchange zeolites take the edge over pristine zeolites, leading to enhanced catalytic performance in terms of greater activity, selectivity, and stability. Herein, the overall catalytic activity and stability can be modulated upon controlling the environment and location of copper active sites in zeolites. In this study, Cu-exchanged mordenites were strategically synthesized to investigate the role of Cu location inside of MOR cavities under working conditions by means of in situ/operando infrared (IR) spectroscopic studies. The results obtained revealed that a major proportion of Cu in the MR-8 cavities notably enhances the activity and stability of the catalyst. This study provides crucial insights for fine-tuning zeolite catalysts to achieve the heterogenization of homogeneous carbonylation processes.

El objetivo principal de este estudio fue examinar las asociaciones de las relaciones familiares (implicación parental y apoyo de la autonomía) y los ingresos familiares con el florecimiento durante la adultez emergente. Este objetivo se analizó desde una perspectiva longitudinal. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 400 jóvenes (n = 132 hombres, 268 mujeres en T1; n = 132 hombres, 266 mujeres en T2) de edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 29 años (M = 20.31, DT = 2.04 en T1; M = 23.66, DT = 2.08 en T2) que participaron en el Proyecto Transición a la Adultez en España (TAE). Los resultados indicaron que existe una asociación significativa y positiva entre florecimiento en T2 y las variables familiares (implicación parental y apoyo de la autonomía) analizadas en T1. Asimismo, los resultados indicaron que la implicación parental en los años iniciales de este periodo (T1) juega un rol predictor en el florecimiento de las personas adultas emergentes durante los años intermedios de la etapa (T2) y también predice el cambio en el florecimiento entre los dos tiempos analizados (T1 y T2). Finalmente, los resultados sugieren que los ingresos familiares y el apoyo de la autonomía en los años intermedios de la adultez emergente (T2) son variables predictoras del florecimiento de las personas adultas emergentes en esos mismos años (T2). El presente estudio presenta un trabajo longitudinal escasos en países como España. Nuestros resultados ofrecen un punto de partida acerca de cómo promocionar el florecimiento de las personas adultas emergentes y comprender las relaciones parento-filiales teniendo en cuenta el papel que desempeña la situación económica de las familias durante esta etapa de desarrollo en el territorio español

Human antigen R (HuR) is an RNA binding protein mainly involved in maintaining the stability and controlling the translation of mRNAs, critical for immune response, cell survival, proliferation and apoptosis. Although HuR is a nuclear protein, its mRNA translational-related function occurs at the cytoplasm, where the oligomeric form of HuR is more abundant. However, the regulation of nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of HuR and its connection with protein oligomerization remain unclear. In this work, we describe the phosphorylation of Tyr5 as a new hallmark for HuR activation. Our biophysical, structural and computational assays using phosphorylated and phosphomimetic HuR proteins demonstrate that phosphorylation of Tyr5 at the disordered N-end stretch induces global changes on HuR dynamics and conformation, modifying the solvent accessible surface of the HuR nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling (HNS) sequence and releasing regions implicated in HuR dimerization. These findings explain the preferential cytoplasmic accumulation of phosphorylated HuR in HeLa cells, aiding to comprehend the mechanisms underlying HuR nucleus-cytoplasm shuttling and its later dimerization, both of which are relevant in HuR-related pathogenesis.

The "time-and-band limiting" commutative property was found and exploited by D. Slepian, H. Landau and H. Pollak at Bell Labs in the 1960's, and independently by M. Mehta and later by C. Tracy and H. Widom in Random matrix theory. The property in question is the existence of local operators with simple spectrum that commute with naturally appearing global ones. Here we give a general result that insures the existence of a commuting differential operator for a given family of exceptional orthogonal polynomials satisfying the "bispectral property". As a main tool we go beyond bispectrality and make use of the notion of Fourier Algebras associated to the given sequence of exceptional polynomials. We illustrate this result with two examples, of Hermite and Laguerre type, exhibiting also a nice Perline's form for the commuting differential operator.

Water contamination in extensive aquatic resources is a pressing issue, especially during current drought conditions across the world. To adress this, a novel approach involving a heterogeneous sensing capabilities fleet of four autonomous surface vehicles is introduced for efficient contamination mapping. To reduce costs, vehicles may be equipped with low quality sensors meaning measurements reliability differs between vehicles and affects model accuracy. The diverse sensing capabilities are characterized by a wide range of sensor standard deviations, addressing the applicability of the framework in real-world scenarios with commercial sensors. This research leverages Gaussian Processes to accurately model spatial distribution of contamination, integrating measurements from the vehicles to understand contamination patterns comprehensively. Additionally, an informative path planning strategy is introduced based on a centralized neural network which implements a Double Deep Q-Learning algorithm, driving the decision-making process of all agents. Effective learning hinges on accurately defining the observation and reward functions, for which several proposals will be compared. These tailored definitions are essential for guiding the learning process, and minimizing the error towards the main goal: to obtain the best possible contamination model. Remarkably, the proposed system demonstrates superior performance in Ypacaraí Lake scenario, surpassing traditional heuristics like lawn mower or particle swarm optimization by up to 82% in reducing mean squared error in highly contaminated regions for several combinations of agents.

Primary mitochondrial diseases (PMDs) are associated with pediatric neurological disorders and are traditionally related to oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) defects in neurons. Interestingly, both PMD mouse models and patients with PMD show gliosis, and pharmacological depletion of microglia, the innate immune cells of the brain, ameliorates multiple symptoms in a mouse model. Given that microglia activation correlates with the expression of OXPHOS genes, we studied whether OXPHOS deficits in microglia may contribute to PMDs. We first observed that the metabolic rewiring associated with microglia stimulation in vitro (via IL-33 or TAU treatment) was partially changed by complex I (CI) inhibition (via rotenone treatment). In vivo, we generated a mouse model deficient for CI activity in microglia (MGcCI). MGcCI microglia showed metabolic rewiring and gradual transcriptional activation, which led to hypertrophy and dysfunction in juvenile (1-month-old) and adult (3-month-old) stages, respectively. MGcCI mice presented widespread reactive astrocytes, a decrease of synaptic markers accompanied by an increased number of parvalbumin neurons, a behavioral deficit characterized by prolonged periods of immobility, loss of weight and premature death that was partially rescued by pharmacologic depletion of microglia. Our data demonstrate that microglia development depends on mitochondrial CI and suggest a direct microglial contribution to PMDs.

The role of initial state (ISI) and final state (FSI) ion–ion interactions in heavy-ion doublecharge-exchange (DCE) reactions A(Z, N) → A(Z ± 2, N ∓ 2) are studied for double single-chargeexchange (DSCE) reactions given by sequential actions of the isovector nucleon–nucleon (NN) T-matrix. In momentum representation, the second-order DSCE reaction amplitude is shown to be given in factorized form by projectile and target nuclear matrix elements and a reaction kernel containing ISI and FSI. Expanding the intermediate propagator in a Taylor series with respect to auxiliary energy allows us to perform the summation in the leading-order term over intermediate nuclear states in closure approximation. The nuclear matrix element attains a form given by the products of two-body interactions directly exciting the n 2 p −2 and p 2n −2 DCE transitions in the projectile and the target nucleus, respectively. A surprising result is that the intermediate propagation induces correlations between the transition vertices, showing that DSCE reactions are a two-nucleon process that resembles a system of interacting spin–isospin dipoles. Transformation of the DSCE NN T-matrix interactions from the reaction theoretical t-channel form to the s-channel operator structure required for spectroscopic purposes is elaborated in detail, showing that, in general, a rich spectrum of spin scalar, spin vector and higher-rank spin tensor multipole transitions will contribute to a DSCE reaction. Similarities (and differences) to two-neutrino double-beta decay (DBD) are discussed. ISI/FSI distortion and absorption effects are illustrated in black sphere approximation and in an illustrative application to data.

Emerging adulthood is a particularly vulnerable period with higher rates of health-related symptoms and mental disorders. The main aim of the present study was to explore the depression, anxiety and stress levels in a sample of Spanish emerging adults from a longitudinal perspective and taking gender differences into account. The analysis was conducted at two different moments in 2015 (W1) and three years later in 2018 (W2). Participants were Spanish emerging adults (n = 132 men, 268 women at W1; n = 132 men, 266 women at W2) aged between 18 and 29 years (M = 20.31, SD = 2.04 at W1; M = 23.66, SD = 2.08 at W2) participated in the TAE (Transición a la Adultez en España) research project. The validated Spanish version of the DASS-21 was used to measure depression, anxiety and stress levels. Results indicated continuity (mean-level) and high stability (rank-order) in depression, anxiety and stress levels during the initial and intermediate years of emerging adulthood without gender moderation. Results also indicated that there are no differences in depression and anxiety between men and women in both W1 and W2 but women reported higher levels of stress than men specially at W2. The findings highlight that it is crucial to take steps to mitigate the internal symptoms suffered by emerging adults and, particularly, stress suffered by emerging adult women. In this sense, these findings underline that it is crucial that more comprehensive public services and policies are provided to support emerging adults with mental health concerns based on empirical knowledge.

Estos datos son recogidos durante la implementación del proyecto I+D+i “Formación del Potencial Emprendedor. Generación de un Modelo Educativo de Identidad Emprendedora (PEIEO)”, en la modalidad “Generación de Conocimiento” y financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (Agencia Estatal de Investigación con referencia PID2019-104408GB-I00). La investigación se ha centrado en el estudio del potencial emprendedor, comprendido como el conjunto de atributos y cualidades capaces de proporcionar alguna explicación de la relativa estabilidad de la identidad emprendedora. Así pues, planteamos cierta estructura de la identidad emprendedora. El proyecto se ha materializado en el diseño de un Modelo Educativo General de Identidad Emprendedora (MEGIE) y en el desarrollo de un programa formativo para el desarrollo del potencial emprendedor en adolescentes (PEIEO). La base de datos se ha creado siguiendo las orientaciones de un diseño de investigación experimental y descriptivo. Los datos se obtuvieron mediante un muestreo probabilístico estratificado. Las variables de estratificación fueron las siguientes: Comunidad Autónoma, el número de alumnos que están matriculados en ESO, Grados Medio y Superior de FP y Bachillerato, la titularidad del centro (privado/público/concertado) y el género.

Este trabajo presenta una metodología para la evaluación de los efectos de los caudales ecológicos en la alteración del hábitat y las garantías de las demandas agrarias, que es aplicada a uno de los sistemas de explotación de la Demarcación Hidrográfica del Duero: la cuenca del río Órbigo. La metodología está basada en la aplicación conjunta de un modelo de simulación de la gestión de cuencas (SIMGES, AQUATOOL) y un modelo de estimación de series temporales de hábitat (CAUDECO). Los resultados obtenidos indican que los caudales ecológicos pueden mejorar la idoneidad del hábitat en comparación con las condiciones naturales, que aumentos de los caudales ecológicos mejoran el hábitat potencial útil de algunas las especies de la cuenca, pero empeoran el de otras, y que aumentos de los caudales ecológicos de hasta un 30% no afectan al número de unidades de demanda agrarias que incumplen los criterios de garantía.

When shafts and gears are assembled with an interference fit, the tight connection between the two parts is achieved through deformation. To maximize the amount of torque the gear assembly can transmit, it becomes necessary to apply the maximum possible interference fit. However, this will cause areas of high stress in the gear root and deformations that adversely affect the contacting surfaces of the gears. In this work, the modified gear tooth surfaces that provide the desired meshing and contact conditions considering the deformations caused by the interference fit assembly will be established. For that, a finite element (FE) model will be developed to simulate gear-shaft interference fits by the finite element method. The FE model will comprise the entire gear along with the corresponding portion of the shaft, replicating the intended interference fit. Consequently, the model will enable the determination of the stresses at the root of the gear teeth as well as the deviations throughout the active gear tooth surfaces. With them, the deviated gear tooth surfaces will be reconstructed and virtually inspected by using IGD computer program. Thus, the deviations caused by the interference fit will be assessed and the needed modifications of the gear tooth surfaces established to have these deviations compensated. A numerical example of design and compensation of deviations caused by interference fit assembly is presented.

Los depósitos abandonados de residuos mineros consistentes en lodos de flotación procedentes de lavaderos de mineral suponen un problema medioambiental debido, sobre todo, a las concentraciones extremadamente altas de metales (por ejemplo, Zn, Pb, Mn) y metaloides (por ejemplo As) que contienen. A causa de la gran cantidad de depósitos abandonados que existen, es poco viable asumir los gastos y las dificultades técnicas de restaurar todos ellos por métodos como su retirada y transporte a vertedero o su encapsulado. Estas actuaciones deberían priorizarse cuando los depósitos entrañen un riesgo inaceptable por colapso y/o por su cercanía a poblaciones. El fitomanejo puede complementar otras opciones más costosas, ayudando a reducir el riesgo de que los depósitos sean una fuente de dispersión de elementos potencialmente peligrosos, al mejorar sus suelos, facilitar el crecimiento de plantas directamente sobre ellos y mejorar el ecosistema.

In this contribution, an electric field integral equation (EFIE) formulation is proposed, for the analysis of microwave circuits based on rectangular waveguides with an unlimited number of arbitrarily 3-D-shaped conducting elements. For this purpose, the Lorenz gauge rectangular waveguide Green’s functions are used. Moreover, the Ewald method has been employed to significantly speed up the evaluation of these rectangular waveguide Green’s functions. Strategies are also proposed to switch between different ways of calculating the Green’s functions depending on the source-observation distance along the propagation direction. In addition, the method of moments (MoM) has been applied to solve the EFIE. Following the application of this technique, the impedance matrix resulting from the MoM has been divided into dynamic and static parts, thus reducing the computational time required to obtain the frequency response of practical 3-D microwave circuits by up to a factor of 3 compared with the traditional formulation. On the other hand, a generic expression is derived to evaluate the multimode scattering parameters of rectangular waveguide circuits, independently on the mode used to excite the structure. The evaluation of the electromagnetic fields inside the rectangular waveguides has also been carried out. The proposed technique has been validated by comparison with results provided by commercial full-wave software, such as ANSYS HFSS and CST Studio Suite, showing good agreement and good numerical efficiency.

This paper addresses the problem of designing a supply chain (SC) according to sustainability aspects. It identifies a research gap where an optimisation model to address the location, inventory and transportation decision in a sustainable SC applied to a copper mining industry by complementarily using a simulation model to assess SC performance in different scenarios is needed. For this purpose, we propose a simulation model based on system dynamics (SD) to assess SC performance and to support decision making. The basis of the simulation model structure is a multi-objective mixed-integer linear programming model that aims to minimise total economic, emissions and social costs, and to also contemplate social impacts. We consider a real copper mining industry problem to illustrate this. We obtain a solution using a mathematical programming model and a simulation model. The optimisation results show improved SC performance in cost and emission reduction terms, and an improved social impact. The simulation model presents a near-optimal result and allows the possibility of anticipating adverse scenarios. Future research is oriented to other real-world applications, and to: consider alternative inventory policies; contemplate a stochastic approach; add new production and routing decisions; develop a hybrid multi-agent SD model.

En este trabajo se estudia el agua clara sobre un tamiz de efecto Coanda conformado con alambres en cuña de 2.4 mm de espesor, abertura de ranura de 1.0 mm, y 5º de ángulo de inclinación respecto al plano del tamiz, dispuestos perpendicularmente al flujo. Los experimentos se realizaron en un canal de 0.5 m de ancho con caudales entre 16.66 y 72.22 l/s/m. Las mediciones se comparan con simulaciones de dinámica de fluidos computacional realizadas con los programas FLOW-3D® y ANSYS CFX®, así como con la hoja de cálculo Coanda desarrollada por Wahl (2001, 2013, 2017), mostrando una concordancia razonablemente buena.

El trabajo que se presenta constituye una propuesta presentada a la convocatoria de proyectos de Transición Ecológica y Digital (TED) y que ha obtenido subvención para su realización (TED2021-130907B-I00). El objetivo es la renaturalización del barranco del Carraixet, a través de una gestión descentralizada de las aguas residuales que se generan en la cuenca. Para ello, se propone el diseño de humedales artificiales que permitan la mejora de los vertidos actuales al barranco, y que permiten el tratamiento in-situ de las aguas generadas en urbanizaciones alejadas de los núcleos urbanos. Esto permite reducir los alivios de DSU que se realizan sobre el cauce, generar nuevos puntos de humedad y por tanto de hábitat en este corredor ecológico, mejorar la calidad de las zonas húmedas ya existentes y reducir el coste energético del tratamiento y el aumento de la fijación de carbono tanto en los humedales como en el propio barranco.

The Central Balkans are a key biogeographical region in Southern Europe, influenced by a central European-Mediterranean climate, which acted as a refugium for flora and fauna, and favored the dispersion of Neanderthals and migration of modern human populations during Late Glacial Period. This study presents pollen analyses of sediment and hyaena coprolites from Pešturina Cave in Serbia to reconstruct the vegetation landscapes faced by Balkan Neanderthals and early Anatomically Modern Humans between MIS 5e-3. Between MIS 5e-5c (archaeological layers 4c and 4b) and MIS 5b-5a (layer 4a), semi-forested environments prevailed, characterized by Pinus, deciduous Quercus, Tilia and other angiosperm woody taxa, accompanied by heliophytes such as Artemisia and Poaceae. During MIS 4-3 (layers 3-2), the vegetation was dominated by Artemisia-Poaceae steppes with Quercus patches, conifers and legumes. Overall across the sequence, pollen assemblages are highly diverse and include a number of deciduous trees and sclerophylls. In addition, the occurrence of several herbaceous taxa reinforces the view that the Balkans were outstanding for endemicity. Neanderthals and early Upper Palaeolithic hominins lived in a highly diverse refugium, offering multiple opportunities for survival during the warm interstadials and, more critically, the cold stadials of the Pleistocene.

En el presente trabajo se plantea realizar un análisis comparativo del funcionamiento en el bombeo de un sondeo de una red de distribución de agua potable antes y después de las medidas correctoras planteadas tras la realización de medidas de eficiencia hidráulica y energética. En su situación inicial el agua llega al depósito de regulación mediante dos grupos (extracción y rebombeo) entre los que hay un depósito intermedio. Se realizó una auditoría energética de los dos grupos de bombeo registrando parámetros hidráulicos y eléctricos, y comparando los puntos de funcionamiento teóricos y reales. Tras las medidas correctoras se establece un bombeo directo al depósito de regulación, realizando una auditoría energética en la nueva situación. Tras las medidas correctoras, el gasto energético por unidad de volumen bombeado se redujo un 26%, además de eliminar el coste en concepto de energía reactiva.

An exact system of generation for face-milled hypoid gears with uniform depth taper is proposed. This system defines the location of pinion and wheel, their respective cutting (or grinding) cutters, and the relations of motion in their respective reference coordinate systems attached to the cutting machine. As a result, the grinding cutter geometric parameters and basic machine-tool settings are analytically determined without the need of any further optimization process. The appropriate selection of the mean cutter radius is addressed following the recommendations of the Information Sheet AGMA ISO 22849-A12. The tooth contact analysis of the gear drive shows a localized bearing contact with no unloaded transmission errors in the absence of misalignments. A lower sensitivity of the contact pattern to errors of alignment is observed as the mean cutter radius is decreased. Stress analysis shows that only the application of a tip relief is needed to avoid edge contacts at the tip of the gear tooth surfaces, being the point width of the cutting blades a key parameter to balance bending stresses in the pinion and the wheel.

En este trabajo de investigación se presenta un sistema de análisis indirecto y en tiempo real de la carga contaminante de las aguas residuales, mediante el uso de espectrofotometría LED en rango visible, que en combinación con 10 modelos basados en algoritmos genéticos, es capaz de caracterizar los siguientes contaminantes con alta precisión: DQO, SST, NT, NTK y N-NO3-, tanto en muestras de agua residual bruta como tratada, los cuales han sido calculados a parir de unas 430 muestras procedentes de 14 EDARs de la Región de Murcia gestionadas por la empresa ACCIONA. El equipo empleado forma parte de un sistema de alerta temprana, el cual ha sido probado en condicione reales de operación en la EDAR de Bullas, que operando de forma autónoma, permite conocer cómo varia la concentración de contaminantes en las distintas etapas de un EDAR, con el fin de poder llevar a cabo una gestión más eficiente de los proceso de depuración y contribuir a alcanzar una adecuada calidad de salida de las aguas regeneradas. La precisión de los modelos queda en evidencia con los bajos valores de RMSE, especialmente en el caso del agua tratada, destacando el RMSE de 2.43 mg/L de SST, 0.81 mg/L del NT, 0.86 mg/L de NTK y el 0.4 de N-NO3-.

Objective: While there is sufficient evidence of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy's effectiveness in allowing patients to deal with chronic pain, the effectiveness in cognitive fusion, one of the six core components of the Psychology Flexibility Model, has yet to be established. The aim of this article is to assess whether psychological interventions decrease cognitive fusion. Methods: The Web of Science, SCOPUS, Medline, and PsycINFO databases were searched for primary studies up to June 2024. Studies with a cognitive fusion measure in which chronic pain patients received a psychological intervention were included. A methodological quality scale was applied to the selected studies and the average effect sizes (Hedges g) were calculated. Results: This review included 18 articles with 24 studies (19 pre-post/follow-up studies and five randomized control trials). Cognitive fusion decreased significantly after the intervention. The effect sizes were small/medium at post-test, g = -0.39, p < .001, 95% CI [-0.52, -0.26]; and medium at long-term follow-up, g = -0.55, p < .001, 95% CI [−0.74, -0.36]. A similar tendency was found for studies with RCTs at post-test, g = -0.61, p = .006, 95% CI [−1.05, -0.17], short-term follow-up, g = -0.79, p < .001, 95% CI [−1.18, -0.40] and long-term follow-up, g = -0.58, p = .003, 95% CI [-0.95, -0.20]). Moderator variables such as unemployment, gender, pain intensity, level of depression before the intervention, and duration and intervention modality were identified. Conclusion: Psychological interventions tended to decrease cognitive fusion in chronic pain patients. Nonetheless, more clinical trials are needed to establish the role of cognitive fusion in psychological flexibility.

Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle reflex serves as a pre- cognitive marker of sensorimotor gating, and its deficit may predict cognitive impairments. Startle reflex is modulated by many factors. Among them, stress has been a topic of inter-est, but its effects on both pre- cognitive and cognitive variables continue to yield divergent results. This study aims to analyze the effect of acute stress on PPI of the startle reflex and cognitive function (working memory, attention, inhibition, and verbal fluency). Participants were exposed to the MAST stress induction protocol or a stress- neutral task: stress group (n= 54) or control group (n= 54). Following stress induction, participants' startle responses were recorded, and cognition was assessed. The results revealed that participants in the stress group exhibited greater startle magnitude, lower PPI, and lower scores in working memory tests compared with the control group. Additionally, a correlation was found between working memory and PPI across all the participants, independent of stress group. These findings support the notion that after stress, both greater startle magnitude and diminished PPI could play an adaptive role by allowing for increased process-ing of stimuli potentially dangerous and stress- related. Similarly, our results lend support to the hypothesis that lower PPI may be predictive of cognitive impair-ment. Considering the impact of stress on both pre- cognitive (PPI) and cognitive (working memory) variables, we discuss the possibility that the effect of stress on PPI occurs through motivational priming and emphasize the relevance of consid-ering stress in both basic and translational science.

The aim of this study was to analyze identity construction regarding caregiving amongst Senegalese women in diaspora, and to identify what challenges and negotiations they face in their caregiving practices. We conducted semistructured interviews with seven women of Senegalese origin who live in Andalusia, southern Spain. We conducted voice and I-position analysis, which highlighted power inequalities and was sensitive to the dynamic and dialogical acculturation process. The findings showed an identity reconstruction process from caregiving in the cultural context of their home country—where caregiving has a strong collectivist component with mutual support networks, especially in child raising and motherhood, as well as intergenerational respect and caregiving relationships—to a more individualistic host cultural context, where motherhood is more isolated and solitary. Diasporic Senegalese women have also lost their support networks and are overburdened by caregiving work, problems of conciliation between paid work and childcare needs, loss of social status as mothers and as adults, and racism. In such situations, their resilience strategies position them as responsible mothers, maintaining the values of their home culture and developing new strategies for searching information and support.

Deficiencies in the BRCA1 tumor suppressor gene are the main cause of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. BRCA1 is involved in the Homologous Recombination DNA repair pathway and, together with BARD1, forms a heterodimer with ubiquitin E3 activity. The relevance of the BRCA1/BARD1 ubiquitin E3 activity for tumor suppression and DNA repair remains controversial. Here, we observe that the BRCA1/BARD1 ubiquitin E3 activity is not required for Homologous Recombination or resistance to Olaparib. Using TULIP2 methodology, which enables the direct identification of E3-specific ubiquitination substrates, we identify substrates for BRCA1/BARD1. We find that PCNA is ubiquitinated by BRCA1/BARD1 in unperturbed conditions independently of RAD18. PCNA ubiquitination by BRCA1/BARD1 avoids the formation of ssDNA gaps during DNA replication and promotes continuous DNA synthesis. These results provide additional insight about the importance of BRCA1/BARD1 E3 activity in Homologous Recombination.

[EN] Background for the research: Premature birth and its associated complications are one of the biggest global health problems, since there is currently no effective screening method in clinical practice to accurately identify the true Preterm Birth (PTB) from the false threatened ones. Despite the high prevalence of PTB in multiple gestation (MG) women which amounted up to 60%, in the literature there is any work about their uterine myoelectric activities in vivo system. Electrohysterography (EHG) has been emerged as an alternative technique for predicting PTB in single gestation (SG) women. Purpose: The aim of this study was to characterize and compare the uterine myoelectrical activity in vivo system of SG and MG women in regular check-ups, to provide the basis for early detection and prevention of preterm labour in MG. Basic procedures: A prospective observational cohort study was conducted on 31 SG and 18 MG women between the 28(th) and 32(th) WoG who underwent regular check-ups in the Polytechnic and University Hospital La Fe (Valencia, Spain). The 30-minute bipolar recording was filtered in the 0.1-4 Hz bandwidth and downsampled to 20 Hz. Signal analysis was performed in 120-second moving windows with 50% overlap, after removing artefacts by a double- blind expert process. A set of 8 temporal, spectral and non-linear parameters were calculated: root mean square (RMS), kurtosis of the Hilbert envelope (KHE), median frequency (MDF), H/L ratio, and sample entropy (SampEn) and bubble entropy (BubbEn) calculated in the whole bandwidth (WBW) and the fast wave high (FWH). The 10th, 50th and 90th percentiles of all windows analysed were calculated to obtain representative values of the recordings. For each parameter and percentile, statistically significant differences between the SG and MG groups and their statistical power (SP) were analysed to determine both the existence of an effect and substantive significance, respectively. Main findings: In comparison to SG

[EN] The heart rate variability (HRV), which represents the time variation between consecutive heartbeats, has been presented as an indicator of how the cardiovascular and nervous systems respond to changing emotional states. A huge variety of affordable wearable devices has become available and provide the HRV with presumed accuracy. A few exploratory studies have investigated the reliability of these devices under different conditions, but their reliability under emotional stimulation is unknown. This study investigated the reliability, described by the similarity and agreement with a five-lead cardiac monitor, of a widely used low-cost chest strap to detect HRV responses in 29 subjects to emotionally valenced stimuli in short-term and ultra-short-term conditions. The HRV was recorded with both the chest strap and the cardiac monitor. The similarity between devices was evaluated based on the cross-correlation of the time series recorded by them and the statistical differences between the measures estimated from the recorded time-series of both devices. The agreement between measures from both devices was investigated with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman plots. Our results showed that the signals recorded by both devices were highly correlated and there were no significant discrepancies between the measures derived from both devices either under short-term or ultra-short-term conditions. Additionally, all time-, and frequency- and nonlinear measures demonstrated strong to excellent agreement. This evidence suggests that the low-cost chest strap can be a reliable alternative for estimating short-term and ultra-short-term HRV measures related to time, frequency, and also nonlinear measures.

[EN] In the last decade, among the emerging technologies in the area of bioplastics, additive manufacturing (AM), commonly referred to as 3D printing, stands out. This technology has gained great interest in the development of new products, mainly due to its capability to easily produce customized and low-cost plastic products. This work aims to evaluate the effect of supercritical foaming of 3D-printed parts based on a commercial PLA matrix loaded with calcium carbonate, for single-use sustainable food contact materials. 3D-printed PLA/CaCO3 parts were obtained by 3D printing with a 20% and 80% infill, and two infill patterns, rectilinear and triangular, were set for each of the infill percentages selected. Supercritical fluid foaming of PLA/CaCO3 composite printed parts was performed using a pressure of 25 MPa, a temperature of 130 degrees C for 23 min, with a fast depressurization rate (1 s). Closed-cell foams were achieved and the presence of CaCO3 did not influence the surface of the foams or the cell walls, and no agglomerations were observed. Foam samples with 80% infill showed subtle temperature fluctuations, and thermogravimetric analysis showed that samples were thermally stable up to similar to 300 degrees C, while the maximum degradation temperature was around 365 degrees C. Finally, tensile test analysis showed that for lower infill contents, the foams showed lower mechanical performance, while the 80% infill and triangular pattern produced foams with good mechanical performance. These results emphasize the interest in using the supercritical CO2 process to easily produce foams from 3D-printed parts. These materials represent a sustainable alternative for replacing non-biodegradable materials such as Expanded Polystyrene, and they are a promising option for use in many industrial applications, such as contact materials.

[EN] Somatic markers have been evidenced as determinant factors in human behavior. In particular, the concepts of somatic reward and punishment have been related to the decision-making process; both reward and somatic punishment represent bodily states with positive or negative sensations, respectively. In this research work, we have designed a mechanism to generate artificial somatic punishments in an autonomous system. An autonomous system is understood as a system capable of performing autonomous behavior and decision making. We incorporated this mechanism within a decision model oriented to support decision making on stock markets. Our model focuses on using artificial somatic punishments as a tool to guide the decisions of an autonomous system. To validate our proposal, we defined an experimental scenario using official data from Standard & Poor's 500 and the Dow Jones index, in which we evaluated the decisions made by the autonomous system based on artificial somatic punishments in a general investment process using 10,000 independent iterations. In the investment process, the autonomous system applied an active investment strategy combined with an artificial somatic index. The results show that this autonomous system presented a higher level of investment decision effectiveness, understood as the achievement of greater wealth over time, as measured by profitability, utility, and Sharpe Ratio indicators, relative to an industry benchmark.

[EN] Vapor pressure is a relevant quantity that is necessary in order to improve the study of the atmosphere dynamics that take place within astrophysical scenarios. The aim of this study was to obtain the vapor pressure values of the following molecules: C2H4, C2H6, CH3OH, CH4, CO, CO2, H2O, and N-2 through experimentation, as well as to determine their empirical relationship with the temperature, applying the results to the persistence of volatiles in trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) and Kuiper Belt objects (KBOs). The experimental determination was performed by measuring the sublimation rate for each molecule at different temperatures. The Hertz-Knudsen equation was used to obtain the vapor pressures for the aforementioned molecules, taking the necessary considerations into account, and the sublimation rate was measured using a quartz crystal microbalance. In order to check the validity of the methods used, the results obtained for water ice were compared with those of previous studies from the literature. The values obtained for CO, N-2, and CH4 are of particular interest in the study of the TNOs' and KBOs' atmosphere composition. The results of this study improve the understanding of the surface and atmospheric composition of objects in the cold scenarios of the solar system, in particular, in KBOs and TNOs.