188 results on '"Age -- Influence"'
Search Results
2. Reports Summarize Gastric Cancer Study Results from Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital (Surgeon age in relation to patients' long-term survival after gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma: nationwide population-based ...)
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Age -- Influence ,Adenocarcinoma -- Care and treatment -- Patient outcomes ,Stomach cancer -- Care and treatment -- Patient outcomes ,Gastrectomy -- Methods -- Patient outcomes ,Surgeons -- Physiological aspects -- Practice ,Health - Abstract
2024 MAY 18 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- Research findings on gastric cancer are discussed in a new report. According [...]
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- 2024
3. Does Relative Age Influence the Mechanisms That Foster Positive Youth Development Among Female Ice Hockey Players? A Qualitative Examination
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Chittle, Laura, Horton, Sean, and Dixon, Jess C.
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Professional development ,Age -- Influence ,Hockey players -- Physiological aspects ,Psychological development ,Women athletes -- Physiological aspects ,Psychology and mental health ,Sports and fitness - Abstract
The relative age effect (RAE) describes the physical and cognitive (dis)advantages experienced by athletes based upon when their birthdate falls relative to a pre-established cut-off date. Despite RAEs being present in a number of sports, few studies have explored how relative age influences the positive youth development (PYD) of athletes. This study examined the mechanisms that facilitate and hinder athletes' acquisition of PYD outcomes and whether these are influenced by relative age. A secondary objective included determining how athletes employed these skills in other contexts. Twenty competitive female ice hockey players were interviewed (mage = 17. 2 years). Thematic analyses revealed that all athletes, regardless of their relative age, developed a range of PYD outcomes in the personal, physical, and social domains, and have applied these skills in a variety of contexts outside of sport. Across relative younger and older athletes, three interrelated themes emerged and served as the overarching mechanisms that facilitated or hindered athletes' development of PYD outcomes: the social features of the sport environment, the structure of female travel/rep ice hockey, and negative ice hockey experiences. Our findings have implications for creating sport environments that foster PYD. Keywords: positive youth development; relative age effect; female ice hockey; negative developmental experiences; qualitative research, Within sport, it is common practice for athletes to be categorized by chronological age (Baker et al., 2010; Musch & Grondin, 2001) to ensure fairness in competition, age-appropriate instruction, and [...]
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- 2022
4. Age affects long COVID symptoms in children
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Rodriguez, Adrianna
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Age -- Influence ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
Byline: Adrianna Rodriguez, USA TODAY Rose Lehane Tureen is one busy teenager. The 16-year-old is class president, an Irish step dance champion, singer, cross-country runner and straight-A student at her [...]
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- 2024
5. Younger May Not Fare Better When It Comes to Leg Artery Disease
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Thompson, Dennis
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Peripheral vascular diseases -- Demographic aspects -- Care and treatment -- Patient outcomes ,Age -- Influence ,Health - Abstract
Byline: Dennis Thompson HealthDay Reporter TUESDAY, July 23, 2024 (HealthDay News) -- Middle-aged folks donâ[euro](tm)t necessarily fare better than seniors following urgent surgery to unclog arteries and restore blood flow [...]
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- 2024
6. Complutense University of Madrid Researcher Provides New Study Findings on Personalized Medicine (Impact of Age at Diagnosis on Clinicopathological Features, Prognosis, and Management of Gastric Cancer: A Retrospective Single-Center Experience ...)
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Age -- Influence ,Stomach cancer -- Diagnosis -- Prognosis -- Care and treatment ,Health - Abstract
2023 SEP 16 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- Investigators discuss new findings in personalized medicine. According to news reporting from [...]
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- 2023
7. Researchers from Kagoshima University Report Recent Findings in Atherosclerosis (Cutoff Values of Brachial-ankle Pulse Wave Velocity for Atherosclerotic Risks By Age and Sex In the Japanese General Population)
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Age -- Influence ,Sex (Biology) -- Influence ,Atherosclerosis -- Risk factors -- Development and progression ,Health - Abstract
2023 JUN 10 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- Investigators discuss new findings in Cardiovascular Diseases and Conditions - Atherosclerosis. According [...]
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- 2023
8. Studies from Columbia University in the Area of Genomics and Genetics Described (Effect of Age and Sex On Gene Expression-based Radiation Biodosimetry Using Mouse Peripheral Blood)
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Gene expression -- Analysis ,Age -- Influence ,Sex (Biology) -- Influence ,Health - Abstract
2023 MAY 6 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- New research on Genomics and Genetics is the subject of a report. [...]
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- 2023
9. New Biological Anthropology Study Findings Have Been Reported by Researchers at Duke University (Ecology and Age, but Not Genetic Ancestry, Predict Fetal Loss In a Wild Baboon Hybrid Zone)
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Baboons -- Physiological aspects -- Demographic aspects ,Fetal death -- Risk factors ,Pregnancy -- Complications and side effects ,Age -- Influence ,Ecology -- Influence ,Health - Abstract
2023 FEB 25 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- Investigators discuss new findings in Science - Biological Anthropology. According to news [...]
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- 2023
10. Ray Ruschel is not your average college football player -- he's 49
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Age -- Influence ,Football (College) ,Football players -- Beliefs, opinions and attitudes -- Physiological aspects ,General interest - Abstract
To listen to this broadcast, click here: http://www.npr.org/templates/transcript/transcript.php?storyId=1127400856 HOST: A MARTINEZ A MARTINEZ: Good morning. I'm A Martinez. Ray Ruschel is not your average college football player because at the [...]
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- 2022
11. Age isn't a concern for the Penguins, but it is a consideration
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Age -- Influence ,Hockey players -- Beliefs, opinions and attitudes -- Health aspects ,Professional hockey -- Competitions ,General interest ,News, opinion and commentary ,Pittsburgh Penguins -- Competitions - Abstract
Byline: Seth Rorabaugh Oct. 12Sidney Crosby is a history geek. He is fascinated by the subject, especially when it comes to the military. Recently, he watched 'Hyena Road,' a dramatic [...]
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- 2022
12. Rover, Too, May End Up Struggling With Dementia
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Hoffman, Jan
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Exercise -- Influence ,Age -- Influence ,Dogs -- Observations ,Cognition disorders -- Risk factors ,General interest ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
The risk of canine cognitive dysfunction, a.k.a. ''doggy dementia,'' is far greater in dogs who don't get enough exercise, researchers found. Their risk factors echo some in humans, whose homes [...]
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- 2022
13. Where Age Is Just a (Depreciating) Number
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Smith, Rory
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Soccer teams -- Evaluation -- Recruiting ,Soccer players -- Evaluation -- Recruiting ,Age -- Influence ,Industry hiring ,General interest ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
Top clubs have long looked to shed players once they hit age 30. But those presumptions rely on outdated logic, statistics show. LONDON -- The exact location of the threshold [...]
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- 2022
14. If You Think Those College Players Are Older, It's Because They Are
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Tumin, Remy
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Epidemics -- Social aspects -- United States ,Age -- Influence ,Basketball (College) -- Forecasts and trends ,Basketball players -- Forecasts and trends ,Market trend/market analysis ,General interest ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
A number of the most successful teams in the 2022 tournaments feature athletes who are older than their N.B.A. counterparts. If this year's N.C.A.A. basketball tournaments look a little bigger [...]
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- 2022
15. Whatever taboo there was on discussing Biden's age has been lifted as his approval numbers have continued to sink into the 30s
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Age -- Influence ,Political science - Abstract
Whatever taboo there was on discussing Biden's age has been lifted as his approval numbers have continued to sink into the 30s. In a brutal couple of days of coverage, [...]
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- 2022
16. Black Americans should face lower age cutoffs to qualify for a vaccine
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Blackstock, Oni and Blackstock, Uché
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Vaccination -- Forecasts and trends ,Age -- Influence ,Health care disparities -- Forecasts and trends ,African Americans -- Health aspects ,Market trend/market analysis ,Company distribution practices ,General interest ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
Byline: Oni Blackstock and Uché Blackstock For Print Use Only. In the 1970s, epidemiologist Sherman James described the phenomenon of 'John Henryism,' whereby Black Americans must invest immense effort to [...]
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- 2021
17. Does age matter?
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Abdel-Moneim, Mohamed Alaa and Simon, Rita J.
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Age -- Influence ,Public opinion -- Analysis ,Social problems ,Social sciences - Abstract
How does age influence public opinion regarding controversial social issues? The issues at stake are: attitudes toward Muslims, Jews, Affirmative Action, immigration, abortion, and gays and lesbians. While we understand the importance of including opinions toward African-Americans among these categories, we found little data on opinions toward this group by age. We also discuss opinions toward Darwin's theory of evolution and stem cell research since they were issues that pitted science against religion in American society and were important topics of intense political discussion. The selection of issues is based on the importance of these issues in public debate and electoral politics. A number of these issues, mainly those related to opinions toward religious and racial groups, reflect the development of American society and draw lines of possible disagreements and social cleavages. Keywords Public opinion * United States * Gender, Our purpose is to draw attention to the important factor of age in shaping public attitudes. We aim to explore issues where age makes a clear difference, issues where it [...]
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- 2011
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18. Does alcohol craving decrease with increasing age? Results from a cross-sectional study
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Hintzen, Annelie K., Cramer, Julia, Karagulle, Deniz, Heberlein, Annemarie, Frieling, Helge, Kornhuber, Johannes, Bleich, Stefan, and Hillemacher, Thomas
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Age -- Influence ,Alcoholics -- Demographic aspects ,Health ,Psychology and mental health - Abstract
Objective: Long-term studies on patients with impulsive behavior have shown a decrease of symptoms with increasing age. Alcohol craving has many analogies in psychopathology with obsessive-compulsive behavior patterns. The aim of the present study was to find evidence of a possible decrease of craving in elderly alcohol-dependent patients. Method: One hundred ninety-eight alcohol-dependent patients at the beginning of alcohol withdrawal therapy were included in this study. The extent of craving was measured using the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale on the day of hospital admission before starting the detoxification regime and 1 week after admission. Results: Linear regression analysis showed a significant negative association between craving and age after 1 week of treatment (no association at admission). T test for independent samples confirmed lower obsessive-compulsive craving in older patients. Conclusions: The lack of association between craving and age at the beginning of the detoxification can be explained by the influence of other different (e.g., neurobiological) parameters during acute withdrawal. At the end of the physical detoxification after 1 week of treatment, a significant negative association between patient's age and Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale score occurred, which points to a decrease of alcohol craving in later years. Alterations in endocrinological functions or in mesolimbic neurotransmission are discussed as possible reasons for this finding. (J Stud Alcohol Drugs, 72, 158-162, 2011), ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE IS A COMMON psychiatric disease in the elderly, and it has been estimated that up to 50% of all persons age 60 years and older exhibit harmful alcohol [...]
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- 2011
19. New Research on Aging Neuroscience from Institute of Psychology Summarized (The Effect of Trustor Age and Trustee Age on Trustworthiness Judgments: An Event-Related Potential Study)
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Personality -- Demographic aspects -- Physiological aspects ,Age -- Influence ,Interpersonal relations -- Demographic aspects -- Physiological aspects ,Trust (Psychology) -- Demographic aspects -- Physiological aspects ,Biological sciences ,Health - Abstract
2022 MAR 22 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Life Science Weekly -- A new study on aging neuroscience is now available. According to news originating from [...]
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- 2022
20. Physical activity as a moderator of the relationship between aging and inductive reasoning
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Perrot, Alexandra, Gagnon, Christine, and Bertsch, Jean
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Inductive reasoning -- Demographic aspects ,Age -- Influence ,Cognition -- Demographic aspects ,Exercise -- Health aspects ,Exercise -- Psychological aspects - Published
- 2009
21. An age-related homeostasis mechanism is essential for spontaneous amelioration of hemophilia B Leyden
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Kurachi, Sumiko, Huo, Jeffrey S., Ameri, Afshin, Zhang, Kezhong, Yoshizawa, Akiyasu C., and Kurachi, Kotoku
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Homeostasis -- Research ,Age -- Influence ,Healing -- Genetic aspects ,Hemophilia B -- Development and progression ,Hemophilia B -- Genetic aspects ,Science and technology - Abstract
Regulation of age-related changes in gene expression underlies many diseases. We previously discovered the first puberty-onset gene switch, the age-related stability element (ASE)/age-related increase element (AIE)-mediated genetic mechanism for age-related gene regulation. Here, we report that this mechanism underlies the mysterious puberty-onset amelioration of abnormal bleeding seen in hemophilia B Leyden. Transgenic mice robustly mimicking the Leyden phenotype were constructed. Analysis of these animals indicated that ASE plays a central role in the puberty-onset amelioration of the disease. Human factor IX expression in these animals was reproducibly nullified by hypophysectomy, but nearly fully restored by administration of growth hormone, being consistent with the observed sex-independent recovery of factor IX expression. Ets1 was identified as the specific liver nuclear protein binding only to the functional ASE, G/CAGGAAG, and not to other Ets consensus elements. This study demonstrates the clinical relevance of the first discovered puberty-onset gene switch, the ASE/AIE-mediated regulatory mechanism. factor IX | growth hormone | sex hormone | puberty | gene switch
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- 2009
22. Suicide notes in Hong Kong in 2000
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Wong, Paul W.C., Yeung, April W.M., Chan, Wincy S.C., Yip, Paul S.F., and Tang, Arthur K.H.
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Suicide -- Risk factors ,Suicide -- Psychological aspects ,Age -- Influence ,Letters -- Psychological aspects ,Suicidal behavior -- Research ,Psychology and mental health ,Sociology and social work - Abstract
Suicide notes have been regarded as one of the most informative data sources to understand the reasons why people commit suicide. However, there is a paucity of suicide note studies, leaving researchers with an assumption that this phenomenon remains static over time. This study examines this assumption by comparing the characteristics of note-leavers of the same population at 2 different points in time. The authors investigated the characteristics of 316 note-leavers in 2000 in Hong Kong and compared them to note-leavers in 1992. The proportion of people who left suicide notes increased from 20% to 35% between 1992 and 2000, a change that may be related to changes in suicide methods. Note-leavers in 2000 were characterized as individuals aged 25-59 years old, employed, with no physical illness, no psychiatric illness, and died as a result of charcoal-burning. Present data suggest that reasons for leaving suicide notes may have changed over the 8 years from 1992 to 2000.
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- 2009
23. Prey behavior, age-dependent vulnerability, and predation rates
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Lingle, Susan, Feldman, Alex, Boyce, Mark S., and Wilson, W. Finbarr
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Coyotes -- Behavior ,Deer -- Behavior ,Age -- Influence ,Predation (Biology) -- Evaluation ,Biological sciences ,Earth sciences - Published
- 2008
24. Age-specific incidence of cancer: phases, transitions, and biological implications
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Meza, Rafael, Jeon, Jihyoun, Moolgavkar, Suresh H., and Luebeck, E. Georg
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Age -- Health aspects ,Age -- Influence ,Colorectal cancer -- Development and progression ,Colorectal cancer -- Diagnosis ,Pancreatic cancer -- Development and progression ,Pancreatic cancer -- Diagnosis ,Science and technology - Abstract
The observation that the age-specific incidence curve of many carcinomas is approximately linear on a double logarithmic plot has led to much speculation regarding the number and nature of the critical events involved in carcinogenesis. By a consideration of colorectal and pancreatic cancers in the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registry we show that the log-log model provides a poor description of the data, and that a much better description is provided by a multistage model that predicts two basic phases in the age-specific incidence curves, a first exponential phase until the age of [approximately equal to]60 followed by a linear phase after that age. These two phases in the incidence curve reflect two phases in the process of carcinogenesis. Paradoxically, the early-exponential phase reflects events between the formation (initiation) of premalignant clones in a tissue and the clinical detection of a malignant tumor, whereas the linear phase reflects events leading to initiated cells that give rise to premalignant lesions because of abrogated growth/differentiation control. This model is consistent with Knudson's idea that renewal tissue, such as the colon, is converted into growing tissue before malignant transformation. The linear phase of the age-specific incidence curve represents this conversion, which is the result of recessive inactivation of a gatekeeper gene, such as the APC gene in the colon and the CDKN2A gene in the pancreas. colorectal | pancreatic | multistage carcinogenesis | neoplastic progression Knudson's 'two-hit' hypothesis
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- 2008
25. Effects of specimen age on plumage color/Efectos de la Edad de los Especimenes sobre el Color del Plumaje
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Armenta, Jessica K., Dunn, Peter O., and Whittingham, Linda A.
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Birds -- Analysis ,Museums -- Analysis ,Feathers -- Properties ,Age -- Influence ,Zoological specimens -- Properties ,Biological sciences - Abstract
Museum specimens are valuable for studies of plumage color in birds, but feather color may fade over time and not accurately reflect the colors of live birds. In particular, it has been suggested that ultraviolet (UV) color may be more susceptible to degradation than human-visible colors. We used a reflectance spectrophotometer to measure feather color in five species of passerines for which museum specimens were collected consistently over the past 100 years. We found that the feather colors of museum specimens collected within the past 50 years were related closely to the feather colors of live birds. In fact, over a wide range of different colors, we found little change in color measurements for recent ( Key words: color, fading, museum specimens, reflectance spectrometry, ultraviolet. Los especimenes de museo son valiosos para estudiar el color del plumaje en las aves, pero el color de las plumas podria perderse a lo largo del tiempo y no reflejar los colores de las aves vivas. Especificamente, se ha sugerido que el color ultravioleta (UV) podria ser mas susceptible a degradarse que los colores visibles por los humanos. En este estudio, empleamos un espectrofotometro de reflectancia para medir el color de las plumas en cuatro especies de aves paserinas para las cuales se habian coleccionado especimenes constantemente durante los ultimos 100 anos. Encontramos que los colores de las plumas de los especimenes de museo coleccionados en los ultimos 50 anos se relacionaron cercanamente con los colores de las plumas de aves vivas. De hecho, a traves de un amplio espectro de colores, encontramos pocos cambios en las medidas de color para especimenes recientes (coleccionados hace menos de 50 anos). Ademas, el color UV no fue afectado mas severamente que los colores visibles a los humanos al limitar nuestros analisis a especimenes recientes. Estos resultados apoyan fuertemente el uso continuado de especimenes de museo para examinar la coloracion de las aves si los especimenes han sido coleccionados en tiempos relativamente recientes.
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- 2008
26. Effect of age and breeding status on molt phenology of adult African penguins (Spheniscus demersus) in Namibia/Efectos de la Edad y del Estatus Reproductivo sobre la Fenologia de la Muda de Adultos de Spheniscus demersus en Namibia
- Author
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Kemper, Jessica, Roux, Jean-Paul, and Underhill, Les G.
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Molting -- Research ,Phenology -- Research ,Penguins -- Physiological aspects ,Age -- Influence ,Sexual cycle -- Evaluation ,Biological sciences - Abstract
We analyzed the seasonality of molt of African Penguins (Spheniscus demersus) in adult plumage and used information derived from banded individuals to examine the relationship between age, breeding status, and timing of molt in Namibia. Molt seasonality was bimodal, with a major molt peak in the austral autumn and a minor peak in midsummer. African Penguins younger than four years--and, therefore, unlikely to be sexually mature--molted in early January, at the same time as juvenile African Penguins. Birds aged between four and six years molted either in summer or autumn and were likely to be individuals making the transition from nonbreeder to breeder. African Penguins older than six years, considered to be breeders, molted, on average, in early May. Most birds that had been recorded breeding within 12 months of molt molted between March and May. Summer breeding in Namibia appears to force breeders to delay molt until autumn. There was individual variation in molt seasonality that we could not explain by age alone. Estimates of the proportion of potential breeders in the population derived from molt phenology and from the molt histories of banded, known-age individuals were likely to be underestimates and suggested that some adults of breeding age defer breeding. Key words: African Penguin, age, breeding activity, demography, molt, seabird, seasonality, Spheniscus demersus. Analizamos la estacionalidad de la muda de los plumajes adultos en Spheniscus demersus y usamos informacion derivada de individuos anillados para examinar la relacion entre la edad, el estatus reproductivo y el momento en que tiene lugar la muda en Namibia. La estacionalidad de la muda fue bimodal, con un gran pico en el otono austral y un pico menor a mediados del verano. Los individuos de S. demersus de menos de cuatro anos de edad --y, por lo tanto, con poca probabilidad de estar sexualmente maduros--mudaron a principios de enero, al mismo tiempo que los juveniles. Las aves con edades de entre cuatro y seis anos mudaron ya sea en verano u otono, y en general fueron individuos en la transicion de no reproductivos a reproductivos. Los individuos de mas de seis anos de edad, considerados como reproductivos, mudaron en promedio a principios de mayo. La mayoria de las aves que se habian registrado criando a menos de 12 meses de la muda, mudaron entre marzo y mayo. La cria de verano en Namibia parece forzar a las aves reproductivas a demorar la muda hasta el otono. Hubo variacion entre los individuos en la estacionalidad de la muda que no pudimos explicar considerando solo la edad. Las estimaciones de la proporcion de aves reproductivas potenciales en la poblacion, calculadas a partir de la fenologia de la muda y de las historias de muda de individuos anillados de edades conocidas, fueron probablemente subestimadas y sugirieron que algunos adultos en edad reproductiva aplazaron la reproduccion.
- Published
- 2008
27. Diurnal behavior of dusky dolphins, Lagenorhynchus obscurus, in Golfo Nuevo, Argentina
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Degrati, Mariana, Dans, Silvana L., Pedraza, Susana N., Crespo, Enrique A., and Garaffo, Griselda V.
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Delphinidae -- Behavior ,Dolphins -- Behavior ,Circadian rhythms -- Research ,Seasons -- Influence ,Age -- Influence ,Zoology and wildlife conservation - Abstract
Standardized measures of behavior can be powerful tools for predicting effects of human activities on natural populations of mammals. We quantified the diurnal activity budget of dusky dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obscurus) in Golfo Nuevo, Argentina, by examining variation in activity as a function of season and age composition of social groups. Observations were made from a research vessel during summer and autumn from 2001 to 2005. Focal group-follow methodology was used. The predominant activity in each social group was recorded using instantaneous sampling, with a 2-min interscan interval. The main daytime activity of dusky dolphins was traveling, followed by milling and feeding. Mother and calf pairs spent more time milling and resting, whereas larger groups of adults and juveniles as well as mixed-age-class groups spent more time traveling and feeding. Although a seasonal pattern of variation in group size and composition was found, little seasonal variation was found in activity budgets, which were almost constant during daylight hours. The activity budget generated by this study provides a baseline for detection of behavioral differences associated with tourism and other human activity in the region. Key words: activity patterns, dusky dolphins, Lagenorhynchus obscurus, Patagonia
- Published
- 2008
28. The impact of baseline diameter on flow-mediated dilation differs in young and older humans
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Thijssen, Dick H.J., van Bemmel, Marieke M., Bullens, Lauren M., Dawson, Ellen A., Hopkins, Nicola D., Tinken, Toni M., Black, Mark A., Hopman, Maria T.E., Cable, N. Timothy, and Green, Daniel J.
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Brachial artery -- Properties ,Age -- Influence ,Cardiovascular system -- Research ,Blood vessels -- Dilatation ,Blood vessels -- Evaluation ,Biological sciences - Abstract
Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) has become a commonly applied approach for the assessment of vascular function and health, but methods used to calculate FMD differ between studies. For example, the baseline diameter used as a benchmark is sometimes assessed before cuff inflation, whereas others use the diameter during cuff inflation. Therefore, we compared the brachial artery diameter before and during cuff inflation and calculated the resulting FMD in healthy children (n = 45; 10 [+ or -] 1 yr), adults (n = 31; 28 [+ or -] 6 yr), and older subjects (n = 22; 58 [+ or -] 5 yr). Brachial artery FMD was examined after 5 min of distal ischemia. Diameter was determined from either 30 s before cuff inflation or from the last 30 s during cuff inflation. Edge detection and wall tracking of high resolution B-mode arterial ultrasound images was used to calculate conduit artery diameter. Brachial artery diameter during cuff inflation was significantly larger than before inflation in children (P = 0.02) and adults (P < 0.001) but not in older subjects (P = 0.59). Accordingly, FMD values significantly differed in children (11.2 [+ or -] 5.1% vs. 9.4 [+ or -] 5.2%; P = 0.02) and adults (7.3 [+ or -] 3.2% vs. 4.6 [+ or -] 3.3%; P < 0.001) but not in older subjects (6.3 [+ or -]3.4% vs. 6.0 [+ or -] 4.2%; P = 0.77). When the diameter before cuff inflation was used, an age-dependent decline was evident in FMD, whereas FMD calculated using the diameter during inflation was associated with higher FMD values in older than younger adults. In summary, the inflation of the cuff significantly increases brachial artery diameter, which results in a lower FMD response. This effect was found to be age dependent, which emphasizes the importance of using appropriate methodology to calculate the FMD. methodology
- Published
- 2008
29. How predictors of prescription drug abuse vary by age
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Arkes, Jeremy and Iguchi, Martin Y.
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Medication abuse -- Demographic aspects ,Age -- Influence ,Law ,Psychology and mental health ,Sociology and social work - Abstract
Previous studies that have identified the predictors of prescription drug abuse have either focused on a specific age group or pooled all age groups together into one sample. This approach constrains the predictors to have the same effect across age groups. In this study, we use the 2001 to 2003 National Survey on Drug Use and Health to estimate separate models across five age groups for the past year nonmedical use of prescription drugs. The results indicate that several factors (e.g., gender, race/ethnicity, marital status, other substance use) have quite different correlations with prescription drug abuse across age groups. This suggests that more accurate profiles of prescription drug abusers can be obtained by estimating separate models for different age groups.
- Published
- 2008
30. Age does not hamper the response to pulmonary rehabilitation of COPD patients
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Di Meo, Francesco, Pedone, Claudio, Lubich, Sergio, Pizzoli, Carlo, Traballesi, Marco, and Incalzi, Raffaele Antonelli
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Aged -- Psychological aspects ,Aged -- Care and treatment ,Age -- Influence ,Lung diseases, Obstructive -- Care and treatment ,Lung diseases, Obstructive -- Diagnosis ,Health ,Psychology and mental health ,Seniors ,Social sciences - Published
- 2008
31. Age-trend-related differences in tasks involving conjunctive probabilistic reasoning
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Chiesi, Francesca, Gronchi, Giorgio, and Primi, Caterina
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Reasoning -- Demographic aspects ,Developmental psychology -- Research ,Age -- Influence ,Conjunction fallacy -- Research ,Psychology and mental health - Abstract
Conjunctive probabilistic reasoning has been studied at different ages to ascertain whether the conjunction fallacy is due to a task demand misinterpretation. Such a misinterpretation might occur because a task that requires a comparison between a superordinate class A and a subordinate class A&B is mistakenly interpreted as requiring a comparison between the two complementary subordinate classes of A (i.e., A&B and A¬B). Children (7- and 10-year-olds) and adults were required to make conjunctive probability judgments about problems for which explicit objective probabilities were provided. The total number of A items was kept constant and the frequencies of the A&B and of the A¬B items varied across problems. When the number of A&B items was smaller than the number of A¬B items, the frequency of congruent responses increased with age. When the number of A&B items was greater or equal to that of the A¬B items, the frequency of correct answers decreased. Keywords: development of reasoning, probabilistic reasoning, conjunction fallacy Le raisonnement probabiliste conjonctif a ete examine a differents ages afin de verifier si l'erreur de conjonction est due a une mesinterpretation des demandes de la tache. Une telle mesinterpretation pourrait se produire parce qu'une tache exigeant une comparaison entre une classe superordonnee A et une classe subalterne A et B est faussement interpretee comme requerant une comparaison entre les deux classes subalternes (c.-a-d., A et B et A et nonB). Des enfants (ages de 7 a 10 ans) et des adultes devaient faire des jugements de probabilite conjonctive a propos de problemes pour lesquels des probabilites objectives explicites etaient donnees. Les resultats ont revele que le nombre total d'articles A est garde constant et les frequences des articles A et B, tout comme celles des articles A et nonB, varient selon les problemes. Quand le nombre d'articles A et B est inferieur au nombre d'articles A et nonB, la frequence de reponses correctes augmente avec l'age. Quand le nombre d'articles A et B est superieur ou egal au nombre d'articles A et nonB, la frequence des reponses correctes diminue. Mots-cles : developpement du raisonnement, raisonnement probabiliste, erreur de conjonction
- Published
- 2008
32. Effects of sex and age on winter diet of American martens in Michigan
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Hales, Andrea L., Belant, Jerrold L., and Bird, Jacqueline
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Age -- Influence ,Animal feeding behavior -- Demographic aspects ,Dimorphism (Biology) -- Influence ,Education ,Engineering and manufacturing industries ,Science and technology - Abstract
ABSTRACT. We investigated whether sex or age influenced winter diet in American martens (Martes americana) from the Upper Peninsula of Michigan by analyzing gut content of 151 individuals trapped during [...]
- Published
- 2008
33. Signaler and receiver ages do not affect responses to Richardson's ground squirrel alarm calls
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Swan, David C. and Hare, James F.
- Subjects
Ground squirrels -- Behavior ,Alarm signaling (Animal communication) -- Demographic aspects ,Age -- Influence ,Alarm reaction -- Research ,Zoology and wildlife conservation - Abstract
Alarm calls alert receivers to the presence and/or nature of a predatory threat. Studies of alarm communication in Richardson's ground squirrels (Spermophilus richardsonii) have focused on juvenile signalers and receivers; however, adult and juvenile receivers may tailor their response to alarm calls based on different underlying signal parameters and attend differentially to alarm calls broadcast by adult versus juvenile signalers. To examine the potential influence of signaler and receiver age on the perception of response urgency, we presented free-living juvenile and adult S. richardsonii with alarm calls produced by juveniles and adults. Behavioral responses of call recipients were videotaped and analyzed to determine the influence of signaler and receiver age-class. No differences in vigilance response after juvenile- and adult-produced calls were detected for either adult or juvenile receivers. At the proximate level, the absence of any detectable difference in the acoustic attributes of juvenileversus adult-produced calls may account for the lack of differential response. The absence of any age-dependent productional difference also is consistent with the recently advanced notion of young concealing information regarding their age in their alarm signals. Key words: alarm communication, receiver age, Richardson's ground squirrels, signaler age, Spermophilus richardsonii
- Published
- 2008
34. Effects of age on thermoregulatory responses during cold exposure in a nonhuman primate, Microcebus murinus
- Author
-
Terrien, J., Zizzari, P., Bluet-Pajot, M.-T., Henry, P.-Y., Perret, M., Epelbaum, J., and Aujard, F.
- Subjects
Veterinary physiology -- Research ,Age -- Influence ,Insulin-like growth factors -- Properties ,Body temperature -- Regulation ,Body temperature -- Evaluation ,Biological sciences - Abstract
Cold resistance appears altered with aging. Among existing hypotheses, the impaired capacity in response to cold could be related to an altered regulation of plasma IGF-1 concentration. The combined effects of age and cold exposure were studied in a short-living primate, the gray mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus), which adjusts its energy balance using a daily torpor phase, to avoid high energy cost of normothermia maintenance. Changes in body mass, core temperature, locomotor activity, and caloric intake were monitored under 9-day exposures to 25[degrees]C and 12[degrees]C in captive animals in winter conditions. Short-term (after 2 days) and long-term (after 9 days) cold-induced changes in IGF-1 levels were also evaluated. In thermoneutral conditions (25[degrees]C), general characteristics of the daily rhythm of core temperature were preserved with age. At 12[degrees]C, age-related changes were mainly characterized by a deeper hypothermia and an increased frequency of torpor phases, associated with a loss of body mass. A short-term cold-induced decrease in plasma IGF-1 levels was observed. IGF-1 levels returned to basal values after 9 days of cold exposure. No significant effect of age could be evidenced on IGF-1 response. However, IGF-1 levels of cold-exposed aged animals were negatively correlated with the frequency of daily torpor. Responses exhibited by aged mouse lemurs exposed to cold revealed difficulties in the maintenance of normothermia and energy balance and might involve modulations of IGF-1 levels. autonomic thermoregulation; cold exposure; insulin-like growth factor; aging; Microcebus murinus
- Published
- 2008
35. Jewish and non-Jewish World War II child and adolescent survivors at 60 years after war: effects of parental loss and age at exposure on well-being
- Author
-
Lis-Turlejska, Maja, Plichta, Anna, Luszczynska, Aleksandra, and Benight, Charles C.
- Subjects
World War II, 1939-1945 -- Influence ,Holocaust, 1933-1945 -- Influence ,Children and war -- Research ,Jewish children -- Psychological aspects ,Jewish children -- Health aspects ,Jewish children -- Social aspects ,Bereavement in children -- Research ,Post-traumatic stress disorder -- Demographic aspects ,Depression in children -- Research ,Social isolation -- Demographic aspects ,Psychic trauma in children -- Influence ,Age -- Influence ,Health ,Psychology and mental health - Abstract
The study investigated the effects of World War II (WWII) on psychological and social functioning of Jewish and non-Jewish survivors 60 years after the war. The authors hypothesized that the level of posttraumatic symptoms, depression, and social isolation of survivors who were at least 5 years old (but younger than 18) in the last year of WWII would be predicted by the extent of traumatic loss, (i.e., death of parent[s]) and age at the end of WWII. Data were collected from 211 individuals living in Poland, ages 66-80; 30% were Jewish Holocaust survivors. Current posttraumatic stress disorder was almost 2 times higher for Jewish (55.6%) than for non-Jewish survivors (30.9%), whereas no differences were found for depression and social isolation. Parental loss during the war predicted a global decrement of well-being (across measured outcome indices). For certain subgroups (e.g., Jewish survivors who had not lost their parents during WWII), war trauma may have less profound effects if most of the trauma exposure occurred during an earlier age (i.e., Keywords: child war survivor, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Holocaust, parental loss, social isolation
- Published
- 2008
36. Does war beget child aggression? Military violence, gender, age and aggressive behavior in two Palestinian samples
- Author
-
Qouta, Samir, Punamaki, Raija-Leena, Miller, Thomas, and El-Sarraj, Eyad
- Subjects
War -- Influence ,Aggressiveness (Psychology) in children -- Demographic aspects ,Age -- Influence ,Sex differences (Psychology) -- Influence ,Psychic trauma -- Influence ,Armed Forces -- Influence ,Health ,Psychology and mental health ,Sociology and social work - Published
- 2008
37. Social inequalities in happiness in the United States, 1972 to 2004: an age-period-cohort analysis
- Author
-
Yang, Yang
- Subjects
Equality -- Social aspects ,Happiness -- Demographic aspects ,Cohort analysis -- Methods ,Age -- Influence ,Sex (Biology) -- Influence ,Race -- Influence ,Sociology and social work - Abstract
This study conducts a systematic age, period, and cohort analysis that provides new evidence of the dynamics of and heterogeneity in, subjective well-being across the life course and over time in the United States. I use recently developed methodologies of hierarchical age-period-cohort models, and the longest available population data series on happiness from the General Social Survey, 1972 to 2004. I find distinct life-course patterns, time trends, and birth cohort changes in happiness. The age effects are strong and indicate increases in happiness over the life course. Period effects show first decreasing and then increasing trends in happiness. Baby-boomer cohorts report lower levels of happiness, suggesting the influence of early life conditions and formative experiences. I also find substantial life-course and period variations in social disparities in happiness. The results show convergences in sex, race, and educational gaps in happiness with age, which can largely be attributed to differential exposure to various social conditions important to happiness, such as marital status and health. Sex and race inequalities in happiness declined in the long term over the past 30 years. During the most recent decade, however, the net sex difference disappeared while the racial gap in happiness remained substantial.
- Published
- 2008
38. Evaluation of peer comforting strategies by children and adolescents
- Author
-
Clark, Ruth Anne, MacGeorge, Erina L., and Robinson, Lakesha
- Subjects
Social networks -- Demographic aspects ,Age -- Influence ,Sex (Biology) -- Influence ,Personality and situation -- Influence ,Psychology and mental health - Abstract
Despite the importance of social support across the lifespan and extensive research on supportive communication between adults, little is known about how children or adolescents respond to the comforting efforts of their peers. The current study was designed to examine how 5th, 7th, and 9th graders evaluate six peer comforting strategies (sympathy, account giving, companionship, advice, optimism, and minimization) and to assess moderating effects of age, gender, and situation. Participants (N = 292) read scenarios involving a social rejection or academic failure and rated messages for affective improvement and perceived caring. Results indicated that companionship was the most positively evaluated strategy on both dependent variables, whereas minimization and account were least positively evaluated; sympathy, advice, and optimism received intermediate evaluations. These results were somewhat moderated by age, gender, and situation. Results are discussed with respect to potential differences between adult and tween evaluations and expectations in comforting interactions.
- Published
- 2008
39. Effects of age, gender, and target location on seated reach capacity and posture
- Author
-
Chateauroux, Elodie and Wang, Xuguang
- Subjects
Age -- Influence ,Posture -- Health aspects ,Posture -- Research ,Sex (Biology) -- Influence - Published
- 2008
40. Body mass bias in a competition of muscle strength and aerobic power
- Author
-
Vanderburgh, Paul M. and Laubach, Lloyd L.
- Subjects
Body mass index -- Influence ,Muscle strength -- Research ,Physical fitness -- Research ,Age -- Influence ,Health ,Sports and fitness - Abstract
Recently, a fitness competition called the Pump and Run (PR) has been popularized. Composed of 2 events, a 5-km road race time (RT) in seconds and a maximal-repetition bench press (BPR) with resistance based on a percentage of body mass (M), the final score (RTadj) equals RT--30(BPR). From published findings, the authors hypothesized that the PR would impose a bias against heavier competitors. Furthermore, the potential for age bias in this event has not been evaluated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate M and age bias in the PR for men and women. For 74 female and 343 male competitors in a large PR event, RT, BPR, M, and age were collected from official competition results. Two subsamples were randomly created from the original sample: the validation (VAL) (54 women and 258 men) and the cross-validation (OVAL) (20 women and 85 men). For the VAL sample, the RTadj showed significant bias against heavier runners (women [r.sup.2] = 0.35; men [r.sup.2] = 0.28; P < 0.01 for both) but no age bias (women [r.sup.2] = 0.04; men [r.sup.2] = 0.005; P > 0.05 for both). Using allometric modeling, the authors developed a set of M-based correction factors to be multiplied by each RTadj to yield new adjusted run times (NRTadj) that would be free of M bias. As applied to the CVAL sample, the NRTadj values virtually eliminated the M bias (women [r.sup.2] = 0.04; men [r.sup.2] = 0.002; P > 0.05 for both) of the current PR scoring system and retained the absence of age bias (women [r.sup.2] = 0.02; men [r.sup.2] = 0.0002; P > 0.05 for both). The authors recommend the use of the NRTadj scores for future PR competitions. KEY WORDS fitness, testing, age, weight, allometry
- Published
- 2008
41. The relationship of age to ten dimensions of job performance
- Author
-
Ng, Thomas W.H. and Feldman, Daniel C.
- Subjects
Employee performance -- Demographic aspects ,Age -- Influence ,Meta-analysis -- Methods ,Psychology and mental health ,Social sciences - Abstract
Previous reviews of the literature on the relationship between age and job performance have largely focused on core task performance but have paid much less attention to other job behaviors that also contribute to productivity. The current study provides an expanded meta-analysis on the relationship between age and job performance that includes 10 dimensions of job performance: core task performance, creativity, performance in training programs, organizational citizenship behaviors, safety performance, general counterproductive work behaviors, workplace aggression, on-the-job substance use, tardiness, and absenteeism. Results show that although age was largely unrelated to core task performance, creativity, and performance in training programs, it demonstrated stronger relationships with the other 7 performance dimensions. Results also highlight that the relationships of age with core task performance and with counterproductive work behaviors are curvilinear in nature and that several sample characteristics and data collection characteristics moderate age-performance relationships. The article concludes with a discussion of key research design issues that may further knowledge about the age-performance relationship in the future. Keywords: age, aging, older workers, job performance, meta-analysis
- Published
- 2008
42. Age and dietary form of vitamin K affect menaquinone-4 concentrations in male fischer 344 rats
- Author
-
Booth, Sarah L., Peterson, James W., Smith, Donald, Shea, M. Kyla, Chamberland, John, and Crivello, Natalia
- Subjects
Vitamin K -- Properties ,Vitamin K -- Influence ,Age -- Influence ,Food/cooking/nutrition - Abstract
Phylloquinone, the primary dietary form of vitamin K, is converted to menaquinone-4 (MK-4) in certain tissues. MK-4 may have tissue-specific roles independent of those traditionally identified with vitamin K. Fischer 344 male rats of different ages (2, 12, and 24 mo, n = 20 per age group) were used to compare the conversion of phylloquinone to MK-4 with an equivalent dose of another dietary form of vitamin K, 2', 3'-dihydrophylloquinone. Rats were age- and diet-group pair-fed phylloquinone (198 [+ or -] 9.0 [micro]g/kg diet) or dihydrophylloquinone (172 [+ or -] 13.0 [micro]g/kg diet) for 28 d. MK-4 was the primary form of vitamin K in serum, spleen, kidney, testes, bone marrow, and brain myelin fractions, regardless of age group. MK-4 concentrations were significantly lower in kidney, heart, testes, cortex (myelin), and striatum (myelin) in the dihydrophylloquinone diet group compared with the phylloquinone diet group (P< 0.05). The MK-4 concentrations in 2-mo-old rats were lower in liver, spleen, kidney, heart, and cortex (myelin) but higher in testes compared with 24-mo-old rats (P< 0.05). However, there were no age-specific differences in MK-4 concentrations among the rats fed the 2 diets. These data suggest that dihydrophylloquinone, which differs from phylloquinone in its side phytyl chain, is absorbed but its intake results in less MK-4 in certain tissues. Dihydrophylloquinone may be used in models for the study of tissue-specific vitamin K deficiency.
- Published
- 2008
43. Age of acquisition and word frequency effects in picture naming: a dual-task investigation
- Author
-
Dent, Kevin, Johnston, Robert A., and Humphreys, Glyn W.
- Subjects
Color and form recognition test -- Methods ,Language acquisition -- Research ,Age -- Influence ,Association tests -- Methods ,Reaction time -- Research ,Psychology and mental health - Abstract
In 2 experiments, the authors explored age of acquisition (AoA) and word frequency (WF) effects in picture naming using the psychological refractory period paradigm. In Experiment 1, participants named a picture and then, a short time later, categorized 1 of 3 possible auditory tones as high, medium, or low. Both AoA (Experiment IA) and WF (Experiment 1B) effects propagated onto tone discrimination reaction times (RTs), with the effects of AoA being stronger. In Experiment 2, the to-be-named picture followed the auditory tone by a varying interval. As the interval decreased, picture naming RTs increased. The relationship between the interval and AoA (Experiment 2A) was reliably underadditive; AoA effects were eliminated at the shortest interval. In contrast, WF (Experiment 2B) was additive with the effects of the interval. These results demonstrate an empirical dissociation between AoA and WF effects. AoA affects processing stages that precede those that are sensitive to WF. The implications for theories of picture naming are discussed. Keywords: age of acquisition, frequency, psychological refractory period, picture naming
- Published
- 2008
44. Marital status and smoking in Korea: the influence of gender and age
- Author
-
Cho, Hong-Jun, Khang, Young-Ho, Jun, Hee-Jin, and Kawachi, Ichiro
- Subjects
Smoking -- Demographic aspects ,Marital status -- Influence ,Age -- Influence ,Sex (Biology) -- Influence ,Health ,Social sciences - Abstract
Few studies have examined the influence of marriage on health-related behavior in Asian populations. The present study examined the effect of marital status on smoking in Korea. Data from two rounds of a nationally representative survey (1999 and 2003) were analyzed (57,246 women and 52,769 men). Marital status-specific prevalence ratios for smoking were estimated using log binomial regression after adjusting for age, survey year, occupation and education level. Smoking prevalence declined with age for men, but rose for women. Smoking rates were higher for unmarried men and women compared to their married counterparts. However, the gap in smoking rates between unmarried and married women (especially younger women < 45 years) was much greater than the gap between unmarried and married men. The study found that marital status had a stronger protective influence on smoking in women than men, which contrasts with the gender pattern reported previously in western studies. The findings suggest the influence of a culture which discourages married women from smoking, and 'liberates' divorced women from cultural sanctions against smoking in marriage. Keywords: Korea; Smoking; Marital status; Gender; Age
- Published
- 2008
45. Co-offending and the age-crime curve
- Author
-
Stolzenberg, Lisa and D'Alessio, Stewart J.
- Subjects
Juvenile delinquency -- Research ,Criminal justice, Administration of -- Social aspects ,Age -- Influence ,Law ,Psychology and mental health ,Sociology and social work - Abstract
It is proffered rather frequently that co-offending is the dominate form of criminal offending among juveniles because of the enhanced salience of peer pressure during adolescence, and that this enhanced propensity to co-offend is pivotal for understanding the age-crime curve. Using National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) data for 2002, the authors conduct an analysis of 466,311 criminal arrests drawn from seven states. Their findings indicate that co-offending patterns by age are not noteworthy in elucidating why participation in illegal activities rises in adolescence, peaks in early adulthood, and then declines thereafter. Once co-offending is differentiated from solo offending, with solo offending representing the bulk of criminal activity among all age groups, including juveniles, a curvilinear relationship remains between age and solo-offending and between age and co-offending. These nonlinear associations are not conditioned by an offender's sex, race, or by offense type. The authors also analyzed co-offending crimes reported to police. In many types of crimes, offenders and victims come into contact, thus allowing for the estimation of the perpetrator's age notwithstanding whether an arrest was made. The findings generated in this supplemental analysis are similar to those produced using the arrest data. The results of this study have consequential theoretical implications not only because they cast doubt on the assertion that differences in co-offending levels between juveniles and adults account for the age-crime curve, but they also contravene the widely held belief that most juvenile offenses are perpetrated in the company of others rather than by individuals acting alone. Based on the new data reported here it appears that group offending is merely incidental in circumstance and thus of little etiological significance. Keywords: co-offending; age-crime curve; National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS)
- Published
- 2008
46. Age differences in IDA savings outcomes: findings from the American Dream Demonstration
- Author
-
Putnam, Michelle, Sherraden, Michael, Zhang, Lin, and Morrow-Howell, Nancy
- Subjects
Savings accounts -- Demographic aspects ,Savings accounts -- Management ,Age -- Influence ,Savings -- Demographic aspects ,Company business management ,Seniors ,Sociology and social work - Abstract
This study aims to develop a greater understanding of age differences in savings outcomes within Individual Development Accounts (IDAs). Participant data from the American Dream Demonstration (ADD) are examined for age differences in accumulated net deposits, average monthly net deposits, and deposit frequency. ADD program data are examined for savings match rates, monthly savings targets, direct deposit, and hours of financial education offered. Results indicate that, on average, older IDA participants have better savings outcomes than younger participants. Findings from this study suggest that impoverished middle-aged and older adults can save if provided an opportunity and incentives. However, success will depend on the characteristics of the programs. doi:10.1300/J031v20n01_03 KEYWORDS. Individual development accounts, age, asset building, savings
- Published
- 2008
47. Effects of working conditions and sleep of the previous day on cognitive performance
- Author
-
Ansiau, D., Wild, P., Niezborala, M., Rouch, I., and Marqui, J.C.
- Subjects
Sleep -- Influence ,Work environment -- Influence ,Cognition -- Research ,Age -- Influence ,Shift work -- Influence ,Engineering and manufacturing industries ,Health ,Human resources and labor relations - Abstract
The study examined the consequences of working conditions on the previous day on cognitive performance the following day. It also addressed the issue of whether this relationship was mediated by sleep and whether it differed as a function of age. The data were taken from the VISAT study (aging, health and work) and concerned the participant's general work schedule, general sleep quality, working conditions on the previous day (content, duration, load and schedule), subsequent sleep length and quality, and cognitive performance. Results showed that both physical activity and working before 6 am or after 10 pm on the previous day were significantly associated with poorer cognitive performance. Significant effects of working conditions on the previous day were also observed on subsequent sleep, but these effects did not mediate the relationship between working conditions and cognitive performance. The observed effect on cognitive performance of atypical work hours on the previous day was similar for all ages, probably because of the healthy worker effect. Keywords: Age; Shift work; Cognitive performance
- Published
- 2008
48. Age-related changes in top-ten men's U.S. masters 50-m freestyle swim times as a function of finishing place
- Author
-
Fairbrother, Jeffrey T.
- Subjects
Age -- Influence ,Age -- Physiological aspects ,Swimming -- Demographic aspects ,Time -- Research ,Motor ability -- Demographic aspects ,Health ,Psychology and mental health - Abstract
This study described age-related changes in swim time as a function of top-ten finishing place for Masters swimmers. Previous research has documented increases in 50-m freestyle swim times for men beyond age 35 using aggregated topten times. The present study examined the relationship between age and swim time, taking into account the potential influence of finishing place in the top-ten. Data were retrieved from the United States Masters Swimming database for male top-ten finishers in the 50-m short course freestyle for the years from 1993 to 2002. Data from each year were analyzed using linear regression procedures with Age, Square of age, and Finishing place as predictor variables and Swim time as the dependent variable. Analysis indicated that, when Finishing place was considered, a more gradual increase in Swim time as a function of age was seen for finishing places closer to first place than for those closer to tenth place.
- Published
- 2007
49. Age and interstimulus interval in forward and backward long-trace taste-aversion conditioning'
- Author
-
Minnier, Eli, Misanin, James R., and Hinderliter, Charles F.
- Subjects
Age -- Influence ,Stimuli (Psychology) -- Influence ,Classical conditioning -- Research ,Health ,Psychology and mental health - Abstract
Rats, 70-79 days old and 477-557 days old, experienced either a forward or backward taste-aversion conditioning trial with a 15-min. or 45 min. interstimulus interval. Forward conditioning was evident in both age groups at both interstimulus intervals. Backward conditioning was evident in both age groups only at the 15min. interstimulus interval. The failure to obtain backward conditioning at the 45min. interval was attributed to the effect of stress, produced by injection of the US, on long-trace conditioning. As reported with forward conditioning, stress may alter metabolic rate such that the intervals at which associations can be formed are shortened.
- Published
- 2007
50. Marital interaction in middle and old age: a predictor of marital satisfaction?
- Author
-
Schmitt, Marina, Kliegel, Matthias, and Shapiro, Adam
- Subjects
Marriage -- Social aspects ,Marriage -- Surveys ,Marriage -- Psychological aspects ,Husband and wife -- Surveys ,Satisfaction -- Surveys ,Age -- Influence ,Sex differences (Psychology) -- Influence ,Health ,Seniors - Abstract
Many studies point out the importance of marital satisfaction for well-being. However, although being married is still the norm in middle and old age, research on the determinants of marital satisfaction has neglected long-term marriages. While research on short-term marriages mainly focuses on partner fit (e.g., in personality traits and socio-economic status), marital interactions should be more important for marital satisfaction in long-term marriages. In this article we examine the role of both stable, dispositional factors and of marital interaction in predicting marital satisfaction in long-term marriages in middle and old age. With data from 588 married women and men in middle and old age who participated in the Interdisciplinary Longitudinal Study of Adult Development (ILSE), we examined age and gender differences in the role of socio-economic status, personality, and marital interaction as predictors of marital satisfaction. Results showed a) that socio-economic factors and personality played a minor role in predicting marital satisfaction, and b) that a high quality of dyadic interaction was particularly important for the marital satisfaction of women. The implications of these findings for future research and interventions on marital interaction in middle and old age are discussed.
- Published
- 2007
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